Scribd
Upload
22 views34 pages

CH7

The document covers the fundamentals of electrical and electronics engineering, focusing on storage elements such as capacitors and inductors. It explains how capacitors store energy in an electric field and inductors store energy in a magnetic field, including their voltage-current relationships and examples of calculations. The document also discusses series and parallel connections for both capacitors and inductors.

Uploaded by

emrehaluk06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views34 pages

CH7

The document covers the fundamentals of electrical and electronics engineering, focusing on storage elements such as capacitors and inductors. It explains how capacitors store energy in an electric field and inductors store energy in a magnetic field, including their voltage-current relationships and examples of calculations. The document also discusses series and parallel connections for both capacitors and inductors.

Uploaded by

emrehaluk06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

ME 255

Electrical and Electronics


Engineering Fundamentals
Lecture #7

Dr. Nisa NACAR ÇIKAN


Fall 2021 ME 255 1
Outline
• Storage elements
• Capacitors
• Inductors

Fall 2021 ME 255 2


Storage Elements
• Remember: Resistors always dissipate energy
• Unlike resistors, capacitors and inductors do not
dissipate but store energy,
• This energy can be retrieved at a later time.
• So these elements are called storage elements.
• The application of resistive circuits is quite limited.
• With the introduction of capacitors and inductors in this
chapter, we will be able to analyze more important and
practical circuits.

Fall 2021 ME 255 3


Capacitors
• A capacitor is a passive element
designed to store energy in its
electric field.
• It consists of two conducting
plates separated by an insulator
(or dielectric).

Fall 2021 ME 255 4


Capacitors
• Circuit symbol

Fall 2021 ME 255 5


Capacitors
• Image here

Fall 2021 ME 255 6


Capacitors
• When a voltage source is
connected to the capacitor,
• the source deposits a positive
charge +q on one plate and
• a negative charge -q on the other.
• The capacitor is said to store
the electric charge.

Fall 2021 ME 255 7


Capacitors
• The amount of charge stored,
represented by q, is directly
proportional to the applied
voltage v so that

q  Cv

where C is the capacitance of the


capacitor.

Fall 2021 ME 255 8


Capacitors
• The unit of capacitance is the
farad (F).
• Capacitance is the ratio of the
charge on one plate of a
capacitor to the voltage
difference between the two
plates.

Fall 2021 ME 255 9


Capacitors
• To obtain the current-voltage relationship of the
capacitor, we take the derivative of both sides
dq dv dv
q  Cv C iC
dt dt dt
• Note that when the voltage across a capacitor is not
changing with time (i.e., DC voltage), the current
through the capacitor is zero.
• Capacitor acts as open circuit under DC voltage

Fall 2021 ME 255 10


Capacitors
• The voltage-current relation of the capacitor can be
obtained by integrating both sides

• Here v0 (t )  q (t0 ) / C is the voltage across the capacitor at


time 𝒕𝟎

Fall 2021 ME 255 11


Capacitors
• The instantaneous power delivered to the capacitor is

• The energy stored is

Fall 2021 ME 255 12


Capacitors
• Example: The voltage across a 𝟓𝝁𝑭 capacitor is
𝒗 𝒕 = 𝟖𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔. Calculate the current through the
capacitor

dv 6 d
i t   C  5  10 8cos 5000t 
dt dt
 5 106  5000  8sin 5000t  0.2  sin 5000tA

Fall 2021 ME 255 13


Capacitors
• Example: The voltage across a 𝟓𝝁𝑭 capacitor is
𝒗 = 𝟖 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔. Calculate the current through the capacitor

• Answer:
• 𝒊=𝟎
• No current passes through the capacitor if the voltage is
constant

Fall 2021 ME 255 14


Series and Parallel Capacitors
• Series connection:

Fall 2021 ME 255 15


Series and Parallel Capacitors
• Parallel connection:

Fall 2021 ME 255 16


Inductors
• An inductor is a passive element
designed to store energy in its
magnetic field.
• It consists of a coil of
conducting wire.

Fall 2021 ME 255 17


Inductors

Fall 2021 ME 255 18


Inductors

Fall 2021 ME 255 19


Inductors
• If current is allowed to pass
through an inductor,
• it is found that the voltage across
the inductor is directly
proportional to the time rate of
change of the current.

Fall 2021 ME 255 20


Inductors

• This equation is the voltage-current relationship for an


inductor.
• Here L is the constant of proportionality called the
inductance of the inductor.
• The unit of inductance is the henry (H).
• Note that when the current through an inductor is constant,
the voltage across the inductor is zero
• Inductor acts as short circuit under DC voltage
Fall 2021 ME 255 21
Inductors
• The current-voltage relation of the inductor can be
obtained by integrating both sides

• Here 𝒊 𝒕𝟎 is the total current at time 𝒕𝟎

Fall 2021 ME 255 22


Inductors
• The power delivered to the inductor is

• The energy stored is

Fall 2021 ME 255 23


Inductors
• Example: The current through a 0.1-H inductor is
𝒊 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎𝒕𝒆−𝟓𝒕 𝐀. Find the voltage across the inductor and
the energy stored in it.
di
dt
d
 
v  L  0.1 10te5t  e5t  5te5t  1  5t  e5tV
dt
• The energy stored is

Fall 2021 ME 255 24


Inductors
• Example: The current through a 0.1-H inductor is
𝒊 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐀. Find the voltage across the inductor.

• Answer:
• 𝒗=𝟎
• No voltage is induced across the inductor if the current is
constant

Fall 2021 ME 255 25


Series and Parallel Inductors
• Series inductors

Fall 2021 ME 255 26


Series and Parallel Inductors
• Parallel inductors

Fall 2021 ME 255 27


Example - 1
• The voltage across a 𝟐𝟎𝝁𝑭 capacitor is given by
𝒗𝒄 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟏. 𝟓𝒆−𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 Volt. What is the current
through the capacitor?

Fall 2021 ME 255 28


Example - 1
• The voltage across a 𝟐𝟎𝝁𝑭 capacitor is given by
𝒗𝒄 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟏. 𝟓𝒆−𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 Volt. What is the current
through the capacitor?

Fall 2021 ME 255 29


Example - 2
• An inductor of 2mH has a current 𝒊 𝒕 = 𝟓 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 A.
Find the corresponding voltage and the maximum stored
energy.

Fall 2021 ME 255 30


Example - 2
• An inductor of 2mH has a current 𝒊 𝒕 = 𝟓 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 A.
Find the corresponding voltage and the maximum stored
energy.

Fall 2021 ME 255 31


Example - 3
• Calculate the energy stored in each capacitor in the
figure

Fall 2021 ME 255 32


Example - 3
• Capacitors are open circuit under DC

Current division

Fall 2021 ME 255 33


Example - 3
• Capacitors are open circuit under DC

Fall 2021 ME 255 34

You might also like