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Impulse and Unit Step Functions - Flux - Annon

The document discusses the Dirac Delta function and the Unit Step function, including their mathematical definitions and properties. It covers the Laplace Transform of these functions and introduces the Second Shifting Theorem related to time-shifting. Examples are provided to illustrate the concepts and transformations involved.

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29 views25 pages

Impulse and Unit Step Functions - Flux - Annon

The document discusses the Dirac Delta function and the Unit Step function, including their mathematical definitions and properties. It covers the Laplace Transform of these functions and introduces the Second Shifting Theorem related to time-shifting. Examples are provided to illustrate the concepts and transformations involved.

Uploaded by

dummyacc035
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Impulse and Unit Step

Functions

Advanced Engineering Mathematics


MATH115
Dirac Delta Function

The function,

is mathematically modelled as
Dirac Delta Function

To find out what will happen if 𝑘 becomes smaller and smaller, we


take the limit of 𝑓𝑘 as 𝑘 → 0(𝑘 > 0). This limit is denoted by
𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑎)
that is,
𝛿 𝑡 − 𝑎 = lim 𝑓𝑘 (𝑡 − 𝑎)
𝑘→0

This is called the Dirac Delta function or the unit impulse function.
Dirac Delta Function

As the width
approaches 0
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ → 0
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ → ∞
Example

Draw the following Impulse Functions:


1.𝛿 𝑡 − 1 2.𝛿 𝑡 − 4
Laplace Transform of the
Dirac Delta Function

As the width
approaches 0
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ → 0
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ → ∞
Examples

Find the Laplace Transform of the following functions:


1. 𝛿 𝑡 2. 𝛿 𝑡 − 1
Unit Step Function

The unit step function or Heaviside function 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝑎) is 0 for 𝑡 <


𝑎 has a jump of size 1 at 𝑡 = 𝑎 (where we can leave it undefined),
and is 1 for 𝑡 = 𝑎, in a formula:
0 𝑡<𝑎
𝑢 𝑡−𝑎 =ቊ
1 𝑡>𝑎
Example

Draw the following Unit Step functions:


1. 𝑢 𝑡 − 1
2. 𝑢 𝑡 − 4
Example

Draw the following Unit Step functions:


1. 𝑢 𝑡 − 1 2. 𝑢 𝑡 − 4
Effects of Unit Step
Function
Laplace Transform of a
Unit Step function
The transform of 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝑎) follows directly from the defining integral
Example

Determine the Laplace transform of the following unit step function:


1. 𝑢 𝑡 − 1 2. 𝑢 𝑡 − 4
Second Shifting Theorem
(t-Shifting)
Also called time-shifting.
If 𝑓(𝑡) has the transform 𝐹(𝑠), then the “shifted function”,
0 𝑡<𝑎
𝑔 𝑡 =𝑓 𝑡−𝑎 𝑢 𝑡−𝑎 =ቊ
𝑓 𝑡−𝑎 𝑡>𝑎
has the transform
ℒ 𝑓 𝑡−𝑎 𝑢 𝑡−𝑎 = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)
Where,
𝐹 𝑠 = Laplace transform of 𝑓 𝑡
Second Shifting Theorem
(t-Shifting)
If the function 𝑓 𝑡 and the unit step are not shifted by the same
value then its Laplace transform would be
Examples

1. 𝑡 − 2 (𝑡 > 2)
Solution:
1. Find the equation of 𝑓 𝑡
Examples

1. 𝑡 − 2 (𝑡 > 2)
Solution:
2. If 𝑔 𝑡 is in the form 𝑔 𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑡 − 𝑎 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑎 , then its Laplace transform is
ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 − 𝑎 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑎 = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠).
If 𝑔 𝑡 is in the form 𝑔 𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑡 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑎 , then its Laplace transform is
ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑎 = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 + 𝑎 .
Examples

2. 𝑒 𝑡 (0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋/2)


Solution:
1. Find the equation of 𝑔 𝑡
Examples

2. 𝑒 𝑡 (0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋/2)


Solution:
2. If 𝑔 𝑡 is in the form 𝑔 𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑡 − 𝑎 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑎 , then its Laplace transform is
ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 − 𝑎 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑎 = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝐹(𝑠).
If 𝑔 𝑡 is in the form 𝑔 𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑡 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑎 , then its Laplace transform is
ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑎 = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 + 𝑎 .
Examples

2. 𝑒 𝑡 (0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋/2)


Solution:
Examples

3.
Solution:
1. Find the equation of 𝑔 𝑡
Examples

3.
Solution:
END

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