DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATON INDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING PATIENT

RESPONSIBILITIES TEACHING

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class: To relieve mild to CNS: Agitation, anxiety, Must beware of the Explain that infan
moderate pain fatigue, fever, headache, calculating the total daily and children’s
Acetaminophen Para-aminophenol insomnia CV: dose of products that acetaminophen li
derivatives Hypotension, hypertension, contain acetaminophen. aren’t equal in dr
Brand Name: peripheral edema GI: concentration and
Tylenol Therapeutic class: Abdominal pain, Must reduce total daily aren’t
Analgesics constipation, diarrhea, dose and increasing dosing interchangeable.
jaundice, nausea, vomiting intervals in patients with
GU: Oliguria (parenteral hepatic or renal Caution patient n
form)Musculoskeletal: impairment. exceed recommen
Muscle spasm (parenteral dosage or take ot
form) RESP: Adventitious drugs containing
breath sounds, hypoxia, acetaminophen at
dyspnea, plural effusion, same time becaus
pulmonary edema, risk of liver dama
wheezing SKIN: rash,
urticaria. Advise the patien
contact prescribe
before taking oth
prescription or O
products because
may contain
acetaminophen.
Generic Name: Pharmacologic class: To treat rheumatic CNS: Headache, lethargy, Monitor patient for Advise adult pati
fever, arthritis and agitation hypersensitivity reactions, taking low-dose
Acetylsalicylic Salicylates to lower the chance confusion EENT: Hearing such as anaphylaxis and aspirin not to also
of heart attack, loss, tinnitus GI: bleeding, asthma. take ibuprofen or
acid (aspirin)
Therapeutic class: stroke. gastritis, heartburn naproxen because
Anti-inflammatory HEME: Decreased blood For inflammatory these drugs may
Brand Name:
drugs iron level, leukopenia, conditions, rheumatic reduce the
Asaphen
prolonged bleeding time, fever, and thrombosis, give cardioprotective a
shortened life span of aspirin on a schedule rather stroke preventive
RBCs, thrombocytopenia than as needed. effects of aspirin.
RESP: Bronchospasm
SKIN: Bruising, rash,
Other: Angioedema,
Reye’s syndrome
 Advise patient to
avoid alcohol wh
taking aspirin to
decrease risk of
ulcers.

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class: To treatment of mild CNS: Drowsiness, Check for allergy to Tell patient to ta
to moderate pain dizziness CV: edema Ibuprofen. with meals or mil
Ibuprofen NSAIDs and used to reduce GI: Abdominal pain, reduce adverse G
fever. To relieve Nausea, vomiting , Check renal and hepatic reactions.
Brand Name: Therapeutic class: pain in rheumatoid constipation EENT: function periodically in
Advil Anti-inflammtory arthritis and Tinnitus GU: Acute Renal patients on long term Educate patient th
Drug osteoarthritis Failure, Cystitis HEME: therapy. Stop drug if with the use with
Agranulocytosis, Anemia abnormalities occur and aspirin, anti-
RESP: Cough, Pneumonia notify prescriber. coagulants, alcoh
SKIN: Rash or corticosteroids
Monitor BP because drug may risk of GI
can lead to new onset adverse reactions
Hypertension or worsening
of preexisting
Hypertension, which may
contribute to the increased
incident cardiovascular of
events.

Inform patient blurred or

diminished vision and
changes in color vision
may occur.
Generic Name: Pharmacologic class: To treat pain and to CNS: Dizziness, Advise patient to
suppress coughs drowsiness CV: Evaluate patient for report difficulty
Codeine Opioid hypertension, orthostatic therapeutic response, breathing or shor
hypotension, palpitations, including decreased cough, of breath.
Therapeutic class: tachycardia facial grimacing, and pain.
Brand Name:
Antitussive, opioid EENT: Altered taste, Urge patient to
analgesic blurred vision, diplopia, dry Monitor respiratory depth, consume plenty o
mouth, effort, and rate, because fluids and high-fi
GI: Abdominal cramps and codeine can cause foods, if not
pain, anorexia, respiratory depression that contraindicated, t
constipation, flatulence, could become life- prevent constipat
gastroesophageal reflux, threatening. Notify
ileus, indigestion, nausea, prescriber immediately if
vomiting respiratory rate drops
GU: Decreased libido, below 10 breaths/min.
difficult ejaculation,
dysuria, erectile
dysfunction, impotence,
infertility with prolonged
use, lack of menstruation,
oliguria, ureteral spasm,
urinary incontinence, urine
retention
MS: Muscle rigidity
RESP: bronchospasm,
respiratory depression,
sleep-related breathing
disorders
SKIN: Diaphoresis,
flushing, pallor, pruritus,
rash, urticaria
Generic Name: Pharmacologic class: To relieve pain CNS: dizziness, Monitor circulatory, Instruct patient to
severe enough to drowsiness, edema, respiratory, bladder, and benzodiazepines,
Morphine Opioid require opioid euphoria, seizures, slurred bowel functions carefully. during therapy
treatment and for speech, uncoordinated Drug may cause without prescribe
Brand Name: Therapeutic class: which alternative muscle movements, hypotension, urine knowledge, as se
Duramorph, Opioid analgesic treatment options CV: Bradycardia, cardiac retention, nausea, respiratory depre
Roxanol, Infumorph such as nonopioid arrest, EENT: blurred vomiting, ileus, or altered can occur and ma
analgesics or opioid vision, miosis, nystagmus, level of consciousness lead to death.
combination dry mouth regardless of the route.
products are GI: constipation, nausea, Avoid alcohol an
inadequate or not vomiting other CNS
tolerated GU: prolonged labor, depressants while
urinary hesitancy, urine receiving
retention morphine.

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class: To relieve mild to CNS:, dizziness, Monitor patients with renal Advise patient to
Naproxen moderate drowsiness, fever, failure or liver dysfunction drug with food or
NSAIDs musculoskeletal headache, insomnia because NSAIDs impair milk to minimize
Brand Name: inflammation, CV: Edema, hypertension, synthesis of renal upset and to drink
Naprosyn Therapeutic class: including palpitations, prostaglandins, they can full glass of wate
NSAIDs ankylosing EENT: tinnitus, visual decrease renal blood flow other liquid with
spondylitis, disturbances GI: and lead to reversible renal dose.
osteoarthritis, and Abdominal pain, impairment.
rheumatoid arthritis constipation, diarrhea, Teach patient sig
diverticulitis, dyspepsia, Monitor patient for and symptoms of
flatulence GU: UTI, neurologic effects bleeding (includi
cystitis MS: Muscle (drowsiness, dizziness, blood in vomit, u
weakness, myalgia RESP: blurred vision), which may or stool; coffee-
Dyspnea, cough SKIN: impair physical or mental ground vomit; an
 Alopecia, diaphoresis, abilities. melena) and to no
purpura prescriber
immediately if an
these occurs.

Generic Name: Monitor patient's BP and Tell patient to use

Captopril Pharmacologic class: To control CNS: Fever, dizziness CV: pulse rate frequently. caution in hot
hypertension Chest pain, hypotension, weather and durin
Brand Name: Angiotensin- palpitations, tachycardia Assess patient for signs of exercise. Lack of
Capoten converting enzyme EENT: oral ulceration GU: angioedema. fluids, vomiting,
(ACE) inhibitor proteinuria RESP: Cough diarrhea, and
SKIN: pruritus, excessive perspir
Therapeutic class: maculopapular rash can lead to light-
Antihypertensive, headedness and
vasodilator syncope.

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class: To treat congestive Monitor K+, Mg++, ECG,
Digoxin heart failure CNS: Confusion, liver/renal function tests, Instruct patient to
Cardiac glycosides depression, drowsiness, drug level (therapeutic report all adverse
Brand Name: extreme weakness, level 0.5-2.0 mg/ml, reactions promptl
Digitek, Lanoxin, Therapeutic class: headache, syncope CV: toxicity is >2.0 mg/ml). Nausea, vomiting
Lanoxin Pediatric, Inotropes Arrhythmias, heart block diarrhea, appetite
Tolonix EENT: Blurred vision, Before each dose assess loss, and visual
colored halos around apical pulse for full disturbances may
objects GI: Abdominal minute, record and report indicate toxicity.
discomfort or pain, changes in rate or rhythm.
anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, Withhold drug and contact Encourage patien
vomiting Other: provider if pulse is < eat a consistent
Electrolyte imbalances 60/min. or >100 (adults) or amount of potass
< 110/minute (children) rich foods.
 Weigh daily
Tell patient not
substitute one bra
for another witho
discussing with
prescriber.

Advise patient t
avoid using herba
supplements and
consult prescribe
before taking one

CNS: Agitation; anxiety;

Generic Name: apprehension; confusion; Monitor EKG, BP, pulse, Tell patient to
Lidocaine Pharmacologic class: To treat ventricular difficulty speaking; rhythm, continuously. promptly report
arrhythmias disorientation; dizziness; Monitor serum lidocaine adverse reactions
Brand Name: Amide derivative occurring during drowsiness; euphoria; levels throughout therapy; such as palpitatio
Zingo cardiac hallucinations; lethargy; therapuetic range 1.5-5 dyspnea, confusio
manipulations; to light- headedness; mcg/ml anxiety, vision
Therapeutic class: treat life-threatening malignant hyperthermia; changes, dizzines
antiarrhythmic, ventricular paresthesia; seizures; Monitor intake and output tinnitus, nausea, a
arrhythmias sensation of cold, heat, or vomiting, becaus
numbness; tremors; Do not mix in the same toxicity can occu
twitching; unconsciousness syringe with amphoterin B
CV: Bradycardia, cardiac or cefazolin
arrest, hypotension, new
or worsening Administer Lidocaine TIV.
arrhythmias, tachycardia
EENT: Blurred vision, In case of circulatory
diplopia, oral hypoesthesia, depression have dopamine
tinnitus available
 GI: Nausea, vomiting
HEME:
Methemoglobinemia
MS: Dysarthria, muscle
weakness, myalgia
RESP: Respiratory arrest
or depression

Generic Name: Record characteristics and Advise patient th

Nitroglycerin Pharmacologic class: To prevent acute CV: orthostatic precipitating factors of stopping drug
anginal attacks hypotension, flushing, anginal pain. abruptly may cau
Brand Name: Nitrate fainting. coronary artery
Nitrolingual EENT: sublingual burning. Monitor BP and apical spasm.
SKIN: Cutaneous pulse before
Therapeutic class: vasodilation, contact administration and Teach patient ho
Antianginal, dermatitis (patch) CNS: periodically after dose. to give the prescr
vasodilator headache, throbbing, Have client sit or lie down form of nitroglyc
dizziness, weakness. if taking drug for the first
GI: nausea, vomiting. Skin: time. Tell patient to ta
Rash nitroglycerin at fi
Client must have sign of attack. If
continuing EKG doesn't provide re
monitoring for IV lief, patient shoul
administration obtain medical he
promptly.

Generic Name:
Propranolol Pharmacologic class: To manage CNS: lethargy, vivid Use propranolol cautiously Instruct patient in
dreams, agitation, in patients with safe drug
Brand Name:
InnoPran XL Nonselective Beta hypertension hallucinations, bronchospastic lung administration.
blockers disorientation, short-term disease because it may
memory loss, emotional induce asthmatic attack, Caution patient t
lability, mental depression, and in patients with continue taking d
Therapeutic class: light-headedness, dizziness, underlying skeletal muscle as prescribed, eve
antihypertensive insomnia, sleep disorder. disease; isolated reports of feeling well, and
CV: hypotension, Raynaud myopathy and myotonia promptly report
syndrome (arterial have occurred with adverse reactions
insufficiency), bradycardia, propranolol use.
HF, intensification of AV Advise patient t
block, mesenteric arterial Monitor blood pressure, avoid smoking an
thrombosis. EENT: dry apical and radial pulses, alcohol.
eyes, visual disturbances. fluid intake and output,
Gl: abdominal cramping, daily weight, respiration, Inform patient o
constipation, diarrhea, and circulation in caregivers of risk
decreased ap-petite, nausea, extremities before and hypoglycemia,
vomiting, ischemic during therapy. especially in chil
colitis.GU: impotence, with prolonged
Peyronie disease. physical exertion
Hematologic:
agranulocytosis, purpura.
RESPI: bronchospasm.
Skin: rash, alopecia. Other:
SLE, hypersensitivity
reactions.

Generic Name:
Spironolactone Pharmacologic class: To increase survival CNS: headache, Monitor electrolyte levels Warn patient to a
and to reduce need drowsiness, fever. CV: especially potassium, renal performing hazar
Brand Name: Potassium-sparing for hospitalization vasculitis. GI: diarrhea, function, fluid intake and activities, such as
Aldactone diuretic-aldosterone for heart failure gastric bleeding, ulceration, output, weight, and BP driving, until adv
receptor diuretics when used in nausea, vomiting. GU: closely. effects of drug ar
 Therapeutic class: addition to standard renal failure, erectile Watch for hyperchloremic known.
Diuretic therapy in patients dysfunction, menstrual metabolic acidosis,
with severe heart disturbances especially in patients with Inform patient to
failure (and reduced Musculoskeletal: leg hepatic cirrhosis prevent serious
ejection fraction cramps. Skin: alopecia, Monitor older adults hyperkalemia, wa
urticaria, hirsutism closely as this age-group is patient to avoid
more susceptible to excessive ingestio
excessive diuresis. potassium-rich fo
(such as citrus fru
tomatoes, banana
dates, and apricot
salt substitutes
containing potass
and potassium
supplements.

Generic Name:
Verapamil Pharmacologic class: To treat chronic CNS: Dizziness, fatigue Frequently monitor PR Tell patient to rep
angina pectoris and confusion interval. all adverse reacti
Brand Name: Calcium channel to prevent CV: transient hypotension especially
Apo-Verap blocker paroxysmal EENT: gingival hyperlasia Monitor BP at the start of palpitations, slow
supraventricular therapy, during dosage heartbeat, dizzine
tachycardia GI: Constipation, diarrhea, adjustments, and routinely dyspnea, or swell
Therapeutic class: RESPI: Dyspnea, during therapy. Assist
antihypertensive pulmonary edema patient with walking Instruct patient
SKIN: rash because dizziness may take oral form of
occur. exactly as prescri

If signs and symptoms of Tell patient not

HF occur, such as swelling crush or chew
of hands and feet and extended-release
shortness of breath, notify
 prescriber.
forms.
Monitor renal function test
and LFT results during Caution patient
prolonged treatment. against abruptly
stopping drug.

Generic Name: Inform patient th

Warfarin Pharmacologic class: To prevent or treat CNS: Taste perversion Regularly inspect patient consuming foods
pulmonary CV: vasculitis for bleeding gums, bruises in vitamin K (suc
Brand Name: Vitamin K embolism; recurrent GI: Abdominal cramps and on arms or legs, petechiae; green, leafy
Coumadin antagonists MI; pain, diarrhea, hepatitis, nosebleeds, melena, vegetables) can
thromboembolic jaundice, nausea, vomiting hematuria, and decrease
Therapeutic class: complications from RESPI: Tracheobronchial hematemesis anticoagulant effe
Anticoagulant atrial fibrillation, calcification Tell patient to eat
heart valve SKIN: Alopecia, Regularly balanced diet wit
replacement, or MI; Other: Anaphylactic monitor international consistent intake
and venous reactions normalized ratio (INR) in vitamin K and to
thrombosis (and its all patients. Consider more notify prescriber
extension) frequent INR monitoring in before making an
those at high risk for dietary changes.
bleeding.
Instruct patient to
immediately repo
pain or discolorat
of the skin, unusu
symptom or pain
example, sudden
cool, painful, pur
discoloration of t
bruising, bleeding
 blood in urine, bl
or black stools,
headache, dizzine
or weakness.

Generic Name:
Amitriptyline Pharmacologic class: To relieve CNS: stroke, seizures, Monitor all patients closely Advise family an
depression, coma disorientation, for clinical worsening, caregivers to clos
Brand Name: Tricyclic especially when dizziness, fatigue, fever, suicidality, or unusual observe patient fo
Elavil antidepressant accompanied by hallucinations, headache, changes in behavior, increased suicida
anxiety and CV: tachycardia arrest, especially at start of thinking and
Therapeutic class: insomnia hypotension EENT:, therapy. behavior.
Antidepressant blurred vision, tinnitus, dry
mouth GI: anorexia, Monitor glucose level. Teach patient to
nausea, epigastric pain GU: recognize and
Acute renal failure SKIN: If signs or symptoms of immediately repo
Alopecia, rash. psychosis occur or symptoms of
increase, expect prescriber serotonin toxicity
to reduce dosage. (fever, mental sta
changes, muscle
Record mood changes. twitching, excess
Monitor patient for suicidal sweating, shiveri
tendencies and allow only shaking, diarrhea
minimum supply of drug. loss of coordinati

Generic Name:
Diphenhydramine Pharmacologic class: To treat CNS: Confusion, dizziness, Dizziness, excessive Warn patient to a
Antihistamines hypersensitivity drowsiness CV: sedation, syncope, toxicity, alcohol and hazar
Brand Name: reactions, such as Arrhythmias, palpitations, paradoxical stimulation, activities that req
Benadryl perennial and tachycardia EENT: Blurred and hypotension are more alertness until cen
Therapeutic class: seasonal allergic vision, diplopia likely to occur in older nervous system
Ethanolamines rhinitis, vasomotor GI: Epigastric distress, adults. effects of drug ar
rhinitis, allergic nausea RESP: Thickened
 conjunctivitis, bronchial secretions Stop drug 4 days before known.
uncomplicated SKIN: Photosensitivity diagnostic skin testing.
allergic skin Tell patient to no
eruptions, and prescriber if toler
transfusion develops because
reactions; to prevent different
or treat motion antihistamine ma
sickness need to be prescr

Generic Name:
Fluoxetine To treat patients CNS: nervousness, anxiety, Be alert for increased Tell patient to av
Pharmacologic class: with treat major insomnia, drowsiness, depression and suicidal taking drug in the
Brand Name: depressive disorder, tremor, dizziness, abnormal thoughts, especially in the afternoon whenev
Prozac Antidepressants bulimia, OCD, thinking, abnormal dreams, initial period of drug possible because
premenstrual sleep disorder, amnesia, therapy and in children and doing so common
dysphoric disorder, personality disorder CV: teenagers. Likewise, causes nervousne
Therapeutic class: panic disorder, and chest pain, palpitations, inform physician or other and insomnia.
SSRIs bipolar vasodilation, hot flashes, mental health care
prolonged QT interval. professional if patient Drug may cause
EENT: dry mouth, demonstrates other mood dizziness or
pharyngitis, sinusitis. GI: changes such as increased drowsiness.
nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, , anxiety, nervousness, or Warn patient to a
increased appetite. GU: abnormal arousal (mania) driving and other
micturition disorder, hazardous activit
urinary frequency. Other: Record mood changes. that require alertn
flulike syndrome, chills, Watch for suicidality. and good
hypersensitivity reaction. psychomotor
coordination unti
effects of drug ar
known.
Generic Name:
Document indications for
Phenobarbital Pharmacologic class: To treat seizures CNS: Anxiety, depression, therapy, type, onset, and Caution patient a
Barbiturate dizziness, headache, characteristics of possible drowsine
Brand Name: irritability, lethargy, mood symptoms. Note clinical and reduced alert
Luminal Sodium changes CV: Bradycardia, presentation and list other Advise her to avo
Therapeutic class: hypotension ganets used and the potentially hazard
Anticonvulsant, GI: Constipation, diarrhea, outcome. activities until dr
sedative-hypnotic nausea, vomiting Assess VS, CBC, liver and CNS effects are
RESP: Bronchospasm, renal function studies. known.
respiratory depression Reduce dose with
SKIN: Dermatitis, impairment and in Urge patient to av
photosensitivity, rash, debilitated/elderly clients. alcohol during
urticaria therapy.
Be alert for adverse
reactions and drug Phenobarbital ma
interactions. require an increas
vitamin D
consumption;
consume foods h
in vitamin D. It m
also contribute to
folate deficiency;
may require
supplemental foli
acid.

Generic Name:
Phenytoin
Pharmacologic class: To treat tonic–clonic CNS: Ataxia, decreased Monitor patient for Tell patient to rep
Brand Name: Hydantoin derivative or psychomotor coordination dizziness, hypersensitivity reactions, all report all adve
Dilantin-125 drowsiness, twitching CV: including angioedema. reactions and to
 Therapeutic class: (temporal) seizures Bradycardia, hypotension Monitor the unbound notify prescriber
Anticonvulsant EENT: diplopia, fraction of phenytoin in rash develops.
hyperplasia, , nystagmus, patients with renal or
GI: constipation, nausea, hepatic impairment or Advise patient a
vomiting SKIN: necrosis, hypoalbuminemia. The caregivers to
purpuric dermititis fraction of unbound immediately repo
phenytoin increases in changes in behav
these patients. that may indicate
worsening suicid
or depression.

Generic Name: Warn patient to r

Diazepam Pharmacologic class: To relieve anxiety CNS: Anterograde Monitor HR,BP and all adverse reacti
amnesia, anxiety, ataxia, mental status changes. and to avoid activ
Brand Name: Benzodiazepine confusion, depression, Patients are at an increased that require alertn
Diastate dizziness, drowsiness, risk for falls and good
fatigue, headache, coordination unti
Therapeutic class: insomnia, lethargy, light- Periodically monitor LFTs, effects of drug ar
Anticonvulsant, headedness, paradoxical CBC, and renal function in known.
anxiolytic, sedative- reactions, psychiatric patients receiving repeated
hypnotic, skeletal effects, sedation, or prolonged care Tell patient to a
muscle relaxant sleepiness, slurred speech, alcohol while tak
CV: Hypotension, drug.
palpitations, tachycardia
EENT: Blurred vision, Warn patient no
diplopia, dry mouth, abruptly stop dru
increased salivation GI: because withdraw
constipation, nausea, symptoms may o
vomiting GU: urinary
incontinence, urine
 retention RESP: hiccups
SKIN: rash
Other: altered libido

Generic Name:
Prochlorperazine Pharmacologic class: To control CNS: Akathisia, altered Monitor CBC, electrolyte Advise patient to
preoperative nausea temperature regulation, levels, fasting glucose report all adverse
Brand Name: Dopamine severe nausea and dizziness, drowsiness, level, lipid panel, and LFT reactions and to
Compro vomiting, extrapyramidal reactions values during long-term immediately repo
Therapeutic class: (tardive dyskinesia therapy. signs and sympto
Antiemetic CV: orthostatic of tardive dyskin
hypotension, tachycardia Immediately report signs and NMS.
EENT: Blurred vision, dry and symptoms of tardive
mouth, ocular changes, dyskinesia (involuntary Tell patient to av
GI: Constipation, rhythmic movements of the extreme heat bec
epigastric pain, nausea, face, tongue, or jaw) as drug may interfer
vomiting GU: dark urine, drug may need to be with the body's
urine retention SKIN: mild discontinued. thermoregulatory
photosensitivity reactions, mechanisms.
pruritus, rash
Advise patient to
avoid alcohol wh
taking drug becau
of increased CNS
depression.

.
Generic Name: CNS: dizziness, vertigo,
Sumatriptan Pharmacologic class: To relieve acute drowsiness, headache, Monitor BP; significant BP Inform patient th
succinate malaise, fatigue, pain, elevations have occurred
Serotonin 5-HT1- migraine attacks, tingling sensation, warm or even in patients without a drug is intended o
Brand Name: receptor agonist with or without aura hot sensation, dysgeusia. history of HTN. to treat migraine
Imitrex CV: flushing, pressure or attacks, not to pre
Therapeutic class: tightness in chest. EENT: Monitor patient for them or reduce th
Antimigraine altered vision; discomfort seizures. Seizures have occurrence.
of throat Gl: abdominal been reported in patients
discomfort, diarrhea, with and without a history Advise patient to
nausea, vomiting, unusual of seizures. take drug only as
or bad taste (nasal spray). scribed. Medicati
Musculoskeletal: muscle overuse headache
cramps, neck pain.
Respiratory:
bronchospasm, upper
respiratory tract increased frequen
inflammation and dysp-nea of migraine attac
(PO). Skin: injection-site may
or application-site reaction,
diaphoresis.

Generic Name: To reduce the risk of CNS: insomnia. EENT: Before treatment, assess Warn patient to a
Atovarstatin Pharmacologic class: MI, stroke, angina, nasopharyngitis, patient for underlying alcohol.
HMG-CoA reductase or revascularization pharyngolaryngeal pain. causes for
Brand Name: inhibitors procedures in Gl: abdominal pain, hypercholesterolemia and Tell patient to
Lipitor patients with diarthea, dyspepsia, obtain a baseline lipid inform prescriber
Therapeutic class: multiple risk factors flatulence, nau-sea. GU: profile. all adverse reacti
antilipermics for CAD but who UTI. Hepatic: increased Stress the risk of
don’t have the LFT values. Metabolic: Watch for signs of myopathy
disease diabetes. Musculoskele- myositis and myopathy (unexplained mus
tal: rhabdomyolysis, (unexplained muscle pain, pain, tenderness o
arthralgia, myalgia, tenderness, weak-ness, weakness,
extremity pain, muscle malaise, dark urine, fever). particularly it
spasms, musculoskeletal Drug may need to be accompanied by
 pain. Skin: rash. discontinued. malaise, and feve

Generic Name:
Atropine Pharmacologic class: To reduce secretions CNS: restlessness, ataxia, Eat foods high in fiber and Teach patient
Sulfate Anticholinergic and block vagal disorientation, drink plenty fluids prescribed an
effects hallucinations, delirium, AtroPen because
Brand Name: Therapeutic class: preoperatively coma, insomnia, agitation, Instruct client not to drive a risk of nerve gas
Isopto Atropine Antiarrhythmic, confusion CV: tachycardia, motor vehicle or participate insecticide expos
antimuscarinic angina, arrhythmias, in activities requiring when and how to
flushing EENT: alertness. Advise to use administer the dr
photophobia, blurred hard candy, ice chips, etc. Remind patient th
vision, mydriasis. GI: dry for dry mouth. the AtroPen is us
moth, constipation, this is only an ini
vomiting GU: urine emergency treatm
retention. Hematologic: and they still nee
leukocytosis Other: seek additional
anaphylaxis emergency care.

Advise patient to
notify prescriber
has constipation,
difficulty urinatin
or persistent or se
diarrhea.
 Inform patient th
atropine may inh
sweating. Advise
patient to avoid
excessive exercis
heat exposure, wh
can lead to heat
injury.

Generic Name: To improve CNS: headache, Monitor blood glucose Instruct patient to
Insulin Lispro Pharmacologic class: glycemic control in neuropathy. CV: peripheral level and adjust insulin keep hard candy
Insulins patients with edema. EENT: pharyngitis, dosages as needed with glucose tablets on
Brand Name: diabetes rhinitis. Gl: abdominal medical supervision. hand to treat mild
NovoLOG mix Therapeutic class: pain, diarrhea, nausea, cases of
70/30 Antidiabetics dyspepsia. Assess patient and notify hypoglycemia.
Metabolic: hypoglycemia, prescriber for signs and
hypokalemia, weight gain. symptoms of hypoglycemia Instruct patient to
Musculoskeletal: myalgia. (diaphoresis, shaking, carry identificatio
Respiratory: bronchitis, trembling, confusion, wear jewelry
cough, URI. Skin: headache, irritability, indicating that pa
Ipodystrophy, injection-site hunger, rapid, pulse, has diabetes.
reactions, rash. nausea) and hyperglycemia
Other: allergic reactions, (drowsiness, fruity breath
insulin antibody odor, frequent urination,
production, flulike thirst).
syndrome, infection.
Observe injection sites for
reactions, such
as redness, swelling,
itching, or burning.
Generic Name: To treat high blood CNS: dizziness, fatigue, Monitor BP and HR Tell patient that c
Nifedepine Pharmacologic class: pressure light-headedness, insomnia, regularly, especially in pain may worsen
Calcium channel (hypertension) and pain CV: flushing, heat patients who take beta briefly as therapy
Brand Name: blockers to prevent chest pain sensation, peripheral blockers or other starts or dosage
Procardia XL caused by angina. edema, palpitations, antihypertensives. increases.
Therapeutic class: transient hypotension,
Antihypertensives, pulmonary edema. EENT: Watch for signs and Instruct patient
antianginals blurred vision, nasal symptoms of HF. safe drug
congestion. GI: nausea, administration.
heartburn, constipation, Monitor patient for
cramps, abdominal pain, peripheral edema; carefully Tell patient not to
GỦ: impotence, polyuria. differentiate between abruptly stop dru
Musculoskeletal: muscle adverse effect and HF unless directed by
cramps Respiratory: symptom. prescriber. Abrup
dyspnea, cough, wheezing, withdrawal may
chest congestion, shortness cause rebound an
of breath, pleuritic chest in patients with C
pain. Skin:
dermatitis, ,rash.

Generic Name: To treat bacterial GI: Nausea, vomiting, Assess for signs of allergic Tell patient to rep
Penicillin Pharmacologic class: infections caused by diarrhea reaction. adverse reactions
Natural Penicillins susceptible Neuro: Hallucinations, promptly.
Brand Name: organisms myoclonus seizures Monitor liver function and
Pfizerpen Therapeutic class: Hema: Hemolytic anemia, CBC periodically during Advise patient th
Antibiotics leucopenia, therapy. watery and blood
thrombocytopenia stools with or wit
CV: cardiac arrest, Monitor patient for stomach cramps a
hypotension, tachycardia, diarrhea and severe skin fever may occur
palpitations reactions. during and up to
months.
Generic Name:
Prednisone Pharmacologic class: To treat adrenal CNS: Euphoria, headache, Administer once-daily Instruct patient to
Glucocorticoid insufficiency and insomnia, nervousness, doses of prednisone in the take prednisone w
Brand Name: acute and chronic psychosis, restlessness, morning to match body’s food to decrease
Prednisone Therapeutic class: inflammatory and seizures, vertigo normal cortisol secretion distress and to tak
Intensol Immunosuppressant immunosuppressive CV: Edema, heart failure, schedule. once-daily dose i
disorders hypertension morning.
EENT: Cataracts, Because prednisone can
exophthalmos, glaucoma, produce many adverse Caution patient n
increased ocular pressure reactions, assess regularly stop drug abruptl
suppression in children, for signs and symptoms of
hyperglycemia GI: such reactions as heart Urge patient to av
Anorexia, GI bleeding and failure and hypertension. alcohol during
ulceration, increased Also monitor fluid intake therapy because o
appetite, indigestion, and output and daily increased risk of
intestinal perforation, weight. ulcers and bleedi
nausea, pancreatitis,
vomiting GU: Menstrual Monitor growth pattern in Urge patient to av
irregularities SKIN: Acne; children. Prednisone may hazardous activit
diaphoresis; ecchymosis; retard bone growth. until drug’s CNS
flushing; petechiae; striae; Be aware that prolonged effects are known
thin, fragile skin use of prednisone may
cause hypothalamic- Advise patient to
pituitary-adrenal avoid people with
suppression. contagious infect
because drug has
Withdraw prednisone immunosuppress
gradually, as ordered, if effect.
therapy lasts longer than 2
weeks. Stopping abruptly Caution against
may cause acute adrenal receiving
insufficiency and, possibly, vaccinations or o
 death. immunizations an
coming in contac
with people who
recently received
poliovirus vaccin

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class:

Dextromethorpha Insulins To temporarily CNS: dizziness, vertigo, Instruct patient that this Caution patient to
n relieve cough drowsiness, headache, drug may cause dizziness avoid taking mor
Therapeutic class: caused by the malaise, fatigue, pain, or drowsiness after use, if than the
Brand Name: Antitussives common cold, the tingling sensation, warm or affected, do not drive or recommended do
Decolsin flu, or other hot sensation, dysgeusia. operate machinery. taking alcohol or
conditions. Respiratory: dyspnea, other CNS
cough, wheezing, chest Ensure that the drug is not depressants
congestion, shortness of taken any longer than concurrently with
breath, pleuritic chest pain. recommended to prevent medication; fatali
serious adverse effects and have occurred.
severity respiratory tract
problems. Instruct patient to
cough effectively
Instruct patient to avoid upright and take
irritants such as smoking, several deep brea
dust, fumes, and other air before attempting
pollutants to lessen cough.
unnecessary cough.

Humidify ambient air to

provide some relief.

Arrange for further

medical evaluation for
 coughs that persist or are
accompanied by high
fever, rash, or excessive
secretions.

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class:

Fentanyl Opioid To provide surgical CNS: Agitation, amnesia, Monitor patient for adrenal Warn patient not
premedication and anxiety, asthenia, ataxia, insufficiency. Although take more drug th
Brand Name: Therapeutic class: To induce and headedness, nervousness, rare, it can be life- prescribed and no
Duragesic Opioid analgesic maintain anesthesia paranoia, sedation, threatening. Monitor take it longer than
seizures, sleep disturbance, patient for anorexia, absolutely needed
slurred speech, s dizziness, fatigue, because excessiv
CV: Asystole, bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, prolonged use ca
chest pain, hypotension, vomiting, or weakness. lead to abuse,
EENT: Blurred vision, Notify prescriber if adrenal addiction, misuse
dental caries, dry mouth, insufficiency is suspected overdose, and
GI: Anorexia, constipation and expect diagnostic possibly death.
GU: urine retention testing to be done. If
RESP: Apnea, depressed diagnosis is confirmed, Instruct patient to
cough reflex, dyspnea, expect to administer avoid alcohol and
SKIN: Diaphoresis, corticosteroids and wean other CNS
localized skin redness and patient off fentanyl, if depressants inclu
swelling (with transdermal possible. benzodiazepines
form), pruritus, rash during fentanyl
Use with extreme caution therapy unless
in patients who may be prescribed.
susceptible to the
intracranial effects of Advise patient no
carbon dioxide retention stop taking drug
such as those with brain unless directed by
tumors, head injury, prescriber becaus
increased intracranial withdrawal symp
pressure, or impaired may occur. Warn
 consciousness. Monitor against increasing
these patients closely for dose or frequency
signs of sedation and without consultin
respiratory depression. prescriber becaus
drug can cause
dependency.

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class:

To treat anxiety, CNS: Dizziness, fever, Monitor for signs of Patients should b
Benzodiazepine Central nervous system seizures, insomnia, headache, insomnia, sedation and respiratory encouraged to att
s, Barbiturates depressants and alcohol vertigo, weakness depression, asses for signs follow up
withdrawal EENT:, blurred vision, of dependence. appointments wit
Brand Name: Therapeutic class: their healthcare
Clorazepate Sedatives provider to monit
their response to
Barbiturates, asse
their symptoms a
address any conc
or questions that
have.
Generic Name:
To treat major GI:Nausea, vomiting or Monitor for signs of Patients should n
Selective Pharmacologic class: depressive disorder diarrhea CNS: Headache, serotonin syndrome, asses stop taking SSRI
SSRIs and generalized Drowsiness, Insomnia, for changes in mood. suddenly, as this
Serotonin
anxiety disorder Nervousness, agitation or lead to withdrawa
Reuptake Therapeutic class: restlessness, Dizziness symptoms. It’s
inhibitors SSRIs Sexual problems, such as important to follo
reduced sexual desire, the healthcare
Brand Name: difficulty reaching orgasm provider’s guidan
Zoloft or inability to maintain an on tapering off th
erection (erectile medication if nee
dysfunction) Impact on
appetite, leading to weight
 loss or weight gain

Generic Name: To treat depression CNS: agitation, akathisia, Use cautiously in patients Advise patient to
Bupropion Pharmacologic class: And to aid in akinesia, anxiety, , CVA, with renal impairment (all bupropion for 7 o
Aminoketone smoking cessation decreased concentration or other brands); drug is more days before
Brand Name: Therapeutic class: memory, depression, excreted by kidneys. stopping smoking
Zyban, Aplenzin Antidepressant, dizziness, suicidal ideation
smoking cessation CV: Arrhythmias, chest Assess patient’s blood Urge caregivers t
adjunct pain, complete AV block, pressure before bupropion monitor depresse
extrasystoles, hypertension, therapy begins and monitor patient closely fo
GI: Abdominal pain, periodically during therapy worsened depress
constipation, diarrhea, because bupropion may especially when
dysphagia, esophagitis, cause hypertension. therapy starts or
flatulence, GI hemorrhage, dosage changes. A
GI ulceration, hepatitis, Monitor depressed patients inform caregiver
increased appetite, nausea, closely for worsened drug may cause a
RESP: Bronchospasm, depression and increased variety of
cough, dyspnea, suicide risk, especially neuropsychiatric
pneumonia, pulmonary when therapy starts or adverse events th
embolism dosage changes. could be serious.
changes in behav
Monitor patient taking or thought pattern
bupropion to stop smoking emerge with
for neuropsychiatric bupropion use,
 symptoms, including instruct caregiver
suicidal ideation. If notify prescriber
present, notify prescriber immediately.
immediately, begin safety
measures, and expect to
discontinue drug.

Generic Name: To lower blood CNS: drowsiness, Monitor BP and pulse rate Tell patient to tak
Clonidine Pharmacologic class: pressure and heart dizziness, confusion, se- frequently. the last dose
Centrally acting alpha rate by relaxing the dation, fatigue, irritability, immediately befo
Brand Name: agonists arteries and hallucinations, agitation, Observe patient for bedtime.
Catapres increasing the blood depression, emotional tolerance to drug's
Therapeutic class: supply to the heart; disorder, aggression, therapeutic effects, which Reassure patien
Antihypertensives headache, insomnia, may require increased the transdermal p
nervousness. CV: dosage. usually remains
bradycardia, chest pain, attached despite
edema, hypotension, showering and ot
orthostatic hypotension, routine daily
tachycardia. EENT: activities. Instruc
tinnitus, nasal congestion, patient on the use
sore throat, dry mouth. GI: the adhesive over
constipation, nausea, to provide additio
vomiting, anorexia, skin adherence, if
abdominal pain, viral GI needed.
infection. GU: urine
retention. Skin: pruritus;
dermatitis; burning
sensation, rash.

If BP increases sharply,
Generic Name: To treat septic shock CNS: drowsiness, give rapid-acting Tell patient to
Epinephrine Pharmacologic class: dizziness, confusion, se- vasodilators. promptly report a
 dation, fatigue, irritability, adverse reactions
Brand Name: Adrenergics hallucinations, depression, Epinephrine is drug of
Adrenaclick headache, insomnia, choice in emergency
Therapeutic class: nervousness. CV:, treatment f acute
Vasopressors tachycardia.. GI: nausea, anaphylactic reactions.
vomiting GU: urine
retention. Skin: pruritus;
dermatitis; burning
sensation, rash.

Generic Name: To treat acute CNS: vertigo, headache, Monitor fluid intake and Inform patient of
Furosemide Pharmacologic class: pulmonary edema fever. CV: ortho-static output and electrolyte, possible need for
hypotension, BUN, and carbon dioxide potassium or
Brand Name: Loop diuretics thrombophlebitis with IV levels frequently magnesium
Lasix administration. EENT: supplements.
Therapeutic class: blurred or yellowed vision, Watch for signs of
Antihypertensives tinnitus. Gl: abdominal hypokalemia, such an Instruct patient
discomfort and pain, Gl muscle weakness and stand slowly to
irritation, nausea, cramps. prevent dizziness
vomiting,. GU: frequent to limit alcohol in
urination, bladder spasm, Monitor uric acid level, and strenuous
oliguria, interstitial especially in patients with exercise in hot
nephritis.. a history of gout. weather to avoid
Musculoskeletal: muscle worsening dizzin
spasm. Skin: dermatitis, upon standing
purpura, rash, pruritus, quickly.
photosensitivity reactions,
transient pain at IM
injection site, TEN, SJS,
erythema multiforme,
DRESS syndrome.
Other: hypersensitivity
 reaction, including
anaphylaxis, gout.

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class:

Heparin Anticoagulant To prevent and treat CNS: Chills, dizziness, Know that bleeding is a Advise patient to
peripheral arterial fever, headache, peripheral major adverse effect of avoid drugs that
Brand Name: Therapeutic class: embolism, neuropathy heparin therapy. Take interact with hepa
Heparin Leo Anticoagulant pulmonary CV: Chest pain, safety precautions to such as aspirin and
embolism, thrombosis prevent bleeding, such as ibuprofen.
thromboembolic EENT: gingival bleeding, having patient use a soft-
complications GI: Abdominal distention bristled toothbrush and an Instruct patient an
associated with and pain, elevated liver electric razor. Bleeding family to watch fo
atrial fibrillation, enzymes may occur at any site and and report abdomi
venous thrombosis GU: Hematuria, also may indicate an or lower back pain
and its extension; to hypermenorrhea, ovarian underlying problem, such black stools, bleed
treat acute and hemorrhage, priapism as GI or urinary tract gums, bloody urin
chronic MS: Back pain, myalgia, bleeding. Other sites of excessive menstru
consumption osteoporosis (long term use bleeding that could be fatal bleeding, noseblee
coagulopathies of high doses) RESP: and require immediate and severe
Asthma, dyspnea, attention include adrenal, headaches. Alert
wheezing ovarian, and patient receiving
SKIN: Alopecia, cutaneous retroperitoneal heparin
necrosis following hemorrhage. subcutaneously th
subcutaneous injection, necrosis of the ski
cyanosis, petechiae, has been reported
pruritus, urticaria following
subcutaneous
administration of
heparin and to aler
prescriber if any
 abnormalities occu
at injection sites.

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class:

Hydrochloroth Thiazide diuretic To manage CNS: Dizziness, fever, Give hydrochlorothiazide Instruct patient to
iazide hypertension headache, insomnia, in the morning and early take drug with foo
Therapeutic class: vertigo, weakness evening to avoid nocturia. or milk if adverse
Brand Name: Diuretic CV: Elevated cholesterol reactions occur.
Oretic and triglycerides levels, Monitor blood pressure,
hypotension, daily weight, fluid intake Instruct patient to
EENT: Acute myopia, and output, and serum a diet high in
acute angle-closure levels of electrolytes, potassium-rich foo
glaucoma, blurred vision, especially potassium. including, bananas
dry mouth ENDO: Assess for evidence of citrus fruits, dates,
Hyperglycemia hypokalemia, such as and tomatoes.
GI: Abdominal cramps, muscle spasms and
anorexia, constipation, weakness. Advise patient to
diarrhea, indigestion, change position
jaundice, nausea, Check blood glucose level slowly to minimiz
pancreatitis, vomiting often, as ordered, in effects of orthosta
MS: Muscle spasms and diabetic patients, and hypotension.
weakness RESP: expect to increase Urge patient to rep
Pneumonitis, pulmonary antidiabetic dosage, as decreased urinatio
edema SKIN: Alopecia, needed and prescribed. muscle cramps an
photosensitivity, purpura, weakness, and
rash, unusual bleeding o
bruising.

Generic Name: To treat severe CNS: Euphoria, fatigue, Give daily dose of Instruct patient to
Hydrocortison Pharmacologic class: inflammation or headache, , insomnia, hydrocortisone in morning take tablets with fo
e Glucocorticoid acute adrenal malaise, mood changes, to mimic normal peak in or milk.
insufficiency seizures, CV: Arrhythmias, adrenocortical secretion of
Brand Name: fat embolism, heart failure, corticosteroids. Instruct patient to
Cortef hypertension, report early eviden
GI: Abdominal distention; Give oral dose with food or of adrenal
Therapeutic class: hiccups; increased appetite; milk to avoid GI distress. insufficiency:
Adrenocorticoid nausea; peptic ulcer; rectal anorexia, difficult
replacement, anti- abnormalities, such as Don’t give acetate breathing, dizzine
inflammatory bleeding, blistering, injectable suspension by fainting, fatigue, j
burning, itching, or pain I.V. route. pain, muscle
(rectal form); ulcerative weakness, and
esophagitis; vomiting Monitor blood pressure, nausea.
GU: Amenorrhea, electrolyte levels, and
glycosuria, menstrual weight regularly during Inform patient tha
irregularities, perineal therapy. may bruise easily.
burning or tingling
SKIN: Acne; altered skin Expect hydrocortisone to
pigmentation rash; worsen infections or mask Caution patient to
scarring; sterile abscess; signs and symptoms. avoid people with
striae; infections because
Monitor blood glucose drug can suppress
level in diabetic patients, immune system,
and increase insulin or oral increasing risk of
antidiabetic drug dosage, infection. If patien
as prescribed. comes into contac
with chickenpox o
measles, instruct h
to call prescriber
because he may ne
prophylactic care.

Generic Name: Pharmacologic class:

Dihydroergota Ergot alkaloid To treat acute CNS: Anxiety, confusion, Assess patient’s capillary Encourage patient
mine migraine with or dizziness, fatigue, refill, peripheral pulses, lie down in a quie
Therapeutic class: without aura headache, paresthesia, and skin sensation and dark room after us
Brand Name: somnolence, weakness warmth. After giving nasal drug.
Dihydroergota Antimigraine CV: Bradycardia, chest dihydroergotamine,
mine pain, peripheral vasospasm, monitor patient for signs of Instruct patient to
-Sandoz tachycardia widespread blood vessel more
EENT: Abnormal vision; constriction and adverse dihydroergotamin
dry mouth; epistaxis, nasal reactions caused by headache returns o
congestion or rhinitis, and decreased circulation to worsens but not to
sore nose (nasal spray); many body areas exceed maximum
miosis; pharyngitis; prescribed amount
sinusitis; taste perversion frequency.
GI: Diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting MS: Muscle Advise patient to
stiffness avoid alcohol, whi
SKIN: Localized edema of can cause or worse
face, feet, fingers, and headaches, and to
lower legs; sensation of avoid smoking,
heat or warmth; sudden which may cause a
diaphoresis ischemic response