Scribd
Upload
4 views37 pages

CH4

The document outlines key concepts in electrical and electronics engineering, focusing on Star Delta and Delta Star conversions, nodal and mesh analysis. It details procedures for analyzing circuits using node voltages and mesh currents, including examples and equations for both methods. The lecture also discusses how to handle circuits with voltage and current sources in nodal and mesh analysis.

Uploaded by

emrehaluk06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views37 pages

CH4

The document outlines key concepts in electrical and electronics engineering, focusing on Star Delta and Delta Star conversions, nodal and mesh analysis. It details procedures for analyzing circuits using node voltages and mesh currents, including examples and equations for both methods. The lecture also discusses how to handle circuits with voltage and current sources in nodal and mesh analysis.

Uploaded by

emrehaluk06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

ME 255

Electrical and Electronics


Engineering Fundamentals
Lecture #4

Dr. Nisa NACAR ÇIKAN


Fall 2021 ME 255 1
Outline
• Star Delta, Delta Star Conversions
• Nodal Analysis
• Mesh Analysis
• Example problems

Fall 2021 ME 255 2


Star Delta Analysis

Star Connection Delta Connection

Fall 2021 ME 255 3


Delta to Star

Rb Rc
R1 
Ra  Rb  Rc

Star to Delta

Fall 2021 ME 255 4


Nodal Analysis
• Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing
circuits using node voltages as the circuit variables.
• We will write equations in which the node voltages are unknowns
• In nodal analysis, we are interested in finding the node
voltages
• Two subtopics:
• Nodal Analysis without Voltage Sources
• Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources

Fall 2021 ME 255 5


Nodal Analysis without Voltage Sources
• Given a circuit with n nodes without voltage sources, the
nodal analysis of the circuit involves taking the following
three steps.
i. Select a node as the reference node (The reference node is
commonly called the ground). Assign voltages to the remaining
nodes. The voltages are referenced with respect to the
reference node.
ii. Apply KCL to each of the non-reference nodes. Use Ohm’s
law to express the branch currents in terms of node voltages.
iii. Solve the resulting equations simultaneously to obtain the
unknown node voltages.

Fall 2021 ME 255 6


Nodal Analysis without Voltage Sources
• Consider the following circuit:

Fall 2021 ME 255 7


Nodal Analysis without Voltage Sources
i. Node 0 is the reference node 𝒗 = 𝟎
while nodes 1 and 2 are assigned
voltages 𝒗𝟏 and 𝒗𝟐 , respectively.

Fall 2021 ME 255 8


Nodal Analysis without Voltage Sources
ii. KCL at node 1: I1  I 2  i1  i2

KCL at node 2: I 2  i2  i3

Fall 2021 ME 255 9


Nodal Analysis without Voltage Sources
ii. KCL at node 1: I1  I 2  i1  i2

KCL at node 2: I 2  i2  i3

iii. Ohm’s Law:


v1  0 v1  v2 v2  0
i1  i2  i3 
R1 R2 R3

Putting the current values found at step (iii)


in the equations at step (ii) will yield an
equation system with two equations and two
unknowns.

Fall 2021 ME 255 10


Nodal Analysis without Voltage Sources
• Example: Obtain the node voltages

Fall 2021 ME 255 11


Example
KCL at node 1: i1  i2  3

KCL at node 2: i2  i3  12

v1  0 v1  v2 v2  0
Ohm’s Law: i1  i2  i3 
2 6 7

Fall 2021 ME 255 12


i1  i2  3
Example i2  i3  12

v 0 v v v2  0
i1  1 i2  1 2 i3 
2 6 7

v1 v1  v2 v1  v2 v2
 3   12 v1  6V
2 6 6 7
4v1  v2  18 7v1  13v2  504 v2  24V

Fall 2021 ME 255 13


Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
• Case 1: If a voltage source is connected between the
reference node and a non-reference node,
• we simply set the voltage at the non-reference node equal to
the voltage of the voltage source.
• Case 2: If the voltage source is connected between two
non-reference nodes,
• the two non-reference nodes form a supernode
• we apply both KCL and KVL to determine the node voltages.

Fall 2021 ME 255 14


Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
• Consider the circuit:

Fall 2021 ME 255 15


Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources

v1  10V (Case 1)
KCL at the supernode:
i1  i4  i2  i3
v1  v2 v1  v3 v2  0 v3  0
  
2 4 8 6

KVL at the supernode:

v2  5  v3  0

Fall 2021 ME 255 16


Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
• Example: Find node voltages

Fall 2021 ME 255 17


Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
KCL at the supernode: 2  i1  i2  7

v1  0 v2  0
2  7 8  2v1  v2  28
2 4
v2  20  2v1

KVL at the supernode: v1  2  v2  0 v2  v1  2

v1  7.333V
v2  5.333V
Fall 2021 ME 255 18
Mesh Analysis
• Mesh analysis provides another general procedure for
analyzing circuits, using mesh currents as the circuit
variables.
• We will write equations in which the mesh currents are unknowns
• Using mesh currents instead of element currents as circuit
variables is convenient and reduces the number of equations
that must be solved simultaneously.
• Recall that a loop is a closed path with no node passed more
than once. A mesh is a loop that does not contain any other
loop within it. Mesh analysis applies KVL to find unknown
currents.
Fall 2021 ME 255 19
Mesh Analysis
• Recall that a loop is a closed path with no node passed
more than once.
• A mesh is a loop that does not contain any other loop
within it.
• Mesh analysis applies KVL to find unknown currents.
• Two subtopics:
• Mesh Analysis without Current Sources
• Mesh Analysis with Current Sources

Fall 2021 ME 255 20


Mesh Analysis without Current Sources
• Given a circuit with n meshes without current sources,
the mesh analysis of the circuit involves taking the
following three steps.
i. Assign mesh currents 𝒊𝟏 , 𝒊𝟐 , … , 𝒊𝒏 to the n meshes
ii. Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Use Ohm’s Law to
express the voltages in terms of the mesh currents
iii. Solve the resulting n equations simultaneously to get the mesh
currents

Fall 2021 ME 255 21


Mesh Analysis without Current Sources
• Consider the circuit

Fall 2021 ME 255 22


Mesh Analysis without Current Sources
• KVL at mesh 1: V1  R1i1  R3  i1  i2   0
 R1  R3  i1  R3i2  V1
• KVL at mesh 2:  R2i2  V2  R3  i2  i1   0
 R3i1   R2  R3  i2  V2

 R1  R3  R3   i1   V1 
     
  R3 R2  R3  i2   V2 

Fall 2021 ME 255 23


Mesh Analysis without Current Sources
• Notice that the branch currents
are different from the mesh
currents unless the mesh is
isolated.
• To distinguish between the two
types of currents, we use i for a
mesh current and I for a branch
current.

I1  i1 I 2  i2 I 3  i1  i2

Fall 2021 ME 255 24


Example
• Find the branch currents using mesh analysis

Fall 2021 ME 255 25


Example
• KVL at mesh 1: 15  5i1  10  i1  i2   10  0
3i1  2i2  1

• KVL at mesh 2: 6i2  4i2  10  i2  i1   10  0


i1  2i2  1

i2  1A i1  1A

I1  i1  1A I 2  i2  1A I 3  i1  i2  0

Fall 2021 ME 255 26


Mesh Analysis with Current Sources
• Case 1: When a current source exists only in one mesh
• we simply set the mesh current equal to the current of the
current source.
• Case 2: When a current source exists between two
meshes
• the union of these meshes form a supermesh
• we apply both KCL and KVL to determine the mesh currents

Fall 2021 ME 255 27


Mesh Analysis with Current Sources
• Example (Case 1)

i2  5 A

Fall 2021 ME 255 28


Mesh Analysis with Current Sources
• Example (Case 2)

20  6i1  10i2  4i2  0

i2  i1  6

Fall 2021 ME 255 29


Example
• Find the current in and voltage across the terminals of
the 2-ohm resistor.

Fall 2021 ME 255 30


Example
• KVL at mesh 1: −𝟐𝟓 + 𝟓𝑰𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝑰𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟑𝑰𝟏 − 𝟑𝑰𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟏𝟖𝑰𝟏 − 𝟑𝑰𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟔𝑰𝟏 − 𝑰𝟐 = 𝟓

• KVL at mesh 2: 𝟑𝑰𝟐 + 𝟐𝑰𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎


𝟑𝑰𝟐 + 𝟐𝑰𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎

𝑰𝟐 = 𝟓𝑨
𝑽𝒂𝒃 = 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎𝑽
Fall 2021 ME 255 31
Example
• Find I using mesh analysis

Fall 2021 ME 255 32


Example
𝟕𝑰𝟏 − 𝑰𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟔𝑰𝟐 − 𝑰𝟏 − 𝟑𝑰𝟑 = 𝟎
𝟏𝟑𝑰𝟑 − 𝟑𝑰𝟐 = −𝟐𝟎
𝑰 = 𝑰𝟑 = −𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 𝑨

Fall 2021 ME 255 33


Example
• Find I using nodal analysis

Fall 2021 ME 255 34


Example
𝟏𝟎 − 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟏 − 𝑽𝟐
− − =𝟎
𝟔 𝟏 𝟐
𝑽𝟏 − 𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎
− − =𝟎
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟎
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟐 𝑽
𝑽𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎
𝑰 = 𝑰𝟑 = = −𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 𝑨
𝟏𝟎

Fall 2021 ME 255 35


Example
• Find I1 and I2

Fall 2021 ME 255 36


Example
V1 V1  V2
• KCL at node 1: 5

10
 10

V2 V2  100 V1  V2
• KCL at node 2: 20

30

10

1300 400
• The solution is V1  V V2  V
27 9

V1  V2 10 V2  100 50
I1    0.37 A I2    1.85 A
10 27 30 27

Fall 2021 ME 255 37

You might also like