2 MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION

Question Bank

1. By giving an example prove rest and motion are relative terms.

Ans. A person sitting at the back seat of a moving car is at rest with respect to the internal surroundings of car.
However, same person is in motion as his position with respect to external surrounding of the car changes.
Thus, rest and motion are relative terms with respect to surroundings.
2. Give an example of a body which covers a certain distance but its displacement is zero.
Ans. When a body moves along a circular path, such that it reaches the starting point after a certain interval of
time, it covers a distance equal to the circumference of circular path, but its displacement is zero, because
the displacement between initial and final position of body is zero.
3. Give an example of an accelerated body, moving with uniform speed. Explain your answer.
Ans. A dust particle which lies on the circumference of a revolving rim of a bicycle has a uniform speed. However,
as the direction of motion of particle continuously changes, it has a variable velocity and hence has an acceleration.
4. Does the value of acceleration due to gravity remains the same at all places of earth? Explain your answer.
Ans. No, value of acceleration due to gravity changes from place to place. It is maximum at poles and decreases,
if the body is moved towards equator.
5. Pick out the correct answers :
(a) A ball projected vertically upward rises to a height x and then returns back to thrower in time t.
2x
(i) The average velocity of ball is . (ii) The acceleration of ball is zero.
t
(iii) The initial speed of ball is half than final speed. (iv) Displacement of ball is zero.
(b) Unit of acceleration is (i) ms (ii) m (iii) ms–2 (iv) ms2.
–1

Ans. (a) Displacement of ball is zero.   (b) Unit for acceleration is ms–2.
6. The Shatabadi Express covers a distance of 450 km in 5 h between Amritsar and Delhi. What is average speed
of train in (i) km h–1 (ii) ms–1?
Ans. Distance between Amritsar and Delhi (s) = 450 km.
Time for journey (t) = 5 h.
s 450
(i) ∴ Speed of train = = km = 90 kmh–1.
t 5h
5

(ii) ∴ Speed of train in ms–1 = 90 × ms–1 = 25 ms–1.
18
7. An athlete runs around a circular path of circumference 360 m in 1 minute and reaches the starting point.
Calculate (i) distance covered by the athlete (ii) displacement (iii) average speed (iv) average velocity.
Ans. (i) Distance covered = Length of path travelled along circumference = 360 m.
(ii) Displacement = zero. It is because the athlete reaches back at the initial point.
s 360 m
(iii) Average speed = = = 6 ms–1.
t 60  s
Displacement 0
(iv) Average velocity = = = zero.
Time 60 s
8. A train takes 80 minutes to travel from station P to Q and 40 minutes to return from Q  to  P. If the distance
between P to Q is 60 km, calculate (i) average speed (ii) average velocity of train.
Ans. (i) Total distance between P and Q on both ways journey = 2 × 60 = 120 km.
Total time for journey = (40 + 80) = 120 min = 2 h.
s 120 km
∴ Average speed of train = = = 60 kmh–1.
t 2h
(ii) As the train reaches back to its initial position, therefore, displacement is zero.
Displacement 0
∴
Average velocity = = = zero.
Time 2h
Questions Bank 17
 9. A body starts from rest and picks up a velocity of 15 ms–1 in 3 s. Find the acceleration in (i) ms–2 (ii) kmh–2.
Ans. (i) Change in velocity = (15 – 0) = 15 ms–1
Time = 3 s.
Change in velocity 15 ms–1
∴ Acceleration = = = 5 ms–2.
Time 3s
5 3600 × 3600
(ii) Acceleration in km h–2 ×
= km h–2 = 64800 kmh–2.
1000 1×1
10. A speeding car slows down from 108 km h–1 to 36 kmh–1 in 4 s. Calculate deceleration in (i) ms–2 (ii) kmh–2.
5
Ans. (i) Change in velocity = (36 –108) = – 72 km h–1 = –72 × = –20 ms–1
18

Time = 4 s
Change in velocity – 20 ms–1
∴ Acceleration = = = –5 ms–2.
Time 4s

∴ Deceleration = – (a) = – (– 5ms–2) = 5 ms–2.
5 3600 × 3600
(ii) ∴ Deceleration in kmh–2 = × kmh–2 = 64800 kmh–2.
1000 1×1
11. A body falls freely downward from a certain height. Show graphically the relation between the distance fallen
and square of time. How will you determine ‘g’ from the graph.
Ans. In order to find acceleration due to gravity, slope of graph is calculated.
∆s s

Distance
Slope = (∆t)2 = t2 Ds

The acceleration due to gravity is given by the expression (Dt)2

2s (Time)2
g = 2 × Slope = 2 .
t
12. Draw a diagram to show the motion of a body whose speed remains constant, but velocity changes
continuously.
Ans. A body moving around a circular path has a uniform A Velocity at A
speed (such as revolving ceiling fan), but has a variable
velocity because its direction continuously changes. B

Velocity at B

13. A body at rest is released downward from the top of a tower. Draw a distance time-graph for its free fall
under gravity during first 3 seconds. Show your table of values starting t = 0 with interval of 1 second
[g = 10 ms–2 ].
Ans. Time in (s) Distance in (m) 45
0 0 40
Distance in (m)

1 5 35
30
2 20 25
3 45 20
15
10
14. An object covers a distance S in time t as follows. 5
S (metres) 0 4 10 10 8 5 0 0 1 2 3 4
Time in (seconds)
t (seconds) 0 2 5 10 12 15 20
Plot a graph, taking t on X- axis and S on Y-axis. Determine displacement of object at time (i) 7 s. (ii) 13 s.
18 A New Approach to I.C.S.E. Physics - IX
Ans.
10
9
8
Distance in (m)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 2 4 6 7  8 10 12 13 14 16 18 20
Time in (s)
(i) Displacement after 7 seconds in 10 m.
(ii) Displacement after 13 seconds is 7 m.

15 Displacement (m) 0 4 8 12 16 20
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4 5
From the displacement-time table given above draw a graph choosing a suitable scale. From the graph calculate
(i) average velocity (ii) displacement between 1.5 s and 3.5 s.
Total displacement 20 m
Ans. (i) Average velocity = = = 4 ms–1.
Total time 5s 20
(ii) Displacement between 1.5 s and 3.5 s = (14 m – 6 m) = 8 m.

Displacement in (m)
16
14
12

8
6
4

0 1 1.5 2 3 3.5 4 5
Time in (s)

16. Displacement (m) 3 6 9 12 12 12 6 0

Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
From the table given above plot a displacement-time graph. From the graph calculate :
(i) Average velocity between 0 – 3 s.
(ii) Average velocity between 3 s – 5 s.
12
(iii) Average velocity between 5 s – 7 s.
10
Displacement in (m)

Ans. (i) Average velocity between 0 – 3 s.

12 – 3 9 8
= = = 3 ms–1
3 3
6
(ii) Average velocity between 3 s –5 s
4
0m
== 0 ms–1.
2s 2
(iii) Average velocity between 5 s – 7 s.
0 –12 m 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
= = – 6 ms–1. Time in (s)
2s

Questions Bank 19
 17. A car travels at a uniform velocity of 25 ms–1 for 5 s. The brakes are then applied and car comes to rest with
a uniform retardation in further 10 s. Draw a graph of velocity vs. time. From the graph find out distance
which the car travels, after brakes are applied. Calculate the value of retardation.
Ans. Distance travelled after the application of brakes
= Area of ∆BDC 25 B
1 1 A
= × BD × DC = × 25 ms × 10 s–1
20

Velocity (ms–1)
2 2
= 125 m. 15
Retardation = Slope of BC 10
BD 25 ms–1 5
= = = 2.5 ms–2. D C
DC 10 s
0 5 10 15 20 25
18. Velocity in (ms–1) 20 20 10 20 0 Time in (s)
Time in (seconds) 0 5 7 10 15
The table above shows the velocity of a motor bike at various intervals of time.
(i) Plot the velocity-time graph. (ii) Calculate deceleration between 5 s – 7 s.
(iii) Calculate acceleration between 7 s and 10 s. (iv) Calculate deceleration between 10 s and 15 s.
(v) Total distance travelled by motor-bike. (vi) Average velocity of motor bike.
Ans. (i) The graph is shown below.

25
D
Velocity (ms–1)

20 A B
15
C
10
5 K H G F E
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time in (second)
(10 – 20) ms–1
(ii) Deceleration between 5 s – 7 s = = – 5 ms–2.
2s
(20 – 10) ms–1
(iii) Acceleration between 7 s – 10 s = = 3.33 ms–2.
3s
(0 – 20) ms–1
(iv) Deceleration between 10 s – 15 s = = – 4 ms–2.
5s
(v) Total distance travelled
= Area of ABHK + Area of trapezium BCGH + Area of trapezium CGFD + Area of ∆DFE.
1 1 1
= 20 ms–1 × 5 s + (20 + 10) ms–1 × 2 s + (10 + 20) ms–1 × 3 s + × 20 ms–1 × 5 s
2 2 2
= 100 m + 30 m + 45 m + 50 m = 225 m.
Total distance 225 m
(vi) Average velocity of motor bike = Total time = 15 s = 15 ms .
–1

19. A cyclist driving at 5 ms–1, picks up a velocity of 10 ms–1, over a distance of 50 m. Calculate (i) acceleration
(ii) time in which the cyclist picks up the above velocity.
Ans. u = 5 ms–1; v = 10 ms–1; S = 50 m; a = ? t = ?
(i) Applying v2 – u2 = 2aS. (ii) Applying v = u + at
(10)2 – (5)2 = 2 × a × 50 10 = 5 + 0.75 × t
or 75 = 100a 5
∴ t = = 6.67 s.
0.75
∴ a = 0.75 ms–2 .

20 A New Approach to I.C.S.E. Physics - IX

 20. A truck running at 90 km h–1 is brought to rest over a distance of 25 m. Calculate the retardation and time
for which brakes are applied.
Ans. u = 90 kmh–1 = 25 ms–1; v = 0; S = 25 m a =? t =?
Applying v2 – u2 = 2aS.
(0)2 – (25)2 = 2 × a × 25
625
∴ a =– = –12.5 ms–2
50
∴ Retardation = – (acceleration) = – (–12.5 ms–2) = 12.5 ms–2
Applying v =u + at
0 = 25 – 12.5 × t
∴ 12.5 t = 25 or t = 2 s.
21. A motor bike running at 90 kmh–1 is slowed down to 18 kmh–1 in 2.5 s. Calculate (i) acceleration (ii) distance
covered during the action of slowing down.
Ans. u = 90 kmh–1 = 25 ms–1;  v = 18 kmh–1 = 5 ms–1; t = 2.5 s; a = ? S = ?
(i) Applying v = u + at (ii) Applying v2 – u2 = 2aS.
5 = 25 + a × 2.5 (5)2 – (25)2 = 2 × –8 × S
or –20 = 2.5a or – 600 = –16S
20 600
or a = – = –8 ms–2. ∴ S = 16 = 37.5 m.
2.5
22. A motor car slows down from 72 kmh–1 to 36 kmh–1 over a distance of 25 m. If the brakes are applied with
the same force, calculate (i) distance travelled by the car (ii) total time in which the car comes to rest.
Ans. Case I. u = 72 km h–1 = 20 ms–1; v = 36 kmh–1 = 10 ms–1; S = 25 m; a = ?
Applying v – u = 2aS
2 2

(10)2 – (20)2 = 2 × a × 25
∴ –300 = 50a ∴ a = – 6 ms–2
Case II. u = 72 kmh–1 = 20 ms–1; v = 0; S = ?; t = ?; a = –6 ms–2
(i) Applying v2 – u2 = 2aS (ii) Applying v =u + at
(0)2 – (20)2 = 2 × (–6) × S 0 = 20 + (– 6) × t
– 400 20
∴ S = = 33.33 m. ∴ t = = 3.33 s.
–12 6
23. A stone is thrown vertically upwards, takes 4 s to return to the thrower. Calculate (i) initial velocity
(ii) maximum height attained by stone. [Take, g = 9.8 ms–2]
Ans. Time for upward journey of stone = 4 s ÷ 2 = 2 s.
u = ?; v = 0; t = 2 s; g = –9.8 ms–2; S = ?
1
(i) Applying v = u + gt (ii) Applying S = ut + gt2
2
0 = u – 9.8 × 2 1
= 19.6 × 2 + × (– 9.8) × 4
∴ u = 19.6 ms . –1 2
= 39.2 – 19.6 = 19.6 m.
24. A stone is dropped from a top of cliff reaches ground level in 4 s and then buries itself into 0.80 m of mud.
Calculate (i) height of cliff (ii) final velocity of stone on reaching ground level (iii) deceleration produced by
mud. [Take g = 9.8 ms—2].
Ans. Case I : When the stone is having free fall.
u = 0; v = ?; t = 4 s; g = 9.8 ms–2 ; S =?
1 2
(i) Applying S = ut + gt
2
1
= 0 × 4 + × 9.8 × (4)2 = 78.4 m.
2
(ii) Applying v = u + gt
= 0 + 9.8 × 4 = 39.2 ms–1.
Questions Bank 21
 Case II : When the stone buries itself in mud.
u = 39.2 ms–1; v = 0; a = ?; S = 0.8 m
v2 – u2 = 2 aS
(iii) Applying (0)2 – (39.2)2 = 2 × a × 0.8
39.2 × 39.2
∴ a =– = – 960.4 ms–2
1.6
∴ Deceleration = – (Acceleration) = –(–960.4 ms–2) = 960.4 ms–2.
25. A packet dropped from a helicopter reaches the water level of a river in 7.5 s and then travels for 4 m within
the water, before coming to rest. Calculate (i) the height of helicopter above the level of water (ii) final
velocity of packet, before hitting water (iii) retardation offered by water. [Take g = 10 ms–2].
Ans. Case I : When the packet is having free fall.
u = 0; v = ?; t = 7.5 s; g = 10 ms–2; S = ?
1 2
(i) Applying S = ut + gt
2
1
S = 0 × 7.5 + × 10 × 7.5 × 7.5
2
or S = 281.25 m.
(ii) Applying v = u + gt
= 0 + 10 × 7.5 = 75 ms–1
Case II : When the stone is being retarded by water.

u = 75 ms–1; v = 0; S = 4 m; a =?
(iii) Applying v2 – u2 = 2aS.
(0)2 – (75)2 =2×a×4
–5625
or a =
8
∴ a = –703.125 ms–2
∴ Retardation offered by water = – (Acceleration) = – (–703.125 ms–2) = 703.125 ms–2.

26. A spaceship is moving in space with a velocity of 60 kms–1. It fires its retro-engines for 20 s and the velocity
is reduced to 55 kms–1. Calculate the distance travelled by spaceship in 40 s, from the time of firing retro-
engines.
Ans. Case 1 : Time for which ship is decelerating = 20 s.
u = 60 kms–1; v = 55 kms–1; t = 20 s; a = ?; S = ?

Applying v = u + at
55 = 60 + a × 20
∴ 20a = –5 or a = –0.25 kms–2
1

Applying S = ut + at2
2
1
S = 60 × 20 + × (– 0.25) × 20 × 20
2
= 1200 – 50 = 1150 km
Case 2 : Time for which ship is moving with uniform velocity of 55 kms–1 = (40 –20) = 20 s

∴ Distance travelled by ship = 55 × 20 = 1100 km.
∴ Total distance travelled by ship = 1150 + 1100
= 2250 km.


22 A New Approach to I.C.S.E. Physics - IX