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Series AC Circuit

The document discusses the phasor representation of alternating current (AC) quantities, including the use of the j-operator for vector rotation and the representation of active, reactive, and apparent power in AC circuits. It provides formulas for calculating true power, reactive power, and apparent power, along with examples and problems related to series AC circuits involving resistors and inductors. Additionally, it includes calculations for impedance, current, power factor, and voltage across circuit components.

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aragavendran2711
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9 views25 pages

Series AC Circuit

The document discusses the phasor representation of alternating current (AC) quantities, including the use of the j-operator for vector rotation and the representation of active, reactive, and apparent power in AC circuits. It provides formulas for calculating true power, reactive power, and apparent power, along with examples and problems related to series AC circuits involving resistors and inductors. Additionally, it includes calculations for impedance, current, power factor, and voltage across circuit components.

Uploaded by

aragavendran2711
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Series AC Circuit

Phasor representation of AC quantity


Phasor: Alternating quantities are vector (i.e having both magnitude and direction). Their instantaneous values are
continuously changing so that they are represented by a rotating vector (or phasor).
A phasor is a vector rotating at a constant angular velocity.
Phasor diagram: is one in which different alternating quantities of the same frequency are represented by phasors
with their correct phase relationship
J-Operator
 The j-operator has a value exactly equal to √-1, so successive multiplication of “ j “, ( j x j ) will result
in j having the following values of, -1, -j and +1.

 As the j-operator is commonly used to indicate the anticlockwise rotation of a vector, each successive
multiplication or power of “ j “, j2, j3 etc, will force the vector to rotate through a fixed angle of 90o in an
anticlockwise direction as shown below.
Representation of AC Quantities in Rectangular and Polar forms
Active, Reactive and Apparent Power
Active Power:
The power which is actually consumed or utilised in an
AC Circuit is called True power or Active power or Real
power. It is measured in watt (W) or kW. It is the actual
outcomes of the electrical system which runs the electric
circuits or load.
True power = voltage x current in phase with the
voltage Taking voltage V as reference, the current
P = V x I cosϕ = V I cosϕ I lags behind the voltage V by an angle ϕ.
The current I is divided into two
The current component, which is in phase with the components:
circuit voltage and contributes to the active power of the •I Cos ϕ in phase with the voltage V
•I Sin ϕ which is 90 degrees out of phase
circuit, is called an active component or watt-full with the voltage V
component or in-phase component of the current.
Reactive Power:
The power which flows back and forth that means it moves in both the directions in the circuit or reacts upon
itself, is called Reactive Power. The reactive power is measured in volt-ampere reactive (VAR) or kVAR.
Reactive power = voltage x current out of phase with the voltage
Q = V x I sinϕ = V I sinϕ
The current component, which is in quadrature or 90 degrees out of phase to the circuit voltage and
contributes to the reactive power of the circuit, is called a reactive component of the current.

Apparent Power:
The product of root mean square (RMS) value of voltage and current is known as Apparent Power. This power
is measured in VA or kVA.
Apparent power Pa or S = V x I = VI
1) In a series circuit containing pure resistance and pure inductance, the current and voltage expressed as i(t)
= 5 sin (314 t + 2Π/3) and v(t) = 20 sin (314 t + 5Π/6). What is the impedance of the circuit? What are the values
of resistance, inductance and power factor?
2) A current of 5 A flows through a non-inductive resistance in series with a coil when supplied at 250 V, 50 Hz.
If the voltage across the resistance is 125 V across the coil is 200 V, Calculate i) the impedance, resistance and
reactance the coil, ii)the power absorbed by the coil and iii) the total power. Draw Phasor diagram.
3) When a voltage of 100 V at 50 Hz is applied to a choking coil A, the current taken is 8 A and the power is
120 W. When applied to a coil B, the current is 10 A and the power is 500 W. What current and power will be
taken when 100 V is applied to the two coils connected in series?
4) A resistance of 100 ohm is connected in series with a 50µF capacitor to a supply at 200 V, 50 Hz. Find i)
impedance, current, power factor and phase angle and ii) the voltage across resistor and across capacitor.
Draw the phasor diagram.
5) Find the circuit constants of a two elements series circuit which consumes 700 W with 0.707 leading p.f. The
applied voltage is V = 141.4 sin 314t.
6) A series RC circuit takes a power of 7000 W when connected to 200 V, 50 Hz supply. The voltage across the
resistor is 130 volts. Calculate i) the resistance, current, power factor, capacitance and impedance. Ii) Write
the equation for the voltage and current.
7) A coil of resistance 10 ohms and inductance 0.1 H is connected in series with a 150 µF capacitor across 200 V,
50 Hz supply. Calculate i) inductive reactance, capacitive reactance, impedance, current and power factor and
ii) the voltage across the coil and capacitor respectively.
8) A resistance R, an inductance L = 0.5 H and a capacitance C are connected in series. When a voltage v =
350 cos (3000t - 20°) volts is applied to this series combination, the current flowing is 15 cos (3000t - 20°)
amperes. Find R and C.

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