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Himalayan tragedy: On avalanches in the Himalayan States

Natural disasters are not very predictable, but their impact can be controlled

Earlier this week, Indian Army and Indo-Tibetan Border Police teams rescued 23 workers who were
stuck in a rubble of snow and ice, following an avalanche at Mana village, Uttarakhand. Eight workers
died in the disaster, which occurred at a Border Roads Organisation construction site that had housed
54 labourers in eight containers. To say that the rescue operation was arduous would be an
understatement. The rescue teams worked in a near-continuous 60-hour shift amidst heavy snowfall
at an elevation of 10,500 feet above mean sea level. With the roads blocked by the snow, helicopters
were used to evacuate those rescued to the Joshimath Army Hospital — five helicopters from the
Indian Army, two from the Indian Air Force and one civilian copter. Along with the sheer physical
effort expended in the extraction, the rescue operation employed a drone-based detection system to
detect the containers that were buried under several feet of snow, ice and rock.

Avalanches in the Himalayan States, like the one in Mana, which is among the last outposts in Indian
territory and close to the border with China, are not uncommon. Villagers here have historically been
‘winter-migrants’, which means that during the winter months the village is deserted. Coinciding with
the ritual closing of the Badrinath temple in November, there is migration to villages lower down,
such as Gopeshwar and Jyotirmath, for the winter, with residents returning only when the temple
reopens in April or May. This is part of traditional wisdom and has a lot to do with the historical
experience of the upper Himalayan stretches being prone to disasters. While these practices may
have saved the resident villagers, it still raises the question as to whether the workers — several of
them migrants — were adequately aware of the risks of their enterprise. Given the strategic location
of the village and the need to develop improved roads for civilian and military access, there will
always be a sizeable number of people engaged in activity in regions that are inherently inhospitable
and risk-prone. Once disaster strikes, efforts focus on the rescue operation, and once they conclude,
there is little reflection on whether preventive measures could have been taken. Avalanches cannot
be predicted with precision, but steps can be taken to design containers that are safer to live in and
can improve the odds of survival. There is much to learn from the way bomb shelters are imagined or
how research stations at Antarctica are designed. All of this requires a greater sensitivity to workers
who toil amidst hazards and not merely label these tragedies as inevitable consequences of natural
disasters. [Practice Exercise]

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

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Vocabulary
1. Avalanche (noun) – Snowslide, Landslide, 13. Sheer (adjective) – Absolute, Utter,
Snowslip, Icefall, Rockfall Complete, Total, Pure

2. Disaster (noun) – Catastrophe, Tragedy, 14. Expend (verb) – Spend, Use, Consume,
Calamity, Mishap, Cataclysm Utilize, Exhaust

3. Rubble (noun) – Debris, Wreckage, Ruins, 15. Extraction (noun) – Removal, Withdrawal,
Fragments, Remains Retrieval, Pulling out, Drawing out

4. Following (preposition) – After, Subsequent 16. Bury (verb) – Inter, Entomb, Embed,
to, In the wake of, Post, Behind Submerge, Conceal

5. Occur (verb) – Happen, Take place, Arise, 17. Outpost (noun) – Frontier, Border, Remote
Transpire, Materialize area, Settlement, Post

6. House (verb) – Accommodate, Shelter, 18. Uncommon (adjective) – Rare, Unusual,

Lodge, Host, Quarter Unique, Exceptional, Scarce

7. Arduous (adjective) – Difficult, Strenuous, 19. Deserted (adjective) – Abandoned, Empty,

Tough, Challenging, Laborious Vacant, Uninhabited, Lonely

8. Understatement (noun) – Minimization, 20. Coincide (with) (verb) – Align, Match,

Downplay, Underestimation, Restraint, Correspond, Concur, Synchronize
Moderation
21. Migration (noun) – Relocation, Movement,
9. Amidst (preposition) – Among, In the Exodus, Shift, Displacement
middle of, Surrounded by, During, Within
22. Wisdom (noun) – Knowledge, Insight,
Prudence, Judgement, Understanding
10. Elevation (noun) – Altitude, Height, Rise,
Lift, Ascent
23. Prone (to) (adjective) – Susceptible,
Vulnerable, Liable, Inclined, Subject
11. Evacuate (verb) – Remove, Clear, Empty,
Relocate, Withdraw

24. Disaster (noun) – Catastrophe, Tragedy,

12. Rescue (verb) – Save, Recover, Retrieve,
Calamity, Mishap, Cataclysm
Liberate,

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25. Enterprise (noun) – a project or 33. Precision (noun) – Accuracy, Exactness,

undertaking, especially a bold or complex Correctness, Clarity, Definiteness
one.
34. The odds (noun) – Chances, Probability,
26. Given (preposition) – Considering, Granted, Likelihood, Possibility, Prospects
Provided, Acknowledging, Assumed
35. Bomb shelter (noun) – an enclosed space
or structure designed to protect people
from explosive weapons such as bombs or
27. Sizeable (adjective) – Large, Considerable,
missiles.
Substantial, Significant, Ample

36. Sensitivity (noun) – Awareness,

28. Inherently (adverb) – Naturally,
Understanding, Responsiveness,
Intrinsically, Essentially, Fundamentally,
Consideration, Empathy
Innately

37. Toil (verb) – Labor, Work hard, Struggle,

29. Inhospitable (adjective) – Unfriendly,
Hostile, Barren, Unwelcoming, Harsh Strive, Exert

38. Hazard (noun) – Danger, Risk, Peril, Threat,

30. Conclude (verb) – End, Finish, Complete, Jeopardy
Terminate, Wrap up
39. Merely (adverb) – Only, Simply, Just, Solely,
31. Reflection (on) (noun) – Thought, Purely
Consideration, Contemplation, Meditation,
40. Label (verb) – Tag, Classify, Categorize,
Deliberation
Identify, Name
32. Preventive (adjective) – Precautionary,
41. Inevitable (adjective) – Unavoidable,
Protective, Prophylactic, Defensive,
Certain, Inescapable, Unpreventable,
Safeguarding
Predetermined

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Summary of the Editorial

1. Avalanche in Mana Village: An avalanche in Mana village, Uttarakhand, trapped 54 workers,
resulting in 8 deaths and a challenging rescue operation.
2. Rescue Efforts: Indian Army and Indo-Tibetan Border Police teams worked for 60 hours in
heavy snowfall at 10,500 feet to rescue 23 workers.
3. Use of Technology: Drones were employed to locate containers buried under snow, ice, and
rock, aiding the rescue operation.
4. Helicopter Evacuation: Five Army helicopters, two Air Force helicopters, and one civilian
helicopter evacuated the rescued workers to Joshimath Army Hospital.
5. Himalayan Vulnerability: Avalanches are common in Himalayan states like Uttarakhand, which
are prone to natural disasters due to their geography.
6. Winter Migration: Local villagers traditionally migrate to lower-altitude villages during winter,
a practice rooted in historical experience and disaster avoidance.
7. Risk to Migrant Workers: The tragedy raises questions about whether migrant workers were
adequately informed about the risks of working in such hazardous conditions.
8. Strategic Importance: Mana village’s proximity to the China border necessitates infrastructure
development, despite the inherent risks.
9. Lack of Preventive Measures: Post-disaster focus is often on rescue operations, with little
reflection on preventive measures or safer infrastructure.
10. Need for Safer Designs: Containers and shelters in disaster-prone areas should be redesigned
to improve survival odds, drawing inspiration from bomb shelters or Antarctic research
stations.
11. Worker Safety: Greater sensitivity and proactive measures are needed to protect workers in
high-risk environments.
12. Unpredictability of Disasters: While natural disasters like avalanches cannot be precisely
predicted, their impact can be mitigated through better planning and infrastructure.
13. Call for Reflection: The tragedy highlights the need for systemic changes to prioritize worker
safety and disaster preparedness in vulnerable regions.
14. Human Cost: The incident underscores the human cost of development in inhospitable and
risk-prone areas.
15. Learning from Global Practices: Adopting global best practices in disaster-prone infrastructure
design can help reduce casualties in future incidents.

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Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. What is the tone of the passage? [Editorial Page]
A. Cautionary
B. Celebratory
C. Humorous
D. Sentimental
2. What is the main theme of the passage?
A. Promoting tourism in the Himalayas
B. Highlighting the need for better safety measures in high-risk Himalayan areas
C. Discussing the history of border disputes
D. Emphasizing religious practices in mountain villages
3. What can be inferred from the passage regarding the treatment of workers in disaster-prone
areas?
A. The workers were fully aware of the risks and had sufficient safety measures in place.
B. The workers were adequately trained to handle avalanches.
C. The government has successfully minimized all risks associated with avalanches.
D. The workers were unaware of the risks, and better preventive measures could have been
taken
4. Choose the most appropriate option to fill in the blank meaningfully
The passage suggests that instead of merely labelling tragedies as inevitable, authorities should
focus on _______ to improve survival chances in high-risk areas.
A. increasing rescue operations
B. enhancing preventive measures
C. reducing road construction projects
D. relocating all workers permanently
5. Why is the seasonal migration of villagers from Mana village considered a wise practice?
A. Because it helps prevent overpopulation in high-altitude areas.
B. Because the government mandates evacuation every winter.
C. Because the harsh winter conditions and history of disasters make it unsafe to stay.
D. Because it allows for better military operations near the border.
6. Select the correct spelling of the underlined word in the given sentence.
The miracle of resurection is not medically proven.
A. resurrection
B. ressurection
C. resurrecsion
D. ressurrection
7. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word in the given sentence.
The mellow tune of the flute soothes me.
A. lyrical

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B. harsh
C. golden
D. quiet
8. Parts of the following sentence have been given as options. Select the option that contains
an error.
The team with a high motivation level succeeded in its project despite of the challenges it
faced.
A. despite of the challenges it faced.
B. a high motivation level
C. the team with
D. succeeded in its project
9. The given sentence has an error. Select the option that correctly rectifies the error.
India is not on war with Pakistan.
A. at Pakistan
B. not of
C. not at
D. for Pakistan
10. The following sentence has been divided into four segments. Identify the segment that has a
grammatical error.
He will have to / knuckle up really seriously, / if he wants to / crack the upcoming deal.
A. crack the upcoming deal.
B. knuckle up really seriously
C. if he wants to
D. he will have to
11. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word
A. Anxious
B. Affliction
C. Apraisal
D. Affiliate
12. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
Hold someone's feet to the fire
A. Take big risks without knowing the consequences
B. Insist that someone fulfil their promises or obligations
C. Think over a new proposal
D. Agree upon a shared venture with full conviction
13. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Disposed
A. Minded
B. Retained
C. Detained
D. Pretended

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14. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.

Some types of ________ suck blood.
A. leach
B. leak
C. leech
D. latch
15. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM for the underlined word in the given sentence.
Such specifications have revived our designers and manufacturers, whereas this new
arrangement will free them.
A. senior
B. swatted
C. restrain
D. productive
16. Select the option that rectifies the spelling of the underlined word in the given sentence.
A hospital's hygine is the standard against which cleanliness is measured.
A. higenie
B. hygeine
C. hygiene
D. hygene
17. Parts of the following sentence have been given as options. Select the option that contains
an error.
Nagamani, a brave student, lodged a F.I.R. against the criminal
A. against the criminal
B. student, lodged
C. a F.I.R.
D. nagamani, a brave
18. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
Active community involvement _____________ a sense of belonging and contributes to the
overall well-being of society.
A. fosters
B. collects
C. forgets
D. fails
19. In the following sentence the underlined part contains an error. Alternatives to the
underlined part are given as options. Select the correct alternative.
It is easiest to stay calm than to protest
A. more easier
B. the easier
C. easy
D. easier

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20. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains
a grammatical error.
This boy performed / extremely good / in the / dancse competition.
A. extremely good
B. this boy performed
C. in the
D. dance competition
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and
select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Throughout human history, there have been numerous, strange and unexplainable events that
have occurred on our (1) ______. From mysterious disappearances to bizarre natural
phenomena, these (2) _____ continue to captivate our imagination and spark curiosity.
On 30 June 1908, a massive explosion (3) ______ in the remote Tunguska region of Siberia. The
(4) _____ of the explosion is still debated, but it is believed to have been caused by a meteor or
comet. Another fascinating phenomenon, the Bermuda Triangle is a region in the western part
of the North Atlantic Ocean where ships and planes have mysteriously (5) ________.
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. home
B. planet
C. country
D. neighbourhood
22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
A. changes
B. adventures
C. advent
D. events
23. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. appeared
B. took place
C. came about
D. conspired
24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4
A. cause
B. beginning
C. commencement
D. stages
25. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5
A. invisible
B. disappeared
C. besotted D. concealed

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Answers
1. A 2. B 3.D 4. B 5. C 6.A 7. B 8. A 9.C 10. B 11.C
12. B 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.A 21.B 22. D
23. B 24.A 25.B [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. A) Cautionary
The passage highlights the dangers of working in avalanche-prone Himalayan regions and urges the
need for preventive measures and safety awareness. It warns about the potential risks and advocates
caution in planning and operations, reflecting a cautionary tone.
B. The passage discusses a tragedy and its rescue efforts, so it is not celebrating any event.
C. The passage deals with a serious disaster and its aftermath, offering no comedic elements.
D. While it is serious, it does not dwell on personal emotions or nostalgia but rather on the pragmatic
dangers and solutions.
2. B) Highlighting the need for better safety measures in high-risk Himalayan areas
The passage focuses on the avalanche tragedy, the rescue operation, and the importance of preventive
strategies (such as designing safer living containers and maintaining greater sensitivity to workers'
safety) in avalanche-prone regions. It stresses the necessity of planning, awareness, and robust
infrastructure to protect lives.
A. The article does not encourage tourism; it addresses a disaster and rescue efforts.
C. Though the region is near the border, the passage does not center on territorial conflicts.
D. The closing and opening of the Badrinath temple is mentioned only to explain winter migration;
religious practice is not the main focus.
3. D) The workers were unaware of the risks, and better preventive measures could have been taken
The passage highlights that while local villagers migrate in winter due to traditional wisdom, many
migrant workers may not have been fully aware of the risks. It suggests that better preventive
measures, such as safer containers, could have been implemented to protect them.
A: Incorrect because the passage implies that workers were likely unaware of the dangers and lacked
sufficient preventive measures.
C: Incorrect as the passage criticizes the lack of preventive measures and does not claim that all risks
have been minimized.
B: Incorrect since there is no mention in the passage that workers were trained to handle avalanches.
Instead, the focus is on their vulnerability.
4. B) enhancing preventive measures
The passage emphasizes the need for preventive measures such as safer containers and better
preparedness for workers in disaster-prone areas.
A: Incorrect because while rescue operations are crucial, the passage stresses the importance of
prevention rather than reaction.
C: Incorrect as the passage acknowledges the necessity of road construction but suggests improving
safety rather than stopping projects.
D: Incorrect because permanent relocation of all workers is not a practical solution mentioned in the
passage.
5. C) Because the harsh winter conditions and history of disasters make it unsafe to stay.

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The passage mentions that traditional wisdom has led villagers to migrate during winter due to the high
risk of disasters, making this a practical and wise decision.
A: Incorrect because the migration is not related to overpopulation but rather to safety concerns.
B: Incorrect since there is no mention of a government-mandated evacuation. It is a voluntary and
historical practice.
D: Incorrect as there is no indication that military operations are the reason for this migration; it is
driven by safety concerns.
6. A) The correct spelling of the underlined word ‘resurection’ is ‘resurrection’ which means "the act of
rising from the dead or bringing something back to life". ऩन
ु रुत्थान
7. B) Mellow (phrase) – Pleasantly smooth or soft; free from harshness ,
Antonym: Harsh (adjective) – Rough, unpleasant, or jarring to the senses, grating, discordant.
( , )
o Lyrical (adjective) – Expressing deep emotions in a poetic or musical way, melodious.
( )
o Golden (adjective) – Having a bright, yellowish color like gold; excellent or valuable. ( )
o Quiet (adjective) – Making little or no noise; silent, calm. ( )
8. A) despite of" के फदरे केवर "despite" का use होगा क्मोंकक "despite" का अथथ होता है "के फावजूद"
औय मह Preposition के रूऩ भें काभ कयता है । "of" का use "despite" के साथ नह ॊ होता है । सह वाक्म
होगा: The team with a high motivation level succeeded in its project despite the challenges it faced.
despite of" should be replaced with "despite" because "despite" itself is a preposition meaning "in spite
of." Adding "of" after "despite" is grammatically incorrect.
9. C) sentence भें "India is not on war with Pakistan" भें 'on' का use गरत है क्मोंकक ‘on war’ का सह
use "on the brink of war" जैसे वाक्मों भें ककमा जाता है । सह preposition 'at' होगा। 'at war' का अथथ है
"मद्ध
ु की स्थथतत भें होना" औय मह सह grammatical structure है ।
Example: India is not at war with Pakistan.
The error in the sentence "India is not on war with Pakistan" lies in the incorrect use of the preposition
'on'. The correct preposition to be used is 'at'. The phrase "at war" means being in a state of war, which
is the correct expression in English.
Example: Correct: India is not at war with Pakistan.
10. B) 'knuckle up' के फदरे 'knuckle down' का use होगा क्मोंकक 'knuckle down' का अथथ होता है ‘कड़ी
भेहनत कयना मा ककस़ी काभ के लरए गॊब़ीयता से रग जाना’। 'Knuckle up' का use गरत है ।
Correct Sentence: He will have to knuckle down really seriously, if he wants to crack the upcoming deal.
'knuckle up' should be replaced with 'knuckle down' because 'knuckle down' means "to work hard or
seriously commit to a task." The usage of 'knuckle up' here is incorrect as it does not convey the
intended meaning.
Correct Sentence: He will have to knuckle down really seriously, if he wants to crack the upcoming deal

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11. C) The correct spelling of ‘Apraisal’ is ‘Appraisal’, which means “an act of assessing someone or
something” or “a formal assessment of value, quality, or performance.” भल
ू माॊकन, आकरन
12. B) Hold someone's feet to the fire – Insist that someone fulfil their promises or obligations ककस़ी को
उनके वादों मा स्जम्भेदारयमों को ऩयू ा कयने के लरए भजफयू कयना।
13. B) Disposed (adjective) - Inclined or willing towards a specific attitude or action; also can mean gotten
rid of something. तनऩटामा हुआ
Antonym: Retained (adjective) - To keep or continue to have something; not disposed of or discarded
फनाए यखना.
 Minded (verb/adjective) - To be bothered by or to care for something; ध्मान यखना
 Detained (verb) - To be held back or delayed, especially in terms of keeping someone in official
custody;योका हुआ.
 Pretended (verb/adjective) - To make believe with the intent to deceive, not genuine;
नकर /ढोंग.
14. C) Leech' का use होगा क्मोंकक मह शब्द एक प्रकाय के ऩयज़ीव़ी कीडा को सॊदलबथत कयता है जो खून
चूसता है । वाक्म भें थऩष्ट रूऩ से फतामा गमा है कक कुछ प्रकाय के ज़ीव खून चस
ू ते हैं, इसलरए 'Leech'
महाॉ सह उत्तय है । Leach का अथथ होता है "घर
ु जाना मा फह जाना" (to drain or filter a substance), जो
इस सॊदबथ भें गरत है । Leak का अथथ है "रयसाव" (to escape or flow out of a hole), जो इस सॊदबथ भें
गरत है Latch का अथथ है "फॊद कयना मा ऩकडना" (to fasten or secure), जो इस सॊदबथ भें उऩमक्
ु त नह ॊ
है
'Leech' will be used because it refers to a parasitic worm that sucks blood. The sentence clearly states
that "some types of ________ suck blood," so the word must directly relate to bloodsucking organisms.
Leach means "to drain or filter a substance," which is unrelated to the context. Leak means "to escape
or flow out of a hole," which does not fit here. Latch means "to fasten or secure," which is also
irrelevant in this context.
15. C) Free (verb) – To liberate, release, or make free from confinement, obligation, or restriction.

Antonym: Restrain (verb) – To hold back from action, limit, or control someone or something's
freedom of movement or action.
 Senior (adjective) – Older or higher in rank or status; it doesn't relate to the concept of
freedom or restraint. वरयष्ठ
 Swatted (verb) – To hit or crush something (especially an insect) with a sharp blow. It is
unrelated to freeing or restraining. भायना
 Productive (adjective) – Yielding results, benefits, or profits, effectively producing or capable of
producing. It does not imply the opposite of freeing. उत्ऩादक

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16. C) The correct spelling of ‘hygine’ is ‘hygiene’, which means “the conditions or practices of maintaining
cleanliness to preserve health.” थवच्छता, थवाथ्म-यऺा सॊफध
ॊ ़ी थवच्छ आदतें ।
17. C) महाॉ 'a F.I.R.' के फदरे 'an F.I.R.' का use होगा क्मोंकक 'F' का उच्चायण vowel sound (eff) से होता है ।
अॊग्रेज़ी व्माकयण के अनस
ु ाय जफ ककस़ी शब्द की ध्वतन vowel (a, e, i, o, u) से शरू
ु होत़ी है , तो उसके
ऩहरे 'an' का use ककमा जाता है ।
The article 'a' should be replaced with 'an' because the abbreviation "F.I.R." starts with the vowel sound
'eff'. According to grammar rules, 'an' is used before words that begin with a vowel sound, even if the
letter itself is a consonant.
18. A) Fosters' का use होगा क्मोंकक इसका अथथ है ककस़ी च़ीज़ के ववकास मा ववृ द्ध को प्रोत्साहहत कयना।
Sentence भें मह कहा गमा है कक "सकिम साभद
ु ातमक बाग़ीदाय " एक sense of belonging (अऩनत्व की
बावना) को फढावा दे त़ी है औय सभाज की बराई भें मोगदान कयत़ी है । इसलरए 'fosters' महाॉ सह
ववकलऩ है । Collects (इकट्ठा कयना): मह गरत है क्मोंकक महाॉ बावना को फढावा दे ने की फात हो यह है ,
न कक ककस़ी च़ीज़ को इकट्ठा कयने की। Forgets (बर
ू जाना): मह गरत है क्मोंकक मह अथथ के ववऩय त
है । "sense of belonging" को बर
ू ना इस सॊदबथ भें उऩमक्
ु त नह ॊ है । Fails (असपर होना): मह गरत है
क्मोंकक sentence का सॊदबथ सकायात्भक है । महाॉ अऩनत्व की बावना को फढाने की फात हो यह है,
असपर होने की नह ॊ।
Fosters' is correct because the sentence discusses how active community involvement promotes a
"sense of belonging" and contributes to the well-being of society. The word foster perfectly fits this
context as it refers to encouraging or nurturing positive outcomes. Collects (to gather or bring
together): This does not fit because the sentence does not imply gathering or collecting a sense of
belonging; it is about promoting it. Forgets (to fail to remember): This is opposite to the intended
meaning of the sentence, which is about enhancing a sense of connection and well-being, not
neglecting it. Fails (to not succeed): This is incorrect because the sentence has a positive connotation,
focusing on the benefits of community involvement, not failure
19. D) 'easiest' के फदरे 'easier' का use होगा क्मोंकक मह sentence comparative degree भें है । जफ दो
च़ीज़ों की तर
ु ना की जात़ी है तो comparative degree का use ककमा जाता है, औय comparative degree
के साथ 'than' का use होता है । जैस—
े She is taller than her brother.
'easiest' will be replaced by 'easier' because the sentence involves a comparison. When comparing two
actions or things, we use the comparative degree of the adjective and pair it with 'than'. For example:
She is taller than her brother.
20. A) "Extremely" एक adverb है औय इसका use adjective के साथ होता है । रेककन sentence भें "good"
adjective के रूऩ भें प्रमक्
ु त है , जफकक महाॉ "well" (adverb) का use होना चाहहए। इसलरए "extremely
good" की जगह "extremely well" सह होगा। सह वाक्म: "This boy performed extremely well in the
dance competition."

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The word "extremely" is an adverb that is used to modify an adjective or another adverb. In this
sentence, it incorrectly modifies "good", which is an adjective. However, to describe how the boy
performed, an adverb should be used. The correct word here is "well", not "good".
21. B) Planet' का use होगा क्मोंकक sentence भें भानव इततहास की फात हो यह है औय सॊदबथ ऩयू ऩ्
ृ व़ी
(planet) का है, जहाॊ अनगगनत घटनाएॉ घट हैं। 'Planet' का अथथ है ग्रह, औय मह context भें बफरकुर
सट क है क्मोंकक मह ऩयू भानवता औय उनके अनब
ु वों का उलरेख कयता है । 'Home' का अथथ है घय, जो
इस फडे सॊदबथ के लरए फहुत ह स़ीलभत है । 'Country' का अथथ है दे श, रेककन sentence भें ककस़ी ववशेष
दे श की फात नह ॊ हो यह है । 'Neighbourhood' का अथथ है ऩडोस, जो फहुत ह छोटा औय अप्रासॊगगक है ।
The word 'Planet' is appropriate because the sentence refers to human history and strange events
occurring across the entire Earth. 'Planet' perfectly fits the global context. 'Home' means a house,
which is too narrow for this context. 'Country' means a nation, but the sentence is not discussing
events limited to one nation. 'Neighbourhood' means a local area or vicinity, which is irrelevant in this
large-scale context.
22. D) 'Events' का use होगा क्मोंकक context भें यहथमभम गामफ होने औय अज़ीफ प्राकृततक घटनाओॊ
mention है । 'Events' का अथथ घटनाएॊ मा वाकमे होता है , जो इततहास भें घहटत अनसर
ु झे यहथमों के
सॊदबथ भें उऩमक्
ु त है । 'Changes' का अथथ है फदराव, जो इन यहथमभम घटनाओॊ के सॊदबथ भें उऩमक्
ु त
नह ॊ है । 'Adventures' का अथथ है योभाॊचक मा जोखखभऩण
ू थ गततववगधमाॊ, जो इस वाक्म के लरए सह नह ॊ
है । 'Advent' का अथथ है ककस़ी भहत्वऩण
ू थ च़ीज का आगभन, रेककन महाॉ घटनाओॊ की फात हो यह है , न
कक आगभन की।
Events' is the correct word to use here because the context refers to occurrences such as mysterious
disappearances and bizarre natural phenomena. 'Events' means occurrences or incidents, which fits
perfectly with the subject of unexplained historical happenings. 'Changes' refers to alterations or
modifications, which doesn't align with the context of mysterious happenings. 'Adventures' refers to
exciting or risky activities, which doesn't describe the strange phenomena mentioned. 'Advent' means
the arrival of something important, but it is inappropriate here as the sentence discusses occurrences,
not arrivals.
23. B) ‘Took place' का use होगा क्मोंकक इसका अथथ है ककस़ी घटना का घहटत होना। वाक्म भें फतामा गमा
है कक 30 जन
ू 1908 को साइफेरयमा के टुॊगथ
ु का ऺेत्र भें एक फडा ववथपोट हुआ। इस सॊदबथ भें, 'took
place' ऩयू तयह से कपट फैठता है क्मोंकक मह ककस़ी घटना मा घटना के होने का सह सॊदबथ दे ता है
'Appeared' (हदखाई दे ना) का भतरफ है कुछ हदखना, जो इस वाक्म के सॊदबथ भें गरत है क्मोंकक मह
ववथपोट का वणथन नह ॊ कयता। 'Came about' (घहटत होना) का अथथ ब़ी घटना के होने से जड
ु ा है , रेककन
मह अनौऩचारयक सॊदबथ भें अगधक उऩमक्
ु त होता है । 'Conspired' (षड्मॊत्र यचना) का अथथ है ककस़ी मोजना
मा सास्जश के तहत कुछ होना, जो महाॉ सॊदलबथत घटना के लरए उऩमक्
ु त नह ॊ है ।

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Took place' is the correct option because it means "to happen or occur." The sentence describes a
significant explosion that occurred on 30 June 1908 in the Tunguska region of Siberia. In this context,
'took place' is the most appropriate phrase to indicate that the event happened.
'Appeared' means "to become visible or come into sight," which does not describe the occurrence of an
explosion. 'Came about' also means "to happen," but it is more informal and does not fit the formal
tone of the passage. 'Conspired' means "to plan or act together secretly," often with a negative intent,
which is irrelevant in this context.
24. A) 'Cause' का use होगा क्मोंकक "cause" का अथथ है ककस़ी घटना मा किमा के ऩ़ीछे का कायण। वाक्म भें
फतामा गमा है कक ववथपोट का कायण अब़ी ब़ी चचाथ का ववषम है, इसलरए 'cause' महाॉ सह है ।
'Beginning' का अथथ है शरु
ु आत, जो सॊदबथ के अनस
ु ाय उऩमक्
ु त नह ॊ है क्मोंकक महाॊ घटना के कायण की
फात हो यह है , न कक उसकी शरु
ु आत की। 'Commencement' का अथथ ब़ी आयॊ ब कयना है , जो महाॊ
irrelevant है । 'Stages' का अथथ चयण है, रेककन मह ववथपोट के ऩ़ीछे के कायण को व्मक्त नह ॊ कयता है ।
Cause' is correct because it refers to the reason or origin of an event or action. The sentence discusses
the debated reason behind the explosion, making 'cause' the most fitting choice. 'Beginning' refers to
the start, which doesn't fit the context since the focus is on the reason, not the start of the explosion.
'Commencement' also means the start, making it irrelevant here.
'Stages' implies phases, which doesn't describe the debated reason for the explosion.
25. B) 'Disappeared' का use होगा क्मोंकक इसका अथथ है "गामफ होना" मा "अचानक अदृश्म हो जाना"।
sentence भें mention है कक Bermuda Triangle एक ऐसा ऺेत्र है जहाॊ जहाज औय हवाई जहाज
यहथमभम तय के से गामफ हो गए हैं। मह शब्द सॊदबथ के अनस
ु ाय ऩयू तयह उऩमक्
ु त है । Invisible:
'Invisible' का अथथ है "अदृश्म", रेककन मह च़ीज़ों के थवाबाववक रूऩ से हदखाई न दे ने को दशाथता है । महाॉ
सॊदबथ गामफ होने (sudden disappearance) का है , न कक प्राकृततक अदृश्मता का। Besotted: 'Besotted'
का अथथ होता है "द वाना" मा "ऩयू तयह भोहहत", जो इस सॊदबथ भें irrelevant है ।Concealed: 'Concealed'
का अथथ है "तछऩामा गमा", जो जानफझ
ू कय तछऩाने की स्थथतत को दशाथता है । महाॉ जहाजों का थवाबाववक
रूऩ से गामफ होना फतामा गमा है , इसलरए मह गरत है ।
‘Disappeared' is used because it means "to vanish" or "to suddenly become unseen." The sentence
mentions that ships and planes have mysteriously disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle, making this
word the most appropriate choice in context. Invisible: 'Invisible' means "not visible" or "unable to be
seen," which implies something that is naturally unseen. However, the context here is about sudden
disappearance, not natural invisibility. Besotted: 'Besotted' means "infatuated" or "completely in love,"
which is irrelevant in this context. Concealed: 'Concealed' means "hidden intentionally," which does not
match the context of mysterious and sudden disappearances.

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