(2021-22)

d{kk % 6-8
 xf.kr funsZf'kdk
¼Lrj&1½

ge lHkh tkurs gSa fd dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds pyrs dbZ eghus Ldwy can jgs
vkSj bl dkj.k cPpksa dh i<+kbZ cgqr çHkkfor gqbZ gSA
,slh laHkkouk gS fd cPpksa esa xf.kr djus ds Lrj esa Hkkjh fxjkoV vkbZ gksxhA
blfy,] cPpksa dh t+:jrksa dks le>rs gq,] mUgsa f'k{kdksa }kjk Ldwy esa vkSj
vfHkokodksa }kjk ?kjksa esa yxkrkj lg;ksx nsus dh t+:jr gSA
;g lg;ksx dSls fn;k tk ldrk gS] bl funsZf'kdk esa fn, x, lq>ko FUEL
¼Fast Understanding in Easy way to cover Learning Loss½ dk dke
djsaxsA
Ÿ xf.krh; vo/kkj.kkvksa dh le> fodflr djus ds fy, cPpksa ls T+;knk ls
T+;knk xf.kr laca/kh ckrphr djsaA
Ÿ la[;kvksa dh ladYiuk dh le> ds fy, muds vuqHkoksa dks ifjos'k ls
tksM+ dj lk>k djsa rkfd Bksl oLrqvksa dh lgk;rk ls cPps ewrZ ls vewrZ
la[;kvksa ds Lo:i dks le>us esa lgtrk dk vuqHko djsaA
Ÿ cPpksa esa la[;k le> ds lkFk&lkFk la[;k dk ladsr&fpà] ek=k] tksM+]
?kVko] xq.kk o Hkkx dh cqfu;knh le> fodflr gks ldsA
Ÿ gesa cPpksa dh vk/kkjHkwr {kerkvksa] tSls & lquuk] cksyuk] i<+uk] djuk
vkSj fy[kuk dks et+cwrh nsus dh t+:jr gSA
bu lHkh fØ;kvksa dks ,d lkFk djus dk ,d fo'ks"k uke fn;k gS & deky
¼CAMaL: Combined Activities for Maximized Learning½ bls ge
TaRL ;kuh Teaching at the Right Level Hkh dgrs gSaA blds varxZr
ge cPpksa ds lkFk muds xf.kr djus ds Lrj vuqlkj xfrfof/k;k¡
djrs gSaA

^çFke ,tqds'ku QkWm.Ms'ku* }kjk rS;kj dh

xbZ vufxur fMftVy xfrfof/k;ksa dks ns[kus
vkSj lquus ds fy, y‚x bu djsa%
www.prathamopenschool.org

1
 Lrjkuqlkj lewg tk¡p ?kVko ds loky ls 'kq: djsaA nks loky nsa ¼cPps ls
cukus ds rjhd+s la[;k o fpà dh igpku Hkh iwNsa½
nksuksa ugha gk¡] nksuksa
dj ikrk dj ikrk
10&99 rd igyk loky xyr Hkkx dk ,d loky
la[;k igpku djs rc Hkh nwljk nsaA ¼HkkxQy o
djok,¡A djus dks nsaA 'ks"kQy½ nksuksa
tk¡psaA
gk¡ ugha ugha gk¡

10&99 la[;k 1&9 rd vadksa ?kVko Lrj ij Intermediate

igpku Lrj ij dh igpku fpfUgr djsaA Level ij tkus
fpfUgr djsaA djok,¡A ;ksX; gSA
gk¡ ugha

vad igpku çkjafHkd Lrj

Lrj ij ij fpfUgr
fpfUgr djsa A djsaA

ewY;kadu izi=
t+ksu f'k{kd@losZ{kd dk uke
Ldwy dk uke Ldwy dksM
ekSf[kd tk¡p esa mPpre Lrj
fgUnh dh tk¡p xf.kr dh tk¡p
Ø-la- cPps dk ID cPps dk uke
d{kk
fyax

vad igpku

¼10&99½
igpku
izkjafHkd

la[;k
vuqPNsn

izkjafHkd

¼1&9½
dgkuh

?kVko
v{kj

Hkkx
'kCn

2
 xf.kr

yf{kr lewg%

çkjafHkd Lrj] vad igpku ¼1&9½ vkSj la[;k igpku ¼10&99½ Lrj ds cPpsA

100 rd dh la[;kvksa dks nks vadksa okyh la[;kvksa ds lkFk

LFkkuh; eku ds lkFk igpku tksM+ vkSj ?kVko ds gkfly okys
ldsa vkSj muesa rqyuk dj ik,¡A 'kkfCnd lokyksa dks gy dj ldsaA
y{;
nks vadksa okyh la[;kvksa esa ,d
vad okyh la[;kvksa ls xq.kk vkSj vk—fr;ksa dks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa
Hkkx ds 'kkfCnd lokyksa dks gy ck¡V ldsaA
dj ldsaA

jkst+kuk dh tkus okyh xfrfof/k;k¡

1½ xf.kr lacaf/kr 15 feuV Ÿ xf.kr lacaf/kr ckrphr] lafØ;k] la[;k] ekiu]
ckrphr vuqeku bR;kfn
Ÿ ,l-,e-,l@okV~l,Ii dh xfrfof/k ij ckrphr
2½ la[;k igpku lacaf/kr Ÿ la[;k pkVZ okpu
20 feuV Ÿ caMy&rhyh ¼LVªkW½ dh fØ;k,¡
xfrfof/k;k¡ Lrj ds vuqlkj [ksy

3½ 'kkfCnd lokyksa ij Ÿ tksM+&?kVko

ckrphr ,oa vkSipkfjd 25 feuV Ÿ igkM+k ekSf[kd% dksbZ nks lafØ;k,¡
:i ls lafØ;k,¡ gy djuk Ÿ xq.kk&Hkkx fyf[kr% dksbZ ,d lafØ;k

4½ vU; n{krkvksa dh 10 feuV Ÿ ekiu ,oa vuqeku

Ÿ vk—fr;ksa ls ifjp;
xfrfof/k;k¡
Ÿ vk—fr;ksa dks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vuk

uksV%& vk/kkjHkwr lafØ;kvksa dh 'kq#vkr djus ls igys v/;kid muls lacaf/kr nks rhu ç'uksa ls
xf.krh; ppkZ çkjaHk dj ldrs gSaA dksbZ Hkh xfrfof/k cPpksa ds Lrjkuqlkj igys cM+s lewg esa vkSj fQj
NksVs lewg esa djokbZ tkuh pkfg,A lafØ;kvksa] vU; n{krkvksa rFkk fo"k; oLrq ls lacaf/kr [ksy Hkh
djok, tk,¡A
3
 1½ xf.kr lacaf/kr ckrphr

ge tc cPpksa ls xf.kr lacaf/kr ckrphr djrs gSa rks os vius nSfud thou ds vuqHkoksa dks xf.kr ls
tksM+dj xf.kr dk vkuUn ysus yxrs gSaA ,slk djus ls cPpksa esa xf.krh; lksp dk fodkl gksus yxrk
gSA ;gk¡ uhps xf.kr lacaf/kr ckrphr ds dqN mnkgj.k fn, x, gSaA vki blds vykok nSfud thou
ls tqM+s vkSj Hkh dbZ mnkgj.k d{kk esa bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA

vkids Ldwy esa dqy fdruh f[kM+fd;k¡ gSa\

vkidh d{kk esa dqy fdrus cPps gSa] vkius ;g dSls irk yxk;k\
,d dejs dh yEckbZ vkids ckfy'r ls yxHkx fdrus ckfy'r gksaxh\ vkius
;g dSls vanktk़ yxk;k\
vkids ?kj esa tc [kkuk idrk gS rks dSls irk pyrk gS fd fdruk [kkuk cuk;k
tk, fd og cckZn u gks\
vkidks firkth ds fy, ubZ deht flyokuh gS] blds fy, vki D;k&D;k
djsaxs\
nSfud thou esa fdl&fdl ek/;e ls fdlh pht़ dks ekik tkrk gS\

vki tc esyk ns[kus ;k ckt+kj tkrs gSa rks xf.krh; –f"Vdks.k ls vkidks
mlesa xf.kr dh dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa\
fØdsV ds [ksy esa vkidks D;k&D;k xf.kr gksrk gqvk fn[krk gS\

bl ckj Nqfê;ksa esa vkidks viuh ukuh ds ?kj] cl ls tkuk gSA crk,¡] bl ;k=k
esa dkSu&dkSu lk xf.kr fNik gqvk gksxk\
vki vius nSfud thou esa vk—fr;k¡ dgk¡&dgk¡ vkSj dkSu&dkSu lh ns[krs gSa\
D;k ;s vk—fr;k¡ Hkh xf.kr ls tqM+h gqbZ gSa\
vki 100 #i;s ysdj ckt+kj tkrs gSa] vkidks dksbZ pkj phts़a [kjhnuh
़ gSa vkSj
25 #i;s okil Hkh ykus gSaA crk,¡] vki dkSu&dkSu lh phts़a vkSj
fdrus&fdrus #i;s esa [kj़ hnsaxs\
uksV& cPpksa ds vfHkHkkodksa dks izfr fnu xf.kr lacaf/kr ckrphr ds fy, ,d sms Hkstsa] tSls& cPpksa ls
iwfN,] nw/k ysrs le; xf.kr dh dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa utj vkrh gSa\ ;g sms d{kk esa dh xbZ
xfrfof/k;ksa ls tqM+h gks rks T+;knk csgrj gSA blls cPpksa dks vH;kl djus dk ekSd+k Hkh feysxk vkSj
?kjokyksa dk lg;ksx HkhA
4
 2½ la[;k igpku lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;k¡

la[;k pkVZ okpu

f'k{kd la[;k pkVZ Li"V mPpkj.k

lquks ds lkFk i<+dj lquk,¡A cPps
ihNs&ihNs nksgjk,¡ ughaA

vc esjs tSlk dkSu i<+sxk\

i<+ks ,slk dgdj izfrfnu 3&4
vyx&vyx cPpksa dks i<+us
dk ekSd+k nsaA

3&4 cPpksa ds NksVs&NksVs lewg

djks cukdj gj lewg esa la[;k dkMZ
nsdj la[;k dh igpku djk,¡A

ck,¡ ls nk,¡ nk,¡ ls ck,¡

fofo/krk la[;k pkVZ vyx&vyx rjhd+s ls

i<+sa] tSls& Åij ls uhps] uhps ls
Åij] ck,¡ ls nk,¡] nk,¡ ls ck,¡]
frjNh fxurh] chp&chp ls
fxurh] vyx&vyx iS V uZ
bR;kfnA

5
 0&9 rd ds vadksa ds fy, rhyh ¼LVªkW½ ls fØ;k,¡

lquks vad ls lacaf/kr 4&5 okD;ksa dh ,d dgkuh lquk,¡A

vad ls lacaf/kr vklikl ls iz'u iwNsaA

cksyks

vad ftruh rhfy;k¡ cPpksa dks fxudj fn[kk,¡ o mUgsa

djks Hkh fxuus ds fy, dgsaA vad dkMZ }kjk vad ds la[;k
fpà ls ifjp; djk,¡A

i<+ks vad dks la[;k pkVZ esa i<+us dks dgsaA

fy[kks i<+s gq, vad dks dkWih esa fy[kus dks dgsaA

2 vc gkFk esa cph

4
rhfy;ksa dh la[;k dqN ugha
lHkh rhfy;k¡ iwNsa
uhps j[k nsa eryc&'kwU; ¼0½
1
'kwU; 5

dqN rhfy;k¡ dh vc vad dkMZ

gkFk esa ysdj ls 0 dh
fxusa igpku igpku djk,¡

ek¡ us vkt e> q s 2 #i;s fn,A

mlls euaSs 2 pkd W yVs [kj+hnhA
Ldy
w ea s vius 2 fe=ka s dks cy q k;kA
mUga s os nkuska s pkd W yVs ns nhA

6
 caMy rhyh ¼LVªkW½ ls fØ;k,¡

eqV~Bh Hkj rhfy;k¡ ysdj mUgsa fxudj fn[kk,¡A

10 rhfy;ksa dk jcj cSaM yxkdj caMy cuk,¡A

1caMy ¾ 10 rhfy;k¡

ftrus caMy cu ldrs gSa cuk;saA

rhyh dks bdkbZ o caMy dks ngkbZ dgus dks dgsaA

caMy o rhyh dk Ýse cukdj mlesa

caMy o rhyh dh la[;k fy[ksa vkSj cxy
esa mUgsa j[k nsaA

mijksDr xfrfof/k dks 3&4 cPpksa ds

NksVs lewg cukdj djus dks dgsaA

rqyuk % mijksDr xfrfof/k dks nks cPpksa ds

lkFk djsa mUgsa viuh&viuh la[;k fy[kus dks
dgsaA vc caMy dh rqyuk caMy ls djsa] ;fn os
leku gSa rks rhfy;ksa dh rqyuk rhfy;ksa ls
djds ppkZ djsa fd dkSu&lh la[;k cM+h gSA

7
 3½ 'kkfCnd lokyksa ij ckrphr ,oa vkSipkfjd
:i ls lafØ;k,¡ gy djuk
caMy rhyh ¼LVªkW½ ls tksM+
tksM+ ls lacaf/kr 'kkfCnd loky iwNsa o ppkZ jktw ds ikl 26
djsa vke gSA fu'kk us
mls 15 vke vkSj
ns fn, rks crk,¡
tksM+ dk ,d 'kkfCnd loky fy[ksa fd vc jktw ds
ikl fdrus vke
gSa\
nks cPpksa dks cqykdj nksuksa la[;kvksa ds
cjkcj rhfy;k¡ fudkyus dks dgsa

nksuksa dks viuh viuh rhfy;ksa ls caMy

cukus dks dgsa
10 rhfy;k¡ ¾ 1 caMy

Ýse cukdj mlesa caMy o rhyh dk la[;k

fy[ksaA

tksM+ ds fpà dh igpku djokdj ckbZa vksj

fpà yxk,¡

tksM+ o ?kVko ds loky gy djus ds fy,

ges'kk rhfy;ksa ls 'kq: djus dks dgsa

rhfy;ksa dks tksM+sa] ;fn os 10 ;k 10 ls

vf/kd gSa rks mudks 1 caMy cukdj mUgsa
caMy ds esgeku ?kj esa fy[ksa o cph rhfy;ksa
dks rhyh ds ?kj esa fy[kas pkj caMy
,d rhyh ;kuh
bdrkyhl

lHkh caMyksa dks tksM+ dj la[;k fy[ksa

8
 caMy&rhyh ¼LVªkW½ ls ?kVko

(tksM+ +)
c<+uk
tksM+ ;k ?kVko
ds 'kkfCnd
loky de g
ksuk
(?kVko -)

10 rhfy;k¡ ¾ 1 caMy

uhye lwjt

||| ||

1 caMy 3 rhyh
3 caMy 2 rhyh
rhyh ds ?kj
esa uhps bu rhfy;ksa
j[ksa a vkSj 9
dks j[ks
fy[ksaA

/;ku j[ksa %a
Ÿ ?kVus okyh la[;k ds fy, dsoy ;g iwNuk gS fd fdrus
caMy vkSj fdruh rhfy;k¡ fudkyuh gksaxh\
Ÿ igys rhfy;ksa esa ls rhfy;k¡ fudkyuh gSaA
Ÿ ftruh rhfy;k¡ gSa] muls vxj T+;knk rhfy;k¡ gesa
fudkyuh gksa rks ge ,d caMy [kksy ysaxsA
9
 xq.kk dh vo/kj.kk

|||| |||| |||| 5&6 cPpksa dk lewg 'kwU; okyh

4 rhfy;ksa dk lewg 3 ckj cuk;k vkSj lHkh dks la[;kvksa ds
4 X 3 = 12 12&12 rhfy;k¡ nha lkFk xq.kk 20 X 3 = 60

||| ||| ||| |||

3 rhfy;ksa dk lewg 4 ckj 'kwU; dks
NksM+dj 200 X 3 = 600
3 X 4 = 12
la[;kvksa dh
xq.kk djuk
o xq.kuQy
ds lkFk nkbZa
|||||| |||||| izR;sd lewg dks rhfy;ksa vksj lHkh 340 X 20 = 6800
dh leku la[;k ls
6 rhfy;ksa dk lewg 2 ckj vyx&vyx lewg cukus 'kwU; fy[kuk
6 X 2 = 12 dks dgsa

lh<+h i)fr }kjk igkM+s

dhs le>
2 2
1
4

2X4=8 2X1=2

2 2
2
3
ftldk igkM+k mruh
2X3=6 2X2=4
[kM+h ykbu
ftruh ckj igkM+k mruh
iM+h ykbu

10
 Hkkx dh vo/kj.kk
5&6 cPpksa dk lewg
cuk;k lHkh dks
18÷3 =6 3 yksxksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vuk 18&18 rhfy;k¡ nha 2 yksxksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vuk
|||||| |||||| |||||| 18÷2 =9
||||||||| |||||||||
Hkkx dh vo/kkj.kk
18÷6 =3
6 yksxksa esa cjkcj c¡aVuk 9 yksxksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vuk 18÷9 =2
||| ||| ||| ||| ||| ||| cjkcj&cjkcj || || || || || || || || ||
ck¡Vus ds lEcU/k
dks » ls fn[kkrs gSa
cjkcj&cjkcj
ck¡Vus ij 'ks"k Hkh
cprk gS 7 yksxksa esa
cjkcj ck¡Vus
ij
|| || || || || || ||
|||| rhfy;k¡ 'ks"k

4½ vU; n{krkvksa dh xfrfof/k;k¡

?kj ls Ldwy dh nwjh\ njokts dh yEckbZ

di] dVksjh ;k dSls ekisaxs\
fxykl ls eki
uy ls ,d ckYVh ikuh fcÙkk ;k
Hkjus esa yxk le;\ vaxqyh ls eki dneksa ls
lkbfdy dh Å¡pkbZ\
nwjh /kkxs ;k
Qhrs ls eki
?kj ds lHkh yksxksa ds fy,
fdruk pkoy idkuk gS\ pwM+h dh xksykbZ\

vkd`fr;ksa ls ifjp;
cPpksa ls dkx+t+ dks eksM+dj ;k dkVdj vkd`fr;k¡ cukus dks dgsaA
mu vkd`fr;ksa ds uke rFkk oxhZdj.k ij rdZ lfgr ppkZ dh tk,A
vkd`fr dks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ck¡VukA

fdlh oLrq ;k vkd`fr dks vyx&vyx rjhd+s ls cjkcj&cjkcj Hkkx djds ns[kukA
11
 xf.kr funsZf'kdk
¼Lrj&2½

f'k{kdksa ds fy,
ge vDlj ns[krs gSa fd 6Bh] 7oha vkSj vkBoha d{kk ds cgqr lkjs cPps lk/kkj.k xf.kr dh fØ;k,¡]
tSls&tksM+] ?kVko] xq.kk vkSj Hkkx djus esa dfBukbZ eglwl djrs gSa tks fd vkxs dh vo/kkj.kkvksa dks
le>us esa #dkoV curh gSA T+;knk lEHkkouk gS fd bl dksfoM 19 ds nkSjku ;s eqf'dysa vkSj Hkh c<+
xbZ gksaxhA vr% geus bu cPpksa esa xf.kr dh cqfu;knh dkS'kyksa dks et+cwrh çnku djus dh igy dh
gSA bu cPpksa ds lkFk lh[kus&fl[kkus dk dk;Z bl çdkj fd;k tk, rkfd de le; esa os bu
vk/kkjHkwr n{krkvksa dks cM+h lgtrk vkSj vkRefo'okl ds lkFk çkIr dj ysaA d{kk esa xf.krh;
vo/kkj.kkvksa dh le> fodflr djus ds fy, cPpksa ds lkFk T+;knk ls T+;knk ckrphr djsa vkSj fuEu
fcUnqvksa dk [+;ky j[ksaA

Ÿ cPpksa dks cksyus dk ekSd+k Ÿ blls cPpksa esa rdZ vkSj

nsaA x+yr&lgh lHkh rjg ds vius vuqHkoksa ls fdlh Hkh
tokc ij rdZ t+:j iwNsaA vo/kkj.kk dks vPNs ls
NksVs&NksVs ç'u iwNrs gq, le>us esa enn feysxhA
mudh enn djsaA

Ÿ igys cPpksa dh fopkj çfØ;k Ÿ gj lIrkg vyx&vyx

¼thought process½ dks vo/kkj.kkvksa ij dke djus dh
le>sa vkSj fQj rdZ ds lkFk t+:jr gSA izR;sd vo/kkj.kk
leL;k ds lek/kku ij ds fy, 6 fnu fu/kkZfjr fd,
ckrphr djsaA x, gSa rkfd cPps Q+ksdl
rjhd+s ls lHkh vo/kkj.kkvksa dks
vPNh rjg ls le> ldsaA

mijksä lkjh xfrfof/k;ksa esa ^deky ¼CAMaL – Combined Activities for Maximised
Learning½* dk /;ku t+:j j[ksaA blds vUrxZr lquuk] cksyuk] i<+uk] djuk vkSj fy[kuk lkjh
fØ;k,¡ ,d lkFk gksrh gSaA bls ge TaRL ;kuh Teaching at the Right Level Hkh dgrs gSaA
12
bl funsZf'kdk ds vykok ^gekjk xf.kr* uke ls çR;sd NksVs lewg ds fy, odZ'khV dh ,d
iqfLrdk Hkh nh tk jgh gSA çR;sd vo/kkj.kk ¼Concept½ ds fy, bldh :ijs[kk bl çdkj gS%

vo/kkj.kk dh le> NksVs lewg esa ppkZ djds odZ'khV

fnu 1 ¼Conceptual understanding½ gy djus ds fy, dgsaA
fnu 2 vkafdd ¼Numeric½ vkSj 'kkfCnd odZ'khV ls lokyksa dks NksVs lewg esa
fnu 3 loky ¼Word problems½ ppkZ djds gy djus ds fy, dgsaA

fnu 4 fotqvy odZ'khV ¼Visual NksVs lewg esa ppkZ djds gy djus
worksheet½ ds fy, dgsaA
fnu 5 Fun Activities vkSj Project NksVs lewg esa odZ'khV ls iwjk djus ds
work fy, dgsaA
vkdyu odZ'khV ¼Assessment 1-O;fäxr :i ls Assessment
worksheet½ worksheet dks gy djus vkSj fQj
fnu 6 NksVs lewg esa muij ppkZ djus ds
fy, dgsaA
2-lkFk gh Project work ij Q+hMcSd
nsaA

/;ku j[ksa

Ÿ çR;sd fnu NksVs lewg esa ^gekjk xf.kr*

Ÿ bl funsZf'kdk esa dqy 11 vo/kkj.kkvksa
odZ'khV nsus ls igys cM+s lewg esa ml
¼Concepts½ ij ckrphr dh xbZ gS fnu dh odZ'khV ls lacaf/kr fo"k;&oLrq
ftuesa ls çR;sd ds fy, 6 fnu dk dk;Z ij xf.kr laca/kh ckrphr ds lkFk
fnol ¼Working days½ fu/kkZfjr gSA vH;kl dk;Z t+:j djsaA

Ÿ NksVs lewg esa dke gksus ds ckn vyx&vyx

Ÿ ^gekjk xf.kr* esa blds vfrfjä
lewgksa ds cPps dks dksbZ u dksbZ loky fnuksa ds fy, dqN vU; xf.krh;
O;fäxr :i ls t+:j iwNsaA tSls&;fn xfrfof/k;k¡ Hkh lfEefyr dh xbZ gSaA
lewg esa LFkkuh; eku ls lacaf/kr dksbZ dk;Z
fd;k x;k gS rks ogk¡ vki dksbZ la[;k nsrs
gq, fdlh vad dk LFkkuh; eku iwNsaA

gesa iw.kZ vk'kk gS fd gekjs fç; f'k{kdx.k cPpksa esa vHkwriw.kZ çxfr ykus esa t+:j
lQy gksaxsA

13
 yf{kr lewg

d{kk 6] 7 vkSj 8 ds oSls cPps tks nks vadksa dh la[;kvksa esa gkfly okys ?kVko dj ldrs gSaA

y{;

bl dk;ZØe ds vUr rd lHkh cPps%

Ÿ ,d yk[k rd dh la[;kvksa dks LFkkuh;eku ds lkFk igpku ldsa vkSj muesa rqyuk dj ldsaA

Ÿ pkj vadksa dh la[;kvksa ds lkFk tksM+ vkSj ?kVko ds gkfly okys 'kkfCnd lokyksa dks gy dj ldsaA

Ÿ pkj vadksa dh la[;kvksa esa nks vadksa dh la[;k ls xq.kk vkSj rhu vadksa dh la[;k dks ,d vad ls Hkkx

dj ldsaA

Ÿ yEckbZ] ot+u] vk;ru] le;] eqæk] {ks=Qy ,oa ifjeki dk ekiu ,oa vuqeku dj ldsaA

Ÿ xq.kt o xq.ku[k.M dh le> fodflr dj ldsaA

Ÿ izfr'kr] lk/kkj.k C;kt vkSj NwV dk vius nSfud thou esa mi;ksx dj ldsaA

Ÿ vk—fr;ksa o dks.kksa dh igpku dj ldsaA

Ÿ leku gj okys fHkUuksa esa rqyuk rFkk tksM+ vkSj ?kVko dj ldsaA

Ÿ vk¡dM+ksa dks le>sa vkSj muds ckjs esa crk ldsaA

14
 fo"k;&lwph ¼Content½

vo/kkj.kk,¡ ¼Concepts½ i`"B la[;k ¼Page No.½

1- la[;k igpku ¼Number Recognition½ 17&26

2- tksM+ vkSj ?kVko ¼Addition and Subtraction½ 27&28

3- xq.kk ¼Multiplication½ 29

4- Hkkx ¼Division½ 30&31

5- ekiu ,oa vuqeku ¼Measurement and Estimation½ 32&33

6- xq.kt vkSj xq.ku[k.M ¼Multiples and Factors½ 34&38

7- çfr'kr] lk/kkj.k C;kt vkSj NwV

¼Percent, Simple Interest and Discount½ 39

8- vk—fr;k¡ vkSj dks.k ¼Shapes and Angles½ 40

9- fHkUu ¼Fractions½ 41&44

10- {ks=Qy vkSj ifjeki ¼Area and Perimeter½ 45&49

11- vk¡dM+k çca/ku ¼Data Handling½ 50

çR;sd lIrkg ¼Week½ vyx vo/kkj.kk ij dke djus gSaA

15
 jkst+kuk dh tkus okyh xfrfof/k;k¡

xfrfof/k;k¡ d{kk lapkyu le;

A) xf.kr laca/kh ckrphr vkSj

vo/kkj.kk laca/kh dk;Z cM+s lewg esa 25 feuV

B) ^gekjk xf.kr* odZ'khV ij

NksVs lewg esa 30 feuV
dk;Z
c) odZ'khV dh leh{kk cM+s lewg esa 15 feuV

bl funsZf'kdk esa fdlh Hkh vo/kkj.kk ¼Concept½ ij ,d ls vf/kd xfrfof/k;k¡ nh xbZ gSaA vr%
jkst+kuk dh tkusokyh xfrfof/k;ksa ds le; ds vuqlkj mu xfrfof/k;ksa dks 6 fnuksa esa t+:j iwjk
dj ysa D;ksafd izR;sd vo/kkj.kk ds fy, dsoy 6 dk;Z fnol gh fu/kkZfjr gSA ;g /;ku j[ksa fd
izR;sd vo/kkj.kk ls lacaf/kr vyx&vyx fo"k;&oLrq ij jkst+kuk xf.kr laca/kh ckrphr t:j
gksxh A

xf.kr laca/kh ckrphr] D;ksa\

(Why Mathematical Discussion)

Ÿ ge tc cPpksa ls xf.kr lacaf/kr ckrphr djrs gSa rks mudh f>>d nwj gksrh gS vkSj os viuh
ckrksa dks [kqydj lkeus j[kus yxrs gSa vkSj mudk rdZ Hkh nsrs gSaA
Ÿ os vius nSfud thou ds vuqHkoksa dks xf.kr ls tksM+dj xf.kr dk vkuUn ysus yxrs gSaA
Ÿ os vyx&vyx lUnHkksaZ ¼Contexts½ds ckjs esa ckr djrs gSa vkSj viuk tokc Hkh vyx&vyx
rjhd+s ls nsrs gSaA lkFk gh] vius mÙkj dh iqf"V ds fy, rdZ Hkh nsrs gSa A
Ÿ cPpksa ds fopkjksa dks tkudj f'k{kd }kjk mUgsa xf.kr ls tksM+uk] xf.kr dh vo/kkj.kkvksa
¼Concepts½ dks jpukRed rjhd+s ls çLrqr djuk] cPpksa dks xf.kr dh tknwxjh dk vglkl
djkuk bR;kfn bl xf.krh; ppkZ ls laHko gks ikrk gSA
Ÿ blh mís'; ls bl funsZf'kdk esa dqN lq>kokRed ekSf[kd ppkZ ¼Oral Discussion½ ds fcUnq
fn, x, gSaA
çR;sd vo/kkj.kk ¼Concept½ ls iwoZ bl rjg dh ckrphr cPpksa ds lkFk t+:j djsaA blls cPpksa
esa vo/kkj.kkRed lksp ds lkFk&lkFk xf.kr ds çfr #fp Hkh c<+sxhA

16
 1- la[;k igpku
A (Number Recognition)

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
Ÿ f'k{kd cPpksa dks ^vkt dh la[;k* cksysa] tSls&24
Ÿ vkt dh la[;k* tks Hkh gksxh mls cPpksa dks tksM+] ?kVk] xq.kk] Hkkx vkSj jkseu la[;k vkfn }kjk
ykus dks dgsaA
Ÿ ;g Hkh iwNsa] ;g la[;k le ¼even½ gS ;k fo"ke ¼odd½\
Ÿ ;g la[;k fdl&fdl igkM+s esa vkrh gS\ tSls& 2] 3] 4] 6] 8 vkSj 12 ds igkM+ksa esa la[;k 24
vkrh gSA
blh çdkj f'k{kd vU; la[;kvksa dk mi;ksx djds cPpksa ds lkFk ppkZ dj ldrs gSaA
XXIV

6x4 20 + 4
24

30 - 6 8x3
48 ÷ 2

uhps nh xbZ xfrfof/k;ksa esa ls jkst+kuk dksbZ ,d xfrfof/k Øe ¼order½ ls djk,¡A fdlh Hkh
xfrfof/k dh iwjh le> cukus ds ckn gh vxyh xfrfof/k djk,¡A cPpksa ds lh[kus dh xfr
vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj le; fu/kkZfjr djsaA

1-1½ foLrkj lkj.kh okpu

17
Ÿ f'k{kd foLrkj lkj.kh ds Åij okyh ykbu ¼1] 10] 100]1000] ------½ cksyrs gq, CySdcksMZ ij
fy[ksaA
Ÿ blds ckn dqN cPpksa dks ckjh&ckjh cqykdj çR;sd d‚ye dh la[;k cksyrs gq, ,d lh/k esa
Åij ls uhps dh vksj fy[kus dks dgsaA
Ÿ f'k{kd cM+s lewg esa Li"V mPpkj.k ds lkFk la[;k i<+dj lquk,¡A cPps flQZ ns[ksa vkSj lqusaA
ihNs&ihNs nksgjk,¡ ughaA
Ÿ ^vc esjs tSlk dkSu i<+sxk\* ,slk dgdj vyx&vyx 3&4 cPpksa dks i<+us dk ekSd+k nsa vkSj
i<+us ds ckn mUgsa 'kkck'kh Hkh nsaA
Ÿ 5&6 cPpksa ds NksVs&NksVs lewg cukdj çR;sd lewg ds cPpksa dks fdlh ,d la[;k dkMZ ls
foLrkj lkj.kh pkVZ dks i<+us ds fy, dgsaA
uksV% vyx&vyx rjhd+s ls i<+us ds fy, dgsaA blds fy, dqN mnkgj.k uhps fn, x, gSaA

1-2½ iSVuZ esa i<+uk

Åij ls uhps% ,d] nks] ------] ukS] nl] chl] ---------] uCcs
nk,¡ ls ck,¡% ,d] nl] ,d lkS] ,d gt+kj] -------- ,d yk[k] ------- ,d djksM+
fdrus 'kwU;] dkSu&lh la[;k% ,d] ,d ds ckn ,d 'kwU; nl ------- ,d ds ckn ik¡p 'kwU; ,d
yk[k

1-3½ fdruh ckj\

Ÿ nl ,d ckj nl] nl nks ckj chl] ---- nl ukS ckj uCcs

Ÿ ,d gtkj ,d ckj ,d gt+kj] ,d gt+kj nks ckj nks gt+kj---- ,d gt+kj ukS ckj ukS gt+kj

Ÿ bdkbZ] ngkbZ] lSdM+k esa% ,d ngkbZ nl ------ nks ngkbZ chl ---- ukS ngkbZ uCcs----- ,d lSdM+k ,d

lkS ------ nks lSdM+़k nks lkS ------ ukS lSdM+k ukS lkS

18
1-4½ euilan la[;k pqusa

cPpksa dks ckjh&ckjh lkj.kh esa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d euilan la[;k pquus dks dgsa vkSj ml ij
ckrphr djsa] tSls& 6]000 esa fdrus vad gSa\ fdrus 'kwU; gSa\ d‚ek dgk¡ ij yxk gqvk gS\

1-5½ foLrkj lkj.kh ls la[;k cuk,¡

3&4 cPpksa dks cqyk,¡ vkSj mUgsa ckjh&ckjh foLrkj lkj.kh ls viuh euilan la[;k pqudj CySdcksMZ
ij Åij&uhps fy[kus dks dgsaA euilan la[;k pquus ds fy, cPpksa dks funsZ'k nsa &
foLrkj lkj.kh ds fdlh Hkh LrEHk ¼Column½ ls dsoy ,d gh la[;k pquh tk,xhA nwljs
cPps vU; fdlh LrEHk dh la[;k pqusaxsA
vc bu la[;kvksa dks tksM+dj cuus okyh la[;k dks i<+us ds fy, dgsa] tSls&

g0 l0 n0 b0
7 0 0 0
blh rjg ls vyx&vyx
+ 5 0 0 cPpksa dks cqykdj ;g
+ 3 0
+ 7 xfrfof/k djk,¡A
7 5 3 7
lkr gt+kj ik¡p lkS lSarhl

1-6½ djsUlh uksVksa ij ppkZ

lcls igys djsUlh uksVksa ij ckrphr djrs gq, 1 ds uksV dks bdkbZ] 10 ds uksV
dks ngkbZ] 100 ds uksV dks lSdM+k vkfn ds ckjs esa crk,¡A blds ckn cPpksa ls
gj çdkj ds uksVksa rFkk muds [kqYys djus ds ckjs esa ckrphr djsa] tSls&100
#i;s ds ,d uksV esa 10 #i;s ds fdrus uksV gksaxs\ 1]000 #i;s ds ,d uksV esa 100 #i;s ds fdrus
uksV gksaxs\ bR;kfnA

19
1-7½ djsUlh uksVksa ij ckrphr dj la[;k igpku

cPpksa ls iwNsa] 3]427 #i;s ds fy, dkSu&dkSu ls uksV ysaxs vkSj fdrus\ vc Ýse
ij ppkZ djrs gq, Ýse cuk,¡ vkSj fdlh cPps ls mu uksVksa dh la[;k dks Ýse esa
fy[kus dks dgsaA lHkh cPpksa ls iwNsa] Þ;g dkSu&lh la[;k cuh\ß fQj iwNsa]
^^gtkj ds 3 uksV eryc fdrus #i;s\**
tokc vkus ds ckn dgsa] Þ;gk¡ 3]427 esa 3]000 rks fn[krk gh ugha gS] pfy, bls
djds ns[krs gSaAß blds fy, 1-8 dh xfrfof/k djk,¡A

1-8½ LFkkuh; eku] vafdr eku] foLrkfjr :i

vc 3]427 ds gj ,d uksV ds eku ds ckjs esa ckjh&ckjh iwNsa vkSj mls fp= esa rhj
dk fpà yxkrs gq, fn[kk,¡A blds ckn fuEufyf[kr çdkj ls vadksa ds LFkku]
LFkkuh; eku] vafdr eku vkSj la[;k ds foLrkfjr :i ds ckjs esa crk,¡ rFkk
vyx&vyx la[;k dks ysdj vH;kl djk,¡A
3]427 dk foLrkfjr :i ¾ 3]000 + 400 + 20 + 7

1-9½ [k.M ¼ihfj;M½ dk deky 5]123 ik¡p gt+kj ,d lkS rsbZl

12]234 ckjg gt+kj nks lkS pkSarhl
cPpksa ls iwNsa] Þvxj vkidks cM+h ls cM+h la[;k tYnh ls 3]45]429 rhu yk[k iSarkyhl
i<+uk&fy[kuk gks rks blds fy, vki D;k djsaxs\ß gt+kj pkj lkS murhl
6]04]38]305 Ng djksM+ pkj yk[k
vM+rhl gt+kj rhu lkS ik¡p

20
tokc vkus ds ckn mUgsa crk,¡] fdlh cM+h la[;k dks vklkuh ls i<+us&fy[kus ds fy, tc mls
NksVs&NksVs lewgksa esa ck¡Vdj d‚ek ¼]½ yxk;k tkrk gS rks bu NksVs lewgksa dks [k.M dgk tkrk gSA
gj ,d [k.M dk uke vyx gksrk gS] tSls&bdkbZ] gtkj] yk[k] djksM+] vkfnA la[;kvksa dks [k.M esa
ck¡Vus dh nks vyx&vyx i)fr gSa& ,d jk"Vªh; i)fr ¼National System½ vkSj nwljh
vUrjkZ"Vªh; i)fr ¼International System½ ;gk¡ ij ge dsoy jk"Vªh; i)fr dh ckr dj jgs gSaA
uksV% varjkZ"Vªh; i)fr esa 3]45]429 dks 345]429 fy[kk tkrk gS vkSj rhu lkS iSarkyhl
gt+kj pkj lkS murhl i<+k tkrk gSA

1-10½ tSlk lqusa] oSlk fy[ksa

blds fy, lcls igys dksbZ la[;k /;ku ls lqusa vkSj mlh ds vuqlkj ckbZa ls nkbZa vksj la[;k
fy[kuk 'kq: djsaA gj ,d [k.M dks iwjk djrs gq, bdkbZ ds [k.M rd igq¡puk gSA fdlh Hkh [k.M
esa tks la[;k lqukbZ ugha nsxh ogk¡ 'kwU; fy[ksa vkSj lkFk&lkFk d‚ek ¼]½ yxkrs tk,¡A
uhps fn, x, mnkgj.k esa Step 2 ¼pj.k 2½ esa gt+kj ds [k.M esa nl gt+kj dh txg dqN lqukbZ
ugha ns jgk gS blfy, mlds LFkku ij 'kwU; fy[kk x;k gSA blh rjg Step 3 ¼pj.k 3½ esa lSdM+k
ds LFkku ij dqN ugha lqukbZ ns jgk gS blfy, ogk¡ 'kwU; fy[kk x;k gSA
mnkgj.k% ik¡p yk[k rhu gt+kj rsjg
Step 1 ¼pj.k 1½ : 5, vUr esa nkbZa rjQ ls bdkbZ] ngkbZ] lSdM+k vkfn i<+rs gq,
Step 2 ¼pj.k 2½ : 5,03, tk¡p dj ysa fd vkius tks la[;k lquh Fkh mls lgh&lgh
Step 3 ¼pj.k 3½ : 5,03,013 fy[kk ;k ughaA x+yr gksus ij lgh djsaA

1-11½ la[;k vkSj la[;k uke

Ÿ NksVs&NksVs lewgksa esa cPpksa dks funsZ'k nsa] ^^çR;sd lewg ls gj ,d cPpk ckjh&ckjh dksbZ ,d
la[;k cksys vkSj og la[;k vadksa vkSj 'kCnksa esa fy[ksA
Ÿ lHkh la[;kvksa dks fy[k ysus ds ckn vius&vius lewg esa ppkZ djs vkSj gj ,d la[;k dks
Bhd djsA**
Ÿ vxys fnu bu lewgksa esa la[;k vkSj la[;k uke dh çfr;ksfxrk djok,¡] tSls & ,d lewg
nwljs lewg dks cksys fd ik¡p lkS vkB dks vadksa esa fy[kdj fn[kk,¡A blh rjg ls nwljs lewg
igys lewg dks cksysA

21
 1-12½ Bhd igys] Bhd ckn vkSj chp dh la[;k

Ÿ NksVs&NksVs lewgksa esa cPpksa dks funsZ'k nsa] ^^çR;sd lewg dk gj ,d cPpk ckjh&ckjh dksbZ ,d
la[;k cksys vkSj ml la[;k dks fy[k dj mlds Bhd igys vkSj Bhd ckn dh la[;k fy[ksA
Ÿ lHkh la[;kvksa dks fy[k ysus ds ckn vius&vius lewgksa esa ppkZ djsa vkSj gj ,d la[;k dks Bhd
djsaA**
Ÿ vxys fnu bu lewgksa esa Bhd igys] Bhd ckn vkSj chp dh la[;k dh çfr;ksfxrk djok,¡] tSls&
,d lewg nwljs lewg ls iwNs fd 329 ds Bhd igys dkSu&lh la[;k gksxh\ blh rjg ls nwljs
lewg igys lewg ls iwNsA

1-13½ dkSu cM+k] dkSu NksVk o dkSu cjkcj ¼>,<,=½

Ÿ lcls igys cM+s lewg esa ckjh&ckjh fuEu rjhd+s ls vadksa dh la[;k T+;knk gksus] de gksus] cjkcj
gksus rFkk vadksa dh la[;k vkSj vad nksuksa cjkcj gksus dh fLFkfr esa cPpksa ls ckrphr djsaA
Ÿ ckrphr ds nkSjku cPpksa ls gh fudydj vk tk,xk fd ftl la[;k esa vad T+;knk gksrk gS og
la[;k cM+h gksrh gSA vadksa dh la[;k cjkcj gksus ij lcls cM+h bdkbZ dh rqyuk djus ls irk
py tkrk gS fd dkSu&lh la[;k cM+h gSA
Ÿ vadksa dh la[;k gksus dh fLFkfr esa muls Bhd igys okys vad dh rqyuk djrs gSaA

;fn cPps ugha crk ikrs gSa rks mUgsa Lo;a crk,¡A

vad T+;knk gksus ij vad de gksus ij vadksa dh la[;k vadksa dh la[;k vkSj
cjkcj gksus ij vad cjkcj gksus ij
3]201 > 876 926 < 1]000 624 > 390 758 < 786
6]400 > 999 873 < 2]324 536 < 846 453 > 451
843 > 695 639 = 639

22
1-14½ vkjksgh Øe ¼Ascending order½

Ÿ lcls igys CySdcksMZ ij dksbZ pkj la[;k fy[ksaA gj ,d la[;k ds fy, cPpksa ls iwNrs tk,¡ fd

eSaus dkSu&lh la[;k fy[kh gS\ vc iwNsa fd buesa ls lcls NksVh la[;k dkSu&lh gS\ lcls NksVh
la[;k dks vyx ls fy[k nsaA fQj iwNsa fd cph gqbZ la[;kvksa esa lcls NksVh la[;k dkSu&lh gS\
vc bl la[;k dks igys fy[kh gqbZ la[;k dh nkbZa rjQ d‚ek yxk dj fy[k nsaA

Ÿ blh rjg ls 'ks"k cph gqbZ la[;kvksa ds fy, Hkh djsaA vc cPpksa ls iwNsa] ßgeus D;k fd;k\Þ dqN

cPps crk ldrs gSa] ^^vkius bUgsa NksVs ls cM+s ds Øe esa yxk;k gSAÞ vxj dksbZ cPpk ugha crkrk
gS rks vki crk,¡A

Ÿ blds ckn cPpksa ls iwNsa] ÞNksVs ls cM+s ds Øe esa yxkus dks dkSu&lk Øe cksyrs gSa\** cPpksa }kjk

ugha crkus ij vki Lo;a crk,¡] ^^,sls Øe dks vkjksgh Øe ¼ascending order½ dgrs gSaA** fQj
mUgsa fpà ¼<½ds lkFk Hkh fy[kdj crk,¡A

Ÿ ,sls gh dqN vkSj la[;k,¡ fy[kokdj cPpksa dks viuh&viuh d‚ih esa vkjksgh Øe esa yxkus dk

vH;kl djk,¡A fdlh cPps dks cqykdj CySdcksMZ ij mu la[;kvksa dks vkjksgh Øe esa yxok,¡
vkSj lHkh cPpksa dks Lo;a tk¡p djus dks dgsaA

Ÿ blds ckn NksVs&NksVs lewgksa esa cPpksa dks funsZ'k nsaA lewg dk çR;sd cPpk ckjh&ckjh ,d la[;k

cksysxk vkSj lc mu la[;kvksa dks viuh&viuh d‚ih esa fy[ksa vkSj fQj mUgsa vkjksgh Øe esa
yxk,¡A f'k{kd bl nkSjku lHkh lewgksa esa ckjh&ckjh tk,¡ vkSj t+:jr ds vuqlkj mudh enn
djsaA blds ckn dqN la[;k,¡ CySdcksMZ ij fy[kdj dqN cPpksa ls O;fäxr :i ls Hkh iwNsaA

545] 384] 720] 641 dks vkjksgh Øe esa ltkus ij]

384] 545] 641] 720]
;k
384 < 545 < 641 < 720

23
1-15½ vojksgh Øe ¼Descending order½

vkjksgh Øe dh gh rjg cM+s ls NksVs dh ckr djds vojksgh Øe ¼descending order½ dks Li"V
djsaA
545] 384] 720] 641 dks vojksgh Øe esa ltkus ij]
720] 641] 545] 384 ;k 720 > 641 > 545 > 384

1-16½ iSVuZ dh le>

lcls igys iSVuZ ds dqN loky CySdcksMZ ij fy[ksa vkSj cPpksa ls dgsa fd buesa la[;k,¡ dksbZ ,d
fuf'pr fu;e ls vkxs c<+ jgh gSaA fu;e dk irk djds crkb, fd vxyh la[;k D;k gksxh\
vxj cPps ugha crk ik,¡ rks mUgsa fu;e crk nsa vkSj iwNsa fd vc crkb, vxyh la[;k dkSu&lh
gksxh\ blh rjg ls vyx&vyx iSVuZ dk vH;kl djk,¡A vxys 2&3 fnu cPpksa dks vius lewg
esa Lo;a iSVuZ ds dqN loky fy[kus ds fy, dgsa vkSj lewgksa ds chp çfr;ksfxrk djok,¡A
1] 3] 5] 7] 9] -----------
3] 8] 13] 18] 23] ----------
46] 43] 40] 37] 34 ----------

1-17½ la[;k fuekZ.k ¼Number formation½

dqN vad CySdcksMZ ij fy[kdj çR;sd NksVs lewg dks nks] rhu] pkj] ik¡p ;k Ng vadksa dh lHkh
la[;k,¡ fy[kus ds fy, dgsaA
Ÿ fQj] gj ,d lewg ls ckjh&ckjh iwNsa fd fdlus fdruh vkSj dkSu&dkSu lh la[;k,¡ fy[kh gSa\
Ÿ bl nkSjku vU; lewgksa ls budh la[;kvksa dh tk¡p djrs jgus ds fy, dgsaA
vad 3] 8] 5 ls rhu vadksa dh cuus okyh lHkh la[;k,¡A
385 358 835 853 538 583

24
 vad 5] 4] 0] 3 ls rhu vadksa dh cuus okyh lHkh la[;k,¡A
540 543 503 504 534 530
450 453 403 405 435 430
354 350 345 340 305 304
blds vykok fuEufyf[kr ç'u Hkh gj ,d lewg esa ckjh&ckjh iwNsa%
Ÿ ,d vad dh lcls cM+h la[;k dkSu&lh gS\ ,d vad dh lcls NksVh la[;k dkSu&lh gS\

Ÿ lcls cM+k vad dkSu&lk gS\ lcls NksVk vad dkSu&lk gS\

Ÿ rhu vadksa dh lcls cM+h la[;k dkSu&lh gS\ rhu vadksa dh lcls NksVh la[;k dkSu&lh gS\

Ÿ fxurh esa dqy fdruh la[;k,¡ gksrh gSa\ pkj vadksa okyh dqy fdruh la[;k,¡ gksrh gSa\

Ÿ fxurh esa vkus okyh lcls NksVh la[;k D;k gS\ fxurh esa ls dkSu&dkSu lh la[;k,¡ le

¼even½ gSa vkSj dkSu&dkSu lh fo"ke ¼odd½\ dkSu&dkSu lh la[;k HkkT; ¼Composite½ gS vkSj
dkSu&dkSu lh vHkkT; ¼prime½\

uksV% https://www.prathamopenschool.org/catalog/contents/47bccc36-6995-4fc8-972d-30c563a65834
la[;k igpku dk [ksy [ksyus vkSj ohfM;ks ns[kus ds fy, y‚x bu djsaA

25
 'kkfCnd lokyksa ¼Word Problems½ ds fy, /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa

Ÿ jkst+kuk tksM+] ?kVko] xq.kk vkSj Hkkx ds dksbZ nks 'kkfCnd loky ekSf[kd iwNsaA lkFk gh rdZ Hkh iwNsa
fd tksM+@[email protected]@Hkkx gh D;ksa fd;k\
Ÿ jkst+kuk tksM+] ?kVko] xq.kk vkSj Hkkx ds dksbZ ,d 'kkfCnd loky fyf[kr :i ls gy djk,¡A ¼gj
,d lafØ;k igys [+kqn djds fn[kk,¡ vkSj fQj cPpksa dks NksVs&NksVs lewgksa esa gy djus ds fy,
nsaA½
Ÿ gj ,d 'kkfCnd loky dks fyf[kr :i esa gy djus ls igys ;s pkj ç'u t:j iwNsa&

loky esa D;k tkudkjh nh xbZ gS\

D;k iwNk x;k gS\

blds fy, D;k djuk gksxk\

bl loky esa tksM+@[email protected]@Hkkx gh D;ksa djuk gksxk\

;fn cPps ^D;ksa* okys ç'u dk tokc ugha ns ik jgs gksa rks muls iwNsa fd ;gk¡ c<+us dh ckr gks
jgh gS ;k de gksus dh\ fQj iwNsa] c<+us ij ge dkSu&lh xf.krh; fØ;k djrs gSa vkSj de
gksus ij dkSu&lh\ cPps fQj Hkh tokc ugha nsrs gSa rks mUgsa crk,¡ fd c<+us ij ;k rks ge tksM+
djrs gSa ;k xq.kkA ysfdu] xq.kk rc gksrh gS tc ,d gh la[;k ds dbZ ckj vkus dh ckr gksrh
gSA blh rjg ls ?kVko vkSj Hkkx ds ckjs esa Hkh ckr djsaA

26
 2- tksM+ vkSj ?kVko ¼Addition and Subtraction½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
vkids tUefnu ij tc vkidks pkWdysV feyrh gS rks vki cgqr [kq'k gksrs gSa uk\
vkids tUefnu ij vkids ikik us vkidks 5 pkWdysV nhA FkksM+h nsj ckn vkids pkpk vkSj ekek Hkh
vk x, vkSj pkpk us vkidks 6 p‚dysV nh rFkk ekek us vkidks 4 pkWdysV nh rks vc crk,¡ vkids
ikl fdruh p‚dysV gks xbZa\
FkksM+h nsj ckn vkidh NksVh cgu vkbZ vkSj mlus vkils 7 p‚dysV ys yh rks vc crk,¡ vkids ikl
fdruh p‚dysV cpha\ bl rjg lHkh ds tokc dk rdZ Hkh iwNsaA

vc ckjh&ckjh fuEu çdkj ls tksM+ vkSj ?kVko ds ,d&,d 'kkfCnd loky cksyrs gq, CySdcksMZ ij
fy[ksa vkSj fQj fdlh cPps dks i<+us ds fy, dgsaA blds ckn 'kkfCnd loky ds fy, iwNs tkus okys
pkj ç'u iwNsa vkSj fQj #i;ksa dh ckrphr djrs gq, loky dks gy djds fn[kk,¡A

2-1½ tksM+ ¼Addition½%

ç'u% vafdr ds ikl 3]246 #i;s gSaA ;fn fç;k mls 2]875 #i;s vkSj nsrh gS rks vafdr ds ikl
fdrus #i;s gks tk,¡xs\

;k
1 1 1
gy% vafdr ds ikl dqy jkf'k ¾ 3]246 #i;s gt+kj lSdM+k ngkbZ bdkbZ
fç;k }kjk vafdr dks nh xbZ jkf'k ¾ 2]875 #i;s 3 2 4 6 #i;s
orZeku esa vafdr ds ikl dqy jkf'k ¾ 3]246 #i;s + 2]875 #i;s + 2 8 7 5 #i;s
¾ 6]121 #i;s 6 1 2 1 #i;s

27
 ;gk¡ f'k{kd uksVksa dh ckr djrs gq, crk,¡ fd 1 #i;k ds 6 uksV vkSj 5 uksV feykdj dqy 11
uksV gq,A ;kuh fd gekjs ikl 10 #i;s ds 1 uksV vkSj 1 #i;k ds 1 uksV gks x,A 10 #i;s ds 1
uksV ngkbZ okys ?kj esa pys x, vkSj 1 #i;k okyk 1 uksV bdkbZ ds ?kj esa jg x;kA blh rjg ls
vkxs ds uksVksa ds ckjs esa Hkh ckrphr djsaA

gy djus ds ckn f'k{kd v¡xqyh j[kdj bl çdkj i<+ dj fn[kk,¡% 3]246 esa 2]875 tksM+k rks 6]121
gqvkA vr% vafdr ds ikl 6]121 #i;s gks tk,¡xsA

2-2½ ?kVko ¼Subtraction½%

़
ç'u% 'kksHkk ds ikl 8]321 #i;s FksA mlus jtr dh nqdku ls 2]436 #i;s dk lkeku [kjhnkA
vc mlds ikl fdrus #i;s cps\

gy% 'kksHkk ds ikl dqy jkf'k ¾ 8]321 #i;s

़ dh xbZ jkf'k ¾ 2]436 #i;s
'kksHkk }kjk [kpZ
'kksHkk ds ikl cph jkf'k ¾ 8]321 #i;s & 2]436 #i;s ¾ 5]885 #i;s

;k
12 11
7 2 1 11
gtkj lSdM+k ngkbZ bdkbZ
8 3 2 1 ;gk¡ ij f'k{kd uksVksa dh enn ls [kqYys djus dh ckr djsaA
& 2 4 3 6
5 8 8 5

gy djus ds ckn f'k{kd v¡xqyh j[kdj bl çdkj i<+ dj fn[kk,¡ fd tc 8]321 esa 2]436
?kVk;k rks 5]885 çkIr gqvkA vr% 'kksHkk ds ikl 5]885 #i;s cpsA

uksV% cPpksa dks ;g u crk,¡ fd cM+h la[;k esa ls NksVh la[;k ?kVkuh gSA mUgsa crk,¡ fd t+:jr
ds vuqlkj ge cM+h bdkbZ esa ls ,d bdkbZ ysdj mls NksVh bdkbZ esa cny ysrs gSa] tSls% 1 ngkbZ
¾ 10 bdkbZ] 1 lSdM+k ¾ 10 ngkbZ] 1 gt+kj ¾ 10 lSdM+k bR;kfnA

28
 3- xq.kk ¼Multiplication½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
Ÿ vkius vc rd la[;kvksa dks tksM+uk vkSj ?kVkuk lh[kkA vkt ge yksx ,d [kkl rjg ds tksM+
ds ckjs esa ckrphr djsaxsA
Ÿ vPNk crkb,] vkidks eSaus 5 V‚Qh nh] fQj 5 V‚Qh vkidks A us nh] fQj B us Hkh 5] fQj C us Hkh
5] ------ ,sls iwjh d{kk ds cPpksa dks 'kkfey djrs tk,¡ vkSj Students mu V‚fQ;ksa dks Add djrs
tk,¡---------A
Ÿ ;fn lkjs Ldwy ds cPps vidks 5&5 V‚fQ;k¡ nsrs tk,¡ rks vki tksM+rs&tksM+rs Fkd tk,¡xsA
blds fy, ,d rjhdk gS&xq.kkA
lcls igys xq.kk dh vo/kkj.kk ij ckrphr djsaA bl le; 'kwU; okyh la[;k ds xq.kk ij
Hkh fuEufyf[kr çdkj ls ckrphr djsaA

10 $ 10 $ 10 $ 10 ¾ 40 ¾ 10 X 4
20 $ 20 $ 20 ¾ 60 ¾ 60 ¾ 20 X 3 cPpksa dks vc xq.kk okyh la[;kvksa vkSj
30 $ 30 $ 30 $ 30 $ 30 ¾ 150 ¾ 30 X 5 xq.kuQy esa iSVuZ <w¡<us ds fy, dgsaA
400 $ 400 ¾ 800 ¾ 800 ¾ 400 X 2
iSVuZ <w¡<us ds ckn cPpksa dks crk,¡ fd lcls nkbZa rjQ ds 'kwU; dks NksM+dj tks la[;k,¡ cprh gSa
mUgsa xq.kk dj ysa vkSj xq.kuQy dh nkbZa rjQ ftrus 'kwU; NksM+s Fks mrus 'kwU; yxk nsaA

़
ç'u% ,d deht+ dh d+her 324 #i;s gSA ,d nqdkunkj dks ,slh 63 deht+sa [kjhnuh gSA
़
crk,¡] deht+ dh [kjhnkjh ़ djus gksaxs\
ij mls dqy fdrus #i;s [kpZ

1 2
1
6 ngkbZ ¾ 60 -------- 1 1 2
3 2 4 3 bdkbZ ¾ 3 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 4
x 6 3 x 3 x 6 x 6 0
9 7 2 3 ls xq.kk 9 7 2 1 9 4 4 1 9 4 4 0
$ 1 9 4 4 0 60 ls xq.kk
{
{

2 0 4 1 2

़
vr% nqdkunkj dks deht+ dh [kjhnkjh ़ djus gksaxsA
ij dqy 20]412 #i;s [kpZ

29
 4- Hkkx ¼Division½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
fiNys rhu g¶+rksa esa geus la[;kvksa ,oa muds tksM+] ?kVko o xq.kk laca/kh ckrphr dh] muds ckjs esa
tkuk vkSj loky gy djuk lh[kkA D;k tksM+] ?kVko vkSj xq.kk ls ge la[;kvksa ls lacaf/kr lHkh
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ;k leL;kvksa dk gy fudky ldrs gSa\
Ÿ ;fn gesa 10 pht+sa 5 cPpksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vuh gks rks ge dSls djsaxs\
Ÿ ;fn gesa 100 pht+sa 4 cPpksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vuh gks rks lHkh dks fdruh feysaxh\
Ÿ igyh leL;k dk gy vkius vklkuh ls dj fy;kA dSls fd;k\ ¼lHkh cPpksa dks cksyus dk ekSd+k
nsaA½
Ÿ bl cjkcj ck¡Vus dks ^Hkkx* djuk dgrs gSaA bldk fu'kku ÷ ;k ½ ¼ ;k ) ( gksrk gSA

cM+h la[;kvksa dks Hkkx djus ds fy, D;k vki ekSf[kd :i ls gy dj ldrs gSa\
¼Hkkx djus dh fof/k fuEu çdkj ls lk>k dj ldrs gSa& cPpksa dh ;ksX;rk vuqlkj nks vadksa okyh
la[;k esa ,d vad ls ;k rhu vadksa okyh la[;k esa ,d vad ls½

30
lcls igys Hkkx dh vo/kkj.kk ij ckrphr djsaA fQj Hkkx dk dksbZ
872 #i;s dks 8
loky fy[kdj ml ij ppkZ djsa vkSj fuEufyf[kr çdkj ls xfrfof/k yksxksa esa cjkcj
djk,¡% ck¡Vus ls izR;sd dks
fdrus #i;s feysaxs\
Ÿ f'k{kd CySdcksMZ ij Ýse cuk,¡A 872 esa 8 lSdM+k] 7 ngkbZ vkSj 2
bdkbZ gSA bls Ýse esa fy[ksa vkSj 8 ls Hkkx nsaA
lSdM+k ngkbZ bdkbZ
Ÿ cPpksa ls iwNsa] lkS ds 8 uksVksa dks 8 yksxksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vus ls çR;sd 8½ 8 7 2
dks fdrus uksV feysaxs vkSj gekjs ikl ls fdrus uksV fudy tk,¡xs\
Ÿ tokc vkus ds ckn dgsa& vc ge 1 dks Åij lSdM+k ds uhps fy[krs lSdM+k ngkbZ bdkbZ
1
gSa vkSj 8 ds uhps 8 fy[kdj ?kVkrs gSaA 8½ 8 7 2
&8 8X1 ¾ 8
Ÿ cPpksa ls iwNsa] 10 #i;s ds 7 uksV gSa rks 8 yksxksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vus ls
çR;sd dks fdrus uksV feysaxs vkSj gekjs ikl ls fdrus uksV fudy
lSdM+k ngkbZ bdkbZ
tk,¡xs\ 1
8½ 8 7 2
Ÿ tokc vkus ds ckn dgsa& ge 10 #i;s ds ,d Hkh uksV ugha ns ik,¡xs &8
0 7
vkSj gekjs ikl ls ,d Hkh uksV ugha fudysaxs blfy, 0 dks Åij
ngkbZ ds uhps fy[krs gSa vkSj 7 ds uhps 0 fy[kdj ?kVkrs gSaA lSdM+k ngkbZ bdkbZ
1 0
8½ 8 7 2
Ÿ cPpksa ls iwNsa] 10 #i;s ds 7 uksV dks 1 #i;s okys uksVksa esa [kqYys &8
0 7
djus ls vc gekjs ikl 1 #i;s okys dqy fdrus uksV gks tk,¡xs\ & 0
7
Ÿ cPpksa ls dgsa] vc gekjs ikl 1 #i;s ds dqy 72 ¼70 $ 2½ uksV gks
x,A 72 fy[kus esa 7 ds nkbZa rjQ 2 fy[kk tkrk gS blfy, ge 7 ds lSdM+k ngkbZ bdkbZ
nkbZa rjQ 2 fy[k nsrs gSaA 1 0
8½ 8 7 2
&8
Ÿ cPpksa ls iwNsa] 1 #i;k ds 72 uksV dks 8 yksxksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vus ls 0 7
& 0
çR;sd dks fdrus uksV feysaxs vkSj gekjs ikl ls fdrus uksV fudy 7 2
tk,¡xs\
lSdM+k ngkbZ bdkbZ
Ÿ tokc vkus ds ckn dgsa] vc ge 9 dks Åij ngkbZ ds uhps fy[krs gSa 1 0 9
8½ 8 7 2
vkSj 72 ds uhps 72 fy[kdj ?kVkrs gSaA &8
0 7
& 0
Ÿ 872 #i;s dks 8 yksxksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vus ij çR;sd dks 109 #i;s 7 2
& 7 2
feysaxsA 0 0

31
 5- ekiu ,oa vuqeku ¼Measurement and Estimation½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
Ÿ ckrphr djrs gq, cPpksa ls iwNsa] Þpht+ksa dh yEckbZ] Å¡pkbZ] Hkkj vkfn dk ge fdl çdkj irk
yxkrs gSa\
Ÿ yEckbZ] Å¡pkbZ] Hkkj vkfn tkuus dh vko';drk@mi;ksfxrk D;ksa gksrh gS\

Ÿ vkidh ikuh dh cksry esa fdruk ikuh vkrk gS\

Ÿ bl le; vkidh cksry esa fdruk ikuh gS\

Ÿ Ldwy cSx dks mBkdj mlds ot+u dk vankt+k yxkus dks dgsaA

Ÿ cPpksa ls iwNsa fd yEckbZ] Å¡pkbZ] Hkkj vkfn dk irk yxkus ds fy, dkSu&lh ;wfuV bLrseky dh
tkrh gS\

Ÿ phtks़ a dh yEckbZ] Å¡pkbZ] ot+u vkfn dk vuqeku yxkus dks dgsa vkSj fQj blh çdkj okLrfod

:i ls ekius ds fy, Hkh dgsaA

fQj fuEu çdkj ls Non-Standardized Units ¼vekud bdkbZ;k¡½ ij Hkh ppkZ djsa] ftlls
Standard Units ¼ekud bdkbZ;k¡½ dh vko';drk eglwl dh tk ldsaA
4&5 cPpksa dks gkFk] fcÙkk ;k vaxqfy;ksa ls fdlh nhokj ;k est dh yEckbZ ekius ds fy, dgsaA ¼cs'kd
lHkh cPpksa ds eki vyx&vyx vk,¡xs D;ksafd lHkh ds gkFk] fcÙkk ;k vaxqfy;ksa dh yEckbZ
vyx&vyx gksaxh½ muls iwNsa] ÞD;k dkj.k gS fd lHkh ds }kjk fd;k x;k eki vyx&vyx gS\ß
lHkh cPpksa ls iwNsa] Þ,slk D;k fd;k tk, fd dksbZ Hkh O;fä fdlh oLrq dks ekis rks mldk eki ,d
leku vk,\ß cPpksa ds vyx&vyx tokc vk,¡xs tSls fd ydM+h ;k jLlh ls ekik tk,A cPpksa dks
crk,¡ fd blds fy, mUgsa okLrfod ekud eki dh t+:jr iM+sxhA bl çdkj vc cPpksa dks okLrfod
ekiu dh bdkb;ksa ds ckjs esa crk,¡A lkFk gh] ekiu dh NksVh cM+h bdkb;ksa dh Hkh tkudkjh nsaA ckn
esa bu ekud bdkb;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, vuqeku yxkus ij ckrphr djsa] tSls&vkidk ot+u]
yxHkx fdrus fdyksxzke gksxk\ dye dh yEckbZ yxHkx fdruh lsaVhehVj gksxh bR;kfnA
32
10 fefyehVj ¾ 1 lsUVhehVj
10 lsUVhehVj ¾ 1 MslhehVj 1 fdyksehVj ¾ 1]000 ehVj 1 yhVj ¾ 1]000 fefyyhVj

10 MslhehVj ¾ 1 ehVj 1 ehVj ¾ 100 lsUVhehVj 1 fdyksxzke ¾ 1]000 xzke

10 ehVj ¾ 1 MsdkehVj
10 MsdkehVj ¾ 1 gsDVksehVj 1 lsUVhehVj ¾ 10 fefyehVj 1 fdyksyhVj ¾ 1]000 yhVj
10 gsDVksehVj ¾ 1 fdyksehVj

¼cPpksa dks ;g Hkh crk,¡ fd yEckbZ] Hkkj] le;] /kkfjrk ¼rjy inkFkZ½] rkieku vkSj eqæk dks ekius ds
fy, vyx&vyx ek=d gksrs gSaA½

yEckbZ & fefy] lsUVh] Mslh] ehVj] Msdk] gsDVk vkSj

fdyksehVj
Hkkj & fefy] lsUVh] Mslh] xzke] Msdk] gsDVk vkSj fdyksxzke
#i;ksa dks ,d&nwljs uksVksa esa
le; & lsds.M] feuV] ?k.Vs] fnu] eghuk] lky] n'kd]
cnyus dh ckr dj bu
'krkCnh] ;qx vkfn
bdkb;ksa dks Hkh ,d&nwljs esa
/kkfjrk ¼rjy inkFkZ½ & fefy] lsUVh] Mslh] yhVj] Msdk] cnyus dh ckr djsaA
gsDVk vkSj fdyksyhVj
rkieku & fMxzh lsfYl;l] fMxzh QkjsugkbV vkSj dsfYou

uksV%
https://www.prathamopenschool.org/catalog/contents/ec6cdd31-d991-4f7c-
8c0c-baa0cd971a9a ls ekiu ,oa vuqeku dk [ksy [ksyus vkSj ohfM;ks ns[kus ds fy,
y‚x bu djsaA

33
 6- xq.kt ,oa xq.ku[k.M ¼Multiples and Factors½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
Ÿ cPpksa ls iwNsa p‚dysV fdrus cPpksa dks ilan gS\
Ÿ fdruh p‚dysV ds uke vki crk ldrs gSa\
Ÿ bu p‚dysV esa fdruh iafä;k¡ gSa\ 1 iafä esa fdrus VqdM+s gks ldrs gSa\
Ÿ nhokj ij fdruh Vkbysa yxh gSa\ fdruh iafä;ksa esa Vkby yxh gS\ 1 iafä esa fdruh Vkby gSa\

,slh gh 2] 3] 4] 5 vkfn
iafä;ksa esa VqdM+ksa dh
la[;k ds ckjs esa iwNsaA

Ÿ 8 VqdM+ksa okyh pkWdysV ds cjkcj lewg cukus ds fdrus rjhd+s gks ldrs gSa\ blh çdkj vU;
ç'uksa ij ppkZ dj ldrs gSaA bu mnkgj.kksa ds lkFk xq.kk ls cuus okyh la[;kvksa dks ml la[;k
dk xq.kt vkSj cuus okys lewg dh la[;k dks ml la[;k dk xq.ku[k.M ls voxr djk,¡A

6-1½ xq.kt ¼Multiples½

lqusa o ns[ksa%
cPpksa dks fxurh dkMZ fn[kk,¡A
Ÿ 1&10 rd dh dksbZ ,d la[;k pqusaA
Ÿ pquh xbZ la[;k ij fu'kku yxk,¡A
Ÿ fu'kku ds ckn pquh xbZ la[;k mrus gh
vUrjky ij fxudj fu'kku yxkus dks
dgsaA vius fxurh dkMZ ij blh çdkj rc
rd fu'kku yxkus dks dgsa tc rd os yxk
ldrs gSaA

34
djsa%
5&5 cPpksa ds lewg cukdj çR;sd lewg esa ,d&,d la[;k dkMZ nsdj vyx&vyx la[;kvksa ds
lkFk ;g xfrfof/k djus dks dgsaA
/;ku nsa%
Ÿ ;g lqfuf'pr djsa fd lHkh cPpksa dks xfrfof/k ds pj.k le> vk x, gSaA
Ÿ gj lewg esa 1&10 esa ls dksbZ 1 la[;k pquh xbZ gSA
Ÿ fu'kku pquh xbZ la[;k ij lgh yxk;k x;k gS o vxyk fu'kku pquh xbZ la[;k dks mruh ckj
fxudj yxk;k gSA
Ÿ fxurh dkMZ ij iwjk fu'kku yx tkus ds ckn mUgsa fu'kku yxh lHkh la[;kvksa dks fy[kus dks dgsaA
Ÿ lHkh fxurh dkMZ dks ,slh txg yxk;k tk, fd lHkh cPps mls ns[k ldsa vkSj mu ij ckr dh tk
ldsA
tc fdlh la[;k dks ckj&ckj tksM+k tkrk gS vkSj tksM+us ij tks la[;k,¡ çkIr gksrh gSa
vFkok ml la[;k dks mruh ckj xq.kk djds tks la[;k çkIr gksrh gS mUgsa ml la[;k dk
xq.kt dgk tkrk gSA
3$3$3$3$3$3
3 6 9 12 15 18
x2 x3 x4 x5 x6

3x1¾ 3 vr% 3 dk xq.kt ¾

3x2¾ 6
3x3¾ 9 3] 6] 9] 12] 15] ------
3 x 4 ¾ 12
3 x 5 ¾ 15
---------------------------
---------------------------
5$5$5$5$5$5
5 10 15 20 25 30
x2 x3 x4 x5 x6

5x1¾ 5 vr% 5 dk xq.kt ¾

5 x 2 ¾ 10
5 x 3 ¾ 15 5] 10] 15] 20] 25] ------
5 x 4 ¾ 20
5 x 5 ¾ 25
---------------------------
---------------------------
35
6-2½ xq.ku[k.M ¼Factors½

lewg cuk,¡%
10&20 rd dh la[;k esa ls dksbZ ,d la[;k pqusaA
pquh xbZ la[;k ¾ 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cjkcj lewg djsa
12 ¾ 1 x 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2x6 00 00 00 00 00 00
3x4 000 000 000 000
4x3 0000 0000 0000
6x2 000000 000000

1] 2] 3] 4] 6] 12

12 ds xq.ku[k.M

vc ns[ksa fd dkSu&dkSu&lh la[;k 12 dks Hkkx dj ldrh gSa\

tks la[;k,¡ Hkkx dj ldrh gSa os lHkh pquh xbZ la[;k 12 ds xq.ku[k.M gSaA
vr% 12 ds lHkh xq.ku[k.M ¾ 1] 2] 3] 4] 6] 12
pquh xbZ la[;k ¾ 12 lcls NksVk xq.ku[k.M ¾ 1
pquh xbZ la[;k dk vk/kk ¾ 6 lcls cM+k xq.ku[k.M ¾ 12
pquh xbZ la[;k ¾ 9
cjkcj lewg
la[;k cus ftu [k.Mksa ls
1x9¾9 dgyk, oks xq.ku[k.M
3x3¾9 xq.ku[k.M ls gks tc xq.kk
9x1¾9 rc oks la[;k cu tk,A
9 ds lHkh xq.ku[k.M ¾ 1] 3] 9 xq.kt vuUr rd tk,
ij xq.ku[k.M tYnh Fkd tk,A

36
 6-3½ ppkZ ds vU; fcUnq%

Ÿ cPpksa ls iwNsa fd vki lHkh 40 cPps gSaA vkidks iafä;ksa esa cSBuk gSA fdl rjg ls iafä;ksa esa vki
cSBsaxs\ 'krZ ;s gS fd lHkh iafä;ksa esa cPpksa dh la[;k cjkcj gksuh pkfg, vkSj ,d Hkh cPps [kM+s ugha
jgus pkfg,A
dbZ mÙkj vk,¡xs]
1 iafä;ksa esa yxkrkj 40 cPps cSB ldrs gSaA

2 iafä;ksa esa yxkrkj 20&20 cPps cSB ldrs gSaA

4 ifaä;kas eas yxkrkj 10&10 cPps cBS ldrs gAaS 5 ifaä;kas eas yxkrkj 8&8 cPps cBS ldrs gAaS

,slk djus ls cPps iSVuZ ns[kdj fu"d"kZ fudky ldrs gSaA

़ gks tk,¡ vkSj fdrus cPpksa esa

cPpksa ls iwNsa]1 c‚Dl esa 50 lsc gSa mls ge fdl çdkj ck¡Vsa fd lsc [kRe
ck¡Vsaxs\
cPpksa ls vkus okys laHkkfor mÙkj]
Ÿ 1&1 lsc 50 cPpksa dks ns ldrs gSaA 2&2 lsc 25 cPpksa dks ns ldrs gSaA
Ÿ 5&5 lsc 10 cPpksa dks ns ldrs gSaA 10&10 lsc 5 cPpksa dks ns ldrs gSaA
Ÿ 25&25 lsc 2 cPpksa dks ns ldrs gSaA 50 lsc 1 gh cPps dks ns ldrs gSaA
vr% 50 ds lHkh xq.ku[k.M ¾ 1] 2] 5] 10] 25] 50

37
6-4½ leku xq.kt vkSj xq.ku[k.M ¼Common Multiples and Factors½

fdUgha nks ;k nks ls vf/kd la[;kvksa ds leku xq.kt vkSj leku xq.ku[k.M ds ckjs esa iwNsa] tSls &
Åij ds mnkgj.kksa esa
Ÿ 3 ds xq.kt ¾ 3] 6] 9] 12] 15] 18] 21] 24] 27] 30] 33] 36] 39] 42] 45] 48]------------------------ vuUr
rd
4 ds xq.kt ¾ 4] 8] 12] 16] 20] 24] 28] 32] 36] 40] 44] 48] 52] 56]-------------------------- vuUr rd
3 vkSj 4 ds leku xq.kt ¾ 12] 24] 36] 48]---------------- vuUr rd
Ÿ 16 ds xq.ku[k.M ¾ 1]2]4]8]16
24 ds xq.ku[k.M ¾ 1]2]3]4]6]8]12]24
16 vkSj 24 ds leku xq.ku[k.M ¾ 1]2]4]8

6-5½ lR; vkSj vlR; dFku dks igpkusa

i- 1 dks NksM+dj çR;sd la[;k ds de&ls&de nks xq.ku[k.M gksrs gSaA
ii- fdlh Hkh la[;k ds vufxur xq.ku[k.M gksrs gSaA
iii- fdlh Hkh la[;k ds vufxur xq.kt gksrs gSaA
iv- 1 lHkh la[;kvksa dk xq.ku[k.M gksrk gSA
v- çR;sd la[;k vius xq.kt dk xq.ku[k.M gksrk gSA
vi- fdlh la[;k dk xq.ku[k.M ges'kk ml la[;k dk xq.kt gksrk gSA
vii- nks ;k nks ls vf/kd la[;kvksa dk lcls cM+k leku xq.ku[k.M og lcls cM+h la[;k
gksrh gS ftlls mu lHkh la[;kvksa esa iwjk&iwjk Hkkx yx tkrk gSA
viii- nks ;k nks ls vf/kd la[;kvksa dk lcls NksVk leku xq.kt og lcls NksVh la[;k
gksrh gS ftlls mu lHkh la[;kvksa esa iwjk&iwjk Hkkx yx tkrk gSA
ix- xq.kt dks vioR;Z ¼Multiple½ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
x- xq.ku[k.M dks xq.kd vkSj viorZd Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
xi- nks ;k nks ls vf/kd la[;kvksa dk lcls cM+k leku xq.ku[k.M mu la[;kvksa dk
egÙke lekiorZd ¼H-C-F – Highest Common Factors½ dgykrk gSA
xii- nks ;k nks ls vf/kd la[;kvksa dk lcls NksVk leku xq.kt mu la[;kvksa dk y?kqÙke
lekioR;Z ¼L-C-M – Lowest Common Multiple½ dgykrk gSA
uksV% https://www.prathamopenschool.org/catalog/contents/2dea4537-7921-45ce-
8d65-62cf06192909 ls xq.kt vkSj xq.ku[k.M dk [ksy [ksyus vkSj ohfM;ks ns[kus ds fy,
y‚x bu djsa A

38
 7- izfr'kr] lk/kkj.k C;kt vkSj NwV
¼Percent, Simple Interest and Discount½

7-1½ izfr'kr vkSj NwV ¼Percent and Discount½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
Ÿ cPpks! vki lHkh ckt+kj tkrs gSa\
Ÿ D;k ckt+kj esa vktdy vki dqN ,sls foKkiu ns[krs gSa fd 2]000 #i;s dh [kjhn ij 80% dh
Hkkjh NwV\ vkfnA
Ÿ lHkh Discount Number ds lkFk ;g % fpà yxk gSA bls D;k dgrs gSa\
Ÿ çfr'kr dk D;k vFkZ gksrk gS\
Ÿ çfr + 'kr esa 'kr dk vFkZ D;k gksrk gS\
Ÿ ;fn ,d f[kykSus ij 100 #i;s fy[kk gS vkSj og vkidks 80 #i;s esa fey jgk gS rks vkidks fdruh
NwV feyh\
Ÿ tc çfr lkS ij 20 #i;s dh NwV gks rks çfr nks lkS ij fdruh NwV feysxh vkSj çfr rhu lkS ij
fdruh NwV feysxh\

7-2½ lk/kkj.k C;kt ¼Simple Interest½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
Ÿ D;k vkius viuh cSad iklcqd esa INR. ----- 694 #i;s dqN ,slk ns[kk gS\
Ÿ INR dk D;k eryc gS\
Ÿ ;s NksVk&lk jkf'k vkids passbook esa dSls c<+k\
Ÿ ;s tks c<+k gqvk amount gS] bls D;k dgrs gSa\
Ÿ lk/kkj.k C;kt dh x.kuk dSls djrs gSa\

39
 8- vkd`fr;k¡ vkSj dks.k

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
Ÿ cPpks! vkidh d{kk esa tks ;g CySdcksMZ gS] bldk vkdkj dSlk gS\
Ÿ vki ,slh pkSdksj vk—fr;k¡ vkSj dgk¡ ns[krs gSa\
Ÿ dqN pkSdksj vk—fr;ksa ds uke crk,¡\
Ÿ vki dqN frdksuh vk—fr;ksa ds uke crk,¡\
Ÿ bu nksuksa vk—fr;ksa esa fdrus&fdrus fdukjs gSa\
Ÿ pkSdksj vkSj frdksuh vk—fr;ksa esa çR;sd esa fdrus 'kh"kZ fcUnq gSa\
Ÿ fdlh Hkh nks fdukjksa ¼sides/edges/line segments½ ds chp dh ?kqekonkj nwjh dks D;k dgrs gSa\
Ÿ fdUgha nks fdj.kksa ¼rays½ ds chp ds >qdko dks D;k dgrs gSa\
Ÿ bl >qdko dks dSls ekik tkrk gS\
Ÿ 5 Hkqtkvksa ;k js[kk[k.Mksa ls cuh can vk—fr dks D;k dgrs gSa\
Ÿ blh çdkj 6] 7] 8] 9 Hkqtkvksa ds fy, ppkZ dj ldrs gSa vkSj cgqHkqt ds ckjs esa ckr dj ldrs gSaA
Ÿ vk;r ds ledks.k ls 'kq: djds U;wu dks.k] vf/kd dks.k ij ppkZ dj ldrs gSaA
¼mi;ksx djsa & isu] isafly] 'kjhj ds vax½

8-1½ f}foeh; vkd`fr;ksa ¼2-d shapes½ ds xq.k

ckjh&ckjh dksbZ nks f}foeh; vk—fr;ksa] tSls& vk;r vkSj oxZ dk fp= CySdcksMZ ij cukdj muesa
vUrj vkSj lekurk ds ckjs esa iqNsaA cPps {ks=h; Hkk"kk esa tokc nsaxs vkSj ckn esa mls vki xf.krh;
'kCnkoyh ls tksM+ nsa] tSls& dksus dks 'kh"kZ] fdukjs dks Hkqtk vkfn crk ldrs gSaA blh rjg ls
f=Hkqt vkSj prqHkqZt] prqHkqZt vkSj vk;r] prqHkqZt vkSj oxZ vkfn esa lekurk vkSj vUrj iwNsaA cPps
vxj f=foeh; vkd`fr;ksa ds ckjs esa crkrs gSa rks mu ij Hkh ckr dj ysaA buesa vUrj ds ckjs esa Hkh
iwN ysaA
uksV% https://www.prathamopenschool.org/catalog/contents/30530f12-334a-49b1-
93c4-89c9bf5532d3 vk—fr dk [ksy [ksyus vkSj ohfM;ks ns[kus ds fy, y‚x bu djsaA

40
 9- fHkUu ¼Fractions½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
Ÿ D;k vki [kkus dh oLrq,¡ tSls] feBkbZ] jksVh] dsd] p‚dysV vkfn vius HkkbZ&cgu ;k fe=ksa ds
lkFk ck¡Vdj [kkrs gSa\
Ÿ ck¡Vrs le; yM+kbZ Hkh gksrh gS D;k\
Ÿ gk¡ ;k ugha nksuksa fLFkfr esa dkj.k t:j iwNsaA
Ÿ vkidks yxrk gS] gesa pht+sa fey&ck¡Vdj [kkuh pkfg,\
Ÿ D;k vki cjkcj ck¡Vrs gSa\
Ÿ pht+ksa dks ck¡Vdj [kkus ij dSlk eglwl gksrk gS\
Ÿ vkids ifjokj esa fdrus lnL; gSa\
Ÿ uhps fn, x, p‚dysV ds fp=ksa dks nks vyx rjhd+ksa ls lnL;ksa dh la[;k esa cjkcj ck¡Vus dks
dgsaA
fp=&1 fp=&2 fp=&3

Ÿ D;k cjkcj ck¡Vus dk dksbZ vkSj rjhd+k Hkh gks ldrk gS\ vxj gk¡ rks fp=&3 esa fn[kkus dks dgsaA

9-1½ iwjh oLrq dk leku Hkkx djuk

blh çdkj vyx&vyx oLrqvksa ds leku Hkkx djus ds fy, cPpksa ls vH;kl djk,¡A

41
9-2½ fHkUuksa dh le>

lcls igys iw.kZ oLrqvksa dks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vus ij ckr djsa vkSj fQj mUgsa rksM+dj ck¡Vus dks dgsaA

9-3½ fHkUuksa ds izdkj

lerqY; fHkUu ¼Equivalent Fraction½ ds fy, Åij fn, x, 9-2 ds mnkgj.k ¼ii½ ij ppkZ
fQj ls djsa vkSj bl uke ls voxr djk,¡A

42
 9-4½ fHkUuksa dh rqyuk

leku gj okys fHkUuksa dh rqyuk % leku va'k okys fHkUuksa dh rqyuk %

ckjh&ckjh fuEufyf[kr vk—fr;k¡ CySdcksMZ cPpksa ls gh iwNrs gq, jaxs gq, Hkkxksa dks fHkUuksa
ij cuk,¡ vkSj cPpksa ls gh iwNrs gq, jaxs gq, ds :i fy[ksa vkSj fQj muls fHkUuksa dh rqyuk
Hkkxksa dks fHkUuksa ds :i esa gj ,d vk—fr ds djus ds fy, dgsaA lkFk gh] mudk rdZ Hkh
uhps fy[ksaA blds ckn buesa rqyuk djus ds tkusaA
fy, dgsaA çR;sd tokc ij rdZ Hkh iwNsaA

Li"Vr% 14 < 24 ] blh rjg ls nks vU; Li"Vr% 23 > 24 ] blh rjg ls nks vU;
mnkgj.k ysa vkSj cPpksa ls iwNsa fd fcuk mnkgj.k ysa vkSj cPpksa ls iwNsa fd fcuk
vk—fr ds vki dSls ekywe djsaxs fd vk—fr ds vki dSls ekywe djsaxs fd dkSu&lk
dkSu&lk fHkUu cM+k ;k NksVk gS\ fHkUu cM+k ;k NksVk gS\
fu"d"kZ % leku gj okys fHkUuksa esa ftl fu"d"kZ % leku va'k okys fHkUuksa esa ftl fHkUu
fHkUu dk va'k NksVk gksrk gS og fHkUu Hkh dk gj ftruk NksVk gksrk gS ml fHkUu dk
NksVk gksrk gSA ftl fHkUu dk va'k cM+k eku mruk gh cM+k gksrk gS vkSj gj ftruk
gksrk gS og fHkUu Hkh cM+k gksrk gSA cM+k gksrk gS ml fHkUu dk eku mruk gh NksVk
gksrk gSA

9-5½ fHkUuksa dk tksM+ ¼gj leku gksus ij½

mnkgj.k % ,d dkxt dk 15 Hkkx ehuw us vkSj 25 Hkkx phuw us Nk;kafdr fd;kA crk,¡] nksuksa us feydj
dkxt dk dqy fdruk Hkkx Nk;kafdr fd;k\

43
 9-6½ fHkUuksa dk ?kVko ¼gj leku gksus ij½

mnkgj.k % ,d dkx+t+ dk 35 Hkkx ysdj jksfgr us 25 Hkkx eksfgr dks ns fn;kA crk,¡] jksfgr ds ikl
fdruk Hkkx dkx+t+ cpk\

9-7½ vkd`fr ds fcuk fHkUuksadk tksM+ vkSj ?kVko

vr% gj leku gksus ij fHkUuksa ds tksM+ ;k ?kVko esa gj rks ogh jgrk gS ysfdu va'k tksM+ esa tqM+
tkrk gS vkSj ?kVko esa ?kV tkrk gSA

uksV% https://www.prathamopenschool.org/catalog/contents/30530f12-334a-49b1-
93c4-89c9bf5532d3 fHkUu dk [ksy [ksyus vkSj ohfM;ks ns[kus ds fy, y‚x bu djsaA

44
 10- {ks=Qy vkSj ifjeki ¼Area and Perimeter½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%
Ÿ cPpks! viuh iqLrd dks can djds vki Vscy ij j[ksaA
Ÿ vc crk,¡] ;g iqLrd vkidh Vscy dk fdruk LFkku ?ksjrh gS\
Ÿ vc vki viuh ikuh dh cksry Vscy ij j[kdj ns[ksa fd ;g fdruk LFkku ?ksj jgh gS\
Ÿ vc vki viuk fVfQu c‚Dl j[kdj ns[ksaA ¼dksbZ f=Hkqtkdkj vk—fr Hkh cPpksa dks fn[kkdj ç'u
iwN ldrs gSaA½
Ÿ vc vki crk,¡ fd iqLrd] cksry o fVfQu D;k lHkh oLrq,¡ leku LFkku ?ksj jgh gS\
Ÿ bu lHkh oLrqvksa ds ry ¼surface½ dk vkdkj leku gS D;k\
Ÿ D;k ;s mruk gh LFkku ?ksjrh gS tSlk fd budk ry ¼surface½ gS\
Ÿ cksry] fVfQu o iqLrd ds ry ¼surface½ dk vkdkj D;k gS\
Ÿ bl çdkj {ks=Qy vkSj ifjeki dh ppkZ dks vkxs c<+k ldrs gSaA

10-1½ ifjeki ¼Perimeter½

lcls igys cPpksa dks muds vkl&ikl dh phtksa] tSls & fdrkc] cSx rFkk d{kk ds ckgj dh phtsa]
tSls & f[kM+dh] njoktk] cjkens vkfn ds ?ksjs dh yEckbZ ds ckjs esa ckjh&ckjh vanktk yxkus dks
dgsaA muls iwNsa] ;fn blds ckgj jaxhu ysl yxkuh gks rks fdruh ysl yxsxh\ 'kq#vkr esa cPpksa
dks vanktk yxkdj crkus dks dgsa vkSj fQj ekius dks dgsaA blds ckn cPpksa ls iwNsa] ÞD;k vkius
blds igys ,slk eki dHkh fd;k gS\ß ;fn tokc vkrk gS] ^gk¡* rks iwNsa] Þxf.kr dh Hkk"kk esa ,sls eki
dks D;k dgrs gSa\ ;fn tokc vkrk gS] ^ugha* rks mUgsa crk,¡] Þxf.kr dh Hkk"kk esa ,sls eki dks ifjeki
;k ^ifjfefr* dgrs gSaAÞ vc cPpksa ls ckjh&ckjh uhps nh xbZ vk—fr;k¡ vk;r vkSj oxZ ds ifjeki
ds ckjs esa ckr djsaA

45
vk;r dk ifjeki ¾ 15 lsaVhehVj $ 7 lsaVhehVj $ 15 lsaVhehVj $ 7 lsaVhehVj ¾ 44 lsaVhehVj

vc cPpksa ls iwNsa] 15 lsaVhehVj vkSj 7 lsaVhehVj vk;r dh D;k gS\ 'kk;n cPps crk,¡ fd ;g vk;r
dh yEckbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ gSA ;fn os ,slk ugha crkrs gSa rks mUgsa yEckbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ ds ckjs esa crk,¡\

fQj bl çdkj ls fy[kdj crk,¡%

vk;r dk ifjeki ¾ yEckbZ + pkSM+kbZ + yEckbZ + pkSM+kbZ

¾ 2 yEckbZ + 2 pkSM+kbZ

¾ 2 x ¼yEckbZ + pkSM+kbZ½

cPpksa ls dgsa vc vxj gesa fdlh Hkh vk;r dh yEckbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ ekywe gks rks ge 2 x ¼yEckbZ +

pkSM+kbZ½ dh enn ls mldk ifjeki fudky ldrs gSaA ;kfu fd ;g vc fdlh Hkh vk;r dk ifjeki
fudkyus dk ,d lw= ¼formula½ cu x;kA vc dqN vk;r dk ifjeki fudkyus dk vH;kl djk,¡A
blh rjg ls oxZ ds ifjeki dk lw= cPpksa dks Lo;a fudkyus ds fy, nsaA

oxZ dk ifjeki ¾ Hkqtk + Hkqtk + Hkqtk + Hkqtk ¾ 4 x Hkqtk

46
10-2½ ifjeki ds ckjs esa fuEufyf[kr [+kkl ckrksa ij Hkh ppkZ djsa

1- vxj fdlh pht+ dks ?ksjuk gks ;k mlds fdukjksa ij ysl yxkuk gks rks mld ifjeki tkuuk
t:jh gSA
2- fdlh xkM+h dk ifg;k ,d pDdj esa fdruh nwjh r; djrk gS\ ;g tkuus ds fy, ifg, dk
ifjeki tkuuk t:jh gSA
3- eSnku dk ,d pDdj yxkdj r; dh xbZ nwjh dks tkuus ds fy, Hkh mldk ifjeki tkuuk
t:jh gSA
4- ifjeki dh bdkbZ ogh gksrh gS tks yEckbZ dh gksrh gS] tSls & ehVj] lsaVhehVj vkfnA
5- fu;fer vkdkj] tSls & vk;r] oxZ vkfn dk ifjeki mlds lw= ¼formula½ ls Hkh fudkyk tk
ldrk gS ysfdu] vfu;fer vkdkjksa dk ifjeki fudkyus ds fy, muds lHkh Hkqtkvksa dks
tksM+dj gh fudkyuk gksxkA

10-3½ {ks=Qy ¼Area½

cPpksa ls iwNsa] ^^dkWih] ist rFkk yap ckWDl ds lrgksa dh yEckbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ ge ehVj] lsaVhehVj
vkfn esa ekirs gSa] ysfdu vxj gesa blds vUnj dh txg dks ekiuk gks rks mls dSls ekisaxs\ D;k
yEckbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ dh rjg eki dj ge dkWih] ist rFkk yap ckWDl ds lrgksa ds vUnj dh lkjh
txgksa dks eki ik,¡xs\** cs'kd! ugha eki ik,¡xsA blds ckn xÙks dk 1 lsaVhehVj Hkqtk okys
oxkZdkj {ks= cPpksa dks fn[kk,¡ vkSj muls iwNsa fd D;k bl oxkZdkj xÙks dks ckjh&ckjh dkWih] ist
rFkk yap ckWDl ds lrgksa ij j[kdj crk ldrs gSa fd dkWih] ist rFkk yap ckWDl ds lrgksa esa ,sls
fdrus oxkZdkj xÙks ds cjkcj txg gS\ dqN cPps 'kk;n crk ik,¡xsA vxj cPps ugha crk ikrs gSa
rks f'k{kd ckjh&ckjh ml oxkZdkj xÙks dks dkWih] ist rFkk yap ckWDl ds lrgksa ij j[krs tk,¡
vkSj fxurh djds fn[kkrs tk,¡A vc ml la[;k ds lkFk oxZ lsaVhehVj yxkdj cksysa fd bl
dkWih] ist rFkk yap ckWDl ds lrgksa dk {ks=Qy brus oxZ lsaVhehVj gSaA txg ds blh eki dks
{ks=Qy ¼Area½ dgrs gSa vkSj bldh bdkbZ oxZ esa gksrh gS] tSls & oxZ lsaVhehVj] oxZ ehVj] oxZ
QqV] oxZ xt bR;kfnA tc oxkZdkj xÙks dh gj ,d Hkqtk lsaVhehVj ds cnys ehVj] QqV] xt
vkfn gks rks {ks=Qy ¼Area½ dh bdkbZ oxZ ehVj] oxZ QqV] oxZ xt bR;kfn gks tkrh gSA
47
vc cPpksa ls ckjh&ckjh dqN fu;fer vkSj vfu;fer vk—fr;ksa dk {ks=Qy fudkyus ds
fy, dgsaA
mnkgj.k% iÙks dk {ks=Qy fudkyus ds fy, mls fdlh oxkZdkj 'khV ¼ftldk gj ,d ?kj 1 oxZ
bdkbZ gks½ ij j[kus vkSj fxudj crkus ds fy, dgsaA muls iwNsa fd bl iÙks dh lrg esa yxHkx
fdrus oxZ vkrs gSa\ tgk¡ iwjk&iwjk oxZ ugha vkrk gS ogk¡ dbZ Hkkxksa dks feykdj iwjs oxZ ds :i esa
vankt+k yxkdj fxuus dks dgsaA blesa ftrus oxZ gksaxs mruh gh oxZ bdkbZ bl iÙks dk {ks=Qy
gksxkA ;gk¡ fn, x, oxkZdkj 'khV dk gj ,d NksVk oxZ 1 oxZ lsaVhehVj {ks= ;k txg dks ?ksjrk gS
vkSj iÙks dh lrg esa ,sls yxHkx 16 oxZ vk tkrs gSa] blfy, bl iÙks dh lrg dk {ks=Qy yxHkx
16 oxZ lsaVhehVj gksxkA blh rjg ls fdlh fu;fer vkdkj vk;r] oxZ vkfn dk {ks=Qy Hkh
fudkyk tk ldrk gSA

,slh oxkZdkj 'khV CySdcksMZ ij cuk,¡ vkSj bl ij vyx&vyx phtk़ sa dks j[kokdj cPpksa ls
mldk {ks=Qy fudkyus ds fy, dgsaA

48
blds ckn ifjeki dh gh rjg vk;r vkSj oxZ ds {ks=Qy ¼Area½ ds lw= fudkyus ij Hkh ckrphr
djsa] tSls & 4 lsaVhehVj dh yEckbZ vkSj 3 lsaVhehVj dh pkSM+kbZ okys vk;r esa 1 oxZ lsaVhehVj okys
dqy 12 oxZ gksaxs ;kuh fd mldk {ks=Qy 12 oxZ lsaVhehVj gksxkA pw¡fd 12 oxZ lsaVhehVj] 3
lsaVhehVj vkSj 4 lsaVhehVj dks xq.kk djus ls vkrk gS tks fd Øe'k% vk;r dh yEckbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ gSA

vr% vk;r dk {ks=Qy ¾ yEckbZ x pkSM+kbZ

10-4½ {ks=Qy ds ckjs esa fuEufyf[kr [+kkl ckrksa ij Hkh ppkZ djsa

1- vxj fdlh pht़ dh lrg dks jaxuk gks rks mldk {ks=Qy tkuuk t:jh gSA

2- fdlh [ksr ds fdrus Hkkx@fgLls esa ?kkl yxk gqvk gS] ;g tkuus ds fy, ftrus {ks= ;k txg esa
?kkl yxh gqbZ gS mldk {ks=Qy tkuuk t:jh gSA
3- fdlh dejs ds Q'kZ esa fdruh Vkby yxsxh blds fy, Q'kZ vkSj Vkby nksuksa dk {ks=Qy tkuuk
t:jh gSA Q'kZ ds {ks=Qy esa Vkby ds {ks=Qy ls Hkkx nsus ij Vkby dh la[;k fudy vk,xhA
Hkkx dh fØ;k D;ksa djrs gSa] bl ij Hkh ckr djsaA
4- {ks=Qy dh bdkbZ ges'kk oxZ esa gksrh gS] tSls & oxZ ehVj] oxZ lsaVhehVj vkfnA
5- fu;fer vkdkj] tSls & vk;r] oxZ vkfn dk {ks=Qy mlds lw= ¼formula½ ls Hkh fudkyk tk
ldrk gS] ysfdu vfu;fer vkdkjksa dk {ks=Qy fdlh oxkZdkj 'khV dh enn ls ;k mUgsa oxksaZ esa
ck¡V dj fudkyk tk ldrk gSA

uksV%
https://www.prathamopenschool.org/catalog/contents/9d06c88c-24e3-4ce5-
981d-a7f92505b353 {ks=Qy vkSj ifjeki dk [ksy [ksyus vkSj ohfM;ks ns[kus ds fy,
y‚x bu djsaA

49
 11- vk¡dM+k izcU/ku ¼Data Handling½

ekSf[kd ppkZ%

Ÿ vkidk ilanhnk Qy@lCth़ D;k gS\

Ÿ ;fn vkils vius ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa dk ilanhnk Qy@lCt+h iwNus dks dgk tk,] rks vkidks
;kn jgsxk\ D;k vki mls fy[kdj crk ldsaxs\
Ÿ ;fn vkidks viuh d{kk ds lHkh Nk=ksa dk ilanhnk Qy@lCth iwNus dks dgk tk,] rks vki fdl
çdkj irk yxk,¡xs\
Ÿ vki vius lHkh lgikfB;ksa ds mÙkj dks fdl çdkj fy[kdj j[ksaxs\ D;k la[;kvksa esa fy[kuk t:jh
gksxk\
Ÿ ;fn vkils iwNk tk,xk fd fdrus Nk=ksa dks dkSu&dkSu ls Qy ilan gSa ;k dqy fdrus
vyx&vyx Qy ilan gSa] rks D;k vki crk ik,¡xs\
Ÿ ;g tkudkjh nsus esa vkidks fdruk le; yxsxkA
Ÿ de ls de le; esa lgh tkudkjh çLrqr djus ds fy, ge D;k&D;k dj ldrs gSa\
Ÿ D;k vki fdUgha vU; txgksa ij bl çdkj dh laxfBr ;k ,df=r tkudkjh ns[k ikrs gSaA ¼tSls &
v[+kckjksa esa] Vh-oh- ij bR;kfn½

^gekjk xf.kr* odZ'khV cqdysV ls çR;sd lIrkg vyx vo/kkj.kk

¼Concept½ ysdj fnu ds vuqlkj NksVs lewg esa igys ppkZ djus vkSj fQj
B
O;fäxr :i ls gy djus ds fy, dgsa] tSls& igys lIrkg esa la[;k igpku]
nwljs lIrkg esa tksM+&?kVko vkfnA

odZ'khV gy djus ds ckn vius NksVs lewg esa gh ,d&nwljs ds 'khV dh

C leh{kk djus dks dgsa vkSj fQj f'k{kd 3&4 cPpksa ls dksbZ loky iwNsa fd
mlus dSls gy fd;k\ xyr crkus ij nwljs cPps dks enn djus ds fy,
dgsaA

50
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