INDEX

Page
S.No. Description
No
Introduction to input and output
1 2
devices and their types
2 Mouse and its common types 3-5

3 Scanner 5-5
Digital camera, webcam, light pen,
3 6-11
joystick, touch screen and voice input

4 Meaning and types of output devices 12-12

5 Monitor and its types 12-13

6 Printer and its types 14-17

7 Plotter, speaker, and headphones 18-19

8 Input-output interface 20-22

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INPUT DEVICES AND OUTPUT
DEVICE
Input Devices:
It sends information to computer system for processing. It only allow
for input of data to computer, such as keyboard, mouse ,..

Example of Input devices

1- Keyboard :

It is used in the input information to computer system. Keyboard is most

common input device is used today. The data and instruction are input by
typing on the keyboard. The message typed on the keyboard reaches the
memory unit of a computer . it is connected to a computer via cable or
wireless . Apart from alphabet and numeral keys, it has other function keys
for performing different functions.

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2- Mouse

Mouse is pointing input device will allow you to point the command on the
computer screen and click it by using right or left button to send it to your
computer. It is designed to be used on the flat surface( mouse pad) . Mouse
is a hand held device that you can move with your hand to point and click
(right or left) on your screen to send commands to your computer .
When the mouse is moved on mouse pad a light beam underneath reflect to
give motion to the pointer on the screen .
Mouse will interact with graphical interface. It is connected to a computer via
wired (cable)or wireless .

The common type of the mouse

a- Trackball Mouse

It has ball mechanism to move the pointer or cursor on the screen .

It is stationary input device that include a ball in the middle of two
buttons and easily rolled with finger to move the pointer on the
screen .The device has sensor to detect the rotation of ball .It
remains stationary ,you don't need to move it on the flat surface . So
it is an ideal device if you have limited desk space .
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b- Optical Mouse

It come with optical technology (Laser technology) that control cursor

movement by visible or invisible light beam (red light).

c-Touchpad

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It works as mouse come with a laptop computer. It lets you control
the movement of cursor or pointer by moving your finger over
touchpad .
It has a limited area where you can point and click.
d- Wireless Mouse :
This type of mouse lacks cable and use wireless technology to
control the movement of cursor .

3- SCANNER:

We can store pictures ,photographs, diagrams and document into

the computer with help of scanner . The scanner reads(scan) the
printed picture , drawing or document and convert it into a digital
file (image file) which can be edited or storage on a computer.
A scanner can be connected to a computer using USB cable .

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 4- -DIGITAL CAMERAS
A digital camera can be used in the same way a traditional camera
can, but instead of storing images on rolls of film which require
developing, the images are stored digitally in memory housed
within the camera.
These pictures can easily be transferred to your computer and then
manipulated within any graphics programs which you have installed
on your computer.
Currently they are limited by the quality of the image recorded and
the number of pictures which you may store within the camera.

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5- WEBCAM

Web cam is a short form of Web Camera. The Web has become
increasingly interactive . You can now use a small digital movie
camera (a Web cam) mounted on the PC monitor to allow two-way
communication involving not just text Communication but sound
and video communication as well.

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5- LIGHT PEN:

A light pen is another pointing device that can be used in the

computer.It is normally like a pen and is used to directly point at the
objects seen on the screen . You can also draw various objects on
the computer screen through a light pen .

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6- TOUCH SCREEN

It is an electronic visual display that responds to touch . In this

technology , the computer screen is divided into different
areas(often buttons or icons). It allows user to select options(icons)
from a screen by simply touching them by human finger , pen or
any other pointing device.
It easy to use and work well with icons , allowing options(icons) to
be selected easily . You can give any sort of information to the
computer by touching it.

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7- VOICE INPUT FOR PC (MICROPHONE)

Microphone is input device that take analogue sound waves and

convert them into electrical signals(digital signals) suitable for a
computer to understand. It allow you to talk to PC and see text
appear on the screen .You can store voice data in the computer by
speaking in front of the microphone.

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8- JOYSTICK:

It also pointing input device like a mouse . It is made up of a

vertical stick with a spherical base . The base is fitted in a socket
that allows free movement of the stick . The movement of stick
controls the cursor or pointer on the screen . Mostly It is used for
playing games on the computer .While playing the games on the
computer , the user need to move the objects quickly on the screen .
With the movement of the vertical stick , the objects can be moved
in all the directions easily .

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OUTPUT DEVICE:

It display the results of the processing . It only receive the output

from a computer and display it , such as monitor , printer, …

1- MONITOR :

This is the most common output device connected with the

computer to display the processed information . It looks like a TV
and is also know as VDU(Visual Display Unit ) . Pictures are
displayed by using a large number of very small dots on screen
called pixels that are arranged in matrix form . Each pixel contain a
red , green and blue which can be individually adjusted to create
any color when combined . The number of pixels that the monitor
can show on its screen is referred to as the resolution of the
screen .The output produced on the screen is called Soft Copy
Output because it can not retained for long time .
Soft copyt output is output copy of document stored in memory and
can be seen on screen , It can modified easily .
it is intangible and it is digital version .
The two commonly types of monitor are :
A- Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
The CRT is vacuum tube that contains one more electron guns
and phosphorescent screen and is used to dispay images. It
modulation , accelerates , and deflected electron beam onto screen
to create the image .Where CRT contains millions of tiny red ,
green and blue phosphor dots that glow when struck by an
electron beam that travels the screen to create a visible image

The advantage of CRT monitor is better colour representation,

less expensive and have a better viewing angle

The disadvantage of CRT is big and heavy because there is a

vacuum tube inside it , require a lot of power to run , less quality
and produce a lot of heat .

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B- LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD)

LCD or Liquid Crystal Display is a flat electronic display which is

very commonly used in, laptops, modern desktop , televisions,
digital watches and calculators etc. It make use of light
modulating properties of liquid crystal and polarization of light for
its operation to display image .
The Advantage Of LCD
IS small size (less thickness) , less weight , require less power and
high quality .

The Disadvantage Of LCD

1- The image can be difficult to see in bright light .
2- LCD have a fuzzy viewing angle

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 .

1- CRT Monitor 2- LCD Monitor

2- PRINTER :

This is an important output device of the computer system . It

gives a printed output of the result that appears on the monitor
screen on paper. Printed output is also called Hard Copy Output

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because unlike monitor , this output can be preserved even if the
computer is switched off.
Hard copy output is printed on paper .It can not be modified easily.
It is tangible and is physical version .

There are two types of printers:

 Impact Printers
 Non Impact Printer

IMPACT PRINTERS:
Impact Printers print the characters by striking them on
the ink ribbon , which is then pressed on the paper. The
characteristics of impact printers are the following :
• Very low consumable cost.
• Very noisy
These printers are of two types:
 Character Printers
 Line Printers

1. Character printer:
Character printer is the printer which print one
character at a time .Example of these printer are
Dot Matrix printer
Daisy Wheel

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 2. Line printer
Line printer is the printer which print one line at the
time . Example of these printer are :
*Drum Printer
*Chain Printer

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  NON –IMPACT PRINTER :

Non –impact printers print characters without using the

ink ribbon .These printers print complete page at the time ,thus
they are also called as Page Printers .
The characters of Non-impact printers :
• Faster than Impact printers
• They are not noisy
• High quality
• Support many fonts and different character size .
These printers are of two types :
1. Laser Printers
2. Inkjet Printers

1. Laser Printers :
They are higher speed and high quality device that use
laser beam to produce the dots needed to form the
characters to be printed on a page. These printers are
expensive and can not be used to produce multiple copies
of a document in a single printing .Laser printers produce
very high quality text and graphs .

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 2. Inkjet Printers:
They print characters by spraying small drops of colored ink onto
paper. Inkjet printers produce high quality output .They make less
noise because no hammering is done and these have many styles
of printing modes available . Color printing is also
possible .Some models of inkjet printers can produce multiple
copies of printing .Also these printers are less Expensive , slow and
less resolution quality as compared to Laser printers .
 3-Plotter

It is used to print a photograph, drawing image that stored in the

computer . It is an output device which provides a high quality of
printed output , It is generally used by engineers and architects .

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4- Speakers
Speakers are output device connected to a computer by sound card that
outputs sounds generated by the computer. It converts digital signals
into analogue sound waves that are suitable for user. These devices are
used to listen to the music and sounds played by the computer. They
come in a different shapes and sizes.

5-Headphones ;
they give sound output from the computer. It converts digital signals into
analogue sound waves that are suitable for user. They are similar to
speakers , except they are worn on the ears so only one person can hear
the output at a time .

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*Input/ output devices:( I/O Devices)
Some devices can be used both send input and display output at the
same time and they are called Input/ Output devices( I/O devices) ,
such as secondary memory (CDrw.Ram , DVD rw.ROM , Hard disk ,
floppy disk, Flash memory..)

INPUT/ OUTPUT INTERFACE :

Input / output Interface provides a method for transferring
information between processor and external input/ output devices
i.e ,peripherals device . These Input / Output interface in computer
system are exits in the form of special hardware component between
the system bus and peripherals .

INPUT/ OUTPUT INTERFACE

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Input Interface:
It transform the input data and instructions fed to the computer
through its input devices into the binary codes which are acceptable
to the computer.

Output Interface :
It transform the information obtained from data processing from
binary form to human acceptable forn.

The purpose of Input / output Interface is to resolve the differences

that exit between the processor and each peripheral devices .
The Major Differences are :

1. Peripheral devices are electromechnical and electromagnetic devices

and CPU and Memory are electronic devices . Therefore a conversion
of signal values may be needed .

2-The data transfer rate of peripherals devices is usually slower

than the transfer rate of CPU a synchronization mechanism may
be needed.

3-Data codes and formats in peripherals devices differ from the

codes and formats in the CPU and memory .

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