COMPULSORY

ENGLISH
(ENB-201)
B.A IIIrd Semester
Solved Assignments
AMU

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1. Write an essay in about two-hundred and fifty words on the
following topics:
“The pros and cons of Artificial Intelligence”.
OR
“The advantages and disadvantages of Science”.
The Pros and Cons of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various industries, making
processes faster, smarter, and more efficient. However, AI also has
limitations and risks that need to be considered.
Pros of AI:
1. Automation of Tasks: AI eliminates repetitive and mundane tasks,
allowing humans to focus on more complex activities.
2. Accuracy and Efficiency: AI-driven systems can perform
calculations and data analysis with high precision, reducing human
errors.
3. Medical Advancements: AI is used in diagnostics, robotic surgeries,
and drug discovery, improving healthcare outcomes.
4. Smart Assistants: Virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, and Google
Assistant help in daily tasks, making life more convenient.
5. Enhanced Security: AI-powered surveillance systems help detect
security threats, preventing crimes.
Cons of AI:
1. Job Losses: Automation replaces human workers, leading to
unemployment in many industries.
2. Lack of Creativity and Emotion: AI can analyze data but lacks
human intuition, creativity, and emotional intelligence.
3. Privacy Issues: AI systems collect massive amounts of data, raising
concerns about data security and misuse.
4. High Cost: Developing and maintaining AI technologies require
significant investment.
5. Ethical Concerns: AI can be misused for surveillance, hacking, and
deepfake technology, leading to ethical dilemmas.

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Conclusion:
While AI offers immense benefits, its risks must be managed with proper
regulations and ethical guidelines. A balanced approach is necessary to
ensure AI serves humanity positively.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Science
Science has played a crucial role in shaping the modern world. It has
improved our lives in various ways, but it also has some drawbacks.
Advantages of Science:
1. Technological Advancements: Science has led to the invention of
computers, smartphones, and the internet, making communication
and work easier.
2. Medical Breakthroughs: Vaccines, medicines, and surgical
advancements have increased life expectancy and reduced mortality
rates.
3. Improved Transportation: Science has given us airplanes, trains,
and automobiles, making travel faster and more convenient.
4. Better Agriculture: Scientific techniques like genetic modification
and fertilizers have increased food production, reducing hunger.
5. Space Exploration: Science has enabled humans to explore space,
leading to discoveries about the universe.
Disadvantages of Science:
1. Environmental Pollution: Industrialization and scientific
advancements have led to air, water, and land pollution.
2. Weapons of Mass Destruction: Science has contributed to the
development of nuclear weapons, posing a threat to global peace.
3. Health Issues: Excessive use of technology has led to lifestyle
diseases like obesity, stress, and depression.
4. Job Displacement: Automation and AI, by-products of scientific
advancements, have replaced many human jobs.
5. Ethical Dilemmas: Cloning, genetic engineering, and AI raise serious
ethical concerns.

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Conclusion:
Science has transformed our lives for the better, but it must be used
responsibly. Ethical considerations and environmental awareness are
essential to ensure that scientific progress benefits all of humanity.

2. As you are a news reporter working with a leading English daily,

write a report in about two-hundred and fifty words for the coverage
of ‘Maha Kumbh Mela’ of Sangam.
Maha Kumbh Mela 2025: A Grand Spiritual Gathering at Sangam
By [Your Name], Staff Reporter
Published in [Your Newspaper Name]
Prayagraj, India – The world’s largest religious congregation, the Maha
Kumbh Mela, began at the sacred Triveni Sangam, where the holy rivers
Ganga, Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati meet. Millions of devotees,
saints, and tourists have gathered to take part in this spiritual event, which
is held once every 12 years.
The festival is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology, with believers considering
the Kumbh Mela a divine opportunity to cleanse their sins and attain
spiritual liberation. The first Shahi Snan (royal bath) saw thousands of
Naga Sadhus leading the holy procession, followed by priests and devotees
taking a dip in the sacred waters.
The Uttar Pradesh government and local authorities have made extensive
arrangements for crowd management, sanitation, and security. Over
20,000 police personnel and 5,000 CCTV cameras have been deployed to
ensure safety. Medical camps, lost-and-found centers, and clean drinking
water facilities have been set up for the convenience of visitors.
Apart from religious activities, the Mela also features cultural programs,
yoga sessions, and spiritual discourses by renowned saints and scholars.
International tourists and researchers are also participating to witness this
unparalleled display of faith and tradition.
With an estimated 50 million attendees expected over the festival period,
the Maha Kumbh Mela 2025 is set to be one of the largest and most historic

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gatherings in human history. Authorities are ensuring a smooth and safe
experience for all pilgrims.
Conclusion
The Maha Kumbh Mela is not just a festival but a grand symbol of devotion,
unity, and spiritual awakening. As millions gather at the Sangam, the event
continues to inspire and strengthen India’s rich cultural heritage.

3.Write a debate in about two-hundred words on the given-below

topics:
“Which education mode is better: Online or Offline?”
OR
“Have major political leaders of the world turned into dictators?”

Debate: Which Education Mode is Better – Online or Offline?

For Online Education:
In the digital era, online education has revolutionized learning. It provides
flexibility and accessibility, allowing students to learn from anywhere at
their own pace. Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and Khan Academy offer
quality education to millions globally. Online education is cost-effective,
eliminating the need for travel and accommodation. Advanced AI-based
learning systems personalize education, catering to individual needs.
Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning ensured
uninterrupted education, proving its efficiency.
For Offline Education:
However, traditional offline education remains irreplaceable. It offers
structured learning, teacher-student interaction, and hands-on
experience, which are crucial for subjects requiring practical training like
medicine and engineering. Classroom learning fosters social skills,
discipline, and teamwork, which online learning lacks. Moreover, students
in remote areas may face internet connectivity issues, making offline
education a necessity.

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Conclusion:
Both modes have their pros and cons. A blended learning approach,
combining online flexibility with offline interaction, is the future of
education. Technology should enhance learning, not replace traditional
methods.
Debate: Have Major Political Leaders of the World Turned into Dictators?
For the Motion:
Many world leaders today exhibit authoritarian tendencies. They
manipulate elections, suppress opposition, and control the media to
maintain power. Policies restricting freedom of speech and increasing
surveillance indicate dictatorial behavior. Leaders in some countries have
extended their rule beyond democratic limits, weakening institutions
meant to check power.
Against the Motion:
However, not all leaders are dictators. Many operate within democratic
frameworks, following constitutional rules. Some authoritarian measures
are necessary for national security and economic stability. Leaders are
often judged harshly, but strong leadership is different from
dictatorship.
Conclusion:
While some leaders misuse power, democracy still functions in many
nations. Citizens must remain vigilant and uphold democratic values to
prevent dictatorship.

4.As you are a member of the team of a Group Discussion, give yours
valuable thoughts and insights in about two-hundred and fifty words
on the following topics:

“Can peace be attained through air-raids and bombings?”

OR “
Is war-truce just a lie and a propaganda?”

Group Discussion: Can Peace Be Attained Through Air Raids and Bombings?
War has always been a tool for achieving power and dominance, but can air
raids and bombings truly bring peace? The destruction caused by modern

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warfare is immense, leading to massive civilian casualties, displacement,
and long-term economic devastation. History has shown that bombings
often fuel more hatred and retaliation, rather than resolving conflicts.
For instance, the wars in the Middle East have seen continuous bombings,
but have they brought stability? No. Instead, they have worsened
humanitarian crises, leaving thousands homeless and fostering more
extremism. True peace cannot be built on destruction; it requires
dialogue, understanding, and cooperation.
On the other hand, some argue that military force is necessary in extreme
cases, such as fighting terrorism or defending national sovereignty.
However, even in these cases, bombings should be the last resort.
Diplomacy, economic cooperation, and international mediation are the
real pathways to peace. Instead of dropping bombs, countries should invest
in conflict resolution strategies, education, and economic development to
prevent war in the first place.
Conclusion: War only creates temporary ceasefires, not lasting peace. Air
raids and bombings destroy infrastructure and lives but fail to eliminate the
root causes of conflict. Only negotiation and diplomacy can ensure lasting
harmony.
Group Discussion: Is War-Truce Just a Lie and Propaganda?
Throughout history, war truces have been declared, but many have ended in
renewed conflict. Is a truce a real step toward peace, or is it just a
temporary tactic to regroup and rearm?
Some argue that many truces are mere political strategies. World War I
saw the famous Christmas Truce, where soldiers briefly stopped fighting,
only to resume battle days later. Similarly, the Israeli-Palestinian ceasefires
have often been broken within weeks. Many nations agree to truces under
international pressure, only to use the time to strengthen their military
positions.
However, not all truces are propaganda. Some agreements have led to
long-term peace, such as the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland.
If a truce is followed by genuine diplomatic efforts, trust-building, and
policy changes, it can end war permanently. The problem arises when

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nations fail to address the underlying issues that caused the war in the
first place.
Conclusion: A truce is not always a lie, but it depends on the intentions of
the parties involved. For a war-truce to be successful, it must be
accompanied by sincere efforts toward peace, not just a pause for future
aggression.

5. What are Linking Devices and Structural Patterns? Support yours

answer with suitable examples.

Linking Devices and Structural Patterns

Linking Devices
Linking devices, also known as connectors, transition words, or cohesive
devices, are words and phrases that help establish connections between
ideas in a sentence, paragraph, or essay. They improve the flow and clarity
of writing by ensuring logical progression between points.
Types of Linking Devices with Examples
1. Addition (to add more information)
• Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, Additionally, Not only that
• Example: "She is an excellent student. Moreover, she actively
participates in extracurricular activities."
2. Contrast (to show differences)
• However, On the other hand, Nevertheless, In contrast, Whereas
• Example: "The new policy benefits large businesses. However,
small enterprises struggle to adapt."
3. Cause and Effect (to explain reasons or consequences)
• Therefore, As a result, Consequently, Thus, Due to
• Example: "The roads were slippery. As a result, many accidents
occurred."
4. Comparison (to show similarities)
• Similarly, Likewise, Just as, In the same way
• Example: "She enjoys classical music. Similarly, her brother is a
fan of opera."

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 5. Time/Sequence (to indicate order)
• First, Next, Then, Finally, Meanwhile, Subsequently
• Example: "First, mix the ingredients. Then, bake for 30
minutes."
6. Emphasis (to highlight importance)
• Indeed, In fact, Above all, Most importantly
• Example: "Indeed, regular exercise improves overall health."
7. Conclusion/Summary (to wrap up ideas)
• In conclusion, To sum up, All in all, To summarize
• Example: "To summarize, investing in renewable energy is
crucial for the future."
Structural Patterns
Structural patterns refer to the arrangement of words, phrases, and
clauses within a sentence to create meaning. Understanding these
structures helps in forming grammatically correct and meaningful
sentences.
Types of Structural Patterns with Examples
1. Simple Sentence (one independent clause)
• Example: "She loves reading books."
2. Compound Sentence (two independent clauses joined by a linking
word/conjunction)
• Example: "She loves reading books, but she dislikes watching
movies."
3. Complex Sentence (one independent clause + one or more
dependent clauses)
• Example: "Although she loves reading books, she dislikes
watching movies."
4. Compound-Complex Sentence (two independent clauses + one or
more dependent clauses)
• Example: "Although she loves reading, she dislikes watching
movies, but she enjoys documentaries."
5. Phrase (a group of words that do not have a subject-verb
combination)
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 • Example: "In the morning, she goes jogging."
6. Clause (a group of words with a subject and a verb)
• Example: "She goes jogging because she enjoys fresh air."
Conclusion
Linking devices help in creating coherence and logical flow in writing,
whereas structural patterns ensure grammatical accuracy. Mastering both
elements leads to effective communication and well-structured writing.

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