Department of Computer Smart Electricity Energy Meter

1. ABSTRACT
The increasing demand for energy and the need for efficient monitoring have driven the development of
Smart Electricity Energy Meters connected via Bluetooth. This system enhances traditional metering by
integrating modern communication capabilities and real-time monitoring, providing users with accurate,
accessible data on energy consumption. Through Bluetooth, users can connect their meter to a mobile
app, remotely track usage, and receive alerts for abnormal consumption or potential issues. The energy
meter measures key parameters like voltage, current, and power, transmitting the data to a paired device.
The app visualizes this information, allowing users to monitor daily, weekly, or monthly usage trends,
set thresholds, and optimize energy use. For utility companies, the Bluetooth connection supports
automated billing, improving accuracy and reducing manual errors. Additionally, utilities can remotely
monitor meter health, detect faults, and ensure operational efficiency. Overall, the Bluetooth-connected
SEEM improves user convenience, promotes energy conservation, and contributes to more sustainable,
energy-efficient homes and businesses. This system plays a key role in creating smarter energy grids and
supporting the transition toward greener energy consumption.

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2.INTRODUCTION

The rapid growth in global energy consumption and the push for sustainable energy practices have led to
the need for more advanced systems in energy monitoring and management. Traditional energy meters,
which rely on manual readings and lack real-time tracking, often fall short in providing consumers and
utility providers with the necessary tools to efficiently manage electricity use. To address these
challenges, the introduction of Smart Electricity Energy Meters integrated with Bluetooth technology
has emerged as a highly effective solution.

A Bluetooth-enabled smart energy meter transforms the conventional metering system into an
interactive, real-time, and highly automated solution. This system allows electricity usage data to be
transmitted wirelessly to a mobile device or centralized monitoring system, providing users with
accurate and up-to-date insights into their energy consumption patterns. The Bluetooth connectivity
enables users to access detailed data and receive timely notifications, empowering them to monitor and
manage their electricity usage remotely, thus eliminating the need for direct interaction with the meter.

The smart meter works by continuously measuring various parameters such as voltage, current, and
power consumption. These data are then processed by the metering unit and transmitted through
Bluetooth to a paired mobile app or monitoring platform. The app displays the data in an easily
understandable format, offering users the ability to track their consumption on a daily, weekly, or
monthly basis. Additionally, users can set customized alerts for energy usage thresholds, helping them
identify any excessive or abnormal consumption and take corrective actions.

From a utility company’s perspective, the Bluetooth-enabled smart meter facilitates seamless integration
with automated billing systems. The real-time data collected and transmitted via Bluetooth eliminates
the need for manual meter readings, reducing the chances of human error and ensuring more accurate
billing. Furthermore, utility providers can remotely monitor the health of the meters, detect potential
faults, and address issues proactively, thus improving the overall efficiency of the energy distribution
network.

The adoption of Bluetooth-connected smart meters contributes to enhanced user convenience, increased
energy efficiency, and sustainability. By offering real-time data and greater control over energy
consumption, this technology empowers consumers to make informed decisions and reduce their energy
usage. Additionally, it plays a significant role in supporting the creation of smarter, more efficient
energy grids, as utilities gain better visibility into consumption patterns, detect irregularities early, and
optimize the distribution of electricity.

Bluetooth-connected Smart Electricity Energy Meters represent a major leap forward in the way we
monitor and manage electricity consumption. This innovative solution not only improves the accuracy of
energy billing but also empowers consumers to actively participate in energy conservation efforts,
contributing to a more sustainable and efficient future. Through enhanced connectivity and real-time
monitoring, this technology paves the way for smarter energy management and a greener, more efficient
global energy infrastructure.

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3. EXISTING SYSTEM

Existing systems for smart electricity energy meters connected via Bluetooth focus on enhancing
traditional metering technology by integrating wireless communication, real-time monitoring, and
automated data collection. These systems aim to improve energy management for both consumers and
utility companies. The general structure of these systems consists of a smart meter, Bluetooth
communication module, and a mobile or centralized monitoring application.

1. Smart Metering Units: The core of the existing system is a smart meter, designed to measure key
parameters such as voltage, current, power consumption, and power factor. These meters
typically have embedded sensors and microcontrollers to process and store the collected data.
2. Bluetooth Connectivity: To enable wireless data transfer, the smart meter integrates Bluetooth
modules (such as Bluetooth Low Energy, or BLE) for seamless communication between the
meter and a paired device, like a smartphone or tablet. Bluetooth allows data to be sent over short
to medium distances without the need for wired connections, improving the system’s flexibility.
3. Mobile Application/Software: The Bluetooth-enabled smart meters are typically paired with a
mobile app or web-based software platform, where users can monitor real-time electricity
consumption, view historical usage trends, and track overall energy consumption patterns. These
apps allow users to set usage limits, receive alerts for abnormal consumption, and view graphical
representations of energy usage.
4. Real-Time Monitoring: The existing systems enable real-time energy monitoring, which provides
users with up-to-the-minute data on their electricity consumption. This helps in identifying areas
where energy usage can be reduced and provides immediate feedback on consumption trends.
5. Automated Billing System: The smart meters automatically send consumption data to the utility
company through Bluetooth, eliminating the need for manual meter readings. This enables
accurate and timely billing based on actual consumption, reducing human error and improving
billing efficiency.
6. Fault Detection and Alerts: Some Bluetooth-connected smart meters are capable of detecting
irregularities in the meter’s performance, such as malfunctioning or abnormal consumption. The
system can send alerts to the user and utility provider, ensuring early identification of potential
issues, such as faults, tampering, or technical failures.
7. Consumer Empowerment: Existing systems provide consumers with more control over their
energy usage. Users can monitor their consumption, set energy-saving goals, receive
notifications when they exceed certain thresholds, and make adjustments to reduce energy waste.
8. Energy Conservation: By offering a better understanding of electricity consumption, these
systems encourage more sustainable energy use. They help users recognize high-consumption
habits and make informed decisions to reduce waste, contributing to overall energy conservation.

The existing systems for Bluetooth-enabled smart electricity energy meters enhance the traditional
power metering infrastructure by incorporating real-time data transmission, wireless communication,
and remote monitoring.

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4. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The primary objectives of a Smart Electricity Energy Meter connected via Bluetooth are as follows:

1. Real-Time Energy Monitoring: To provide users with real-time data on electricity consumption,
enabling them to track their usage continuously and make informed decisions to optimize energy
consumption.
2. Remote Access and Control: To allow users to monitor and control their energy usage remotely
via a mobile app or web-based platform, reducing the need for physical interaction with the meter.
3. Accurate Data Collection: To ensure accurate, automated data collection on energy consumption,
voltage, current, and power factor, eliminating human errors associated with manual readings.
4. Automated Billing: To facilitate automatic and accurate billing by transmitting real-time
consumption data directly to the utility company, reducing discrepancies and the risk of billing
errors.
5. Energy Usage Insights: To provide users with detailed insights into their energy consumption
patterns, including daily, weekly, and monthly trends, enabling them to identify energy-saving
opportunities.
6. User Customization and Alerts: To enable users to set custom energy usage thresholds and
receive timely alerts when consumption exceeds preset limits or when the system detects
anomalies.
7. Fault Detection and Early Warning : To detect faults, malfunctions, or tampering in the metering
system, and alert both users and utility providers for prompt corrective actions.
8. Efficient Energy Management: To help users optimize their energy usage, reduce waste, and
promote energy conservation by providing actionable data and feedback on usage patterns.
9. Integration with Smart Home Systems: To support integration with smart home devices, allowing
for greater automation in energy management, such as adjusting thermostat settings or turning off
appliances based on energy consumption.
10. Enhanced Consumer Experience: To improve user convenience by offering an easy-to-use
interface for monitoring, controlling, and analyzing energy consumption, fostering greater
consumer engagement in energy efficiency.
11. Remote Monitoring by Utility Companies: To enable utility providers to remotely monitor energy
consumption, detect irregularities, and efficiently manage the grid, contributing to operational
efficiency.
12. Cost Reduction for Utilities: To reduce operational costs for utilities by eliminating manual meter
readings, enabling real-time data collection, and streamlining the billing and maintenance
processes

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5. PROBLEM DEFINITION

The main objectives of a Bluetooth-connected Smart Electricity Energy Meter are as follows:

1. Real-Time Energy Monitoring: Provide continuous, real-time tracking of electricity

consumption, allowing users to monitor their energy usage as it happens.
2. Wireless Data Transmission: Enable data transfer from the smart meter to a mobile device or
cloud-based platform via Bluetooth for easy access and remote monitoring.
3. Enhanced Billing Accuracy: Automate data transmission to utility companies, eliminating
manual meter readings and reducing the likelihood of billing errors.
4. Remote Access and Control: Allow users to access and control their energy usage remotely, via a
mobile app or web platform, to promote convenience and flexibility.
5. User Notifications and Alerts: Enable custom alerts for users when energy consumption exceeds
present thresholds or when abnormal consumption patterns are detected.
6. Cost Optimization: Empower users to make informed decisions about energy consumption,
helping them optimize usage and reduce electricity bills.
7. Fault Detection and Early Alerts: Detect faults, malfunctions, or tampering with the meter,
providing timely alerts to both consumers and utility companies for quick resolution.
8. Energy Usage Analytics: Provide detailed data analysis and visualization of energy consumption
patterns, helping users identify trends and areas for energy savings.

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6. FLOW OF THE PROJECT

Fig1.1: flow of the project

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Fig 1.2 Recharging flowchart

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7.REQUIREMENTS
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:-

1. Arduino: Arduino is an open-source electronics platform

based on simple software and hardware. It consists of a
microcontroller that can be programmed to interact with
sensors, motors, lights, and other devices. Arduino boards are
easy to use and can be programmed through the Arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment). The platform supports
various programming languages, primarily C and C++. Arduino
is widely used for building prototypes and DIY projects in
fields like robotics, automation, and IoT

2. Energy Meter: An energy meter measures the electrical

energy consumption of a building or device. It calculates the
total energy used in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or watt-hours.
Modern energy meters often feature digital displays and
wireless communication capabilities. Some energy meters also
track power factor, voltage, and current, providing detailed
energy usage insights. Accurate energy metering helps reduce
energy waste, optimizes energy efficiency, and enables cost-
effective billing.

3.Single Channel Relay :A single channel relay is an

electrically operated switch that controls a single circuit .It
allows low-voltage signals to control high-voltage circuits,
making it a useful component in automation and control
systems .The relay has three main terminals: Common (COM),
Normally Open (NO), and Normally Closed (NC).When the
relay is activated, the COM and NO terminals connect, and the
COM and NC terminals disconnect Single channel relays are
widely used in application such as lighting control, motor
control and security systems.

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4.LCD Display :The 16x2 I2C LCD Display is a

liquid crystal display module with a 16-character, 2-line
display .It communicates with microcontrollers using the
I2C protocol, simplifying wiring and reducing pin
usage .The display shows text, numbers, and symbols,
making it suitable for various applications like status
messages, menus, and user interfaces .It typically requires
only 4 wires for connection: VCC, GND, SDA, and SCL
.The display is widely used in DIY projects, robotics, and
industrial control systems for its ease of use and clear
visualization
5.Bluetooth module: A Bluetooth module is a device that
allows wireless communication between electronic devices
over short distances. It operates on the Bluetooth standard,
typically in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Bluetooth modules are
commonly used for connecting smartphones, computers,
and microcontrollers. They are available in various types
like HC-05 (classic Bluetooth) and HC-06. These modules
support data transmission and are widely used in IoT and
embedded systems.

6.Buzzer: A buzzer on a smart electricity energy meter

connected via Bluetooth serves as an alert mechanism for
the user. When the meter detects abnormal power
consumption, a predefined threshold is exceeded, or any
malfunction occurs, the buzzer emits sound signals.
Bluetooth connectivity allows remote monitoring and
control, enabling users to receive notifications on their
smartphones. This helps in real-time energy management,
encouraging efficient power use.

7.Current Sensor: A current sensor measures the flow of

electric current in a circuit. It works by detecting the
magnetic field created by the current, converting it into a
readable electrical signal. There are two main types:
shunt-based sensors and Hall-effect sensors. Shunt
sensors measure voltage drop across a resistor, while
Hall-effect sensors detect magnetic fields.

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 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

1.C++ Language : C++ is a high-

performance, compiled, and general-
purpose programming language .Developed
by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985,it's an
extension of the C programming language
C++ supports object- oriented, imperative, and
generic programming paradigms .It's widely
used for building operating systems, games, web
browsers, and other high-performance
applications .C++ is known for its efficiency,
flexibility, and control over resources.

2.Java: Java is a multi-platform, object-oriented,

and network- centric language that can be used as
a platform in itself. It is a fast, secure, reliable
programming language for coding everything
from mobile apps and enterprise software to big
data applications and server-side technologies.
Java is a widely used object-oriented
programming language and software platform
that runs on billions of devices, including
notebook computers, mobile devices, gaming
consoles, medical devices and many others. The
rules and syntax of Java are based on the C and
C++ languages

3. Android Studio: Android Studio is the official

integrated development environment (IDE) for
building Android applications. It is based on
IntelliJ IDEA and provides powerful tools for
coding, debugging, and testing Android apps. The
IDE includes a code editor with syntax
highlighting, code completion, and refactoring
tools. Android Studio also offers an emulator to
run and test apps on various devices and
configurations. It supports Java, Kotlin, and C++
programming languages. Features like Gradle-
based project automation and UI design tools
make app development more efficient.

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8.LITERATURE SURVEY:

Author(s) and Year Research Outcome

The design, development, and testing of an integrated IoT-

based smart utility meter that monitors the consumption of
(T. Landolsi, M. Ezzeddine (2018)) electricity, water, and gas that is programmed remotely to
read the three utility consumptions at any desired
frequency that can be set by the utility service providers.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Smart-Prepaid-Energy-
Meter-based-on-Internet-of-Rawte-
Sharma/733f0a7d43918ce840b51b6c11619f59ea04cb0e

Implementation of an online of Things based household

electricity energy monitoring and electric bulb remote for
(Dr. S.B.Warkad, Devanshugayki
the reduction of electrical wastage using ESP 32-bit
(2020)) microcontroller.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361315567_DESIGN_
OF_A_SMART_ENERGY_METER

Digitization of load energy usage readings over the

internet. The proposed system design eliminates the
involvement of human in electricity maintenance. The
(Deepak Gaikwad (2019)) user can monitor energy consumption in watts from a
webpage by providing a channel id for the load.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328990942_Smart_Ene
rgy_Meter_Surveillance_Using_IoT

The integration of a mircocontroller and GSM short

message service (SMS) provides the meter reading system
with automatic functions that are predefined, and the
(Patrick Mapulane, N. Ditshego (2019))
system provides domestic power consumption
accurately, safely and with a relatively fast update rate.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/IOT-Based-Smart-
Energy-Meter-Design-for-Home-with-Rupesh-
Selvan/b41a459e6ea5ce27b3cf5fd69e7978026a761349

The proposed system uses a smart energy meter interfaced

with controller to count and monitor the unit’s usage and
(Varun Goyal, Mahima Singh (2021)) together with wireless sensor network, a procedure to
detect any tampering done with the meter is deployed.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334168114_Design_an
d_Implementation_of_IoT_Based_Smart_Energy_Meter

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9.WORKING OF PROJECT

1. Overview: The Smart Electricity Energy Meter with Bluetooth is an advanced system designed
to monitor and control electricity consumption. It uses Bluetooth technology to wirelessly
transfer data to a smartphone or any other Bluetooth-enabled device for real-time monitoring.
2. Components:
o Energy Meter: Measures the total energy consumed by a device or household.
o Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino): Processes the data from the energy meter and controls
Bluetooth communication.
o Bluetooth Module (e.g., HC-05): Enables wireless communication between the meter
and the smartphone.
o Current and Voltage Sensors: Detect the electrical parameters like current, voltage, and
power.
o Smartphone/PC: Displays real-time data for the user.
3. Working Principle:
o The current and voltage sensors measure the electrical parameters such as current,
voltage, and power consumed by the electrical load.
o These sensors send the data to the microcontroller for processing.
o The microcontroller calculates the energy consumption based on the raw data received.
o The processed data is then transmitted via Bluetooth to the paired smartphone or PC.
o The Bluetooth module communicates with a mobile app, where users can track their
energy consumption.
4. Energy Consumption Calculation:
o The energy is typically calculated using the formula: Power (W)=Voltage (V)×Current (A)\
text{Power (W)} = \text{Voltage (V)} \times \text{Current
(A)}Power (W)=Voltage (V)×Current (A)
o The microcontroller continuously monitors the voltage and current, updating the power
consumption and energy used in real-time.
5. Bluetooth Communication:

o Once the microcontroller gathers the energy data, it sends this information to the
Bluetooth module.
o The Bluetooth module then transmits the data wirelessly to the paired device (smartphone
or PC).
o The app displays the real-time energy usage in the form of graphs, charts, or numerical
values

6. Real-Time Monitoring:

o The user can view real-time energy consumption on a dedicated app (usually mobile or
web-based).
o It provides an easy-to-read interface with various features like daily, weekly, and monthly
usage tracking.

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o Users can also get notifications about over-consumption or high energy usage.

7. Security & Privacy:

o Data transmitted via Bluetooth is generally encrypted to prevent unauthorized access.

o Users can also control which devices can pair with their energy meter for added security.

8. Applications:

o Residential: Homeowners can track their household energy consumption.

o Industrial: Used for monitoring energy usage in factories or large installations.
o Smart Grids: The system can integrate with smart grid infrastructure for real-time
monitoring.

This Bluetooth-enabled smart energy meter makes electricity usage more transparent, efficient, and
user-friendly by combining real-time monitoring with easy access via mobile devices .

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10.ADVANTAGES
Advantages Description

1. Real-Time Monitoring They provide real-time data on electricity

consumption, helping users track and
manage their energy use more effectively.

Smart meters eliminate the need for

2. Accurate Billing estimated readings and reduce human
error, leading to more accurate billing.
Utilities can read meters remotely,
3. Remote Meter Reading reducing the need for physical visits and
associated costs.
They offer detailed insights and
4. Energy Usage Insights analytics into energy usage patterns,
helping users identify ways to reduce
consumption and
save on energy bills.
Smart meters can help with demand
5. Demand Response response programs, allowing users to
shift their energy use to off-peak times,
potentially lowering costs.
They contribute to better grid
6. Improved Reliability management and quicker identification of
outages or
other issues.
By enabling more efficient energy use and
7. Environmental Benefits promoting conservation, smart meters
can support sustainability efforts.
With more precise data, utilities can
8. Enhanced Customer Service offer better customer service and tailored
energy-saving recommendations .

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11.LIMITATIONS
Limitations Description

Initial installation and setup can be

1. Cost expensive for both utility companies
and
consumers.
It do not reduces the energy bills alone. It
2. Do not reduce energy bills alone just provide insights about energy
utilization.
The risks of cyber security threats like
3. Risk of cyber security threats hacking, data breaches, unauthorized access
and alteration in meter readings, etc.

Technical issues may occur as it uses digital

4. Technical issues systems, which can be targets for hackers or
have technical problems.

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12.FULL FORMS

1. GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications (used for cellular communication)
2. GPRS - General Packet Radio Service (used for wireless communication)
3. IoT - Internet of Things (refers to connected devices)
4. ESP - Electronic Speed Printer (used in some energy meters)
5. SIM - Subscriber Identity Module (used in cellular communication)
6. LCD - Liquid Crystal Display (used for display purposes)
7. SDA - Serial Data Line /Serial Data(pin used for serial communication, typically in I2C
(Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol.)
8. SCL - Serial Clock Line /Serial Clock(It used for serial communication, typically in I2C
protocol, to provide the clock signal.)

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13.CONCLUSION

The smart electricity energy meter has revolutionized the way we manage and monitor our energy
consumption, providing a more efficient, accurate, and cost-effective solution for both consumers and
utility providers. With its advanced features and real-time data analytics, the smart electricity energy
meter is an essential tool for optimizing energy usage, reducing waste, and promoting sustainability in
the modern era..The successful implementation of smart electricity energy meters has the potential to
transform the electricity grid into a more resilient, adaptable, and environmentally friendly system,
benefiting both individuals and society as a whole. By harnessing the power of smart technology, the
smart electricity energy meter empowers consumers to take control of their energy usage, making
informed decisions that contribute to a more energy-efficient and sustainable future. As the world
continues to grapple with the challenges of climate change and energy security, the smart electricity
energy meter stands out as a vital innovation, poised to play a critical role in shaping a more sustainable
energy landscape.

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14.REFERENCES

The websites referred:

a. WHEN WAS THE WATT-HOUR METER INVENTED?," [Online].

Available:https://high-techsbase.com/article/when-was-the-watt-hour-meter-
invented#

b. https://skmmart.com/product/non-invasive-ac-current-sensor- split-
corecurrent-transformer-sct-013-000-100a/

The books referred:

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