Roli N0.

2 O o 22|o45
B.Tech. VISemester Examination 2024
Machine learning (TAI-361)
CSE(AIML)
Time: 3 hrs. M.M.: 100

1. Answer the following questions. (Very short answers) (5 X 2= 10Marks)

a) State the difference between precision and recall. |CO1|
b) Differentiate between Variance and Covariance. [CO1]
c) Define the term entropy. |CO1]
d) Discuss on bias variance tradeoff. |CO1]
e) Differentiate between hard voting and soft voting. |CO1]

2. Answer the following questions. (Short answers) (5 X 3= 15 Marks)

a) Discuss thevarious challenges in Machine learning. [CO1]
b) State any three evaluationmetric applied for classification or regression. |CO2j
c) State the difference between Regression and Classification. |CO1]
d) Discuss the various loss functions in Machine Learning. |CO2]
e) Discuss on true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative. |Co1]

3. Part (a) is compulsory and attenmpt any one part from part (b) and part (c).
a) Discuss on machine learning development life cycle. |CO1, CO2](5Marks)
b) Explain the various types of Machine Learning techniques. Find the maximally specific hypothesis
for the table given below. |CO3|(10 Marks)

Example Sky AirTemp Humidity Wind Water Forecast EnjoySport

Warm Normal Strong |Warm Same Yes
1 Sunny
Warm Same Yes
2 Sunny Warm |High Strong
Warm Change No
3Rainy Cold |High Strong
Warm High Strong Cool Change |Yes
4 Sunny
Fig. 1
OR
the table given below to find the most specific and
c) Apply candidate elimination algorithm on |CO3|(10 Marks)
generic boundaries.
Head Fcolor Hair Smile
S. No Eyes Nose
Purple Yes Yes
Round Triangle Round
1 No
Green Yes
2 Square Square Square
Yellow Yes Yes
Triangle Round
3 Square Round Green No No
Round Triangle Yes Yes
Square Round Yellow
5 Square
Fig. 2
part (c).
attempt any one part from part (b) and perceptron. |CO2|(5 marks)
4. Part (a) is conpulsory and functions applied for Multilayer
a) Discuss the various activation
P.T.O
 b) Explain the working of Multilayer perceptron in detail while focusing on feed forward and
backpropagation algorithm. [CO3](10 Marks)
OR
c) Brielly explain the curse of dimensionality. Discuss the various dimensionality reduction
techniques. Explain simple linear regression, howit is different from multiple linear regresSion?
[CO3|(10 Marks)
S. Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b)
and part (c).
a) DiscuSs the steps for identifving the decision tree for the dataset with numerical
values.
[CO3](5 Marks)
b) Consider the dataset given below, Construct the entire decision tree by calculation the Entropy and
Information gain for each feature. Show the necessary steps. [CO3, CO5](10 Marks)
Predictors Target
outlook temp |humidity wind play
Sunny Hot High Weak No
|Sunny Hot High |Strong No
Overcast Hot High Weak Yes
Rain Mild High Weak Yes
Rain Cool Normal Weak Yes
Rain Cool Normal |Strong No
Overcast Cool Normal |Strong Yes
Sunny Mild High Weak No
Sunny Cool |Normal Weak Yes
Rain Mild Normal Weak Yes
Sunny Mild Normal |Strong Yes,
tOvercast Mild |High Strong Yes
LOvercast Hot Normal |Weak Yes
Rain Mild High Strong No

Fig. 3
OR

c) Ensemble learning enhances accuracy and resilience in forecasting. Discuss it. Also, discuss the
various types of Ensemble learning. [CO1, CO3](10 Marks)

6. Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) and part (c).
a) Discuss on principal component analysis. Why it is called an unsupervised machine learning
algorithm? |CO1, C03](5 Marks)
Discuss all the steps for
b) Explain Linear Discriminant Analysis. How it is different from PCA?
features xl andx2 and two
obtaining Linear discriminants for thc dataset given below with two
classes wl and w2 in target variable.
Class wl ’ DI(xl,x2)= {(4,2), (2,4), (2,3), (3,6), (4,4)}
Class w2 ’ D2(x l,x2)= {(9,10), (6,8), (9,5), (8,7), (10,8)} |CO3, C05](10 Marks)
OR
give the flowchart of genetic algorithm. Illustrate the fitness evaluation with fitness
c) Explain and knapsack problem. Discuss the various Fitness
function for the travelling salesman and 0-1 |CO3|(10 Marks)
Proportionate Selection methods.
P.T.0
7. Part (a) is compulsory and
attempt any one
a) Discuss on Markov Chain Monte Carlopart irom part (b) and part (c). |CO3J(5 Marks)
method.
b) Consider the example given in Fig.3(Q.5 b) showing the values of the atmospheric condition.
Apply the Bayes theoremto calculate the conditional probabilities for the problems given below:
(1) Outlook=sunny, Temp=hot, humidity-high, windy-weak. The students will play or
(11) Outlook=overcast, Temp=cool, humidity=normal, windy= weak. The students will
play o
(i)Outlook=Rainy, Temp=mild, humidity=high, wind=strong. The students will play or n0L
(iv)Outlook=sunny, Temp=cool, humidity=normal, wind=strong. The students will play or no
|CO3, COS](10 Marks)
OR
c) Write short notes on: [CO3|(10 Marks)
(i) K-Nearest Neighbour
(ii) Support vector machine
(iii) K-means algorithm

****
 Roll No. 2 0 4 0 0 2 20 45
B.Tech VISemester Examination June 2024
Java Programming (TAI-363)
Branch: CSEAML
M. M.:100
Time: Three hrs

1. Answer the following question (5X2=10Marks)

a) What are objects? Howthey are created?
b) What are the rules that determine when a context switch takes place from one running thread
to the next?
c) How does String class difer from StringBufler class?
d) Differentiate between AWT and Swing.
e) What do you mean by servlets?

2 Answer the following questions (5X3=15 Marks)

a) How multiple inheritance is possible in java? Explain.
b) Explain multithreading and its need in java?
c) What is the difference between = = and .equals()? Explain with example.
d) What do you mean by delegation event model? Explain.
e) What do you mean by RMI? Explain.

3. Question 3(a) is compulsory and attempt any 1from 3(b) or 3(c)

a) What is polymorphism in java? How polymorphism is achieved at compile
time and run time? Explain with the help of an example. (5 Marks)
b) What is the difference between errors and exceptions? Explain the different
types of exceptions with examples. Write a program in java containing
functions that demonstrates the use of throw keyword, multiple catch
statements, chained exceptions, and restricting the type of exceptions allowed
to be thrown. (10 Marks)

OR
c) What is the need of packages in java? Explain access protection (including all
a
the categories of visibility for class members) in java with the help of (10 Marks)
program.

4 Question 4(a) is compulsory and attempt any 1 from 4(b) or 4(c)

Write a program to
a) How do you choose an approach to create athread in java?
(5 Marks)
create multiple threads using any one approach.
only oae thread at a
b) How do youensure that the shared resource will be used by
with the help of a
time? Explain the various ways to achieve it in your code
 java program. (10 Marks)
OR

c) What is producer consumer problem? Explain how it is resolved with the help (10 Marks)
of a java program. Explain the role of wait(), notify() and notifyAll(0.

5 Question 5(a)is compulsory and attempt any Ifrom 5(b)or S(c)

a) How do you modify a string using substring)? Write a java program to sort an
array of strings lexicographically. (5 Marks)
b) What do you mean by streams? What are the types of streams defined by java?
(10 Marks)
Explain how do you read console input with the help of a java program.
OR
c) What is the recommended method of writing to the console for real-world
programs in java? Write a java program to copy the content of one file into
another file. (10 Marks)

Question 6(a) is compulsory and attempt any 1 from 6(b) or 6(c)

a) What is an Applet? Describe the lifecycle of java Applet. Explain the ways to
(5 Marks)
execute an Applet.
b) What do you mean by adapter classes? Create a windowed programn for
(10 Marks)
handling mouse events, buttons and checkboxes.
OR

c) What is the role of layout manager? Can you position the components
in
manually? If yes, how? What are the different layout managers available
(10 Marks)
java? Explain CardLayout with the help of a program.
7(b) or 7(c)
7 Question 7(a) is compulsory and attempt any 1 from
a) What do you mean by JDBC? What is
the need of JDBC drivers? Explain the
(5 Marks)
four types of JDBC drivers.
Write a java application to create a
b) What are the steps involved in JDBC?
students in a table. Perform the
student database and store the details of the
operations using JDBC
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
(10 Marks)
connectivity.
OR
How servlets handle HTTP requests and
c) Explain the lifecycle of a servlet? (10 Marks)
program.
HTTP responses. Explain with the help of a
 Roll no.
2104 0 022 045
B.Tech. VISemester Examination June 2024
NaturalLanguage Processing (EAl-321)
Branch: CSE (AIML)
M.M.: 100
Time: Three hrs.

(5 X 2 = 10 Marks)
1. Answer the following questions. (Very short answer)

a) What is Natural Language Processing? Discuss with some applications.

b) What do you understand by language modelling.
c) Differentiate between open class and closed class of words.
d) Generate the parse tree for the sentence "A restaurant servesdosa."
e What is meant by the semantics of anatural language. and how this differs from the pragmatics?

(5 X 3 = 15 Marks)
2 Answer the following questions. (short answer)
a) What do you mean by ambiguity in Natural language? Explain with suitable example.
b) Explain smoothing in NLP and its importance in addressing zero probabilities in language models.
c) Why POS tagging is hard? Discuss possible challenges faced while performing POS tagging.
d) Explain Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar (PCFG) in NLP.
e) Write a note on "Word Net",

Allquestions from UNIT-I Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part
(b) or part (c)
3.
(5 Marks)
a) What are the stages in NLP? Discuss functions of each stage.
learning approaches. focusing on
b) Define an NLP pipeline and compare classic NLP methods with deep (10 Marks)
their architectures and methodologies.
OR
two applications in detail. Explain basic and advance
c) List various applications of NLP and discuss any removal. POS tagging. (10 Marks)
pre-processing operation/steps in NLP: Tokenization, Stop word

any one part from part (b) or part (c)

4. All questions from UNIT-IIPart (a) is compulsory and attempt
models and provide an example for each
a Discuss different types of evaluation metlhods for language (5 Marks)
metho.
and consider the following training data: (10 Marks)
b) Explain the concept of n-gram model
<S> Iam Samn </S>
<S> Sam Iamn</S>
<S> Iam Sam </S>
and Sam</S>
<S> I do Not Like green vegetables
smoothing. what is P(Sam am)? Include <S> and </S> in
Using a bigram language model with add-one (10 Marks)
your counts just like any other token.
OR
and
sequence-to-sequence models in NLP, including RNN, LSTM, BiLSTM
c) Describe the architecture of (10 Marks)
GRU. alongside their statistical foundations.

attempt any one part froni part (b) or part (c)

5. All questions from UNIT-I| Part (a) is compulsory and
tays tor sentence Corona is occupving whole
a) Discuss POS tagg1ng in detail. Find out different POS (5 Marks)
world." Use Penn Tree bank tagging.
 b) What is a lagger in NLP. and classify the tagger discussing rule-based, Transformation-Based Learning
(TBL). generative. and discrininative methods with a suitable example? (Note: Use the Penn Treebank
tag set ). (10 Marks)

OR

c) Explain in detail Stochastic (HIMM) POS tagging and Using HMM POS tagging, tag the following
sentence based on the yiven corpus: Sentence to be tayged: The Park is a book".
Corpus: (10 Marks)
<s> Book acar</s>
<S> Park the car</s>
<s> The book is in the car</s>
<S>The car is in apark</s>

6. Allquestions from UNTT-IV Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) or part (c)
a) Compare Top-down &Bottom-up approach of parsing with suitable example. (5 Marks)
b) Using the CKY algorithm tind the possible parse tree for the following statement:" A pilot likes flying
planes using the following rules: (10 Marks)

S->NP VP DT->a
VP->VBG NNS NN->pilot
VP->VBZ VP VBZ->likes
NP->DT NN VBG->f1y ing
NP->JJ NNS JJ->lying
NNS->planes
OR
PCrG:
c) Tind the probabil.ty of the siitence. 'astronomers s£w stais with ears"ISiIg the given
(10 Marks)
S->NP VP 1.0 NP->astronomers 0. 1
VP->V NP 0.7 NP->ears 0.18
VP->VP PP 0.3 NP->saw 0.04
PP->P NP 1.0 NP->stars 0.18
NP->telescope 0.1
P->with 1.0
V->saw 1.0
NP->NP PP 0.4

(b) or part (c)

7. All questions trom UNIT-V Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part
analysis difficult? (5 Marks)
a) What is senantic analysis. and why is semantic
(10 Marks)
b) Write short notes on:

i. Word Vectorization
i. Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) and its architecture.
iii. Word Net
iv. Singular value decomposition (SVD).
V Latent semantic indexing (LS).
OR

doCument text summarization with neat diagram. (10 Marks)

e) Explain tex Summarization and multiple
 Roll No
B.Tech. VI Semester Examination June 2024
Data Science (TAI-362)
Branch:Artificial Intelligence &Machine Learning
Time: Three hrs. M.M.: 100

1. Answer the following Questions (Very short answers) (5 X 2 = 10Marks)

a) What are help files and function documentation in R?

b) Create a identity matrix name idy_ mat.
c) What are logical values in R?
d) What are levels in factors?
e) Which parameter is used to add title and labels to the plot?
(5 X 3= 15 Marks)
2. Answer the following Questions (Short answers)
a) Using R, calculate the square root of half of theaverage of the numbers 25, 15, 16, 15, and 18?
b) Define a 3X3matrix and showhow to subset and replace elements in it.
c) How doyou perform string matching in R? xplain with an example.
d) Explain Escape sequence in R, provide an example.
e) Provide three graphical parameters commonly used in the plot function.
3. Allquestion from UNIT-I part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) or part (c)
(05 Marks)
a) Explain vector-oriented behavior demonstrate using an example. (10 Marks)
intervals of 3.
b) Create a vector sequence named my vec containing ten elements with
result as repeated vec.
Then, repeat my vectwice, with each element repeated 2 times, and store the
and store them ina new
Display repeated vec. Finally, extract the first and last elements of repeated vec
object named final_object.
OR
position and logical values. Additionally,
c) Explain the various methods of subsetting in R, including by and solve a example that combines
demonstrate how to delete elements from a vector using subsetting,
(10 Marks)
these techniques. Include an explanation for cach step.
attempt any one part from part (b) or part (c)
4. Allquestion from UNIT-IIpart (a) is compulsory and
Detailing the significance of each parameter of matrix function, including data, nrow, ncol, byrow and
a) direction (row-wise vs. column-wise) when
dimnames. Additionally, describe the concept of filling (05 Marks)
defining a matrix in R. operations on it. Provide examples to explain each
various matrix
b) Define a matrix in R and demonstrate (10 Marks)
operation including:
Transposing the matrix
Scalar multiplication on the matrix
Adding and subtracting matrices
Multiplying matrices together
OR
row of the
multidimensional arrays in R. Create a 3x4xZ array named my array, and subset the 2nd
c) Explain (10 Marks)
2nd layer of my_array.
5. Allquestion from UNIT-IIl part (a) is compulsory and atempt any one part from part (b) or part (c).
a) Explain the process of combining and cutting factors Provide an example of each. (05 Marks)
b) Describe the logical operators in R. Illustrate this by etorino the vector c (7, 1, 7, 10, 5, 9, 10, 3, 10, 8) as
my_vec. ldentify a logical vector by checking elements that are greater than or equal to 5 or less than 10.
Then, extract the elements using the logical vector and store them in new objects. (10 Marks)
OR
c) The NewZealand government consists of the political narties National, Labour, Greens, and Maori, with
severalsmaller parties labeled as Other. Suppose vou asked 20 New Zealanders which of these they
identifiedmost with and obtained the following data: (10 Marks)
Datal-There were 12 males and 8 females; the individuals numbered I, 5-7, 12, and 14-16 were females.
Data2-The individuals numbered 1, 4, 12, 15, 16, and )9 jdentified with Labour; no one identified with
Maori; the individuals numbered 6,9, and ll identified with Greens; 10 and 20 identified with Other; and
the rest identified with National.

Use your knowledge of vectors (for example, subseting and overwriting) to create two character
vectors: Gender with entries "M" (male) and "E" (female) and party with entries "National",
"Labour", "Greens", "Maori'", and "Other". Make sure the entries are placed in the correct
positions as outlined earlier.
º Create two different factor vectors based on gender and party with defined levels.
6. Allquestion from UNIT-IV part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) or part (c).
a) What are lists in R, and how do they differ from vectors? How can you access components of alist using
index value and naming? Demonstrate with the help of an example. (05 Marks)
b) What are dataframes, construct a dataframe and demonstrate the following operations using example:
(10 Marks)
Extracting values, Adding new Data column, combining dataframes, and logical record subsetting.
OR

c) Create a list named as my list with the factor vector Component named "facs"; a numeric vector
c(3.2.1.3.3.4.1.5.4.9) as a component named "nums ; and a nested list comprised of the first three members
"oldlist".
of my_ list component named (10 Marks)
Perform the following tasks:
Extract the elements of "nums" that are greater than or equal to 3.
Add a new member to the list named "flags". This member should be a logical vector, obtained by
condition correspond to elements of "nums" that are greater than or equal to 3.
7. Allquestion from UNIT-V part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) or part (c).
a) Explainwhat is plotting and importance of plotting in data science. (05 Marks)
b) Explain the differences between the plot) and qplot) functions in R, highlighting their respective features.
Provide comprehensive examples for each function that showcase their unique functionalities. (10 Marks)
OR
c) Thoroughly explain the ggplot2 package in R, including the steps for installation and the concept of layers
with geoms. (10 Marks)

2
 2 o 4 o|02 2o 45
Roll No.
B.Tech VISemester Examination June 2024
DataMining and Predictive Modelling (EAI-333)
Branch: CSE AIML
Time: 3hrs
M. M:1 00

(5X2=10 Marks)
1. Answer the following question

a. Discuss whether or not each of the following activities is adata mining task:
i. Dividing customer of a company according to their profitability.
ii. Monitoring heart rate of a patient for abnormalities.
b. Are Outliers always Noise object? Why or why not?
rainfall or
C. Which of the following quantities is likely to show more temporal auto correlation: daily
daily temperature? Why?
d. Explain Silhouette Coefficient.
e. State the Apriori property of a set.
(5X3=15 Marks)
2 Answer the following questions
What isa data cube? What are base cuboid and apex cuboid?
b. Describe the steps involved in data mining when viewed as a process of knowledge discovery.
DBSCAN algorithm?
C. Explain core points, border points and noise points with respect to
d. Explain k-mean algorithm. rate) for a
misclassification rate (error
What is a confusion matrix? How to compute accuracy and
classifier?

3(c)
3 Question 3(a) is compulsory and attempt any 1 from 3(b)or
Differentiate between OLTP and OLAP.
(5 Marks)
Constellations with suitable example.
b. Explain Star, Snowflakes and Fast (10 Marks)
OR
C Write short note on:
Slice and Dice iv. Pivot
i. Concept Hierarchies ii. Roll- up iii. (10 Marks)
or 4(c)
4. Question 4(a) is compulsory and attempt any 1from 4(b)
attributes are a common (5 Marks)
a. In real-world data, tuples with missing values for some
this problem.
occurrence.Describe various methods for handling

random sample be used? When (10 Marks)

b. What is sampling? In what situations should a simple How does it
should stratified sampling be used? Why is the size of sample important?
affects the result?
OR

objects described by the

c. Brieflv outline how to compute the dissimilarity between (10Marks)
following:
 i. Nominal attribute
ii. Asymmetric binary attributes
iii. Numeric attributes
iv. Term-frequency vectors

5 Question 5(a) is compulsory and attempt any 1 from 5(b) or 5(c)

a. Explain the following terms:
i. Frequent itemsets ii. Support ii. Confidence iv. Association Rules (5 Marks)

b. Consider the 6 transactions given below. If minimum support is 40% and minimum
confidence is 60% then
Determine the frequent itemsets using Apriori algorithm.
11 List all closed and maximal frequent item sets. (10Marks)
Determine the strong association rules.
Transaction Items
TI Bread, Jam, Milk, Butter
T2 Bread, Milk, Butter, Ketchup
T3 Jam, Milk, Ketchup
T4 Bread, Jam, Milk, Butter
TS Jam, Milk
T6 Jam, Milk, Butter
OR

c. Explain the Apriori algorithm. Consider the following set of frequent 3-itemsets: (10 Marks)
(1,2, 3}. (, 2, 4}, {1, 2, 5}, (1, 3, 4}. (1, 3, 5}, (2, 3, 4}, (2, 3, 5}. {3,4, 5}.
Assume that there are only five items in the data set.
i. List all candidate 4-itemsets obtained by a candidate generation procedure using
the Fk- XFmerging strategy.
ii. List all candidate 4-itemsets that survive the candidate pruning step of the Apriori
algorithm.

6 Question 6(a) is compulsory and attempt any 1 from 6(b) or 6(c)

What is model overfitting and model underfitting? What are the reasons for model (5 Marks)
overfitting?
b. Why is Naive Bayesian classification called 'naive'? Briefly outline major ideas of (10 Marks)
naive Bayesian classification.
OR
(10 Marks)
c. The following table summarizes adata set with three attributes A, B, C and
two class labels t,
 Number of Instances
A C +

5
F T 20
T T 20

T T: F 0
T F 25

0 25

i. According to the classification error rate, which attribute would be chosen as the
first splitting attribute? For each attribute, show the contingency table and the gains
in classification error rate. Build a two-level decision tree.
ii. How many instances are misclassified by the resulting decision tree?

7. Question 7(a) is compulsory and attempt any 1 from 7(b) or 7(c)

(5 Marks)
a. Explain graph view and prototype view of cohesion and separation.
a cluster.
b. Explain entropy, purity, precision and recall that are used for validating
For the confusion matrix given below:
i. Compute entropy and purity (10 Marks)
ii. Compute recall and precision for cluster #1 for the sports class.
National Sports Total
Cluster Entertainment Financial Foreign Metro

#1 1 1
- 0 11 676 693
#2 27 89 333 827 253 33 1562
#3 326 465 8 105 16 29 949
Total 354 555 341 943 273 738 3204

OR

C. Use the dissimilarity matrix given below to perform group average hierarchical
clustering. Show your results by drawing a dendrogram. The dendrogram should
clearly show the order in which the points are merged. (10Marks)
pl p2 p3 p4 p5 p6
p1 0.00 0.24 0.22 0.37 0.34 0.23
p2 0.24 0.00 0.15 0.20 0.14 0.25
p3 0.22 0.15 0.00 0.15 0.28 0.11
p4 0.37 0.20 0.15 0.00 0.29 0.22
p5 0.34 0.14 0.28 0.29 0.00 0.39
p6 0.23 0.25 0.11 0.22 0.39 0.00
 2 2 d45
Roll No. 2
B. Tech VI Semester Examination - 2024
Organization Behavior (TAH 362)

Branch: CSE + CSE (AIML)

M.M.: 100
Time: Three Hrs.

(5 X 2 = 10 Marks)
1, Answer the following Questions. (Very short answers)
(a) Define "Organization Behavior"?
(b) Define "Attitude"?

(c) Define "Motivation"?

(d)Define "Organization culture"?

(e) Define "Organization change"?
2. Answer the following Question. (Short answers) (5 X3 = 15 marks)
(a) What are the Limitation of organization behavior?
(b) What do you understand by group behavior and group dynamics?
(c) What are the various components of Attitude?

(d) How to create positive organization culture?

(e)What are the forces that act as stimulants to change?

3. Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) or part (c)
(a) Discuss in details the theoretical framework of organization behavior? (5 Marks)

(b)Explain the relevance of learning for employees in the organization? Justify with the help of learning
theories? (10 Marks)

(c) "Human behavior is caused, motivated, and goal-directed". Explain this statement and show how
modelof behavior incorporates the role of organism in shaping human behavior? (10Marks)
4. Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) or part (c)
(a) State the factors which lead to perception distortion? (5 marks)
(b) Define Personality? Describe the factors that determine personality? Explain the big five personality
model? (10 marks)
Or

(c) Why motivation is considered as an important part of the employee's performance? Explain two
content and two process theory of motivation?

(10 marks)
5. Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) or part (c)
(a) Write a short note on different types of leadership? (5 Marks)
(b) Define "Leadership"? Its types and different theories of leadership? (10 marks)
Or

(c) What are the different types of group? Write the Process/Stages of Group Development? (10 mark)

6. Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) or part (c)
(a) What is the need of workplace spirituality? (5 Marks)

(b)State the various characteristics of organizational culture? Discuss how organizational culture can be
created and sustained? (10 marks)
Or

(c) How to alive the organization culture? Explain the dimension s of Hofstede Model? (10 marks)

7. Part (a) is compulsory and attempt any one part from part (b) orpart (c)
(a) What are the different types of Organization change? (5 marks)

(b) Howto Implement change in the Organization? Explain Kurt Lewin's -Three steps model? (10 marks)
Or

(c)"One of the few things of real permanence in this world is change" but people resist to change? Why
do people resist change? What are the factors which resist How to manage resistance to change?
(10 marks)