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CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-Board Examination APR 2025

Monday, March 17, 2025, 08:00 AM – 01:00 PM

PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one
answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the
answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

SITUATION 1: Light-grade steel channel is used as a purlin of a truss. The top chord of the
truss is inclined 1V:3H and distance between trusses is equal to 3 m. The purlin has a
weight of 75 N/m and is spaced at 1 m on centers. The dead load including the roof materials
is 800 Pa, live load of 500 Pa and wind load of 1200 Pa on roof surface. Coefficient of
pressure at leeward and windward are 0.2 and 0.6 respectively. Allowable stresses are Fbx =
Fby = 138 MPa; Sx = 4.48 x 104 mm3; Sy = 1.18 x 104 mm3
1. Ratio of maximum bending to allowable bending stress due to combination of DL + LL.
A. 0.84 C. 0.73
B. 0.62 D. 0.60

2. Ratio of maximum bending to allowable bending stress due to combination of 0.75(DL +

LL + WL). Sag rods are placed at mid-point.
A. 0.52 C. 0.39
B. 0.45 D. 0.73

3. Calculate the allowable spacing (m) due to combination of 0.75(DL + LL + WL) without
sag rods.
A. 1.23 C. 1.32
B. 1.43 D. 1.62

SITUATION 2:
Given: P = 380 kN
Allowable weld stress, Fvw = 93 MPa
b = 500 mm

4. Calculate the average vertical force per unit length of weld (N/mm) if a = 0.
A. 240 C. 380
B. 360 D. 720

5. Calculate the resultant force per unit length of weld (N/mm) due to eccentric load if
a = 200 mm.
A. 864 C. 936
B. 927 D. 886

6. If the resultant force per unit length of is 750 N/mm, find the required weld thickness
(mm).
A. 132 C. 144
B. 138 D. 150

SITUATION 3: The flooring of a warehouse is made up of double-tee joists (DT) as shown in

Figure LPT-012. The joists are simply supported on a span of 7.5m and are pre tensioned
with one tendon in each stem with an initial force of 745 kN each, located at 75 mm above
the bottom fiber, loss of stress at service load is 18%. Load imposed on the joists are:
Dead load = 2.3 kPa (does not include self -eight)
Live load = 6 kPa
Properties of DT: A = 200,000 mm² yt = 88 mm I = 1880 x 10^6 mm^4 yb = 267 mm
7. Compute the stress at the top fiber of the DT at mid-span due to the initial pre
stressing force and self-weight.
A. 4.36 (T) C. 17.11 (C)
B. 9.67 (T) D. 20.84 (C)
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CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-Board Examination APR 2025

Monday, March 17, 2025, 08:00 AM – 01:00 PM

PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

8. Compute the resulting stress at the bottom fiber of the DT at mid-span due to the
service loads and final pre-stressing force.
A. 14.74 (C) C. 6.45 (T)
B. 9.75 (T) D. 28.19 (C)

9. What additional super imposed load can the DT carry such that the resulting stress at
the bottom fibers at mid-span is zero?
A. 7.33 kPa C. 14.76 kPa
B. 6.15 kPa D. 4.07 kPa

Figure LPT-012
SITUATION 4: A pipe carrying steam at 3.5 MPa has an outside diameter of 450 mm and a wall
thickness of 10 mm as shown in Figure UT09. A gasket is inserted between the flange at one
end of the pipe and a flat plate used to cap the end.
10. Calculate the required force to hold the cap on.
A. 508.270 kN C. 556.650 kN
B. 532.185 kN D. 596.325 kN

11. How many 40 mm diameter bolts must be used to hold the cap on if the allowable stress
in the bolts is 80 MPa, of which 55 MPa is the initial stress?
A. 16 C. 18
B. 17 D. 19

12. What circumferential stress is developed in the pipe?

A. 37.625 MPa C. 75.25 MPa
B. 36.75 MPa D. 73.5 MPa

SD-1
Column allowable compressive load: 𝑃 = 𝐹𝑎 𝐴
2𝜋 2 𝐸
𝐶𝑐 = √
𝐹𝑦
Case 1:
𝑘𝐿
≤ 𝐶𝑐
𝑟
2
(𝑘𝐿⁄𝑟 ) 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑎 = [1 − ]
2𝐶𝑐2 𝐹𝑆
3
𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝐿
5 3( ⁄𝑟) ( ⁄𝑟 )
Figure UT09 𝐹𝑆 = + −
3 8𝐶𝑐 8𝐶𝑐3
Case 2:
𝑘𝐿
> 𝐶𝑐
𝑟
12𝜋 2 𝐸
𝐹𝑎 = 2
23(𝑘𝐿⁄𝑟)

SITUATION 5: Properties of the WF Column

Area, A = 7610 mm2
Slenderness ratio, kL/r
about x-axis = 53.8
about y-axis = 144.0
Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa
Use the provided provision in figure SD-1 for compression members.
13. Which of the following gives the allowable compressive stress (MPa) based on the
slenderness ratio about the y-axis?
A. 46.0 C. 52.1
B. 49.7 D. 55.6

14. Which of the following gives the allowable compressive stress (MPa) based on the
slenderness ratio about the x-axis?
A. 175 C. 92
B. 124 D. 85
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CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-Board Examination APR 2025

Monday, March 17, 2025, 08:00 AM – 01:00 PM

PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

15. Calculate the permissible compressive load (kN).

A. 378.2 C. 350.1
B. 943.6 D. 1331.8

SITUATION 6: When the columns at E and H of the floor framing plan shown are deleted, girder
BEHK becomes a one span fixed ended beam supporting beam DEF at E and beam GHI at H. The
following loads on girder BEHK are as follows:
Concentrated load at E = 266 kN
Concentrated load at H = 266 kN
Uniform load throughout its length = 5 kN/m
S = 2.5 m; L = 6 m
16. Calculate the resulting shear (kN) at B due to the given load.
A. 225.64 C. 284.75
B. 178.90 D. 315.15

17. Calculate the maximum shear (kN) at E induced by the concentrated loads only.
A. 266 C. 532
B. 133 D. 315

18. Calculate the maximum positive moment (kN-m) due to the uniformly distributed load.
A. 27.51 C. 21.23
B. 16.50 D. 11.72

SITUATION 7: A highway load composed of a uniform load of magnitude 100 kN/m and a
concentrated load of 150 kN passes through a simply supported beam 10 m long with an overhang
of 3 m to the right. There is a uniform dead load applied over the entire span of 20 kN/m.
19. Based on the influence line diagram for the maximum reaction at the left support,
determine the reaction.
A. 650 kN C. 605 kN
B. 696 kN D. 741 kN

20. Based on the influence line diagram for the maximum shear at midspan, determine the
maximum negative shear.
A. 254 kN C. 375 kN
B. 245 kN D. 475 kN

21. Based on the influence line diagram for the maximum moment at midspan, determine the
maximum positive moment.
A. 1625 kN-m C. 1830 kN-m
B. 1400 kN-m D. 365 kN-m

SITUATION 8: A W350x82 column (bf = 250 mm, d = 350 mm) carries a factored axial load of
1,632 kN. It bears on a steel base plate 500 mm x 600 mm on a square footing 2.4 m x 2.4 m
x 450 mm. Concrete cover to bar centroid of steel reinforcement for bending = 100 mm.
Critical section for shear is defined at distance “d” for one way shear and distance “d/2”
for two-way shear, from midway of column face and edge of base plate.
22. Calculate the ultimate beam shear stress in MPa at critical section.
A. 0.59 C. 0.76
B. 0.82 D. 0.65

23. Calculate the ultimate punching shear stress in MPa at critical section.
A. 1.50 C. 1.41
B. 1.63 D. 1.08
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CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-Board Examination APR 2025

Monday, March 17, 2025, 08:00 AM – 01:00 PM

PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

24. Calculate the maximum ultimate bending moment in kN·m on the footing slab if the
critical section for bending is midway of column face and edge of base plate.
A. 242.67 C. 366.14
B. 392.91 D. 233.26

SITUATION 9: Two prismatic bars are fastened together and support a vertical load of 45 kN,
as shown in Figure LWT 33.1. The upper bar is steel having length 10 m and cross-sectional
area 60 cm2. The lower bar is brass having length 6 m and cross-sectional area 50 cm2. For
steel γ = 77 kN/m3 and E = 200 GPa, for brass γ = 84 kN/m3 and E = 100 GPa.
25. Determine the maximum stress in steel bar.
A. 9.50 MPa C. 10.12 MPa
B. 8.69 MPa D. 12.56 MPa

26. Determine the elongation of steel.

A. 0.54 mm C. 0.415 mm
B. 0.375 mm D. 0.396 mm

27. Determine the total elongation of the bars.

A. 0.970 mm C. 0.909 mm
B. 0.989 mm D. 0.915 mm

Figure BM-BM12

Figure LWT 33.1

SITUATION 10: Refer to Figure BM-BM12. A 290 N/m crane rail sits on and is securely fastened
to a W400 mm x 67 kg/m crane girder. The girder is simply supported on a span of 9 m. Crane
wheel loads: V = 80 kN; H = 8 kN. Assume full transfer of lateral load to the top flange of
the girder.
Girder properties are: A = 8,580 mm 2; Ix = 2.44 x 108 mm4; d = 400 mm; Iy = 0.14 x 108 mm4;
bf = 179 mm; tw = 8.5 mm; tf = 14 mm
28. Calculate the maximum bending stress (MPa) about the x-axis in the girder.
A. 155.4 C. 147.5
B. 138.1 D. 128.0

29. Calculate the maximum bending stress (MPa) about the y-axis in the girder.
A. 155.4 C. 230.1
B. 257.1 D. 207.0

30. Using the interaction formula, fbx/Fbx + fby/Fby, calculate the maximum span of the
girder so that the section shall be adequate for the given loads if the allowable
stresses are: Fbx = 207 MPa and Fby = 258 MPa.
A. 5.5 C. 7.5
B. 6.5 D. 4.5

SITUATION 11: A monolithic floor framing plan is shown in Figure CD-CM ACI12. The columns
are 400 mm square, girders are 300 mm wide by 400 mm deep below the slab and slabs are 100
mm thick. The superimposed floor dead load is 3 kPa and the service floor live load is 4.8
kPa. U = 1.2D + 1.6L and use concrete weight = 24 kN/m3.
31. Calculate the ultimate positive moment in kN-m on girder FG by ACI Moment
Coefficients.
A. 86.27 C. 107.63
B. 125.56 D. 84.48

32. Calculate the ultimate negative moment in kN-m at F on girder FG.

A. 146.98 C. 88.13
B. 135.17 D. 106.28

33. Calculate the ultimate positive moment on girder EF.

A. 98.78 C. 96.55
B. 71.84 D. 87.42
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CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-Board Examination APR 2025

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PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

Figure CD-CM ACI12

SITUATION 12: A cable supports a load of 50 kg/m uniformly distributed with respect to the
horizontal and is suspended from the two fixed points located as shown in Figure 55-PC.
34. Determine the horizontal location from left support of the minimum tension in the
cable.
A. 62.45 m C. 54.12 m
B. 58.58 m D. 60.82 m

35. Determine the minimum tension in the cable.

A. 21 kN C. 42 kN
B. 24 kN D. 48 kN

36. Determine the maximum tension in the cable.

A. 28.7 kN C. 35.6 kN
B. 30.6 kN D. 38.9 kN
Figure 55-PC
SITUATION 13: A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness
of 20 mm, is subjected to an internal pressure of 4.5 MN/m2.
37. Calculate the tangential stresses in the steel.
A. 45 MPa C. 55 MPa
B. 50 MPa D. 60 MPa

38. Calculate the longitudinal stresses in the steel.

A. 22.5 MPa C. 27.5 MPa
B. 25 MPa D. 30 MPa

39. To what value may the internal pressure be increased if the stress in the steel is
limited to 120 MN/m2?
A. 8 MPa C. 16 MPa
B. 12 MPa D. 24 MPa

SITUATION 14: A hollow circular pole 3 m high is fixed at the base. It is 6 mm thick, and
its outside diameter is 300 mm. The pole is subjected to a torque and a lateral force at
the free end.
Give:
Torque T = 25 kN-m
Lateral force H = 3 kN
Shear modulus of elasticity = 78 GPa
Allowable shear stress = 60 MPa
40. What is the maximum shear stress (MPa) at the outside surface of the pole due to
torque T?
A. 31.3 C. 19.3
B. 47.4 D. 27.6
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CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-Board Examination APR 2025

Monday, March 17, 2025, 08:00 AM – 01:00 PM

PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

41. What is the angle of twist (degrees) due to the torque T?

A. 0.89 C. 0.98
B. 0.46 D. 1.04

42. Find the maximum flexural stress (MPa) at the base of the pole due to the lateral
force.
A. 18.9 C. 22.5
B. 23.4 D. 27.5

SITUATION 15: A 4-span continuous beam supports a uniformly distributed load of 30 kN/m
over the entire span. The distance between supports is 5 m.
43. Determine the negative bending moment at the first interior support from the left in
kN-m.
A. 62.50 C. 80.36
B. 93.75 D. 53.57

44. Determine the negative bending moment at the middle interior support in kN-m.
A. 62.50 C. 80.36
B. 93.75 D. 53.57

45. Determine the maximum positive moment of the end span.

A. 31.25 C. 52.73
B. 41.67 D. 57.88

SITUATION 16: The coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the 100-kg block and
the inclined plane are 0.30 and 0.20, respectively, in figure MECH-12.
46. Calculate the friction force (N) acting on the block when P is applied with a magnitude
of 200 N to the block at rest.
A. 46 C. 52
B. 66 D. 56

47. Calculate the force P (N) required to initiate motion up the incline from rest.
A. 516 C. 381
B. 445 D. 476

48. Calculate the friction force (N) acting on the block if P = 600 N.
A. 198.6 C. 218.3
B. 148.5 D. 198.6

Figure MECH-12
Figure STL-D46
SITUATION 17: A beam-to-column connection is made with a structural tee as shown in Figure
STL-D46. Eight 20-mm-diameter, fully tightened bearing-type bolts are used to attach the
flange of the tee to the column flange. It is subjected to a total service load of R at an
eccentricity e. Assume that the bolt threads are in the plane of shear. The column flange
is 10 mm thick and the tee flange is 12 mm thick.
49. Calculate the maximum beam reaction R if the allowable shear stress in the bolts is
100 MPa.
A. 251 kN C. 502 kN
B. 337.5 kN D. 168.75

50. Calculate the maximum bearing stress in MPa in the members connected if R = 270 kN.
A. 107.43 C. 140.62
B. 120.32 D. 168.75

51. Calculate the maximum eccentricity of the load R = 270 kN if the allowable tensile
stress in the bolts is 147 MPa.
A. 70 mm C. 90 mm
B. 85 mm D. 65 mm
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CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-Board Examination APR 2025

Monday, March 17, 2025, 08:00 AM – 01:00 PM

PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

SITUATION 18: Refer to Figure SMM3-R45, The bridge truss shown has a span of 8 m and carries
a concentrated load of 116 kN and a uniform load of 12 kN/m.
52. Compute the maximum ordinate of the influence line for the stress in member CE.
A. -0.417 C. 0.417
B. -0.833 D. 0.833

53. Compute the stress of member CE due to concentrated load of 116 kN only.
A. 48.372 (C) C. 48.372 (T)
B. 96.66 (C) D. 96.66 (T)

54. Compute the total stress of member CE.

A. 68.388 (C) C. 68.388 (T)
B. 136.66 (T) D. 136.66 (T)

Figure SMM3-R45

SITUATION 19: A square footing 2.4 m x 2.4 m x 0.45 m thick supports a rectangular column
300mm x 400 mm at its center. Column loads are service conditions: DL = 680 kN; LL = 400
kN; fy = 275 MPa; f’c = 20.7 MPa. Concrete cover to the centroid of steel reinforcement =
100 mm. Use reduction factor for shear = 0.85
55. Calculate the maximum nominal beam-shear stress acting at the critical section of
the footing slab in MPa.
A. 0.62 C. 0.57
B. 0.76 D. 0.67

56. Calculate the ultimate punching-shear stress acting at the critical section of the
footing slab in MPa.
A. 1.66 C. 1.52
B. 1.79 D. 1.34

57. Calculate the maximum ultimate bending moment in kN∙m on the footing slab.
A. 166.60 C. 374.85
B. 340 D. 143.65

SITUATION 20: Identify the following items described below.

58. A method of pre-stressing reinforced concrete in which member is cast before cables
or wires are tensioned.
A. Pre-tensioning C. Pre-casting
B. Post Tensioning D. Post Casting

59. The continuous deformation of concrete over extended periods of time and sustained
loads.
A. Shrinkage C. Relaxation
B. Creep D. Elastic Shortening

60. Time-dependent reduction of stress in prestressing tendon at constant strain.

A. Shrinkage C. Relaxation
B. Creep D. Elastic Shortening

61. It is the pre-compression of probable tension zone to eliminate tension and reduce
amount of deflection.
A. Rebonding C. Prestressing
B. Reinforcing D. Precasting

62. A method of pre-stressing reinforced concrete in which the concrete is cast and cured
before tendons are tensioned.
A. Pre-tensioning C. Pre-casting
B. Post Tensioning D. Post Casting

63. Identify the principle used in equations related to the deformation of axially loaded
material that the stress is proportional to the strain within the elastic St. Venant’s
Principle region.
A. Hooke’s Law C. Pascal’s Law
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CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-Board Examination APR 2025

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PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

B. Bernoulli’s Law D. Poisson’s ratio

SITUATION 21: The circular bar 20 mm in diameter shown in STRM09 is bent into a semicircle
with a mean radius of 600 mm. Given P = 2000 N and F = 1000 N.
64. Compute the reaction at B.
A. 1545 N C. 933 N
B. 1732 N D. 1232 N

65. Compute the reaction at A.

A. 1545 N C. 933 N
B. 1732 N D. 1232 N

66. Compute the maximum bending stress in MPa developed in section a-a.
A. 331 C. 260
B. 420 D. 510

Figure STRM09
SITUATION 22: Two plates, each 11 mm thick, are bolted together form a lapped tension member
as shown. Diameter of bolts are 18 mm, and the plate material is A36 steel with Fy = 250
MPa and Fu = 400 MPa. Assume the fasteners are adequate and do not control the tensile
capacity. The diameter of hole is 3 mm bigger than the diameter of bolt. See figure SS-12.
67. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on gross area.
A. 577.5 kN C. 770 kN
B. 412.5 kN D. 495 kN

68. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on net area.
A. 457.6 kN C. 631.4 kN
B. 651.2 kN D. 562.2 kN

69. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on block shear strength.
A. 594 kN C. 530 kN
B. 704 kN D. 802 kN

Figure SS-12
SITUATION 23: A concrete beam with a rectangular section 300 mm wide and 500 mm deep is
prestressed by 2 post-tensioned cables of area 600 mm2 each, initially stressed to 1600 MPa.
The cables are located at a constant eccentricity of 100 mm throughout the length of the
beam having a span of 10 m. The unit weight of concrete is 24 kN/m3 and modulus of elasticity
is 38 GPa.
70. Find the maximum stress at the bottom of the beam at mid span section due to
prestressing and self-weight.
A. 28.16 MPa (T) C. 28.16 MPa (C)
B. 24.56 MPa (C) D. 24.56 MPa (T)

71. Neglecting all losses, find the deflection at the center of the span when it is
supporting its own weight.
A. 24.16 mm C. 20.21 mm
B. 16.26 mm D. 12.31 mm

72. Allowing for 20% loss in prestress, find the final deflection at the center of the
span when it carries a superimposed load of 18 kN/m.
A. 20.91 mm C. 7.52 mm
B. 12.60 mm D. 16.17 mm
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CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-Board Examination APR 2025

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PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

SITUATION 24: Loads at service condition:

Total Dead load = 5.0 kPa
Live load = 4.8 kPa
Dimensions:
S = 3 m; L = 5.5 m
Slab thickness, t = 100 mm
Beam dimensions, b x h = 250 x 400 mm
Load factors at ultimate conditions: U = 1.2D + 1.6L
Beam BEHK is simply supported at joints B, E, H and K
For maximum stress, apply pattern loading of live load.
73. Which of the following gives the maximum negative moment (kN-m) for beam BEHK?
A. 26.9 C. 25.3
B. 16.6 D. 18.6

74. Calculate the maximum shear (kN) for beam BEHK.

A. 46.6 C. 50.0
B. 65.2 D. 58.6

75. Find the maximum reactions (kN) at the support for beam BEHK.
A. 88.8 C. 112.2
B. 94.9 D. 125.4

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