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Computer Networks

Computer networks are systems that connect devices for communication and resource sharing, ranging from local networks to the Internet. Key types include LAN, WAN, MAN, and wireless networks, each with specific characteristics and components like routers and switches. Network security and protocols are essential for safe and efficient operation, supporting applications such as cloud computing and IoT.

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6 views3 pages

Computer Networks

Computer networks are systems that connect devices for communication and resource sharing, ranging from local networks to the Internet. Key types include LAN, WAN, MAN, and wireless networks, each with specific characteristics and components like routers and switches. Network security and protocols are essential for safe and efficient operation, supporting applications such as cloud computing and IoT.

Uploaded by

HABAKON SUSHI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks

Computer networks are interconnected systems of devices that communicate and


share resources. These networks range from small local setups to vast global
infrastructures like the Internet.

Types of Computer Networks

1.​ Local Area Network (LAN)​

○​ Connects devices within a limited area (e.g., home, office).​

○​ High-speed data transfer with low latency.​

2.​ Wide Area Network (WAN)​

○​ Covers large geographical areas (e.g., the Internet).​

○​ Uses routers and leased telecommunication lines.​

3.​ Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)​

○​ Covers a city or large campus.​

○​ Bridges multiple LANs using fiber optics or wireless links.​

4.​ Wireless Networks (WLAN, WWAN)​

○​ Uses radio waves for communication.​

○​ Includes Wi-Fi, cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G).​

Network Components

●​ Router: Directs data between different networks.​

●​ Switch: Connects multiple devices in a LAN.​

●​ Modem: Converts digital and analog signals for Internet access.​

●​ Access Point: Extends wireless network coverage.​

Network Topologies

●​ Star: Devices connect to a central hub (common in LANs).​


●​ Bus: All devices share a single communication line.​

●​ Ring: Data travels in a circular loop.​

●​ Mesh: Every device connects to multiple others for redundancy.​

Network Protocols

●​ TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Foundation of the


Internet.​

●​ HTTP/HTTPS: Web communication protocols.​

●​ FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Transfers files between systems.​

●​ DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves domain names to IP addresses.​

●​ DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Assigns IP addresses


dynamically.​

Network Security

●​ Firewalls: Block unauthorized access.​

●​ Encryption: Protects data from interception.​

●​ VPN (Virtual Private Network): Secures remote access.​

●​ Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Monitors for malicious activity.​

Applications of Computer Networks

●​ Internet & Web Services – Browsing, email, social media.​

●​ Cloud Computing – Remote data storage and processing.​

●​ VoIP & Video Conferencing – Skype, Zoom, Teams.​

●​ IoT (Internet of Things) – Smart home devices, industrial automation.​

Conclusion
Computer networks form the backbone of modern communication, enabling data
sharing, remote access, and connectivity. Their evolution continues to shape
technology and global interactions.

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