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ARC 335 – Working Drawings (2)

Research

Course Coordinator/Instructors
Dr. Sherif Nasry
Dr. Ashraf Nessim
Dr. Hiatham Abdel Salam
Dr. Moataz Abdel Fattah

Ain Shams University

Faculty of Engineering
International Credit Hour Programs (ICHEP)
Environmental Architecture and Urbanism
Spring Semester – 2020

SPRING SEMESTER - YEAR 2019/2020

 AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY STUDENT SUBMISSION, SPRING 2020
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

Student Personal Information

Student Name: Sara Alaa Moahmmed, Alaa eldin Hesham, Nadeen Magdy
E-mail address: [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected]
Student ID: 16p9055, 16p9022, 16p9046

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I certify that this assignment / report is my own work, based on my personal study and/or research and that I have
acknowledged all material and sources used in its preparation, whether they are books, articles, reports, lecture notes, and
any other kind of document, electronic or personal communication. I also certify that this assignment / report has not been
previously been submitted for assessment for another course. I certify that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise
plagiarized the work of other students and / or persons.

Signature/Student Name: Sara Alaa, Alaa Eldin hesham, Nadeen Magdy Date: 14/6/2020

Submission Contents (are to be defined according to each course requirements)

01: First Section Title
02: Second Section Title
03: Third Section Title
04: Fourth Section Title
05: Fifth Section Title

2
AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY STUDENT SUBMISSION, SPRING 2020
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

01 Storm Water Drainage system

First Topic

2
 Abstract

Storm water is any precipitation that falls from the sky; In natural landscape, storm water is
absorbed by the ground but in impervious surfaces such as rooftops, roads, parking lots these
surfaces does not absorb water so water gathers on the surface becoming an obstruction and may
cause damage to the surface. Therefore, there are specific storm water drainage systems that are
installed to get rid of this water or may also be collected and redirected to be used later in other
purposes such as in the irrigation of landscape, cleaning and washing surfaces, and also may be
treated with simple sand filtration for reusing in cooling towers and many other ways. This research
discusses the storm water drainage different systems used in buildings or in roads or in landscape
and how to install them and different requirements of each.
 Storm water drainage systems

Generally, Storm water drainage systems have several benefits such as;

• Reduces risk of flooding in areas that are too much exposed to flooding
• This redirected water can be collected for other uses
• In landscape, it prevents water flow damaging the plants
• Prevents damage to infrastructure
• Preserves the property

The main components mainly used in storm water drainage systems are; gutters, pipes,
channels, culverts ‘structure that allows water to flow under a road”, manholes, pumping
station that includes pumps and equipment to pump fluids from one place to another and inlets
and other components that will be discussed lately in each system.

Storm water drainage systems in apartments;

Combined sewer system; is where domestic sewage and rainwater are collected in the same pipe
and are directed to the sewer system or treatment plant. But during periods of heavy rain the
volume of water exceeds the capacity and causes overflow and damage of pipes. Therefore,
combined sewer systems are not recommended and may only be installed in dry areas with little
rain flow and instead separate sewer systems are used as shown in figure (1).

On roof tops; there are two types of roofs; on slopes roofs rain water can be collected in gutters
and carried to the ground level by downspouts or downpipes as shown in figure (2), Gutters system
consists of two parts; first, the gutter channel that run horizontally along the roof and its slope
towards the downspout should be approximately 1 inch for every 25 feet, slope less than this may
not allow the water to move into the pipe and slope bigger than this may cause water overflow.
The gutter channel sizes are 4, 5, and 6-inch sizes. The second part is the downspout, it is the pipe
that carries the water to the ground level, or it can be also used to carry water to lower level roof
and then to the ground as shown in figure (3); this water should be directed away from the
foundations of the building to prevent damaging them.
Figure (4) shows the required components of the gutters installation process, and to install rain
gutters;

Step 1: snap layout lines, mark the highest point and the lowest point to the downspout and ensure
the slope.

Step 2: attach the brackets, typically spaced 16 inches from center.

Step 3: saw the gutter to the required length, if requires two sections of gutter, overlap them by 8
inches and use 3/8-inch-long, self-tapping, stainless steel screws or pop rivets.

Step 4: attach spherical end cap to the square-cut end of the gutter.

Step 5: cut downspout holes and connect downspout to the gutter

On flat roofs, there are three types of drainage systems; scupper drains, gutter mounted at low end
of roof and internal drainage system, as shown in figure (5).

The scupper drain; Scuppers are used for roofs with a horizontal drainage system in vertical walls,
a scupper is a detail that provides drainage to a roof system by allowing the water carried from the
rooftop to leave the rooftop through a metal edge, parapet divider or through the deck into a
downspout; as shown in figure (6), Scupper drains are not recommended to provide drainage when
they cannot be drained to the outside of the building. During installation Rooftop Ground should
be inclined towards the opening in the wall in both sides, fixed as shown in figure (7). And figure
(8) illustrates the dimensions of the scupper.

The Roof drain; is a method of draining of roof, where the water runs off the roof through the
rooftop channel into funneling that goes through the structure as shown in figure (9); Roof drains
are also installed in such a way that stop water from leaking out of the drain in the event that there
is an obstruct somewhere in the drain line. The channel that carries water to the drain should be
inclined towards the drain point of gathering, either by two way tapered or four way tapered system
as shown in figure (10). And figure (11) illustrates the dimensions of the drain. Steps to calculate
amount of drains needed:

Step 1; calculate the total roof area

Step 2; determine pipe size according to standard sizes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 in; and slope
Step 3; find rainfall rate

Step 4; Find the area handled by one drain according to table 1

Step 5; calculate the drains needed by dividing roof’s total square footage by the total square
footage handled by one drain.

The rain gutter; is a component of a water discharge system for a building. It is necessary to stop
water runoff, to prevent it damaging the walls. The roof ground should incline towards the side of
the gutter or the channel that collects the water toward the gutter, as shown in figure (12).

All water drained should be directed away from the foundations, to prevent damaging it; Perforated
drainpipes that run in gravel-filled trench are used to provide the path of water away from the
house. This pipe should be at least a minimum slope of ½ inch per foot. Or a splash block is used,
where it is a rectangular concrete or plastic channel that carries water from the downspout away
from the home’s foundations, it can be diverted to gardens or to carry water away from garden.
splash blocks come in different shapes and sizes, a narrow one can be used to move water in a
straight line away or a wide one can be used to disperse the water. They are installed directly under
the downspout, they should be adjusted in an angle, this angle is a slope of 6 inches in 10 feet, and
then arrange the soil around.

The storm water that is carried away from the building can be filtered underground as shown in
figure (13) using a gravel medium and are stored to reuse. Or drained to soakaway; Soakaway is a
hole in the ground that is filled with rubber, it is designed to drain and excess water, and gradually
allows the water to seek into the ground away from the foundations at least 5 meters away, as
shown in figure (14); figure (15) shows the cross section of the soakaway.

All storm water drainage pipes should have an opening for maintenance, this opening is beside the
downspout, so that it can be regularly opened.
 Storm water drainage systems in landscape;

There is specific information needed before designing storm water drainage system in landscape,
these include;

o Hydrological data; storm water intensity and duration

o Topographical data; point of collection; boundaries
o Soil data

Catch basins are used in landscape to drain storm water, but soil must be checked to have a
permeation rate ≥ 15 mm/h; catch basins must not be executed in zones where the occasional
high groundwater level is inside 1 meter of the base of the penetration channel. The depth to
bedrock ought to be to be less than or equivalent to 1-meter underneath, as shown in figure (16).

Catch basins are important in landscape, although available water will eventually seep into the
ground around it, but if that process is too slow, you can have ponds of water that support
mosquito growth, and may cause flooding and damaging of grass and plants.

Storm water drainage systems in Road;

Pervious catch basins are inlets used in roads to drain storm water, they are large drains placed
on the side of road to catch surface runoff water, it consists of surface drain and underneath box
that is connected to the underground drainage system that leads to the storm sewers. the size and
number of catch basins should be calculated as well as the size of the pipe. Catch basins should
be installed on a compact, solid surface, and that they are leveled so that the water flows into
them, this can be by slopping the road slightly towards the basin, as shown in figure (17).

Catch basins are easy and quick to install and are available in many sizes according to area it will
cover.
 Appendix

Figure (1)
Figure (2)

Figure (4)
Figure (3)

Figure (5) Figure (6)

 Figure (7)

Figure (8) Figure (9)

Figure (10) Figure (11)

Figure (12) Figure (13)

Figure (14) Figure (15)

Figure (16) Figure (17)

 Hourly Rainfall (in.)
Leader /
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pipe Size
(in.) Total Sq. Ft. Covered Per Drain
2 2,880 1,920 1,440 1,150 960 720 575 480 410 360
3 8,800 5,860 4,400 3,520 2,930 2,200 1,760 1,470 1,260 1,100
4 18,400 12,700 9,200 7,360 6,130 4,600 3,680 3,070 2,630 2,300
5 34,600 23,050 17,300 13,840 11,530 8,650 6,920 5,765 4,945 4,325
6 54,000 36,000 27,000 21,600 18,000 13,500 10,800 9,000 7,715 6,750
8 116,000 77,400 58,000 46,400 38,660 29,000 23,200 19,315 16,570 14,500
Table (1)

References

https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/plumbing16.pdf\

https://www.bestmaterials.com/PDF_Files/DRAIN-SIZING.pdf

https://www.ontario.ca/document/stormwater-management-planning-and-design-
manual/stormwater-management-plan-and-swmp-design

https://www.jurinroofing.com/roof-scupper-vs-roof-drain/

https://www.dot.state.mn.us/bridge/pdf/hydraulics/drainagemanual/chapter%208.pdf

https://www.ajfoss.com/products/wastewater/catch-basins-manholes/