Chapter 12:

Noun clauseS
 Group members
Võ Hoàng Thanh Nhã LEADER
Điểu Thị Yến
Nguyễn Thị Như
La Thị Phương Mai
Nguyễn Tấn Sâm
Nguyễn Cao Hoàng Gia
 INTRODUCTION
WHAT ARE NOUN CLAUSES ?
Presented by Võ Hoàng Thanh Nhã
 1. INTRODUction
A CLAUSE is a group of words containing a subject and a verb.
e.g. She ran
A PHRASE is a group of words that does not contain a subject and a
verb.
e.g. on the table, under the lemon tree
AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE is a complete sentence. It contains the
main the subject and verb of a sentence. It CAN stand alone.
e.g. Sue live in Tokyo.
A DEPENDENT CLAUSE is NOT a complete sentence. It CANNOT stand
NOUN CLAUSE
alone.
e.g. We don't know where Sue lives.
 what ARE noun clauses ?
A noun clause is dependent clause that functions as a noun in
a sentence.
It is used as
a subject: e.g.The story is unbelievable.
an object of verb: e.g.They believed the story.
an object of a preposition: e.g I listened to the story.
a complement: e.g. A major concern is the fast changes.
 Noun clauses
beginning with
a question word
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
NOUN CLAUSES BEGINNING WITH A
QUESTION WORD
Information questions can be used as noun clauses.
e.g . where he will go.
Questions words such as what, when, why,.. are used to begin such clauses.
The subject precedes the verb like in statements.
e.g. Why he’s late is because the trains were delayed.
How we get there is key to enjoying the trip.
Auxiliary verbs added to form the questions are not used in forming noun
clauses
e.g. What did he say?
---> I couldn’t hear what he said.
 QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE EXPLAIN
Noun clauses can begin with
question words.
WH S V In (a): where she lives in Noun
Clauses. It is the object of the
Where does she live? (a) I don't know where she lives.
verb know. In a noun clauses.
What did he say? (b) I couldn't hear what he said.
the subject precedes the verb
When do they go? (c) Do you know when they went.
+NOTE: Do not use question
word order in a noun clause.
Helping verb does, did and do
are used in question but not
in clauses.
QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE EXPLAIN
in (d) and (e) The word order
S V
is the same in both the
Who live there? (d) I don't know who live there.
question and the noun clause
Who is at the door (e) I wonder who is at the door
because who is the subject in
both.
QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE EXPLAIN
In (f): those men is the subject of the
question, so it is placed in front of
the verb be in the noun clause.
S
Who are those (f) I don't know who those men COMPARE:
men? are. Who is at the door? = who is the
subject of the question
V
Who are those men?= those men
is the subject of the question, so
be is plural
QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE EXPLAIN

S V The noun clause can come at the

beginning of the sentence.
What did she say?
(h) what she said surprosed me.
In (h): What she said is the subject of
(I) What they will do is obvious the sentence.
What will they do?
Notice in (i): A noun clause subject
takes a singular verb (e.g. is).
 NOUN CLAUSES
BEGINNING WITH
WHETHER OR IF
Presented by Nguyễn Cao Hoàng Gia
beginning with whether - if
H E R
E T Noun clauses beginning with "whether" or
WH "if" are often used to express uncertainty
or to introduce indirect questions.

e.g. I don't know whether she will come or not.

beginning with whether - if
E R
ETH
These clauses can function as the
WH
subject or object of a sentence, or as the
complement of a verb or preposition.
e.g. : I wonder whether he needs help.
=> I wonder if he needs help.
 Noun clause
if WHETHER

If : is used in both Whether: is more

conversation and common in formal
formal English. It English. It implies
implies that there is a choice a mong
yes/no question alternatives
 QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE

Does he I wonder if he needs help.

need help?
I wonder whether he needs help.

I wonder if she will come or not.

Will she come? I don't know whether she will come.

I wonder whether or not she will come.

I wonder whether she will come or not.

 QUESTION
WORDS
FOLLOWED BY
INFINITIVES
presented by Điểu Thị Yến
 1. Question words ( when, where, how, who,
whom, whose, what. which, and whether)
may be followed by an infinitive.
(a) I don't know what I should do.
=> (b) I don't know what to do.
2. Each pair of sentences in the examples has the
same meaning.
(c) Jim told us where we could find it.
=> (d) Jim told us where to find it.
3. Notice that the meaning expressed by the
infinitive is either should or can/ could.
(e) Pam can't decide whether she should go or
stay home.
=>(f) Pam can't decide whether to go or (to) stay
home.
 noun clauses
beginning with "that"
Presented By: Nguyễn Tấn Sâm
 VERB + THAT - CLAUSE

PERSPON + BE + ADJ + THAT - noun

CLAUSE
clauses
IT + BE + ADJ + THAT CLAUSE beginning
with "that"
THAT CLAUSE USED AS A
SUBJECT
 VERB + THAT CLAUSE:

noun clause
V

(a) I think that Bob will come.

"that" is usually omitted in speaking

(b) I think Bob will come.

It is usually included in formal writing.
 VERB + THAT CLAUSE:
see the list bellow for commonly followed by a that -
clause:
agree that feel that know that remember that
believe that find out that learn that say that
decide that forget that notice that tell someone that
discover that hear that promise that think that
explain that hope that read that understand that
 PERSON + BE ADJ + THAT CLAUSE

(c) Jan is happy (that) Bob called.

that clauses commonly follow certain adjectives, such as

happy, when the subject refers to a person (or persons)
 PERSON +BE + ADJ + THAT CLAUSE:
see the list bellow

afraid
glad
amazed pleased
PERSON / angry
+ BE + proud + that ____
PERSONS aware relieved
certain happy
confident
disappointed
 IT + BE + ADJ + THAT CLAUSE:

(d) It is clear ( that) Ann likes her new job.

that clauses commonly follow certain adjectives in

sentences that begin with it + be, as in (d).
 IT+ BE + ADJ + THAT - CLAUSE
see the list bellow

amazing obvious
clear posible
good strage
IT'S + + that ____
important surprising
interesting true
likely underiable
lucky well known
nice wonderful
 THAT CLAUSE USED AS A SUBJECT
(e) That Ann like her new job is clear.
=> It is posible but uncommon for that clauses to be used as the S of a
sentence. The word that is not omitted when the that- clause is used as S

(f) The fact (that) Ann likes her new job is clear.
(g) It is a fact ( that) Ann likes her new job.

=> More often, a that-clause in the S position begins with the fact that, as in
(f), or is introduced by it is a fact, as in (g)
 QUOTED
SPEECH
Presented by Nguyễn Thị Như
Quoted speech
Quoted spech refers to
reproducing words exactly as they
were originally spoken or written.*
Quotation marks ("...")
are used..**
 Quoting One Sentence
(a) She said, "My brother is a student,"
(b) "My brother is a student," she said.
(c) "My brother," she said, "is a student."

(a): Use a comma after she said. Capitalize the first word of the quoted sentence.
Put the final quotation marks outside the period at the end of the sentence.
In (b): Use a comma, not a period, at the end of the quoted sentence when it
precedes she said.
In (c): If the quoted sentence is divided by she said, use a comma after the first
part of the quote. Do not capitalize the first word after she said.
 Quoting More Than One Sentence
(d) "My brother is a student. He is attending a
university," she said.
(e) "My brother is a student," she said. "He is
attending a university."

In (d): Quotation marks are placed at the beginning and end of the
complete quote. Notice: There are no quotation marks after student.
In (e): Since she said comes between two quoted sentences, the second
sentence begins with quotation marks and a capital letter
Quoting a Question or an Exclamation

(f) She asked, "When will you be here?"

(g) "When will you be here?" she asked.
(h) She said, "Watch out!"

In (f): The question mark is inside the closing quotation marks since it is
part of the quotation.
In (g): Since a question mark is used, no comma is used before she
asked.
In (h): The exclamation point is inside the closing quotation marks
Quoting a Question or an Exclamation

( i ) "My brother is a student," said Anna.

"My brother," said Anna, "is a student."

In (i ): The noun subject (Anna) follows said. A noun subject often follows
the verb when the subject and verb come in the middle or at the end of
a quoted sentence.
NOTE: A pronoun subject almost always precedes the verb. "My brother
is a student," she said. VERY RARE: "My brother is a student," said she.
Quoting a Question or an Exclamation
(j) "Let's leave," whispered Dave.
(k) "Please help me," beggedthe homeless man.
(I) "Well," Jack began, "it's a long story."

Say and ask are the most commonly used quote verbs.
Some others: add, agree, announce, answer, beg, begin,
comment, complain, confess, continue, explain, inquire,
promise, remark, reply, respond, shout, suggest, whisper.
 reported
speech
PRESENTED BY LA THỊ PHƯƠNG MAI
 reported speech

Quoted speech uses a person's exact words, and it

is set off by quotation marks. Reported speech uses
a noun clause to report what someone has said. No
quotation marks are used.
NOTE: This chart presents general guidelines to
follow. You may encounter variations.
 QUOTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

She said
(a) "The
(that) the
world is
world is
round."
round.

The present tense is used when the reported sentence deals with a
general truth, as in (a).
That is optional; it is more common in writing than speaking.
 REPORTED SPEECH
QUOTED SPEECH
He says he works at
night.
(b) "I work He has said that he
at night." works at night.
- He will say that he works
at night.

When the reporting verb is simple present, present

perfect, or future, the verb in the noun clause does
not change
If the reporting verb (e.g., said) is simple past, the verb in the noun clause will usually
be in a past form. Here are some general guidelines:
simple present-------------> simple past
present continuous--------->past continuous
present perfect------------>past perfect
past perfect -------------->no change
simple past --------------->no change or past perfect

QUOTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

(c) "I work at night." -(c) He said he worked at night.

-(d) He said he was working.
(d) "I am working."
-(e) He said he worked/had worked.
(e) "I worked." CHANGE
-(f) He said he had worked.
(f) "I have worked."
-(g) He said he had worked.
(g) "I had worked."
(h) Immediate reporting:
- What did the teacher just say? I didn't hear him.
- He said he wants us to read Chapter 6.
( i ) Later reporting:
- I didn't go to class yesterday. Did Mr. Jones give
any assignments?
- Yes. He said he wanted us to read Chapter 6
 (j) "Leave."
---> She told me to leave.

In reported speech, an imperative sentence

is changed to an infinitive.
Tell is used instead of say as the reporting
verb.*
Reported Speech:
Modal Verbs in
Noun Clauses
PRESENTED BY NGUYỄN CAO HOÀNG GIA
 (a) "I can go."---------------------------> She said she could go.
(b) "I may go."------------------> She said she may/might go.
(c) "I must go."----------------------> She said she had to go.
(d) "I have to go."---------------------> She said she had to go.
(e) "I will go."--------------------------> She said she would go.
(f) "I am going to go." -------> She said she was going to go.

The following modal and phrasal modal verbs change when the reporting
verb is in the past:
can ---> could may ---> may/might
must ---> had to have to --> had to
will ---> would am/is/are going to ---> was/were going to
(g) "I should go."-------------------------------> She said she should go.
(h) "I ought to go."----------------------------> She said she ought to go.
( i ) "I might go."--------------------------------> She said she might go

The following modals do not change when the reporting

verb is in the past:
ought
might NO CHANGE
should to
1. He told me when I should come.
-> He told_________ Exercise:
2. What time is it ?
-> I don't know________
3. ______ she can ghet along with your mother is another matter.
(a) Whether (b) If (c) Either could be used here
4. He is expected (arrive) _____________________in a few days.
5. "Have you ever met Ms Powell?"
->Mr Peterson asked me________
6.She said," May I watch TV ?"
-> She said (me) _____________
7. She said, " I 'll remind you to water the plants tomorrow."
-> She said______________________
8. I can't decide ________ to go on a diet or not
(A) whether (B) If (C) Either could be used here.
 1. He told me when to come.
2. I don't know what time it is.
3. ______ she can ghet along with your mother is another matter.
(A)
(a) Whether (b) If (c) Either could be used here
4. He is expected (arrive) to arrive in a few days.
5. Mr Peterson asked me If I had ever met Ms Powell.
6. She said she might watch TV.
7. She said she would remind me to water the plants the next day.
8. I can't decide ________ to go on a diet or not.
(A) whether (B) If (C) Either could be used here.

KEY ANSWER
Any questions?