Honors Evolution Study Guide

Due the day of your exam. This needs to be handwritten in your composition book or handwritten in
Notability.

Vocabulary:
Evidences of Evolution Mechanisms of Evolution Mutations Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium

● Evolution ● Gene Pool ● Gene Mutations ● Equations

● Charles Darwin ● Non Random Mating ○ Point/substitution ● p
● Lamarck’s Theory ● Gene Flow ○ Insertion ● q
● Survival of the ● Genetic Drift ○ Deletion ● p2
“Fittest” ● Mutations ○ Inversion ● 2pq
● Fossil Record ● Geographical Isolation ● Chromosomal ● q2
● Homologous ● Temporal Isolation Mutations
Structures ● Behavioral Isolation ○ Deletion
● Analogous Structures ● Coevolution ○ Duplication
● Vestigial Structures ● Bottleneck Effect ○ Translocation
● DNA Analysis ● Founder Effect ○ Inversion
● Biogeography ● Artificial selection
● Embryology (selective breeding)
● Adaptive Radiation ● Speciation
● Phylogenetic Tree ● Natural Selection
● Cladogram ○ Directional Selection
● Adaptation ○ Stabilizing Selection
○ Disruptive Selection

1. What is the difference between Darwin’s and Lamarck’s theories of evolution?

Lamarck theorized
evolution stemed
from change
Darwin theorized
thatthemore inphysicaltraitsover on argabors like
fit naturallyselected
orgatorwouldsurvive
the
topassdownan
toiramino
traitsTheunfitre
2. Use the diagram below to answer the following questions. Each letter represents acid: stew

a. The Dog and the Chimpanzee have how many DIFFERENT amino acids?

6 different Aminoacids
b. The Human and the Chimpanzee have how many DIFFERENT amino acids?

1 Amino cadia
c. Which organism is the Chimpanzee closer related to? How do you know?

The human as to most

share the
Amino acids Common
 between or

3. What is the difference between a homologous structure and an analogous structure? Give an example
of each.
share a similarbonestructure
Homologousstructures
butdifferent functionsHas a commonanasser
AnalogousstructuresShaesamefunctions
but DifferentbonestructureDoesntSharecommonancestor
4. What do vestigial structures tell us about their ancestors? Give an example of a vestigial structure.
Vestigialstructures
cansnowwhatorganismsevolvedfromshowingthat thcome from a
tresson
common

WisDomTeeth are vestigial

Streages
5. How is embryology used to show common ancestry?

It is used to show howall organin butdeveloper differentit throughtheembrose

Sowly SomeResembase them
by
6. What is adaptive radiation? What is an example?

Thetransformation of an Originalspecies
adeptin
theirhabitats creatingnewadaptations in theSparly

7. What is coevolution? Provide an example of coevolution.

Speeds in similar relationship evolve Simateously

an example couldbeclosely relatedspores evolvingsimilarattheSemtime

8. The fossil record of mollusks is shown above. Make one inference about how mollusks have changed
over time.

The mollusks had adapted

to be larger for tour
Aniramar
 1
9. Use the phylogenetic tree above to answer the following questions:
a. Chimpanzees are MOST closely related to what animal?

The Bonobos
b. Humans share the closest common ancestor with what two animals?

The Chimpanzees and Bonobos

c. Humans are LEAST related to which animal?

The Orangesang

10. Use the cladogram to answer the following questions:

a. What characteristics do all of the animals, except the lancelet, have in common?

all have Jaws and

a
b.
The vertebral column
What characteristics do the turtle and the leopard have in common?

vertebral Column Jab Fourless Cac Annioticeggs

c. What characteristics do the lamprey not have?

For walking les Amniotic 95 and her

Mechanisms of evolution:
11. What causes speciation to occur?
Popunties
are isolatedfromgeographicbarriersReproductively
isolated Temporalisolation
orBenarmin isolan
12. What is required in a population for natural selection to occur?

A desired trait that is suited tosurvivein itshomies

 13. What is the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium?

Gradualism contines
at a Stad Paceacross generations
Where Punctuated eavilibrium
spikes in evolution sorthtospens
14. What is the difference between gene flow and genetic drift?
newseesintoasee
poor
Geneflowintrons fromaloss are
aurreDiana
Portlandstag.in ontenonPopiieiml

15. What is the difference between the founder effect and the bottleneck effect?

Thefounder effect results in a small Populationbeing

told to a desolateareawhere
Thebottle this
helk effect occursfromSomesort of disasterthat results in a decide inthePopulation
16. What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?
a some are more
immanent
forwwhich
hich orgasms in
NaturalSelection is chosen bt to anoutsidesource isntAmandawhenisusumusedtoset desk
Airtosurvive ArtificialSelectionis faced by
traits
17. Draw the three types of natural selection graphs (directional, disruptive, and stabilizing) and label them.

Hardy Weinberg:
TE aan
18. What are the Hardy-Weinberg equations?

Pt a 1
2Pa 92 1
p19. Complete this practice problem.
a. In fruit flies, normal wings are dominant to stubby wings. In a population of 5000 flies, 3550
have normal wings.
i. What is the frequency of the recessive allele?

ii. 0.54
What is the frequency of the dominant allele?

iii.
0.46
What is the frequency of the homozygous dominant?

iv.
0.21
How many homozygous dominant individuals are there in the population?

1050 Homozisas indirands

v. What is the frequency of the heterozygous?

vi.
50
How many heterozygous individuals are there in the population?

2500