PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT
MA 06: TRIGONOMETRY
TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITIES
An identity is an equation that is true for all
values of the variable in the domain of the
equation.
If some values of the variable in the domain
of the equation do not satisfy the equation is
called a conditional equation.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Consider a right ▪ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
triangle with 𝜃 as one ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
of its acute angles. 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
The trigonometric ▪ cos 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ratios are defined as
follows: 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
▪ tan 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
▪ csc 𝜃 =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
▪ sec 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
SOH-CAH-TOA / CHO-SHA-CAO ▪ cot 𝜃 =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
RECIPROCAL
IDENTITIES
(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝟏
𝑟 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
𝑦 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽
𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
𝜃 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽
𝑥
𝟏
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 =
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽
RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES
(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽
𝟏
𝑟 𝑦 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽
𝟏
𝜃 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 =
𝑥 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽
𝟏
𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝜽 = 𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟏
𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 = 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 = 𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
QUOTIENT
IDENTITIES
(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝑟
𝑦 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 =
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝜃 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝑥 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 =
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2
(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑟2
=
𝑟2 𝑟2
𝑥2 𝑦2
2 + 2 =1
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
𝑦
𝑥 2 𝑦 2
+ =1
𝑟 𝑟
𝜃
cos 𝜃 2 + sin 𝜃 2 =1
𝑥
𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 + 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =𝟏
𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 + 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =𝟏
(𝑥, 𝑦) cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 1
+ =
sin2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
𝟐 𝟐
𝑟
𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 + 𝟏 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝜽
𝑦
cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 1
+ =
𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
𝑥 𝟏+ 𝟐
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = 𝟐
𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES
(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝟐
𝟐
𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = ± 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽+𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 𝟏
= 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽
𝑟 𝑦 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = ± 𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽
𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟐
𝜃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏
𝑥 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 + 𝟏 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 = ± 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽+𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 𝟏 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝜽 = ± 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟏
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑟2 𝟐 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏
= 2 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝑟2 𝑟 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 𝟏
𝑥2 𝑦2 + 𝟐 = 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏
+ 2=1 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝑟 2 𝑟
𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = ± 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏
𝑥 2 𝑦 2
+ =1 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 = ± 𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝑟 𝑟
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏
Simplify the following expressions.
1. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1
sin 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
=
sin 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽
2. 𝟑
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 + 𝟐
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
2 2
= sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃
= sin 𝜃 1
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝟑 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝜽 1−sin2𝜃
3. =
𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
=
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
𝜽
= 𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
4. 𝟐
(𝐜𝐬𝒄 𝜽 − 𝟐
𝟏)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽)
2 2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 sin 𝜃
cos 2𝜃 2
= sin 𝜃
sin2 𝜃
𝟐
= 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝐜𝐬𝒄 𝜽 − 𝟏)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝟓. + =
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+1
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝟐
+ =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐜𝐨𝒔 𝜽
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT
MA 06: TRIGONOMETRY
PROVING
TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITIES
PROVING TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PROVING IDENTITIES
1.Know the eight basic relationships and recognize
alternative forms of each.
2.Know the procedures for adding and subtracting fractions,
reducing fractions, and transforming fractions into
equivalent fractions.
3.Know factoring and special product techniques.
4.Use only substitution and simplification procedures that
allow you to work on exactly one side of an equation.
5.Select the side of the equation that appears more
complicated and attempt to transform it into the form of
the other side of the equation.
PROVING TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PROVING IDENTITIES
6. Transform each side of the equation, independently, into
the same form.
7.Avoid substitutions that introduce radicals.
8.Use substitutions to change all trigonometric functions into
expressions involving only sine and cosine and then
simplify.
9.Multiply the numerator and denominator of a fraction by
the conjugate of either.
10.Simplify a square root of a fraction by using conjugates to
transform it into the quotient of perfect squares.
Prove the following identities.
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽−𝟐𝟓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽−𝟓
1. =
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽+𝟏𝟎𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽+𝟐𝟓 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽+𝟓
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+5)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−5) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−5
=
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+5)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+5) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+5
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽−𝟓 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−5
=
Manipulate LHS 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽+𝟓 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+5
Prove the following identities.
sin2 𝜃+2 cos2 𝜃
2. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
sin2 𝜃 2 cos2 𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = +
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = +
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 + 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽
Manipulate RHS
Prove the following identities.
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
3. =
𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=
(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=
1−cos2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Manipulate LHS =
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Prove the following identities.
4. 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
2 2 1 1
sec 𝑥 csc 𝑥 = +
cos2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥
sin2 𝑥+cos2 𝑥
sec 2 𝑥 csc 2 𝑥 =
cos2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥
2 2 1
sec 𝑥 csc 𝑥 =
cos2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥
2 2 1 1
sec 𝑥 csc 𝑥 =
cos2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥
sec 2 𝑥 csc 2 𝑥 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟐 𝒙
Manipulate RHS
Prove the following identities.
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝟏
5. =
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1
=
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
sec2 𝑥−tan2 𝑥 1
=
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
sec2 𝑥−tan2 𝑥 1
2
=
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝟏 1
=
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
Manipulate LHS
EVEN-ODD IDENTITIES
•An even function is one in which 𝑓 −𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 .
•An odd function is one in which 𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑓 𝑥 .
𝜽 EVEN
−𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔 −𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒔𝒆𝒄 −𝜽 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽
ODD
𝒔𝒊𝒏 −𝜽 = −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏 −𝜽 = −𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
𝒄𝒔𝒄 −𝜽 = −𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕 −𝜽 = −𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 + 𝑩 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨 + 𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩
SUM AND 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + −𝐵
DIFFERENCE 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 − 𝐵
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 − 𝐵
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 cos −𝐵 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 sin −𝐵
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 cos 𝐵 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 (−sin 𝐵 )
IDENTITIES 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 − 𝑩 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 + −𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 cos −𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 sin −𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴−𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 cos 𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 (−sin 𝐵 )
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨−𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩
SUM AND DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 + 𝑩 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 − 𝑩 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨 + 𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨 − 𝑩 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩
SUM AND DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 + 𝐵
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
+
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
−
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨−𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 + 𝑩 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 − 𝑩 =
𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩 𝟏+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩
SUM AND DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 + 𝑩 =
𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 − 𝑩 =
𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩
Use the sum and difference identities to find exact answers
for the following.
1. 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟎𝟓°
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
sin 60° + 45° = sin 60° cos 45° + cos 60° sin 45°
3 2 1 2
sin 60° + 45° = +
2 2 2 2
3 2 1 2
sin 105° = +
2 2 2 2
𝟔+ 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟎𝟓° =
𝟒
Use the sum and difference identities to find exact answers
for the following.
2. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟏𝟓°
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑠 60° − 45° = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 60° cos 45° + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60° sin 45°
1 2 3 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 60° − 45° = +
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 15° = +
2 2 2 2
𝟐+ 𝟔
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟏𝟓° =
𝟒
Use the sum and difference identities to find exact answers
for the following.
𝟐𝟑𝝅
3. 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟏𝟐
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
5𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋
sin + = sin cos + cos sin
3 4 3 4 3 4
5𝜋 𝜋 3 2 1 2
sin + = − +
3 4 2 2 2 2
23𝜋 3 2 1 2
sin = − +
12 2 2 2 2
𝟐𝟑𝝅 − 𝟔+ 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 =
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
DOUBLE-ANGLE IDENTITIES
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − (𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽)
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏 +𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = (𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟏 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 + 𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐𝜽 =
𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽
DOUBLE-ANGLE IDENTITIES
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏
𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟏 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐𝜽 =
𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽
Use the double-angle identities to find exact answers for the
following.
1. 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 120° = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2(60°)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2(60°) = 2 sin 60° cos 60°
3 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 120° = 2
2 2
𝟑
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟐𝟎° =
𝟐
Use the double-angle identities to find exact answers for the
following.
2. 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒙
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2(2𝑥)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2(2𝑥) = 2 sin 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙
Use the double-angle identities to find exact answers for the
following.
𝟏
3. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟎° < 𝒙 < 𝟗𝟎°, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙
𝟑
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
3
2 2 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 =2
3 3
𝟒 𝟐
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 =
𝟗
HALF-ANGLE IDENTITIES
𝑥
Recall, Recall, 𝑥 sin 2
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟏 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟏 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑥
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠
2
𝑥 𝑥
Let 𝜃= Let 𝜃= 𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
2 2 ±
𝑥 𝟐
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝑥
= 1 −2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝑥
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
2 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
2 2 2 2 ± 𝟐
2 𝑥 2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 1 −2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
2 2 𝑥 𝟐
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥
= 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
= 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
2
2 2 𝟐
2 𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 2 𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = 𝑥 𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
2 2 2 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
𝒙 𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒙 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 2 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝐬𝐢𝐧 =± 𝒄𝒐𝒔 =±
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
HALF-ANGLE IDENTITIES
𝑥 𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
2 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝑥 1−cos 𝑥 1+cos 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
2 1+cos 𝑥 1+cos 𝑥
𝑥 1−cos2 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
2 1+cos 𝑥 2
𝑥 sin2 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
2 1+cos 𝑥 2 𝒕𝒂𝒏 =
𝟐 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏 = 𝒙 𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝟐 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏 =
𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
HALF-ANGLE IDENTITIES
𝒙 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏 =±
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔 =±
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏 = = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 =
𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
Use the half-angle identities to find exact answers for the following.
𝟕 𝒙
1. 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙 = − 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟐𝟕𝟎° < 𝒙 < 𝟑𝟔𝟎°, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟐𝟓 𝟐
𝑥 1+cos 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 =±
2 2
24
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
25
24
𝑥 1+
25
𝑐𝑜𝑠 =±
2 2
𝒙
Since 𝟏𝟑𝟓° < < 𝟏𝟖𝟎°,
𝟐
𝒙 𝟕 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔 = −
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
Use the half-angle identities to find exact answers for the following.
𝟏𝟓 𝒙
2. 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒙 = − 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟖𝟎° < 𝒙 < 𝟐𝟕𝟎°, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟏𝟕 𝟐
𝑥 𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
2 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝟏𝟓
𝑥 𝟏− −
𝟏𝟕
𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝟏𝟓
2 𝟏+ −
𝟏𝟕
𝒙
Since 𝟗𝟎° < < 𝟏𝟑𝟓°,
𝟐
𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏 = −𝟒
𝟐
𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟏
𝜽 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒙
𝟐 − =𝟐
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝜃 1−cos 𝜃
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 tan = ,
2 1+cos 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1−cos 𝜃
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
=2
1+cos 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1−cos 𝜃 1−cos 𝜃 sin 3𝑥 − 𝑥
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =2
1+cos 𝜃 1−cos 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1−cos 𝜃 2
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 sin 2𝑥
1−cos2 𝜃 =2
1−cos 𝜃
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
sin2 𝜃
1−cos 𝜃
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =2
1
sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
− = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
sin 𝜃 s𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝟐=2
𝒄𝒔𝒄𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
PROBLEM SET #5
Answer the following problems.
1. Use the identities presented in this lesson to simplify
trigonometric expression:
sin 𝜃 1+cos 𝜃
+ .
1+cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
2
2. Given sin 𝜃 = and sec 𝜃 > 0, use the identities to find
5
the values of the remaining trigonometric functions of θ.
3. Use the double-angle identities to
find exact answer:
4 3𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜋 < 𝑥 < , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥.
3 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
4. Prove the identity = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
