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experiment

The document outlines three experiments focused on measuring pH levels of various solutions, including aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos, and soaps, using a pH meter. It details the principles of pH measurement, procedures for preparing buffer solutions, and the use of the Henderson equation for calculating pH. Results indicate that lime juice, Fanta, and Coke are acidic, while shampoos are basic in nature.

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s.karthikeyan18012007
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136 views6 pages

experiment

The document outlines three experiments focused on measuring pH levels of various solutions, including aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos, and soaps, using a pH meter. It details the principles of pH measurement, procedures for preparing buffer solutions, and the use of the Henderson equation for calculating pH. Results indicate that lime juice, Fanta, and Coke are acidic, while shampoos are basic in nature.

Uploaded by

s.karthikeyan18012007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 9

MEASUREMENT OF pH OF DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS LIKE AERATED


DRINKS, FRUIT JUICES, SHAMPOOS AND SOAPS USING pH-METER.

Aim: To measure the pH of different solutions like shampoos, aerated drinks, fruit juices and
soaps (1%) using pH meter. Use dilute solutions of soaps, detergents and shampoos to
prevent damage to glass rod.

Principle:

The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm to base 10 of the activity of


hydrogen ion.

pH = - log(aH+)

pH = - log[H3O+] = log 1/[H3O+]

pH α1/acidity

We consume various foods and beverages with a wide range of pH.

For example

Citrus fruits (pH = 2.0 – 4.0)

Carbonated drinks (pH = 4.0 – 5.0)

Albumin – egg white (pH = 8.0)

Milk of Magnesia (pH = 10.0)

Procedure: The pH meter is calibrated first by immersing the glass electrode of the pH meter
in a standard buffer solution of known pH. Prepare 1% solution of the given substance by
dissolving 1 g of the substance in 100 mL water. The solution is stirred using a glass rod until
it becomes homogeneous. Insert the glass electrode into the test solution and connect it to the
pH meter. Record the values measured using the pH meter and tabulate them.

Result: 1. Lime Juice, Fanta and Coke are acidic as their pH < 7

2. Shampoos are basic in nature as their pH >7

0
Observation Table:

S. No Unknown substance (1% solution) pH Nature

1
EXPERIMENT 8

PREPARATION OF SODIUM ACETATE-ACETIC ACID BUFFER SOLUTION


MEASUREMENT OF pH AND COMPARISON WITH THEORETICAL VALUES.

Aim: To prepare the acidic buffer solution of (0.2M) acetic acid and (0.2M) sodium acetate
of given known values and comparison of the value with theoretical values.

Principle: Acidic buffer can be made by mixing solution of a weak acid and solution of its
salt with a strong base
For example, CH3COOH + CH3COONa
The pH of a buffer solution can be calculated using Henderson equation.
pH = pKa + log [salt]
[acid]
Procedure: 1. Prepare a 0.2 M solution of acetic acid and 0.2M solution of sodium acetate.
Fill one burette with 0.2 M solution of acetic acid and another with 0.2 M sodium acetate.

2. Take a beaker and put volume of acetic acid and sodium acetate as calculated and given in
the observation table. The volumes were calculated using the Henderson equation.

pH = pKa + log [salt]


[acid]

3. Measure the pH of the prepared buffer with calibrated pH meter (calibration of pH meter is
done by immersing the glass electrode of the meter in suitable buffer solution with known
pH) and compare it with the actual value of pH.

2
Observation table:

Volume of Volume of [Salt]/ Log [Salt]/ PH PH


Acid (ml) salt (ml) [Acid] [Acid] observed Theoretical
S.
No.

Calculation:
1. To prepare an acidic buffer solution with pH = 3.42 using acetic acid and sodium
acetate.
Let 20 mL of the buffer solution is to be prepared.
Let volume of acetic acid = (x) ml
And volume of sodium acetate = (20 – x) mL
Ka of CH3COOH = 1.8 ×10-5
pKa of CH3COOH = 4.76 (given)
Using Henderson equation:

pH = pKa + log [salt]


[acid]
pH = pKa (CH3COOH ) + log [CH3COONa]
[CH3COOH]

Thus, we can calculate the volume of acetic acid and sodium acetate to prepare buffer
of known pH.

Result: pH of the given buffer solution is

3
EXPERIMENT 7

PREPARATION OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE-AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE BUFFER


SOLUTION MEASUREMENT OF pH AND COMPARISON WITH
THEORETICAL VALUES.

Aim: To prepare the buffer solution of (0.2M) ammonium chloride and (0.2M) ammonium
hydroxide of given known values and comparison of these value with theoretical values.

Principle: Basic/ Alkaline buffer can be made by mixing solution of a weak base and
solution of its salt with a strong acid
For example, NH4OH + NH4Cl
The pOH and hence pH of a buffer solution can be calculated using Henderson equation.
pOH = pKb + log [salt]
[base]

pH + pOH = 14

pOH = 14 – pH

pH = 14 – pKb – log [salt]


[base]

Procedure: 1. Prepare a 0.2 M solution of ammonium hydroxide and 0.2 M solution of


ammonium chloride. Fill one burette with 0.2 M NH4OH and another with 0.2 M NH4Cl.

2. Take a beaker and put volume of NH4OH and NH4Cl as calculated and given in the
observation table. The volumes were calculated using the Henderson equation.

pOH = pKb + log [salt]


[base]
pH = 14 – pKb – log [salt]
[base]
3. Measure the pH of the prepared buffer with calibrated pH meter (calibration of pH meter is
done by immersing the glass electrode of the meter in suitable buffer solution with known
pH) and compare it with the actual value of pH.

4
Observation table:

S. Volume (ml) Concentration PH PH on Buffer


No. of Buffer adding Index
solution 1 ml of
NH4Cl NH4OH H2O Experimental Theoretical
NaOH

Calculation:

Result: pH of the given buffer solution is --------- and is verified with the buffer index
of ---------

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