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Minor - Project File

Sleep Prevention System For Drivers

Submitted by:
Atul Mandal
Kavish Arya
Kratik Verma
Manjali Chaturvedi Submitted to:
Ravi Mourya Manish Jain Sir
Rohit Sharma
 Sleep Prevention System For Drivers

ABSTRACT :
Feeling sleepy while driving could cause hazardous traffic accident.
However, when driving alone on highway or driving over a long period
of time, drivers are inclined to feel bored and sleepy, or even fall asleep.
Nowadays most of the products of driver anti-sleep detection sold in the
market are simply earphone making intermittent noises, which is quite
annoying and inefficient. As such, there is a high demand for cheap and
efficient driver sleep detection. Therefore, we came up with an idea and
successfully developed a sleepy detection and alarming system, which
could effectively meet this demand

INTRODUCTION :
Project motivation and purpose The goal of this project is to develop a
system that can accurately detect sleepy driving and make alarms
accordingly, which aims to prevent the drivers from drowsy driving and
create a safer driving environment. The project was accomplished by a
Proximity Sensor (EYE BLINK) that continuously sensing their eyes &
processing algorithm of sleep detection, & a feedback circuit that could
active alarm & switch off the engine of vehicle. The system works well
irrespective of driver wearing Goggle. During the monitoring, the
system is able to decide if the eyes are closed or opened.
BLOCK REPRESENTATION
IR Sensor

Piezo Buzzer

Arduino nano
Power supply

Engine Motor

COMPONENT REQUIRED :
• Arduino Nano
• IR Sensor
• 5v relay
• Small piezo buzzer
• BO Motor with wheel
• 5v 1amp Adaptor
• Copper clad PCB
• Wire

Arduino Nano :
The Arduino Nano is a compact, versatile, and popular microcontroller
board that is part of the Arduino product family. It is designed for
prototyping and DIY electronics projects, offering a cost-effective
solution for individuals who want to experiment with embedded
systems, robotics, and various electronic applications. Here is a
description of the Arduino Nano
Microcontroller: The Arduino Nano is based on the Atmel
ATmega328P microcontroller, which operates at a clock speed of 16
MHz. This microcontroller provides a good balance of performance and
power efficiency for a wide range of applications.

Programming: Arduino Nano can be programmed using the Arduino

Integrated Development Environment (IDE), which simplifies the
process of writing, compiling, and uploading code to the board.
Form Factor: The Nano has a small form factor, usually around 45mm
x 18mm, making it suitable for projects with space constraints. It is
smaller than the popular Arduino Uno but retains similar functionality.
Input/Output Pins: The Nano features a number of digital and analog
input/output pins that can be used for connecting sensors, actuators,
displays, and other electronic components. It includes 14 digital pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 8 analog inputs, and multiple
power pins.
USB Interface: The board can be powered and programmed through a
USB connection. It uses a mini USB or micro USB port, depending on
the version.
Voltage Regulator: The Nano includes a built-in voltage regulator that
allows it to be powered with an external power supply in the range of 7-
12 volts or through the USB connection.
Memory: It has 32KB of flash memory for storing the program, 2KB of
SRAM for variables, and 1KB of EEPROM for data storage.

IR Sensor :
The Infrared (IR) sensor is a device that detects infrared radiation,
commonly used for proximity sensing and object detection. It emits and
receives infrared signals to identify changes in the surrounding
environment, making it valuable in applications such as robotics,
security systems, and automated appliances.
5v single channel relay :

A relay is an electromechanical switch that controls high-power

electrical devices using a low-power signal. It consists of a coil that,
when energized, produces a magnetic field, causing a switch to open or
close. Relays are crucial in automation, allowing small signals to control
larger electrical loads in various applications.

Small piezo buzzer :

A small piezo buzzer is a compact sound-producing device that utilizes a
piezoelectric element to generate sound vibrations. When an electric
signal is applied, the piezo crystal vibrates, producing audible tones.
These buzzers are commonly used in electronic devices, alarms, and
indicators due to their small size and simplicity.

BO Motor with wheel :

A BO motor, short for "Brushed DC Motor," is a type of direct current

electric motor that uses brushes to conduct current between the
stationary and rotating parts. "BO" may be a typo or abbreviation.
Brushed DC motors are widely used in robotics, electronics, and small-
scale automation. They consist of a rotor with a coil winding and a
commutator that reverses the current direction, causing the rotor to
rotate. These motors are simple, cost-effective, and suitable for various
applications.
5v 1amp Adaptor :

A 5V adapter is a power supply device that converts electrical input into

a stable 5-volt output. Typically used to power electronic devices,
microcontrollers, or sensors, it ensures a consistent voltage for reliable
operation. Commonly equipped with a USB or other connectors, it
facilitates convenient and standardized power delivery.

Copper clad PCB :

A copper-clad PCB (Printed Circuit Board) consists of a base material,
usually fiberglass, coated on one or both sides with a thin layer of
copper. The copper layer is etched to create conductive traces,
connecting electronic components. PCBs provide a compact and
organized platform for assembling and interconnecting electronic
circuits in various devices.

Methodology:
The proposed method is built in four stages and it is applied to the
Microcontroller
• IR LED focused to the eye.

• Photodiode senses the reflected ray and sends a corresponding

output to the Arduino.

• The Arduino compares the output with a set threshold and

determines eye status.

• If „closed eye‟ status comes in 10 out of last 60 reading to warn

the driver or to wake him.

Software Required:
Arduino I.D.E.
Code Language :
C, C++

Circuit diagram :

Other Methods :
Fixing the sensor in front of driver seat so that the sensors monitor the
eye movement of the driver periodically. If the eye lid of driver is not
showing any change for a period of time, the caution will be given to the
driver. This sensor should be fixed in such a way that it shall sense the
eye movement when the driver bends or sets erect.
Schematic diagram

Construction :
In this project several components are interfaced with Arduino nano as:
• The output pin of the I.R. sensor is connected to the D8 pin of an
Arduino.
• The buzzer is use as the output device & connected to the pin no.
D11 of Arduino.
• The switching relay circuit is connected to the pin no. D6. Of an
Arduino
• The D.C. Motor is connected to the N/O pin of the relay.
Code :
int sensor = 8;
int buzzer = 11;
int motor = 6;
void setup()
{
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sensor,INPUT);
pinMode(motor,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(motor,HIGH);
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
if(digitalRead(sensor)==0)
{
digitalWrite(11,LOW);
digitalWrite(motor,HIGH);
}
else
{
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor,LOW);
}
}

APPENDICES :
Vcc - 5 volts
Gnd - Ground
D8 - IR sensor
D11- Buzzer
D6 - Motor
Working :

A proximity sensor detects nearby objects without physical contact by

emitting electromagnetic fields or infrared radiation. We set’s the range
of object detection 3 to 5 mm to detect the eyelid of the driver . When
the driver’s eyes are closed for more than 3 seconds, then the sensor
gives the signal to the Arduino. We programmed Arduino as when
sensor gives the signal they activate alarm ASAP & also activate the
Switching relay circuit. When the relay circuit is activated it turn off’s
the motor in this project motor represents the engine of an vehicle
By the activation of an alarm if driver wake up then the alarm automatic
turns off and the system as well as the system will set on its initial state

Limitation :
Driver needs to wear a google all time if driver doesn’t wear google
system will not able to detect drowsiness.

Conclusion :
The proposed system helpful to avoid vehicle accidents because of
driver’s sleepiness using eye blink sensor, in this paper we study If the
driver becomes drowsy the eye blink sensor’s gives signal to micro
controller attached to the vehicle and also the buzzer it alerts the driver’s
through alarm sound to avoid the road accidents. The wheel is slowed or
stopped depending on the condition.