LAHORE SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS

Program
MATHEMATICS II
BBA/BSC I Spring Term 2025
Credit Hours 3 (MTH 102)
Duration 18 Weeks

Prerequisites Mathematics I

Class timings

Office & Ext.

Office Hours

E-mail

Teaching -
Assistant

Course: Mathematics II
Lahore School of Economics
BBA/BSC I (January - May) Spring Term 2025

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 SYLLABUS

I. Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions : Exponential functions and their graphs,
logarithmic functions and their graphs, solving logarithmic and exponential equations, properties of
logarithm, change of base, Application of logarithmic and exponential functions: population growth, cost
equation, supply equation, Demand equation, investment, sales, appreciation, Derivatives of Exponential
and Logarithmic Functions, Applications: Marginal analysis, compound interest, depreciation, consumer
expenditure, per capita growth, revenue growth, optimization with exponential and logarithmic functions,
Applications: product reliability, optimal age for reproduction, effect of a toxin, depreciation, stock
speculation

II. Integration: Indefinite integral, Techniques of Integration, Integration by Substitution, Fundamental

Theorem of Integral Calculus, Applications: Marginal cost, profit and revenue, marginal propensity to
consume, depreciation, demand, production, Area between Curves and average value, inventory,
investment, Additional applications to business and economics: future value and present value of an
income flow, the consumer’s demand curve and willingness to spend, consumer’s and producer’s surplus,
Profit

III. Additional Topics in Integration: Integration by parts. Additional applications to business and
economics: Marginal cost, average demand function, consumer’s surplus, present and future value of an
investment, Gini index of Lorentz curve.

IV. Multivariable Calculus: Function of Several Variables, Production function, utility function, isoquants
and indifference curves, amortization of debt, Partial Derivatives, Consumer demand and Marginal
productivity, Optimizing functions of two variables, Maximizing profit function, minimizing cost
function, Constrained optimization: The method of Lagrange Multipliers, Constrained Utility
maximization, cost minimization and profit maximization.

V. Infinite Series and Mathematics of Finance: Infinite Series, geometric progression and series.
Compound interest, effective interest rate, present value, net present value, annuities, present value of
annuity, future value of annuity, sinking funds. The multiplier effect in economics, perpetuities, present
value of perpetuity

Course Description & Objectives

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The students have covered the concept of functions, their graphs and basic derivatives along with
the concept of optimization. This course introduces the concept of exponential and logarithmic
functions, their derivatives and relative maxima and minima. Techniques of Integration are
discussed in detail along with applications related to business, economics and the social sciences.
Students are also taught Partial Derivatives, Multivariate Optimization; Constrained and
Unconstrained Optimization with reference to applications in Economics and Business. This
course also gives an introduction to some concepts in finance like annuities; present value and
future value, amortization of loan.

Teaching Strategy
The lecture will be divided in two parts; the first part is the lecture session followed by a
discussion session. Regular class assignments are given to enhance understanding of the
concepts discussed in class. Students are encouraged to discuss their problems.

Course Learning Objectives

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 The course has been designed to achieve the following objectives: It is expected that at
the end of this course students will be able to:
CLO 1. Understand exponential and logarithmic functions and differentiate them with
applications in economics and business.
CLO 2. Use basic concept and techniques of integration for function of one variable
with applications in economics and finance.
CLO 3. Differentiate and optimize functions of several variables with applications to
economics and finance.
CLO 4. Understand Compound interest with applications to annuity, amortization and
perpetuities.

Program Learning Objectives

PLO 1. To introduce students to main functional areas such as Management,

Marketing, Finance, Accounting, Operations and Strategy.
PLO 2. To make students apply descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytics for
optimizing financial business decisions.
PLO 3. To make students understand the underlying concepts, theories, and techniques
taught during coursework with emphasis on using large finance related datasets for
decision making.
PLO 4. To emphasize the value of working in diverse teams/group settings.
PLO 5. To enable students to be sensitive to issues related to ethics/social
responsibility.

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Indicated below how the course learning objectives specifically relate to any program
learning goals and objectives.

Program Learning Objectives Course Learning Objectives Course Assessment Item

PLO 1. To introduce
students to main functional
areas such as Management,
Marketing, Finance,
Accounting, Operations and
Strategy.

PLO 2. To make students Understand exponential and logarithmic Quizzes, Assignments,

apply descriptive, predictive functions and differentiate them with and Exams
and prescriptive analytics for applications in economics and business.
optimizing financial (CLO 1)
business decisions.
Use basic concept and techniques of
integration for a function of one variable
with applications to economics and
finance. (CLO 2)
Differentiate and optimize functions of
several variables with applications to
economics and finance.(CLO 3)

PLO 3. To make students Understand Compound interest with Quizzes, Assignments

understand the underlying applications to annuity, amortization and and Exam
concepts, theories, and perpetuities. (CLO 4)
techniques taught during
coursework with emphasis
on using large finance
related datasets for decision
making.

PLO 4. To emphasize the

value of working in diverse
teams/group settings.

PLO 5. To enable
students to be sensitive to
issues related to ethics/social
responsibility.

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Recommended Text Books

Core Reading List:

1. Laurence D. Hoffman and Gerald Bradley, Applied Calculus for Business, Economics
and the Social and Life Sciences, McGraw Hill, 2013, 11h Edition.

Reference Book

1. Ernest F. Haussler, Jr & Richard S. Paul, Introductory Mathematical Analysis for

Business, Economics and the Social and Life Sciences, Mc GrawHill, 2018, 14th Edition.

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Pedagogy

The course is heavily based on lectures followed by problem sets and will be supplemented by
in class assignments.

Examinations

There will be two examinations for this course. The exams will consist of problems and theory
questions based on assignments, class lectures, and problem sets. Make-up exam will not be
given except for emergencies. The make-up exam will only be administered if the request is
approved by Lahore School administration.

Policy on Plagiarism/Cheating

The plagiarism in group project/presentation or cheating during exam will result in an F Grade.
The students must note that plagiarism include the submission/presentation of a report/article that
has been previously used for another course (even by the same author) or using the graded
material of this course for some other course.

Lahore School of Economics Plagiarism Policy:

Lahore School adheres strictly to HEC plagiarism policy available on the HEC website and
Lahore School handbook on plagiarism policy. The policy can be found at:
http://hec.gov.pk/english/services/faculty/Documents/Plagiarism/Plagiarism%20Policy.pdf

Student Portal:
All lecture slides and assignments will be uploaded on the student portal
student.lahoreschool.edu.pk

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 Examinations:
There will be two examinations. Mid-term exam (30%) in the middle of the semester
and a final exam (35%) at the end of the semester. All topics will be included in final exam.

Quizzes:
There will be at least 4 quizzes throughout the semester. CELL PHONES MAY NOT
BE USED AS CALCULATORS. All students must take their quiz with their own section and
will not be allowed to take any quiz with other sections.

Assignments:
Assignments will be shared during the discussion session. Students are encouraged to
complete the assignments individually in class. Late submissions will not be accepted.

Attendance Policy:
Students are required to attend the entire session.

Assessment Criteria
The following will be the assessment criteria for the course

Final Exam 35%

Mid Term 30%
Quizzes 15%
Assignments 15%
Class Participation & Attendance 5%

Core Requirements

1. Calculator: (No Exceptions) CELL PHONES MAY NOT BE USED AS CALCULATORS.

2. The students are expected to solve the assigned problem sets during class.

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 Calendar of Activities 2025

TOPIC Suggested Readings Discussion Section

1 Exponential functions and their graphs Section 4.1 Assignment 4.1
2 Logarithmic functions and their graphs Section 4.2 Assignment 4.2
3 Solving Exponential equations, Applications Section 4.2 Assignment 4.2
4 Solving Logarithmic equations, Applications Section 4.2 Assignment 4.2
5 Differentiation of Exponential and Logarithmic Section 4.3 Assignment 4.3
Functions
6 Logarithmic Differentiation, Optimization with Section 4.3, 4.4 Quiz
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions.
Exponential Models from business and
economics.
7 The Indefinite Integral Section 5.1 Assignment 5.1
8 Integration by Substitution Section 5.2 Assignment 5.2
9 Integration by Substitution, Applications Section 5.2 Assignment 5.2
10 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Section 5.3 Quiz
11 Marginal cost, profit and revenue, marginal Section 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 Assignment 5.1,5.2,5.3
propensity to consume, depreciation, demand,
production
12 Area between curves and Average Value, Section 5.4 Assignment 5.4
inventory, investment
13 Area between curves, inventory, investment Section 5.4 Assignment 5.4
14 Review Session Quiz
15 Mid Term Exam
16 Additional applications to business and Section 5.5 Assignment 5.5
economics
17 Integration by Parts Section 6.1 Assignment 6.1
18 Differential Equations Section 5.1, 5.2 ,6.1 Assignment
19 Functions of Several Variables, Partial Section 7.1,7.2 Assignment 7.1,7.2
Derivatives: Production function, utility
function, isoquants and indifference curves,
Consumer demand and Marginal productivity
20 Production function, utility function, isoquants Section 7.2 Assignment 7.2
and indifference curves, Consumer demand
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 and Marginal productivity , Amortization of
debt
21 Optimizing functions of two variables Section 7.3 Assignment 7.3
22 Economics applications: Maximizing profit Section 7.3 Assignment 7.3
function, minimizing cost function
23 Constrained Optimization; Lagrange Multiplier Section 7.5 Assignment 7.5
Method;
24 Constrained Utility maximization, cost Section 7.5 Assignment 7.5
minimization and profit maximization
25 Infinite Series; geometric Series, Compound *Section 5.1 Quiz
interest, effective interest rate;
26 Present value, future value, Continuous Assignment 5.1,5.2,5.3
Compounding.
*Section 5.2,5.3
27 Annuities: future value of annuity, sinking *Section 5.4 Assignment 5.4
fund
28 The multiplier effect in economics, *Section 5.6 Assignment 5.6
perpetuities, present value of perpetuity
29 Review Session Quiz
30 Final Exam
* Recommended Book for Lectures 25 to 29 [1] Ernest F. Haussler, Jr & Richard S. Paul, Introductory
Mathematical Analysis for Business, Economics and the Social and Life Sciences, Mc GrawHill, 2018, 14th
Edition

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