DHARAV HIGH SCHOOL, JAIPUR

SECOND TERM EXAMINATION (2024-25)

CLASS: XI
SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY (029)
SET A Marking Scheme
Time: 3 Hours M.M:70
No. of Pages:11

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them:
(i) This question paper contains 30 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question paper is divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.
(iii) Section A Questions no. 1 to 17 are Multiple Choice type questions. Each question carries 1
mark.
(iv) Section B Questions no. 18 and 19 are Source-based questions. Each question carries 3
marks.
(v) Section C Questions no. 20 to 23 are Short Answer type questions. Each question carries 3
marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 80 to 100 words.
(vi) Section D Questions no. 24 to 28 are Long Answer type questions. Each question carries 5
marks. Answer to these questions shall be written in 120 to 150 words.
(vii) Section E Questions no. 29 and 30 are Map-based questions. Each question carries 5 marks.
(viii) There is no overall choice given in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been
provided in a few questions in all sections other than Section A.

SECTION A (17)
Question numbers 01 to 17 are Multiple Choice Questions. (17x1)

1. Arrange the Big bang theory in the correct order: (1)

(i) expansion of universe started
(ii) matter created, protons and neutrons are formed
(iii) explosion in the tiny ball (singular atom)
(iv) formation of galaxies
Options:
(A) i-ii-iii-iv (B) iii-i-ii-iv (C) ii-i-iii-iv (D) iv-ii-i-iii
Answer: (B) iii-i-ii-iv
2. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and (1)
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Physical weathering depends on some applied forces.
Reason (R): The applied forces can be ploughing and cultivation by human.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(C) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. To what height above the Earth's surface is 99% of the atmosphere's total mass concentrated? (1)
(A) 10 km (B) 12 km
(C) 24 km (D) 32 km
Answer: (D) 32 km
4. Which of the following defines temperature inversion? (1)
(A) air temperature increases with increasing height
(B) air temperature decreases with increasing height
(C) air temperature remains constant with increasing height
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 (D) it is warmer at night than during the day
Answer: (A) Air temperature increases with increasing height
5. Which among the following is the source region for the formation of air mass? (1)
(A) the Equatorial forest (B) the Siberian plains
(C) the Himalayas (D) the Deccan Plateau
Answer: (B) the Siberian plains
6. Consider the following and choose the correct answer with the help of given codes (1)

Features layers
A. Temperature falls with height 1. Ionosphere
B. Reflects radio waves back to earth 2. Stratosphere
C. Contains most of ozone 3. Mesosphere
D. Coldest layer of atmosphere 4. Troposphere

(A) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

(B) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
(C) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
(D) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
Answer: (D) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
7. One morning Ravi found layer of water droplets (dew) on leaves in his garden. (1)
Identify the suitable conditions for the formation of dew from the given option:

(A) clean air, short and hot nights

(B) calm air, clouded sky
(C) stormy wind, short night
(D) calm air, cold and long nights
Answer: (D) Calm air, cold and long nights
8. Which of the following statement/ statements are TRUE about ocean currents? (1)

i) ocean currents are like river flow in the oceans.

ii) ocean currents are caused by gravitational force of Moon.
iii) Coriolis force cause ocean current to move right in northern hemisphere and left in southern
hemisphere.
(A) only i
(B) only i and ii
(C) only i and iii
(D) only ii and iii
Answer: (C) only i and iii
9. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and (1)
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): River basin and watershed are marked by unity.
Reason (R): What happens in one part of the basin or watershed directly affects the other.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(C) Both (A) and (R) are incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.
Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
10 Arrange the following rivers in correct sequence from west to east. (1)
i. Yamuna ii. Satluj
iii. Ganga iv. Brahmaputra

Options:
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 (A) ii,i,iii,iv (B) i,iii,ii,iv
(C) iii,iv,ii,i (D) iii,i,iv,ii
Answer: (A) ii,i,iii,iv
11 Identify the zone with the help of given clues. (1)
i) It is a low-pressure zone located near Equator.
ii) In this zone trade winds converges.
Option:
(A) ITCZ (B) cyclone
(C) front (D) local wind
Answer: (A) ITCZ

12 If a region experiences a sudden increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall over a few (1)
years, which of the following impacts is most likely?
(A) expansion of forest cover (B) increased agricultural yields
(C) desertification of the area (D) increase in water bodies
Answer: (C) Desertification of the area.
13 Mosses and lichens found in the higher altitudes of the Himalayas are grouped into which (1)
category of natural forests?
(A) temperate grassland (B) tundra vegetation
(C) alpine forest (D) pasture land
Answer: (B) Tundra vegetation
14 Complete the statement using most appropriate option from the given: (1)
Tropical evergreen and semi evergreen forests are found in ................conditions.
Options:
(A) hot climatic (B) warm and humid
(C) hot and dry (D) very cold
Answer: (b) warm and humid
Observe the given image and answer questions 15-17

15 The physiographic division shown in image was formed due to: (1)
(A) plate movement (B) fault
(C) outpouring of lava (D) sedimentation
Answer: (C) outpouring of lava
16 The region is mainly comprised of which type of soil? (1)
(A) black soil (B) laterite soil
(C) mountain soil (D) sandy soil
Answer: (A) black soil
17 Which among the given DOES NOT mark the boundary of given the physiographic division ? (1)
(A) Vindhya Hills (B) Shiwalik hills
(C) Western Ghats (D) Eastern Ghats
Answer: (B) Shiwalik hills
SECTION B (2x3=6)
Question numbers 18 & 19 are source-based questions
18 Read the given Passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The Indian plate includes Peninsular India and the Australian continental portions. The
subduction zone along the Himalayas forms the northern plate boundary in the form of
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 continent— continent convergence. In the east, it extends through Rakinyoma Mountains of
Myanmar towards the island arc along the Java Trench. The eastern margin is a spreading
site lying to the east of Australia in the form of an oceanic ridge in SW Pacific. The Western
margin follows Kirthar Mountain of Pakistan. It further extends along the Makrana coast and
joins the spreading site from the Red Sea rift southeastward along the Chagos Archipelago.
The boundary between India and the Antarctic plate is also marked by oceanic ridge
(divergent boundary) running in roughly W-E direction and merging into the spreading site,
a little south of New Zealand. India was a large island situated off the Australian coast, in a
vast ocean. The Tethys Sea separated it from the Asian continent till about 225 million years
ago. India is supposed to have started her northward journey about 200 million years ago at
the time when Pangaea broke. India collided with Asia about 40-50 million years ago causing
rapid uplift of the Himalayas.

1. How was the northern boundary of Indian plate formed? (1)

Ans. The Indian plate includes Peninsular India and the Australian continental
portions. The subduction zone along the Himalayas forms the northern plate boundary
in the form of continent— continent convergence.
2. Name the physical feature by which Indian and Eurasian plates were separated? (1)
Ans. They were separated by Tethys Sea.
3. Explain Divergent boundary. (1)
Ans. Where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other. Such
movement of plates forms divergent boundary.

19 Read the given Passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The earth receives almost all of its energy from the sun. The earth in turn radiates back to
space the energy received from the sun. As a result, the earth neither warms up nor does it
get cooled over a period of time. the amount of heat received by different parts of the earth
is not the same. This variation causes pressure differences in the atmosphere. This leads to
transfer of heat from one region to the other by winds. This chapter explains the process of
heating and cooling of the atmosphere and the resultant temperature distribution over the
earth’s surface. The earth’s surface receives most of its energy in short wavelengths. The
energy received by the earth is known as incoming solar radiation which in short is termed
as insolation. As the earth is a geoid resembling a sphere, the sun’s rays fall obliquely at the
top of the atmosphere and the earth intercepts a very small portion of the sun’s energy. On
an average the earth receives 1.94 calories per sq. cm per minute at the top of its
atmosphere. The solar output received at the top of the atmosphere varies slightly in a year
due to the variations in the distance between the earth and the sun.

1. Why only a small portion of the Sun’s energy is intercepted by the Earth? (1)
Ans. It’s because of the geoid shape of the Earth due to which angle of inclination of
sun rays varies.
2. Which region of the Earth has surplus net radiation? (1)
Ans. Area around Equator up to 40-degree NS is have surplus radiation.
3. How does the Earth maintain its heat balance? (1)
Ans. The earth receives its energy from Sun through radiation, which is radiated by in
the form of terrestrial radiation. Thus it maintains its heat balance.

SECTION C
(4x3=12)
Question numbers 20-23 are short answer type questions

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20 ‘The geographical phenomenon, both physical and human, are not static but dynamic.’ (3)
Explain.

Ans: Primitive human societies were directly dependent on their immediate environment.
Human beings have come to terms with nature through adaptation and modification.
2. Present societies have modified their natural environment by inventing and using
technology and thus, have expanded the horizon of their operation by appropriate utilization
of the resources provided by nature.
3. With the gradual development of technology, human beings were able to loosen the
shackles of their physical environment. Technology helped in reducing the harshness of
labour, increased labour efficiency and provided leisure to human beings to attend to the
higher needs of life
21 Describe the three-layer system of temperature structure of oceans. (3)
Ans.
• The first layer represents the top layer of warm oceanic water and it is about 500m
thick with temperatures ranging between 20° C and 25° C. This layer, within the
tropical region, is present throughout the year but in mid-latitudes it develops only
during summer.
• The second layer called the thermocline layer lies below the first layer and is
characterised by rapid decrease in temperature with increasing depth. The thermocline
is 500 -1,000 m thick.
• The third layer is very cold and extends upto the deep ocean floor. In the Arctic and
Antarctic circles, the surface water temperatures are close to 0° C and so the
temperature variation with the depth is very slight.

22 ‘The problem of flood and drought can be solved or minimized by inter-linking of rivers in (3)
India.’ Comment.
Ans.
If rivers are connected to each other through canals, then the problems of floods and
drought will get solved. It will also solve the problem of drinking water and millions of
rupees will be saved. It will also lead to increase in productivity. It will improve economic
condition of farmers.
• The rivers of India carry huge volume of water per year but it is unevenly
distributed.
• There are perennial rivers carrying water throughout the year while non perennial
rivers are deficit during dry season.
• During the rainy season much of the water gets wasted due to surface runoffs. When
there is floods in one part other may suffer drought.

OR

Compare and contrast between Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.

Ans. Important characteristics of Himalayan rivers are as follows:

• Origin: They originate in Himalayan Mountain covered with glaciers.

• Nature of flow: These are perennial because they receive water from glacier and
rainfall.
• Drainage pattern: These’ are antecedent and consequently lead to dendritic pattern
in plains.
• Nature of river: It has long course, flowing through the rugged mountains
experiencing headward erosion and river capturing; In plains it exhibits meandering
and shifting of course.
• Catchment area: Its catchment areas include very large basins.
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 • Age of river: These rivers are young and youthful. These are active and deepening
in the valleys.

These are different from peninsular rivers because these have following features:

• Place of origin: Peninsular plateau and central highland.

• Nature of flow: Seasonal as it is dependent on monsoon rainfall.
• Type of drainage: Super imposed, rejuvenated resulting in trellis, radial and
rectangular patterns.
• Nature of river: Smaller, fixed course with well-adjusted valleys.
• Catchment area: Relatively smaller basin.
• Age of the river: Old rivers with graded profile, and have almost reached their base
levels.

23 Forest has an intricate interrelationship with life and environment. Accordingly, government of (3)
India adopted forest policy. Highlight the key objectives of forest policy in India.

Answer:
(i) Bringing 33 percent of the geographical areas under forest cover.
(ii) Maintaining environmental stability and to restore forests where ecological balance was
disturbed.
(iii) Conserving the natural heritage of the country, its biologicl diversity and genetic pool.
(iv) Checks soil erosion, extension of the desert lands and reduction of floods and droughts.
(v) Increasing the forest cover through social forestry and afforestation on degraded level

SECTION D (5x5=25)
Question numbers 24-28 are long answer type question

24 Explain in detail different types of earthquakes. (5)

Ans.

•
Tectonic earthquake: The most common ones are the tectonic earthquakes. These
are generated due to sliding of rocks along a fault plane.
• Volcanic earthquake: A special class of tectonic earthquake is sometimes
recognised as volcanic earthquake. However, these are confined to areas of active
volcanoes.
• Collapse earthquake: In the areas of intense mining activity, sometimes the roofs of
underground mines collapse causing minor tremors. These are called collapse
earthquakes.
• Explosion earthquake: Ground shaking may also occur due to the explosion of
chemical or nuclear devices. Such tremors are called explosion earthquakes.
• Reservoir Induced earthquake: The earthquakes that occur in the areas of large
reservoirs are referred to as reservoir induced earthquakes. Sometimes earthquakes
also occur in mines due to mining processes. Sometimes earthquakes also occur
below the oceans on surface of the ocean causing tsunamis.

OR

‘Most of our knowledge about the interior of the Earth is largely based on estimates and
inferences.’ Discuss various sources on which these estimates are based on.

Ans.

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 • Mining: It is a process by which commercially variable valuable mineral resources
are extracted from Earth’s surface which includes precious stones, rocks and solid
fuels.
• Drilling: Scientists world over are working on two major projects such as “Deep
Ocean Drilling projects” and “integrated ocean drilling project”. The deepest drill at
kola, in Arctic Ocean, has so far reached a depth of 12 km.
• Volcanic Eruptions: When molten material is thrown onto the surface of the earth
during volcanic eruption it becomes available for analysis.
Some of the indirect sources of information: Analysis of properties of matter
indirectly provides information about the interior. Knowing the total thickness of
the earth, scientists have estimated the values of temperature, pressure and the
density of materials at different depths.
• Meteors that at times reach the earth: However, it may be noted that the material
that becomes available for analysis from meteors, is not from the interior of the
earth. The material and the structure observed in the meteors are similar to that of
the earth. They are solid bodies developed out of materials same as, or similar to,
our planet. Hence, this becomes yet another source of information about the interior
of the earth.
• Gravitation: The gravitation force (g) is not the same at different latitudes on the
surface. It is greater near the poles and less at the equator. This is because of the
distance from the centre at the equator being greater than that at the poles. The
gravity values also differ according to the mass of material.
• Magnetic surveys: Magnetic surveys also provide information about the
distribution of magnetic materials in the crustal portion, and thus, provide information
about the distribution of materials in this part.
25 Explain the landforms that are seen in the upper part of the river. (5)
Answer:
In upper part of the river, many beautiful and attractive landforms are formed. Some of them are
as follows:

• V-shaped valleys: Valleys start as small and narrow rills; the rills will gradually
develop into long and wide gullies; the gullies will further deepen, widen and
lengthen to give rise to valleys. Depending upon dimensions and shape, many types
of valleys like V-shaped valley, gorge, canyon, etc. can be recognised.
• Gorge: A gorge is a deep valley with very steep to straight sides.
• Canyon: A canyon is characterised by steep step-like side slopes and may be as
deep as a gorge. A gorge is almost equal in width at its top as well as its bottom. In
contrast, a canyon is wider at its top than at its bottom. In fact, a canyon is a variant
of gorge.
• Waterfall: When the rivers start falling in pits in mountainous regions, it makes
waterfall.
• Plunge pools: Once a small and shallow depression forms, pebbles and boulders get
collected in those depressions and get rotated by flowing water and consequently
the depressions grow in dimensions. A series of such depressions eventually join
and the stream valley gets deepened. At the foot of waterfalls also, large potholes,
quite deep and wide, form because of the sheer impact of water and rotation of
boulders. Such large and deep holes at the base of waterfalls are called plunge
pools.

OR

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 Explain the landforms made by erosion caused due to the groundwater.
Answer:
Important landforms made by erosion are as follows:
1. Pools: These are conical shaped pits whose depth is three to nine meters. The width of the
mouth is more than one metre. Due to solubility in water, when cracks in limestone increase, then
pools take birth.
2.Swallow holes: Small to medium sized round to sub-rounded shallow depressions called
swallow holes form on the surface of limestones through soil.
3. Sinkholes: A sinkhole is an opening more or less circular at the top and funnel -shaped towards
the bottom with sizes varying in area from a few square metre to a hectare and with depth from a
less than half a metre to thirty metres or more.
4. Uvalas: When sinkholes and dolines join together because of slumping of materials along their
margins or due to roof collapse of caves, long, narrow to wide trenches called uvalas are formed.
5. Collapse sinks: If the bottom of the sinkholes forms the roof of a void or cave underground it
might collapse leaving a large hole opening into a cave or a collapse sinks.
6. Lapies: Gradually, most of the surface of the limestone is eaten away by these pits and
trenches, leaving it extremely irregular with a maze of points, grooves and ridges or lapies.
Especially, these
ridges or lapies form due to differential solution activity along parallel to sub¬parallel joints. The
lapie field may eventually turn into somewhat smooth limestone pavements.
7. Caves: In areas where there are alternating beds of rocks (shales, sandstones, quartzites) with
limestones or dolomites in between or in areas where limestones are dense, massive and
occurring as thick beds, cave formation is prominent. Water percolates down either through the
materials or through cracks and joints and moves horizontally along bedding planes. It is along
these bedding planes that the limestone dissolves and long and narrow to wide gaps called caves.

26 What is the size of India with reference to the World? What are the implications of India (5)
having a long coastline? (2+3)
Answer. The size of India is 3.28 million square km which accounts for 2.6% of the total land of
the world. India is the seventh largest country in the world. The following countries are larger in
area than India: Russia, China, Canada, Brazil and Australia.

• India lies entirely in the Northern hemisphere. The mainland extends (Kanyakumari, Cape
Caverian) and 37°6′ N (Indira col, Jammu and Kashmir) and longitudes 68°7′ E (Dwarka,
Gujarat) and 97°25′ E (Sadiya, Arunachal Pradesh).
• India’s territorial limit extends towards the sea upto 12 nautical miles (about 21.9km)
from the coast

Implications of long cost line are:

• India is a southward extension of the Asian continent. The trans Indian Ocean
routes which connect the countries of Europe in the west and the countries of East Asia
provide a strategic central location to India.
• The Deccan Peninsular protrudes into the Indian Ocean, thus helping India to establish
close contact with west Asia, Africa and Europe from the Western
coast and with Southeast Asia and East Asia from the Eastern coast.
• No other country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean as India has and indeed, it is
India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean which justifies the naming of an Ocean after
it.

27 ‘All physical divisions of India have their own importance.’ Justify the statement (5)
Ans.

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 • Himalayas are the storehouse of water as they give rise to Perennial rivers which
provide ample water for irrigation.
• Himalayas serve as a climatic divide and they are the source of forest produce.
• Northern plains have fertile soil which is suited for agriculture and also provide raw
material for industries.
• The peninsular India is the store house of minerals, which have been used by
industries.
• The Ghats are responsible for generating hydroelectricity.
• The coastal plains are important for ports, arrival of monsoons, international trade,
fishing, etc.
• Island groups are known for scenic beauty.
• Deserts are known for tourist attraction. Thus, no part of India can grow and
develop in insolation. One part needs the support and cooperation of other.

OR

What are the major differences between Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats?
Western Ghats Eastern Ghats
Western Ghats are located along the west coast of Eastern Ghats are located along the east coast of
India. India.
Western Ghats are more continuous than the Eastern Ghats comprising the discontinuous and
Eastern Ghats. low hills are highly eroded by the rivers such as
the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the
Kaveri and so on.
The average height of the Western Ghats is 1500 The average height of the Eastern Ghats is
m and it is more than the Eastern Ghats. comparatively less than the Western Ghats.
Receives heavy rainfall from advancing monsoons Receives Average rainfall from retreating
monsoon
Anaimudi is the higest peak of the Western Ghats. Mahendragiri is the highest peak of the Eastern
Ghats.

28 ‘Monsoon is that axis around which revolves the entire agricultural cycle of India.’ Explain. (5)
Ans.
• Around 64 % people of India depend on agriculture for their livelihood and
agriculture itself is based on south-west monsoon.
• Except Himalayas all the parts of the country have temperature above the threshold
level to grow the crops or plants throughout the year.
• Regional variations in monsoon climate help in growing various types of crops.
• Variability of rainfall brings droughts or floods every year in some parts of the
country.
• Agricultural property of India depends very much on timely and adequately
distributed rainfall. If it fails, agriculture is adversely affected particularly in those
regions where means of irrigation are not developed.
• Sudden monsoon burst creates problems of soil erosion over large areas in India.
• Winter rainfall by temperate cyclones in north India is highly beneficial for Rabi
crops.
• Regional climatic variation in India is reflected in the vast variety of food, clothes
and house types.

OR
‘Climate of India emphasises unity in diversity.’ Substantiate with suitable examples.
Ans.
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 • Climate of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the south is entirely different from climate of
UP and Bihar in the north.
• While in summers mercury touches 55 in the western Rajasthan, it drops down to as
low as -45 in Leh.
• Churu in Rajasthan may record a temp. of 50 during June while mercury hardly
touches 20 in Twang in Arunachal Pradesh.
• In Thar desert the difference between day and night temperature is much higher
while as compared to the south.
• Tura in Garo hills of Meghalaya receives 10-time higher rainfall as compared to
western Rajasthan.
• During winters Himalayan regions receives heavy snow fall while there is only little
showers in northern plains.
• Western coast receives monsoon rain during the months of June-July while eastern
coast receives during October-November.

SECTION E (2x5=10)
Question number 29&30 are map based questions having 5 sub-parts each

29 On the given political map of the World, six geographical features have been marked as A, B, C, D, E, (5)
F & G. Identify them with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the
lines drawn near each feature. (Any 5)

A. one of the minor tectonic plate, west to North America. Cocos

B. one of the longest under water mountain range. Mid Atlantic Ridge
C. desert located in the north-west part of India. Thar Desert
D. water body connecting mediterranean sea to Arabian sea. Red Sea
E. a cold current towards the west of Peru. Humboldt current
F. a cold current towards the west of Australia. West Australian Current
G. a biodiversity hotspot. Eastern Madagaskar

30 On the given political map of India, locate and label any five of the following: (5)
A. Southern-most point Indian mainland
B. mountain range in Rajasthan
C. Chhota Nagpur plateau
D. Gulf of Khambat
E. Gulf of Kachch
F. Corbett National Park
G. Coromandel coast

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