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First Law of Thermodynamics Neb 12

The document outlines the First Law of Thermodynamics, covering essential topics such as thermodynamic systems, work done during volume changes, and the relationship between heat, work, and internal energy. It includes key formulas, sample questions, and recommended resources for further study. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding and applying the principles of thermodynamics.

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Aavash Tiwari
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37 views3 pages

First Law of Thermodynamics Neb 12

The document outlines the First Law of Thermodynamics, covering essential topics such as thermodynamic systems, work done during volume changes, and the relationship between heat, work, and internal energy. It includes key formulas, sample questions, and recommended resources for further study. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding and applying the principles of thermodynamics.

Uploaded by

Aavash Tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Important Topics:

1. Thermodynamic Systems:

o Definition and types: open, closed, and isolated systems.WebNotee

2. Work Done During Volume Change:

o Calculation of work done by/on the system during expansion or compression.

3. Heat and Work; Internal Energy:

o Understanding the relationship between heat (Q), work (W), and internal energy
(U).

4. First Law of Thermodynamics:

o Statement and mathematical expression.BYJU'S

o Interpretation and applications.

5. Thermodynamic Processes:

o Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric processes.NEB Result & News

o Representation on P-V diagrams.

6. Specific Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas:

o At constant pressure (Cp) and constant volume (Cv).Nepal Enotes

o Relation between Cp and Cv (Mayer’s relation).NEB Result &


News+1WebNotee+1

7. Work Done in Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes:

o Derivation and calculation of work done in these processes.NEB Result & News

8. Reversible and Irreversible Processes:

o Definitions and distinctions.

Essential Formulas:

• First Law of Thermodynamics:

o ΔU = Q - WMoECDC Library+2BYJU'S+2BYJU'S+2
▪ Where:

▪ ΔU = Change in internal energy

▪ Q = Heat added to the system

▪ W = Work done by the system

• Work Done in Isothermal Process:

o W = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)

▪ Where:

▪ n = Number of moles

▪ R = Universal gas constant

▪ T = Absolute temperature

▪ V₁, V₂ = Initial and final volumes

• Work Done in Adiabatic Process:

o W = (P₁V₁ - P₂V₂) / (γ - 1)

▪ Where:

▪ P₁, P₂ = Initial and final pressures

▪ V₁, V₂ = Initial and final volumes

▪ γ = Cp/Cv (Ratio of specific heats)

• Mayer’s Relation:

o Cp - Cv = RNEB Result & News

▪ Where:

▪ Cp = Specific heat at constant pressure

▪ Cv = Specific heat at constant volume

▪ R = Universal gas constant

Sample Questions:

1. State and explain the First Law of Thermodynamics. Discuss its limitations.
2. Derive the expression for work done during an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas.
Nepali Educate+3Physics in Depth+3Nepal Enotes+3

3. Explain the concept of internal energy. How does it change in an adiabatic process?
Physics in Depth

4. Prove that for an adiabatic process, PV^γ = constant.NEB Result & News

5. Distinguish between reversible and irreversible processes with suitable examples.

6. A gas expands isothermally from an initial volume of 1 m³ to 4 m³ at a temperature of


300 K. Calculate the work done by the gas.

Recommended Resources:

• First Law of Thermodynamics Notes:

o Nepal Enotes - First Law of Thermodynamics

• Numerical Problems on First Law of Thermodynamics:

o WebNotee - First Law of Thermodynamics Notes and Numericals

• First Law of Thermodynamics Questions:

o BYJU'S - First Law of Thermodynamics Questions

Video Lectures:

• First Law of Thermodynamics - Class 12 Physics NEB:

o YouTube - First Law of Thermodynamics

These resources provide comprehensive explanations, derivations, and practice problems to aid
in mastering the First Law of Thermodynamics chapter.

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