2023학년도 9월 전국연합학력평가 유사변형 문제

고1
영어 영역
1
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[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 18번] 2. z b2 ) 다음 (A)~(C)가 문맥상 적절히 짝지어진 것은?
1. zb1 ) 다음 (A)~(C)가 어법상 적절히 짝지어진 것은?
Gregg and I had been rock climbing since sunrise
Dear Professor Sanchez, and had had no problems. So we took a risk. “Look,
the first bolt is right there. I can definitely climb out
My name is Ellis Wight, and I’m the director of the
to it. Piece of cake,” I persuaded Gregg, minutes
Alexandria Science Museum. We are holding a
before I found myself pinned. It wasn’t a piece of
Chemistry Fair for local middle school students on
cake. The rock was deceptively (A) barrel / barren of
Saturday, October 28. The goal of the fair is to
handholds. I clumsily moved back and forth across
encourage them to be interested in science through
the cliff face and ended up with nowhere to go...but
(A) guiding / guided experiments. We are looking for
down. The bolt that would save my life, if I could get
college students who can help with the experiments
to it, was about two feet above my reach. My arms
during the event. I am contacting you to ask you (B)
trembled from (B) exhaustion / excitement. I looked
recommend / to recommend some students from the
at Gregg. My body froze with (C) freight / fright from
chemistry department at your college who you think
my neck down to my toes. Our rope was tied
are qualified for this job. With their help, I’m sure
between us. If I fell, he would fall with me.
the participants will have a great experience. I look
forward to (C) hear / hearing from you soon. (A) (B) (C)
Sincerely, barrel exhaustion fright
Ellis Wight barren excitement freight

(A) (B) (C) barrel excitement fright

guided recommend hear barrel exhaustion freight

guiding to recommend hear barren exhaustion fright

guiding recommend hearing

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guided to recommend hearing
3. z b3 ) 문맥상 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 단어는?
guided recommend hearing
We are always teaching our children something by
our words and our actions. They learn from seeing.
They learn from hearing and from overhearing.
Children share the values of their parents about the
most important things in life. Our priorities and
principles and our examples of good behavior can
teach our children to take the high road when other
roads look tempting. Remember that children do not
learn the values that make up strong character
simply by being told about them. They learn by
seeing the people around them act on and uphold
those values in their daily lives. Therefore show your
child good __________ of life by your action. In our
daily lives, we can show our children that we respect
others. We can show them our compassion and
concern when others are suffering, and our own
self­discipline, courage and honesty as we make
difficult decisions.

responsibilities behaviors
examples looking
warnings

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4. zb4 ) 다음 밑줄 친 (A)를 조건에 맞게 영작하시오. 6. z b6 ) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장

적절한 곳을 고르시오
Most people have no doubt heard this question: If
a tree falls in the forest and there is no one there to This is only an advantage up to a certain degree.
hear it fall, does it make a sound? The correct
answer is no. Sound is more than pressure waves,
and indeed there can be no sound without a hearer. The interaction of workers from different cultural
And similarly, scientific communication is a two­way backgrounds with the host population might increase
process. Just as a signal of any kind is useless productivity due to positive externalities like
unless it is perceived, a published scientific paper knowledge spillovers. ( ) When the variety of
(signal) is useless unless it is both received and backgrounds is too large, fractionalization may cause
understood by its intended audience. Thus we can excessive transaction costs for communication, which
restate the axiom of science as follows: (A) 과학 실험 may lower productivity. ( ) Diversity not only
은 결과가 출판되고 그리고 이해될 때까지 완성되지 않는다. impacts the labour market, but may also affect the
Publication is no more than pressure waves unless quality of life in a location. A tolerant native
the published paper is understood. Too many population may value a multicultural city or region
scientific papers fall silently in the woods. because of an increase in the range of available
goods and services. ( ) On the other hand,
diversity could be perceived as an unattractive
<조건> feature if natives perceive it as a distortion of what
· 다음 단어를 모두 활용하시오. they consider to be their national identity. ( )
They might even discriminate against other ethnic
complete / experiment understand / until / publish groups and they might fear that social conflicts
· 필요시 단어를 변형하시오. between different foreign nationalities are imported
into their own neighbourhood. ( )

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5. zb5 ) 다음 글의 주제로 적절한 것은?

We all negotiate every day, whether we realise it or

not. Yet few people ever learn how to negotiate.
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 24번]
Those who do usually learn the traditional, win­lose
negotiating style rather than an approach that is
7. z b7 ) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

likely to result in a win­win agreement. This We think we are shaping our buildings. But really,
old­school, adversarial approach may be useful in a our buildings and development are also shaping us.
one­off negotiation where you will probably not deal One of the best examples of this is the
with that person again. However, such transactions oldest­known construction: the ornately carved rings
are becoming increasingly rare, because most of us of standing stones at Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. Before
deal with the same people repeatedly — our spouses these ancestors got the idea to erect standing
and children, our friends and colleagues, our stones some 12,000 years ago, they were
customers and clients. In view of this, it’s essential hunter­gatherers. It appears that the erection of the
to achieve successful results for ourselves and multiple rings of megalithic stones took so long, and
maintain a healthy relationship with our negotiating so many successive generations, that these
partners at the same time. In today’s interdependent innovators were forced to settle down to complete
world of business partnerships and long­term the construction works. In the process, they became
relationships, a win­win outcome is fast becoming the the first farming society on Earth. This is an early
only acceptable result. example of a society construction something that
ends up radically remaking the society itself.
You should stick to traditional negotiating style.
Things are not so different in our own time.
Negotiations should bring wins to each side in
today‘s world.
Negotiation is a process of getting positive results.
Acceptable results can be found through
negotiations.
It is important to respect negotiating partners.

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8. zb8 ) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 10.

z b1 0) 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

There is a reason the title “Monday Morning

Quarterback” exists. Just read the comments on
social media from fans discussing the weekend’s
games, and you quickly see how many people believe
they could play, coach, and manage sport teams
more successfully than those on the field. This goes
for the boardroom as well. Students and
professionals with years of training and specialized
degrees in sport business may also find themselves
The graph above shows the percentages of people being given advice on how to do their jobs from
in different age groups who reported using social friends, family, or even total strangers without any
media in the United States in 2015 and 2021. In each expertise. Executives in sport management have
of the given year, the 18-29 group had the decades of knowledge and experience in their
highest percentage of people who said they used respective fields. However, many of them face
social media. In 2015, the percentage of people who criticism from fans and community members telling
reported using social media in the 30-49 group them how to run their business. Very few people tell
was more than twice that in the 65 and older group. their doctor how to perform surgery or their
The percentage of people who said they used social accountant how to prepare their taxes, but many
media in the 50-64 group in 2021 was 22 percentage people provide feedback on how sport organizations
points higher than that in 2015. In 2021, except should be managed.
for the 65 and older group, more than 70% of people
in each age group reported using social media. 스포츠 팀 관리와 일반 경영은 다르다.
Among all the age groups, only the 18-29 group 스포츠 팬들은 스포츠 경영 임원들만큼 스포츠팀을 관리할
showed a decrease in the percentage of people 수 있다.
who reported using social media from 2015 to 2021. 스포츠 경영 임원들은 팬들의 피드백에 귀를 기울여야 한
다.
스포츠 경영 임원들은 사람들에게 비난과 충고를 받는다.
스포츠 팬들은 월요일마다 경기에 대한 의견을 낸다.

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9. zb9 ) 다음 중 지칭하는 대상이 다른 것을 고르시오.

American jazz pianist Bill Evans was born in New

Jersey in 1929. His early training was in classical
music. At the age of six, he began receiving piano
lessons, later adding flute and violin. He earned
bachelor’s degrees in piano and music education
from Southeastern Louisiana College in 1950. He
went on to serve in the army from 1951 to 1954 and
played flute in the Fifth Army Band. After serving in
the military, he studied composition at the Mannes
School of Music in New York. Composer George
Russell admired his playing and hired Evans to
record and perform his compositions. Evans
became famous for recordings made from the
late­1950s through the 1960s. He won his first
Grammy Award in 1964 for his album Conversations
with Myself. Evans’ expressive piano works and
his unique harmonic approach inspired a whole
generation of musicians.

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11.
zb1 1) 다음 중 글의 흐름과 관련이 없는 것은? 13. z b1 3) 다음 (A)~(C)가 문맥상 적절히 짝지어진 것은?

While moving is difficult for everyone, it is The famous primatologist Frans de Waal, of Emory
particularly stressful for children. They lose their University, says humans (A) downplay / emphasize
sense of security and may feel disoriented when their similarities between us and other animals as a way
routine is disrupted and all that is familiar is taken of maintaining our spot at the top of our imaginary
away. Young children, ages 3-6, are particularly ladder. Scientists, de Waal points out, can be some
affected by a move. Their understanding at this of the worst offenders — employing technical
stage is quite literal, and it is difficult for them to language to distance the other animals from us.
imagine beforehand a new home and their new room. They call “kissing” in chimps “mouth­to­mouth
Young children may have worries such as “Will I still contact”; they call “friends” between primates
be me in the new place?” and “Will my toys and bed “favorite affiliation partners”; they interpret evidence
come with us?” It is important to establish a showing that crows and chimps can make tools as
balance between validating children’s past being somehow qualitatively (B) different / similar
experiences and focusing on helping them adjust to from the kind of toolmaking said to define humanity.
the new place. It is also important to let them If an animal can beat us at a cognitive task — like
decide how to decorate their room. Children need to how certain bird species can remember the precise
have opportunities to share their backgrounds in a locations of thousands of seeds — they write it off as
way that respects their past as an important part of instinct, not intelligence. This and so many more
who they are. This contributes to building a sense tricks of language are what de Waal has termed
of community, which is essential for all children, “linguistic castration.” The way we use our tongues
especially those in transition. to (C) respect / disempower animals, the way we
invent words to maintain our spot at the top.

(A) (B) (C)

emphasize similar disempower
downplay different respect
[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 31번]
downplay different disempower
12.
zb1 2) 다음 빈칸에 적절한 문장을 고르시오.
emphasize similar respect
Many people are terrified to fly in airplanes.
downplay similar respect
________________________. The pilot is in control,
not the passengers, and this lack of control instills
fear. Many potential passengers are so afraid they
choose to drive great distances to get to a
destination instead of flying. But their decision to
drive is based solely on emotion, not logic. Logic
says that statistically, the odds of dying in a car
crash are around 1 in 5,000, while the odds of dying
in a plane crash are closer to 1 in 11 million. If
you’re going to take a risk, especially one that could
possibly involve your well­being, wouldn’t you want
the odds in your favor? However, most people
choose the option that will cause them the least
amount of . Pay attention to the thoughts you have
about taking the risk and make sure you’re basing
your decision on facts, not just feelings.

This fear can be the controlled.

Your control can be lost during the flight.
A lack of control is the cause of this fear.
Controlling is one of basic needs of people.
Often, terrible things happen during flight.

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14.
zb1 4) 다음 글의 주제로 적절한 것은? 15.
z b1 5) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?
A key to engagement and achievement is providing
students with relevant texts they will be interested For many people, ability refers to intellectual
in. My scholarly work and my teaching have been competence, so they want everything they do to
deeply influenced by the work of Rosalie Fink. She reflect how bright they are — writing a brilliant
interviewed twelve adults who were highly successful legal brief, getting the highest grade on a test,
in their work, including a physicist, a biochemist, writing elegant computer code, saying something
and a company CEO. All of them had dyslexia and exceptionally wise or witty in a conversation. You
had had significant problems with reading throughout could also define ability in terms of a particular skill
their school years. While she expected to find that or talent, such as how perfectly one plays the
they had avoided reading and discovered ways to piano, learns a language, or serves a tennis ball.
bypass it or compensate with other strategies for Some people focus on their ability to be attractive,
learning, she found the opposite. “To my surprise, I entertaining, up on the later trends, or to have
found that these dyslexics were enthusiastic the newest gadgets. However ability may be defined,
readers...they rarely avoided reading. On the a problem occurs when it is the only determinant
contrary, they sought out books.” The pattern Fink of one’s self­worth. The performance becomes the
discovered was that all of her subjects had been only measure of the person; nothing else is taken
passionate in some personal interest. The areas of into account. An outstanding performance means an
interest included religion, math, business, science, outstanding person; an average performance means
history, and biography. What mattered was that they an mediocre person. Period.
read voraciously to find out more.

Personal interest should be considered when

choosing text materials.
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Teaching students with interesting texts can make
students more engaged in class. 16.
z b1 6) 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Students should be provided more texts in order to Sensory nerves have specialized endings in the
succeed in life. tissues that pick up a particular sensation. If, for
Students with dyslexia are more interested in example, you step on a sharp object such as a pin,
reading. nerve endings in the skin will transmit the pain
sensation up your leg, up and along the spinal cord
Offering texts in which students would feel
to the brain. While the pain itself is unpleasant, it is
interested can lead to achievement.
in fact acting as a protective mechanism for the foot.
Within the brain, nerves will connect to the area that
controls speech, so that you may well shout ‘ouch’
or something rather less polite. They will also
connect to motor nerves that travel back down the
spinal cord, and to the muscles in your leg that now
contract quickly to lift your foot away from the
painful object. Sensory and motor nerves control
almost all functions in the body — from the beating
of the heart to the movement of the gut, sweating
and just about everything else.

감각 신경에는 감각을 포착하는 말단이 있다.

통증은 우리의 몸을 보호하는 역할을 한다.
통증을 느끼는 신경은 뇌에서 언어를 통제하는 부분과 연
결된다.
우리가 날카로운 물체를 밟으면 다리 근육이 감각 신경에
신호를 보내 고통을 주는 물체로부터 발을 떼어 들어올리
게 한다.
신체의 거의 모든 기능은 감각 신경과 운동 신경에 의해
통제된다.

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17.
zb1 7) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 19.
z b1 9) 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
적절한 곳을 고르시오.
Boundaries between work and home are blurring
If conditions are too cold, too hot, or there isn’t as portable digital technology makes it increasingly
enough source material, they can form strange, possible to work anywhere, anytime. Individuals
twisted shapes. differ in how they like to manage their time to meet
work and outside responsibilities. Whatever you
choose, portable digital technology offers more
Maybe you’ve heard this joke: “How do you eat an
flexibility as it blurs the boundaries between work
elephant?” The answer is “one bite at a time. ( )
and home. Some people prefer to separate or
So, how do you “build” the Earth? That’s simple, too:
segment roles so that boundary crossings are
one atom at a time. Atoms are the basic building
minimized. For example, these people might keep
blocks of crystals, and since all rocks are made up
separate email accounts for work and family and try
of crystals, the more you know about atoms, the
to conduct work at the workplace and take care of
better. ( ) Crystals come in a variety of shapes
family matters only during breaks and non­work
that scientists call habits. Common crystal habits
time. (We’ve even noticed more of these
include squares, triangles, and six­sided hexagons. (
“segmenters” carrying two phones ― one for work
) Usually crystals form when liquids cool, such as
and one for personal use. Flexible schedules work
when you create ice cubes. Many times, crystals
well for these individuals because they enable greater
form in ways that do not allow for perfect shapes. (
distinction between time at work and time in other
) But when conditions are right, we see beautiful
roles. Other individuals prefer integrating work and
displays. Usually, this involves a slow, steady
family roles all day long. This might entail
environment where the individual atoms have plenty
constantly trading text messages with children from
of time to join and fit perfectly into what’s known as
the office, or monitoring emails at home and on
the crystal lattice. ( ) This is the basic structure
vacation, rather than returning to work to find
of atoms that is seen time after time.
hundreds of messages in their inbox.

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18.
zb1 8) 다음 밑줄 친 (A)를 조건에 맞게 영작하시오.

When you pluck a guitar string it moves back and [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 39번]
forth hundreds of times every second. Naturally, this 20.
z b2 0) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
movement is so fast that you cannot see it — you 적절하지 않은 것은?
just see the blurred outline of the moving string.
A “complementary good” is a product that is often
Strings vibrating in this way on their own make
consumed alongside another product. For
hardly any noise because strings are very thin and
example, popcorn is a complementary good to a
don’t push much air about. But if you attach a
movie, while a travel pillow is a complementary good
string to a big hollow box (like a guitar body), then
for a long plane journey. When the popularity of one
the vibration is amplified and the note is heard loud
product increases, the sales of its complementary
and clear. The vibration of the string is passed on to
good also increase. By producing goods that
the wooden panels of the guitar body, which vibrate
complement other products that are already (or
back and forth at the same rate as the string. (A) 그
about to be) popular, you can ensure a steady
나무의 진동은 공기의 압력에 더 강력한 파동을 만들어 내어
stream of demand for your product. Some products
기타로부터 멀리 퍼진다. When the waves reach your
enjoy perfect complementary status — they have to
eardrums they flex in and out the same number of
be consumed separately, such as a lamp and a
times a second as the original string.
lightbulb. However, do not assume that a product is
perfectly complementary, as customers may not be
<조건> completely locked in to the product. For example,

· 다음 단어를 모두 활용하시오. although motorists may seem required to purchase

gasoline to run their cars, they can switch to
create / vibration / away / powerful / travel electric cars.
· 반드시 계속적 용법의 관계대명사를 사용하시오.

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21.
zb2 1) 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 22.
z b2 2) 다음 밑줄 친 (A)를 조건에 맞게 영작하시오.

It’s not news to anyone that we judge others based (A) 로컬푸드 생산이 운송 연료의 연소를 줄임으로써 온실
on their clothes. In general, studies that investigate 가스 배출을 줄였다는 주장들은 대개 근거가 충분하지 않다.
these judgments find that people prefer clothing that Transport is the source of only 11 percent of
matches expectations — surgeons in scrubs, little greenhouse gas emissions within the food sector, so
boys in blue — with one notable exception. A series reducing the distance that food travels after it leaves
of studies published in an article in June 2014 in the the farm is far less important than reducing wasteful
Journal of Consumer Research explored observers’ energy use on the farm. Food coming from a
reactions to people who broke established norms only distance can actually be better for the climate,
slightly. In one scenario, a man at a black­tie affair depending on how it was grown. For example,
was viewed as having higher status and competence field­grown tomatoes shipped from Mexico in the
when wearing a red bow tie. The researchers also winter months will have a smaller carbon footprint
found that valuing uniqueness increased audience than local winter tomatoes grown in a greenhouse. In
members’ ratings of the status and competence of a the United Kingdom, lamb meat that travels 11,000
professor who wore red sneakers while giving a miles from New Zealand generates only one­quarter
lecture. The results suggest that people judge these the carbon emissions per pound compared to British
slight deviations from the norm as positive because lamb because farmers in the United Kingdom raise
they suggest that the individual is powerful enough their animals on feed (which must be produced using
to risk the social costs of such behaviors. fossil fuels) rather than on clover pastureland.
When food does travel, what matters most is not the
사람들은 의복에서 눈에 띄는 예외가 있는 것을 선호한다.
distance traveled but the travel mode (surface versus
정장 차림의 남자가 빨간 나비 넥타이를 맸을 때 그 사람 air), and most of all the load size. Bulk loads of food
이 더 높은 지위를 가진 것으로 보여졌다. can travel halfway around the world by ocean freight
청중들은 빨간 운동화를 신은 교수의 지위와 역량에 대해 with a smaller carbon footprint, per pound delivered,
더 높이 평가했다. than foods traveling just a short distance but in
사람들은 규범에서 약간 벗어난 것을 긍정적으로 생각한다. much smaller loads. For example, 18­wheelers carry
much larger loads than pickup trucks so they can
어떤 사람들은 사회적 비용을 지불함으로써 규범으로부터
move food 100 times as far while burning only
일탈을 하고 대중은 이를 긍정적으로 바라본다.
one­third as much gas per pound of food delivered.

<조건>

· 다음 단어를 모두 활용하시오.

local food / cut / claims / greenhouse gas / found

/ fuel / burning / reduce

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23.
zb2 3) 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 24.
z b2 4) 다음 밑줄 친 (A)를 조건에 맞게 영작하시오.

Long ago, an old man built a grand temple at the Dear Professor Sanchez,
center of his village. People traveled to worship at
My name is Ellis Wight, and I’m the director of the
the temple. So the old man made arrangements for
Alexandria Science Museum. We are holding a
food and accommodation inside the temple itself. He
Chemistry Fair for local middle school students on
needed someone who could look after the temple, so
Saturday, October 28. (A) 이 박람회의 목적은 안내적 실
he put up a notice: Manager needed. Seeing the
험을 통해 학생들이 과학에 관한 관심을 갖도록 장려하는 것
notice, many people went to the old man. But he
입니다. We are looking for college students who can
returned all the applicants after interviews, telling
help with the experiments during the event. I am
them, “I need a qualified person for this work.” The
contacting you to ask you to recommend some
old man would sit on the roof of his house every
students from the chemistry department at your
morning, watching people go through the temple
college who you think are qualified for this job. With
doors. One day, he saw a young man come to the
their help, I’m sure the participants will have a great
temple. When that young man left the temple, the
experience. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
old man called him and asked, “Will you take care of
this temple?” The young man was surprised by the Sincerely,
offer and replied, “I have no experience caring for a Ellis Wight
temple. I’m not even educated.” The old man smiled
and said, “I don’t want any educated man. I want a
qualified person.” Confused, the young man asked, <조건>
“But why do you consider me a qualified person?” · 다음 단어를 모두 활용하시오.
The old man replied, “I buried a brick on the path
to the temple. I watched for many days as people encourage / to / goal / fair / interest / guide
tripped over that brick. No one thought to remove it.
But you dug up that brick.” The young man said, “I
haven’t done anything great. It’s the duty of every
human being to think about others. I only did my
duty.” The old man smiled and said, “Only people [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 19번]
who know their duty and perform it are qualified 25.
z b2 5) 다음 중 어법상 어색한 것은?
people.”
Gregg and I had been rock climbing since sunrise
An old man was looking for a person who would and had had no problems. So we took a risk.
take take of the temple. “Look, the first bolt is right there. I can definitely
Lots of people came to the old man to be the climb out to it. Piece of cake,” I persuaded Gregg,
manager of the temple. minutes before I found myself pinning. It wasn’t
The brick was old man‘s idea to choose a proper a piece of cake. The rock was deceptively barren of
person to take care of the temple. handholds. I clumsily moved back and forth
across the cliff face and ended up with nowhere to
The young man thought it is only his duty to think
go...but down. The bolt that would save my life, if I
about others.
could get to it, was about two feet above my
The man was the only one who removed the brick
reach. My arms trembled from exhaustion. I looked
on the path.
at Gregg. My body froze with fright from my neck
down to my toes. Our rope was tied between us. If I
fell, he would fall with me.

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26.
zb2 6) 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 27.
z b2 7) 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 적절한 문장을 고르시오.

We are always teaching our children something by Most people have no doubt heard this question: If
our words and our actions. They learn from seeing. a tree falls in the forest and there is no one there to
They learn from hearing and from overhearing. hear it fall, does it make a sound? The correct
Children share the values of their parents about the answer is no. Sound is more than pressure waves,
most important things in life. Our priorities and and indeed there can be no sound without a hearer.
principles and our examples of good behavior can And similarly, scientific communication is a two­way
teach our children to take the high road when other process. Just as a signal of any kind is useless
roads look tempting. Remember that children do not unless it is perceived, a published scientific paper
learn the values that make up strong character (signal) is useless unless it is both received and
simply by being told about them. They learn by understood by its intended audience. Thus we can
seeing the people around them act on and uphold restate the axiom of science as follows:
those values in their daily lives. Therefore show your _____________________________. Publication is no
child good examples of life by your action. In our more than pressure waves unless the published
daily lives, we can show our children that we respect paper is understood. Too many scientific papers fall
others. We can show them our compassion and silently in the woods.
concern when others are suffering, and our own
Numerous scientific breakthroughs remain hidden.
self­discipline, courage and honesty as we make
difficult decisions. A scientific experiment remains unfinished until its
results have been both published and
Parental Influence, What Shapes Our Children. comprehended.
Nurturing Virtue : The Role of Parents. In science, the exchange of knowledge is a two-way
The Power of Parental Examples in Teaching Values process.
to Children. In the realm of scientific discovery, effective
How Positive Values Impact Our Children. communication between the researcher and the
How to Lead by Example as Parents. audience is important,
many scientific findings remain silent.

[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 22번]

28.
z b2 8) 다음 중 어법상 어색한 것은?

We all negotiate every day, whether we realise it

or not. Yet few people ever learn how to negotiate.
Those who do usually learn the traditional,
win­lose negotiating style rather than an approach
which is likely to result in a win­win agreement. This
old­school, adversarial approach may be useful in a
one­off negotiation which you will probably not
deal with that person again. However, such
transactions are becoming increasingly rare, because
most of us deal with the same people repeatedly —
our spouses and children, our friends and
colleagues, our customers and clients. In view of
this, it’s essential to achieve successful results for
ourselves and maintain a healthy relationship with
our negotiating partners at the same time. In today’s
interdependent world of business partnerships and
long­term relationships, a win­win outcome is
fast becoming the only acceptable result.

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29.
zb2 9) 다음 글의 순서로 적절한 것은? 30.
z b3 0) 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 적절한 문장을 고르시오.

The interaction of workers from different cultural We think we are shaping our buildings. But really,
backgrounds with the host population might increase _________________________. One of the best
productivity. examples of this is the oldest­known construction:
the ornately carved rings of standing stones at
Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. Before these ancestors got
(A) On the other hand, diversity could be perceived the idea to erect standing stones some 12,000 years
as an unattractive feature if natives perceive it ago, they were hunter­gatherers. It appears that the
as a distortion of what they consider to be their erection of the multiple rings of megalithic stones
national identity. They might even discriminate took so long, and so many successive generations,
against other ethnic groups and they might fear that these innovators were forced to settle down to
that social conflicts between different foreign complete the construction works. In the process, they
nationalities are imported into their own became the first farming society on Earth. This is an
neighbourhood. early example of a society constructing something
(B) When the variety of backgrounds is too large, that ends up radically remaking the society itself.
fractionalization may cause excessive transaction Things are not so different in our own time.
costs for communication, which may lower our buildings and progress teach us how to shape
productivity. Diversity not only impacts the ourselves.
labour market, but may also affect the quality of
we get the idea how to shape ourselves through our
life in a location. A tolerant native population
buildings.
may value a multicultural city or region because
of an increase in the range of available goods we are inspired by our buildings and development.
and services. it is notable that we are also shaped by the
buildings and development which we have made.
(C) This increase of productivity is due to positive
externalities like knowledge spillovers. This is how we shape our buildings is not up to us.
only an advantage up to a certain degree.

(B) - (C) - (A) (B) - (A) - (C)

(C) - (A) - (B) (A) - (C) - (B)
(C) - (B) - (A)

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31.
zb3 1) 다음 (A)를 조건에 맞게 영작하시오. 32.
z b3 2) 다음 (A)~(C)가 어법상 적절히 짝지어진 것은?

American jazz pianist Bill Evans was born in New

Jersey in 1929. His early training was in classical
music. At the age of six, he began receiving piano
lessons, later (A) adding / added flute and violin. He
earned bachelor’s degrees in piano and music
education from Southeastern Louisiana College in
1950. He went on to serve in the army from 1951 to
1954 and played flute in the Fifth Army Band. After
(B) serving / served in the military, he studied
composition at the Mannes School of Music in New
The graph above shows the percentages of people
York. Composer George Russell admired his playing
in different age groups who reported using social
and hired Evans to record and perform his
media in the United States in 2015 and 2021. In each
compositions. Evans became famous for recordings
of the given years, the 18-29 group had the highest
(C) making / made from the late­1950s through the
percentage of people who said they used social
1960s. He won his first Grammy Award in 1964 for
media. In 2015, the percentage of people who
his album Conversations with Myself. Evans’
reported using social media in the 30-49 group was
expressive piano works and his unique harmonic
more than twice that in the 65 and older group. The
approach inspired a whole generation of musicians.
percentage of people who said they used social media
in the 50-64 group in 2021 was 22 percentage points (A) (B) (C)
higher than that in 2015. In 2021, except for the 65 adding served making
and older group, more than 70% of people in each
added serving made
age group reported using social media. Among all
the age groups, (A) 18~29세 집단만이 2015년에서 2021 adding serving made
년까지 소셜 미디어를 사용한다고 보고한 사람들의 비율에서 added served made
감소를 보였다. adding serving making

<조건>

· 다음 단어를 모두 변형 없이 사용하시오.

a decrease / reported / the 18-29 group

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33.
zb3 3) 다음 (A)~(C)가 문맥상 적절히 짝지어진 것은? 34.
z b3 4) 다음 글의 주제로 적절한 것은?

There is a reason the title “Monday Morning While moving is difficult for everyone, it is
Quarterback” exists. Just read the comments on particularly stressful for children. They lose their
social media from fans discussing the weekend’s sense of security and may feel disoriented when their
games, and you quickly see how many people believe routine is disrupted and all that is familiar is taken
they could play, coach, and manage sport teams away. Young children, ages 3-6, are particularly
more successfully than those on the field. This goes affected by a move. Their understanding at this stage
for the boardroom as well. Students and is quite literal, and it is difficult for them to imagine
professionals with years of training and (A) beforehand a new home and their new room. Young
specializing / specialized degrees in sport business children may have worries such as “Will I still be me
may also find themselves being given advice on how in the new place?” and “Will my toys and bed come
to do their jobs from friends, family, or even total with us?” It is important to establish a balance
strangers without any (B) experts / expertise. between validating children’s past experiences and
Executives in sport management have decades of focusing on helping them adjust to the new place.
knowledge and experience in their (C) respectful / Children need to have opportunities to share their
respective fields. However, many of them face backgrounds in a way that respects their past as an
criticism from fans and community members telling important part of who they are. This contributes to
them how to run their business. Very few people tell building a sense of community, which is essential for
their doctor how to perform surgery or their all children, especially those in transition.
accountant how to prepare their taxes, but many
Moving is not easy for children as well as parents.
people provide feedback on how sport organizations
should be managed. Youn children should not be involved in the moving
process.
(A) (B) (C)
Children should not share their backgrounds in the
specializing experts respective new community.
specialized expertise respectful It is essential to support children during a move
specializing experts respectful and respect their past experiences.
specialized expertise respective Parents with children should not consider a move
specialized experts respectful as much as possible.

[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 31번]

35.
z b3 5) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
적절한 곳을 고르시오.

If you’re going to take a risk, especially one that

could possibly involve your well­being, wouldn’t you
want the odds in your favor?

Many people are terrified to fly in airplanes. Often,

this fear stems from a lack of control. ( ) The
pilot is in control, not the passengers, and this lack
of control instills fear. ( ) Many potential
passengers are so afraid they choose to drive great
distances to get to a destination instead of flying. (
) But their decision to drive is based solely on
emotion, not logic. Logic says that statistically, the
odds of dying in a car crash are around 1 in 5,000,
while the odds of dying in a plane crash are closer
to 1 in 11 million. ( ) However, most people
choose the option that will cause them the least
amount of anxiety. ( ) Pay attention to the
thoughts you have about taking the risk and make
sure you’re basing your decision on facts, not just
feelings.

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36.
zb3 6) 다음 글의 제목으로 적절한 것은? 37.
z b3 7) 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The famous primatologist Frans de Waal, of Emory
university, says humans downplay similarities between A key to engagement and achievement is providing
us and other animals as a way of maintaining our students with relevant texts they will be interested in.
spot at the top of our imaginary ladder. Scientists, My scholarly work and my teaching have been deeply
de Waal points out, can be some of the worst influenced by the work of Rosalie Fink. She
offenders — employing technical language to interviewed twelve adults who were highly successful
distance the other animals from us. They call in their work, including a physicist, a biochemist,
“kissing” in chimps “mouth­to­mouth contact”; they and a company CEO. All of them had dyslexia and
call “friends” between primates “favorite affiliation had had significant problems with reading throughout
partners”; they interpret evidence showing that crows their school years. While she expected to find that
and chimps can make tools as being somehow they had avoided reading and discovered ways to
qualitatively different from the kind of toolmaking bypass it or compensate with other strategies for
said to define humanity. If an animal can beat us at learning, she found the opposite. “To my surprise, I
a cognitive task — like how certain bird species can found that these dyslexics were enthusiastic
remember the precise locations of thousands of readers...they rarely avoided reading. On the
seeds — they write it off as instinct, not intelligence. contrary, they sought out books.” The pattern Fink
This and so many more tricks of language are what discovered was that all of her subjects had been
de Waal has termed “linguistic castration.” The way passionate in some personal interest. The areas of
we use our tongues to disempower animals, the way interest included religion, math, business, science,
we invent words to maintain our spot at the top. history, and biography. What mattered was that they
read voraciously to find out more.
Frans de Waal‘s Controversial Theories on Animal
Research
Exploring the Intricate Cognitive Abilities of Animals Providing students with texts in (A) ________ with
their interests and passions, is (B) ________ for
The Use of Language to Maintain Human
engagement and achievement.
Dominance Over Animals
Cognitive Abilities and Linguistic Castration in (A) (B)
Animals terms important
The Language Barrier Between Humans and Animals harmony crucial
course irrelevant
discord relevant
agreement necessary

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38.
zb3 8) 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? 40.
z b4 0) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?
For many people, ability refers to intellectual
competence, so they want everything they do to Maybe you’ve heard this joke: “How do you eat an
reflect how smart they are — writing a brilliant legal elephant?” The answer is “one bite at a time.” So,
brief, getting the highest grade on a test, writing how do you “build” the Earth? That’s simple, too:
elegant computer code, saying something one atom at a time. Atoms are the basic building
exceptionally wise or witty in a conversation. You blocks of crystals, and since all rocks are made up
could also define ability in terms of a particular skill of crystals, the more you know about atoms, the
or talent, such as how well one plays the piano, better. Crystals come in a single shape that
learns a language, or serves a tennis ball. Some scientists call habits. Common crystal habits include
people focus on their ability to be attractive, squares, triangles, and six­sided hexagons. Usually
entertaining, up on the latest trends, or to have the crystals form when liquids cool, such as when you
newest gadgets. It is humans’ instinct that they create ice cubes. Many times, crystals form in ways
want to be seen as attractive and trendy. However that do not allow for perfect shapes. If conditions
ability may be defined, a problem occurs when it is are too cold, too hot, or there isn’t enough source
the sole determinant of one’s self­worth. The material, they can form strange, twisted shapes. But
performance becomes the only measure of the when conditions are right, we see beautiful
person; nothing else is taken into account. An displays. Usually, this involves a slow, steady
outstanding performance means an outstanding environment where the individual atoms have plenty
person; an average performance means an average of time to join and fit perfectly into what’s known as
person. Period. the crystal lattice. This is the basic structure of
atoms that is seen time after time.

[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 35번] [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 37번]

39.
zb3 9) 다음 중 어법상 어색한 것은? 41.
z b4 1) 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Sensory nerves have specialized endings in the When you pluck a guitar string it moves back and
tissues that pick up a particular sensation. If, for forth hundreds of times every second. Naturally, this
example, you step on a sharp object such as a pin, movement is so fast that you cannot see it — you
nerve endings in the skin will transmit the pain just see the blurred outline of the moving string.
sensation up your leg, up and along the spinal cord Strings vibrating in this way on their own make
to the brain. While the pain itself is unpleasant, it hardly any noise because strings are very thin and
is in fact acting as a protective mechanism for the don’t push much air about. But if you attach a
foot. Within the brain, nerves will connect to the string to a big hollow box (like a guitar body), then
area that controls speech, so that you may well the vibration is amplified and the note is heard loud
shout ‘ouch’ or something rather less politely. and clear. The vibration of the string is passed on to
They will also connect to motor nerves that travel the wooden panels of the guitar body, which vibrate
back down the spinal cord, and to the muscles in back and forth at the same rate as the string. The
your leg that now contract quickly to lift your vibration of the wood creates more powerful waves in
foot away from the painful object. Sensory and motor the air pressure, which travel away from the guitar.
nerves control almost all functions in the body — When the waves reach your eardrums they flex in
from the beating of the heart to the movement of and out the same number of times a second as the
the gut, sweating and just about everything else. original string.

기타줄을 뜯을 때 기타줄은 1초에 수백 번을 움직인다.

기타줄의 움직임은 너무 빨라서 우리가 눈으로 볼 수 없다.
줄이 속이 빈 상자에 달리면 진동이 증폭되어 음이 선명하
게 들린다.
줄의 진동은 기타 몸통의 나무판으로 전달된다.
기타 나무판의 진동은 기타 내부로만 퍼진다.

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42.
zb4 2) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 44.
z b4 4) 다음 글의 주제로 적절한 것은?
적절하지 않은 것은?
It’s not news to anyone that we judge others based
Boundaries between work and home are blurring on their clothes. In general, studies that investigate
as portable digital technology makes it increasingly these judgments find that people prefer clothing that
possible to work anywhere, anytime. Individuals matches expectations — surgeons in scrubs, little
differ in how they like to manage their time to meet boys in blue — with one notable exception. A series
work and outside responsibilities. Some people prefer of studies published in an article in June 2014 in the
to separate or segment roles so that boundary Journal of Consumer Researchexplored observers’
crossings are minimized. For example, these reactions to people who broke established norms only
people might keep separate email accounts for work slightly. In one scenario, a man at a black­tie affair
and family and try to conduct work at the workplace was viewed as having higher status and competence
and take care of family matters only during breaks when wearing a red bow tie. The researchers also
and non­work time. (We’ve even noticed more of found that valuing uniqueness increased audience
these “segmenters” carrying two phones ― one for members’ ratings of the status and competence of a
work and one for personal use. Fixed schedules professor who wore red sneakers while giving a
work well for these individuals because they enable lecture. The results suggest that people judge these
greater distinction between time at work and time in slight deviations from the norm as positive because
other roles. Other individuals prefer integrating they suggest that the individual is powerful enough
work and family roles all day long. This might entail to risk the social costs of such behaviors.
constantly trading text messages with children from
The importance of dressing according to societal
the office, or monitoring emails at home and on
expectations.
vacation, rather than returning to work to find
hundreds of messages in their inbox. The impact of clothing choices on perceived status
and competence.

[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 39번]

The role of fashion in shaping personal identity.

43.
zb4 3) 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 적절한 문장을 고르시오. Unique clothing choices having no impact.
How to choose clothing that matches established
A “complementary good” is a product that is often
norms.
consumed alongside another product. For example,
popcorn is a complementary good to a movie, while
a travel pillow is a complementary good for a long
plane journey. When the popularity of one product
increases, the sales of its complementary good also
increase. By producing goods that complement other
products that are already (or about to be) popular,
you can ensure a steady stream of demand for your
product. Some products enjoy perfect complementary
status — they have to be consumed together, such
as a lamp and a lightbulb. However, do not assume
that a product is perfectly complementary,
____________________________. For example,
although motorists may seem required to purchase
gasoline to run their cars, they can switch to electric
cars.

as customers might be completely locked in to the

product.
as customers may be loyal to the product.
because customers tend to buy certain products
over and over again.
as customers many not want to consume similar
product.
because customers can switch from one product to
another.

I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
 16 고1

[연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 41~42번] [연계문항 2023년 9월 교육청(고1) 43~45번]

45.
zb4 5) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 46.
z b4 6) 다음 (A)~(C)가 어법상 적절히 짝지어진 것은?
적절한 곳을 고르시오.
Long ago, an old man built a grand temple at the
Food coming from a distance can actually be center of his village. People traveled to worship at
better for the climate, depending on how it was the temple. So the old man made arrangements for
grown. food and accommodation inside the temple itself. He
needed someone who could look after the temple, so
he put up a notice: Manager (A) need / needed.
Claims that local food production cut greenhouse
Seeing the notice, many people went to the old man.
gas emissions by reducing the burning of
But he returned all the applicants after interviews,
transportation fuel are usually not well founded. (
telling them, “I need a qualified person for this
) Transport is the source of only 11 percent of
work.” The old man would sit on the roof of his
greenhouse gas emissions within the food sector, so
house every morning, watching people go through
reducing the distance that food travels after it leaves
the temple doors. One day, he saw a young man (B)
the farm is far less important than reducing wasteful
come / came to the temple. When that young man
energy use on the farm. ( ) For example,
left the temple, the old man called him and asked,
field­grown tomatoes shipped from Mexico in the
“Will you take care of this temple?” The young man
winter months will have a smaller carbon footprint
was surprised by the offer and replied, “I have no
than local winter tomatoes grown in a greenhouse. In
experience caring for a temple. I’m not even
the United Kingdom, lamb meat that travels 11,000
educated.” The old man smiled and said, “I don’t
miles from New Zealand generates only one­quarter
want any educated man. I want a qualified person.”
the carbon emissions per pound compared to British
(C) Confusing / Confused, the young man asked, “But
lamb because farmers in the United Kingdom raise
why do you consider me a qualified person?” The old
their animals on feed (which must be produced using
man replied, “I buried a brick on the path to the
fossil fuels) rather than on clover pastureland. ( )
temple. I watched for many days as people tripped
When food does travel, what matters most is not the
over that brick. No one thought to remove it. But
distance traveled but the travel mode (surface versus
you dug up that brick.” The young man said, “I
air), and most of all the load size. ( ) Bulk loads
haven’t done anything great. It’s the duty of every
of food can travel halfway around the world by
human being to think about others. I only did my
ocean freight with a smaller carbon footprint, per
duty.” The old man smiled and said, “Only people
pound delivered, than foods traveling just a short
who know their duty and perform it are qualified
distance but in much smaller loads. ( ) For
people.”
example, 18­wheelers carry much larger loads than
pickup trucks so they can move food 100 times as (A) (B) (C)
far while burning only one­third as much gas per need come Confused
pound of food delivered.
needed came Confusing
needed come Confused
need came Confusing
needed came Confused

I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
 고1 17
주절의 주어는 ‘과학실험’이므로 a scientific
experiment이다. ‘완성된’은 complete이므로 ‘완성
되지 않는다’는 is not complete로 영작한다. ‘~때
까지’는 until이다. ‘결과’는 the results이다. ‘~되
1 2 3 4 서술형 5
다’로 영작해야 하므로 수동태를 이용한다. 따라서
6 7 8 9 10 ‘have been published and understood’로 영작
한다.
11 12 13 14 15
[출제의도] 문장을 조건에 맞게 영작한다.
16 17 18 서술형 19 20
5)
21 22 서술형 23 24 서술형 25 [정답]
[해설] 과거에 우리는 한쪽에만 유리한 협상 방식을 배웠
26 27 28 29 30
지만, 오늘날처럼 상호 의존적인 사회에서는 양측에
31 서술형 32 33 34 35 게 모두 유리한 협상을 하는 것이 좋다는 점을 설명
하는 글이다. 따라서 ‘오늘날의 세상에서 협상은 양
36 37 38 39 40
측에 이익을 가져와야 한다’가 글의 주제로 가장 적
41 42 43 44 45 절하다.
[출제의도] 글의 주제를 파악한다.
46
6)
[정답]
[해설] 번 보기 이전까지는 다른 문화적 배경으로부터
1)
의 노동자들과 현지 주민의 상호 작용이 가져오는
[정답]
장점을 설명한다. 그러나 번 이후부터는 단점에
[해설] (A) 실험이 안내를 ‘받는’ 것이므로 수동을 나타
대해 서술되고 있으므로 주어진 문장 ‘이것은 어느
내는 과거 분사 guided가 정답이다. / (B) [ask +
정도까지만 장점이다’는 에 들어가야 문맥상 적절
A + to 부정사]는 ‘A가 ~하도록 요청하다’라는 뜻이
하다.
므로 to recommend가 정답이다. / (C) look
[출제의도] 문장의 위치를 파악한다.
forward to 뒤에는 (동)명사가 오므로 hearing이
정답이다. 7)
[출제의도] 어법상 적절한 단어를 찾는다. [정답]
[해설] construction은 명사이고 뒤에 나온 something
2)
도 명사이다. 명사 뒤에 접속사 없이 명사가 바로
[정답]
나오는 것은 어법상 어색하다. construction ~
[해설] (A) 바위에 손으로 잡을 곳이 ‘없었다’는 뜻이 돼
itself가 a society를 수식하는 분사구문이 되어야
야 한다. ‘barren of’가 ‘~이 없는’이므로 barren이
하므로 construction을 constructing으로 고쳐야
정답이다. / (B) 팔이 떨린 것은 극도의 피로로 인
한다.
한 것이므로 exhaustion이 정답이다. / (C) 글쓴이
[출제의도] 어법상 어색한 곳을 찾는다.
는 위험한 상황에 처했으므로 몸이 ‘공포’로 얼어붙
었다는 것이 적절하다. 따라서 fright가 정답이다. 8)
[출제의도] 문맥상 적절한 단어를 고른다. [정답]
[해설] [each of + 복수 명사]의 형태가 어법상 적절하
3)
므로 year를 years로 고친다.
[정답]
[출제의도] 어법상 어색한 곳을 찾는다.
[해설] 우리 일상에서 다른 사람들이 괴로워할 때 연민과
걱정을 보이고 어려운 결정을 내릴 때 자제력, 용 9)
기, 정직을 보여야 한다고 설명하고 있다. 즉 자녀 [정답]
들에게 본인들의 행동으로 ‘모범’을 보이라는 의미이 [해설] ， ， ， 는 모두 Bill Evans를 지칭한다.
므로 빈칸에는 examples가 가장 적절하다. 그러나 은 작곡가 George Russell을 지칭한다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 단어를 찾는다. [출제의도] 지칭하는 대상을 추론한다.

4) 10)
[정답] A scientific experiment is not complete until [정답]
the results have been published and [해설] 스포츠팀 경영 임원진들은 그들의 분야에서 전문
understood. 가이지만, 다른 직종과는 달리 그들의 업무 분야에
[해설] 주절 ‘과학실험은 완성되지 않는다’와 부사절 ‘결 관한 충고와 피드백을 받는다고 설명하는 글이다.
과가 출판되고 이해될 때까지’로 나눠서 영작한다.

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시 ◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
1) 제작연월일 : 2023-09-12 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다. 법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
18 고1

따라서 글의 요지는 ‘스포츠 경영 임원들은 사람들 기를 가질 수 있는 그들의 능력에 초점을 맞춘다는

에게 비난과 충고를 받는다’라고 볼 수 있다. 것이 적절하다. later는 ‘나중에’라는 뜻이므로 ‘최신
[출제의도] 글의 요지를 파악한다. 의’라는 뜻의 형용사 latest로 고쳐야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 어색한 단어를 찾는다.
11)
[정답] 16)
[해설] 아이들은 이사할 때 스트레스를 특히 많이 받으므 [정답]
로 이에 어떻게 대처해야 하는지를 설명하는 글이 [해설] 감각 신경이 운동 신경에 연결되어 근육이 고
다. 그런데 는 ‘또한 아이들이 그들의 방을 어떻 통을 주는 물체로부터 발을 떼어 들어올리게 한다.
게 꾸밀지 결정하게 하는 것이 중요하다’라는 의미 [출제의도] 글의 내용을 파악한다.
이므로 글의 흐름상 적절하지 않다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 어색한 문장을 고른다. 17)
[정답]
12) [해설] 번 보기 앞 문장에 많은 경우 결정이 완벽한
[정답] 모양을 허용하지 않는 방식으로 형성된다는 문장이
[해설] 비행기에서는 조종사가 통제를 하고 승객은 그렇 나왔다. 이 문장 다음에 어떤 경우 결정이 완벽한
지 못하므로 잠재적인 승객들이 두려움을 느낀다고 모양을 허용하지 않는지에 관한 예시가 제시되는 것
설명하고 있다. 그러므로 빈칸에는 ‘통제력의 부족이 이 적절하다. 따라서 주어진 문장 ‘조건이 너무 차
이러한 두려움의 원인이다’가 들어가야 적절하다. 갑거나, 너무 뜨겁거나, 혹은 원천 물질이 충분하지
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 문장을 추론한다. 않으면 이상하고 뒤틀린 모양을 형성할 수 있다’는
에 들어가야 한다.
13) [출제의도] 문장의 위치를 파악한다.
[정답]
[해설] (A) 인간은 상상 속의 사다리에 인간을 둔다고 했 18)
으므로 인간이 다른 동물들과의 유사성을 ‘경시한다’ [정답] The vibration of the wood creates more
는 것이 적절하다. 따라서 downplay가 적절하다. / powerful waves in the air pressure, which
(B) 인간은 동물과의 유사성을 경시하고 동물과 거 travel away from the guitar.
리를 둔다고 했으므로 까마귀와 침팬지가 도구를 만 [해설] 주어는 ‘그 나무의 진동’이므로 The vibration of
들 수 있는 점을 보여주는 증거를 인류의 도구 제작 the wood이다. 동사 ‘만들어 내다’이므로 create를
과 질적으로 ‘다르다’고 해석한다는 것이 적절하다. 사용하는데 주어가 3인칭 단수이고 시제가 현재이므
따라서 different가 정답이다. / (C) 인간은 동물의 로 creates로 고쳐서 사용한다. 목적어는 ‘더 강력
지능을 본능으로 치부하는데 이를 ‘언어적 거세’라고 한 파동’이므로 more powerful waves이다. ‘공기
했다. 따라서 이것이 동물로부터 ‘힘을 빼앗기’ 위해 의 압력에’는 전치사 in을 사용하여 in the air
언어를 사용하는 방식이라는 게 적절하다. 따라서 pressure로 만든다. ‘기타로부터 멀리 퍼진다’는
disempower가 정답이다. more powerful away를 주어로 하는 계속적 관계
[출제의도] 문맥상 적절한 단어를 고른다. 대명사 절로 만들어야 한다. 따라서 which를 사용
하는데 계속적 용법이므로 앞에 반드시 콤마를 찍어
14) 야 한다. ‘멀리 퍼진다’이므로 동사는 travel away
[정답] from이고 from의 목적어는 the guitar이다.
[해설] Rosalie Fink는 자신들의 직업에서 매우 성공한 [출제의도] 문장을 조건에 맞게 영작한다.
성인 12명을 면담했는데, 그들에게는 모두 난독증이
있었다. Rosalie Fink는 그들에게 난독증이 있어서 19)
읽기를 피하거나 다른 전략으로 보완했을 것이라 생 [정답]
각했지만, 그들은 본인들의 관심사에 열정이 넘쳤고 [해설] 휴대용 디지털 기술로 인해 직장과 가정의 경계가
그것에 대해 더 많이 알아내기 위해 글을 열성적으 흐릿해지고 있다고 설명하며 직장과 가정을 분리하
로 읽었다는 점을 알아냈다고 했다. 이를 통해 학생 거나 통합하는 사람들의 모습을 각각 서술하는 글이
들이 관심을 가질만한 글을 제공하는 것이 참여와 다. 그러나 는 ‘당신이 무엇을 선택하든, 휴대용
성취에 핵심적이라는 것을 보여주는 글이다. 따라서 디지털 기술은 일과 가정 사이의 경계를 흐리며 더
‘학생들이 관심을 느낄 글을 제공하는 것이 성취로 큰 유연성을 제공한다’는 문장이므로 글의 흐름에
이어질 수 있다’가 글의 주제로 가장 적절하다. 적절하지 않다.
[출제의도] 글의 주제를 추론한다. [출제의도] 문맥상 어색한 문장을 고른다.

15) 20)
[정답] [정답]
[해설] 많은 사람이 자신이 얼마나 똑똑한지를 보여주기 [해설] 보완재는 종종 다른 제품과 함께 소비되는 제품이
를 원한다고 했다. 그러므로 어떤 사람은 ‘최신’ 기 라고 했고 예시로 든 램프와 전구는 ‘함께’ 소비되

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시 ◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
1) 제작연월일 : 2023-09-12 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다. 법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
 고1 19
어야 하는 제품이므로 separately를 together로 고 [출제의도] 문장을 조건에 맞게 영작한다.
쳐야 적절하다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 어색한 단어를 찾는다. 25)
[정답]
21) [해설] 내가 꼼짝 못하게 된 것을 발견한 것이므로 pin
[정답] 의 과거 분사형 pinned로 고쳐야 어법상 적절하다.
[해설] 어떤 사람들이 규범에서 약간 일탈하는 것을 사람 [출제의도] 어법상 어색한 곳을 찾는다.
들은 긍정적으로 판단하는데, 이는 그 사람이 그러
한 행동으로 인한 사회적 비용을 감수할 만큼 강하 26)
다는 것을 시사하기 때문이라고 했다. [정답]
[출제의도] 글의 내용을 파악한다. [해설] 아이들은 주변 사람들이 가치를 좇아 행동하고 유
지하는 것을 봄으로써 배우므로 자녀에게 행동으로
22) 삶의 모범을 보이라고 설명하는 글이다. 따라서 ‘아
[정답] Claims that local food production cut 이들에게 가치를 가르치는 데 있어서 부모의 모범의
greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the 힘’이 글의 제목으로 가장 적절하다.
burning of transportation fuel are usually not [출제의도] 글의 제목을 파악한다.
well founded.
[해설] 주어는 ‘로컬푸드 생산이 운송 연료의 연소를 줄 27)
임으로써 온실가스 배출을 줄였다는 주장’이다. [정답]
claims(주장)를 수식하는 동격의 that 절을 사용하 [해설] 과학 논문은 의도된 독자가 받아들이고 이해하지
여 주어를 만들어야 한다. ‘로컬푸드 생산이 온실가 않으면 쓸모가 없다고 설명하는 글이다. 그러므로
스 배출을 줄였다’는 ‘local food production cut 빈칸에는 ‘과학 실험은 결과가 출판되고 이해되기
greenhouse gas emissions’이다. ‘~함으로써’는 전까지는 미완성인 상태이다’가 들어가야 가장 적절
[by + ~ing]로 나타낸다. 따라서 ‘운송 연료의 연소 하다.
를 줄임으로써’는 ‘by reducing the burning of [출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 문장을 추론한다.
transportation fuel’로 영작한다. ‘근거가 있다’는
28)
‘be founded’로 나타내는데 ‘근거가 충분치 않다’는
[정답]
뜻이 돼야 하므로 are not well founded로 영작한
[해설] 관계대명사 which 뒤에는 불완전한 절이 오지만
다. ‘대개’는 be 동사 뒤에 빈도 부사 usually를 넣
‘you will probably not deal with that person
어 표현한다.
again.’는 완전한 절이다. 따라서 which를 관계부사
[출제의도] 문장을 조건에 맞게 영작한다.
where로 고쳐야 한다.
23) [출제의도] 어법상 어색한 곳을 찾는다.
[정답]
29)
[해설] 젊은이는 타인을 생각하는 것은 모든 인간의 의무
[정답]
라고 말했다. (It’s the duty of every human
[해설] (C) 다른 문화적 배경의 노동자들과 현지 주민의
being to think about others)
상호 작용은 긍정적인 효과가 있어 생산성을 증가시
[출제의도] 글의 내용을 파악한다.
킬 수 있지만 어느 정도까지만 이다. → (B) 배경의
24) 다양성이 너무 크다면 분열이 의사소통에 대한 과도
[정답] The goal of the fair is to encourage(또는 한 거래 비용을 초래하여 생산성을 오히려 저하시킨
encouraging) them to be interested in science 다. 관용적인 원주민은 다문화 지역을 가치 있게 여
through guided experiments. 길 수 있다. → (A) 반면에 원주민들이 다양성을 국
[해설] 주어는 ‘이 박람회의 목적’이므로 ‘The goal of 가 정체성이라고 생각하는 것에 대한 왜곡으로 인식
the fair’이다. 주어가 3인칭 단수이고 시제가 현재 한다면 다양성은 매력적이지 않은 특징으로 인식될
이므로 be 동사는 is를 사용한다. 보어는 ‘안내적 실 수 있다.
험을 통해 학생들이 과학에 관한 관심을 갖도록 장 [출제의도] 글의 순서를 파악한다.
려하는 것’이다. 따라서 encourage(장려하다)를 to
30)
encourage나 encouraging으로 고쳐서 사용해야
[정답]
한다. [encourag + A + to 부정사]가 ‘A가 ~하도
[해설] 글쓴이는 튀르키예의 Göbekli Tepe 조각상 예시
록 장려하다’이므로 ‘to encourage(encouraging)
를 들었는데, 이 조각상을 완성하기 위해 지구상 최
them to be interested in science’가 ‘과학에 관
초의 농업 사회를 이루게 되었다고 했다. 즉 인간의
심을 갖도록 장려하다’이다. ‘~을 통해’는 through
사회가 건물과 개발로 인해 형성되는 모습을 보여주
이다. 실험이 ‘안내되는’ 것이므로 guide를 과거 분
고 있으므로 빈칸에는 ‘우리는 우리가 만드는 건물
사형 guided로 고쳐서 guided experiments로 만
과 개발에 의해 형성된다는 점에 주목할 만하다’가
든다.

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시 ◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
1) 제작연월일 : 2023-09-12 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다. 법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
20 고1

들어가야 적절하다. 에게 최소한 불안감을 야기하는 선택을 한다는 문장

[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 문장을 추론한다. 이 나오므로 논리에 비약이 있다. 그러므로 주어진
문장 ‘만약 여러분이 위험을 감수할 것이라면, 특히
31) 여러분의 안녕을 혹시 포함할 수 있는 위험을 감수
[정답] only the 18-29 group showed a decrease in 할 것이라면, 여러분에게 dbl한 확률을 원하지 않겠
the percentage of people who reported using 는가?’는 에 들어가야 적절하다.
social media from 2015 to 2021. [출제의도] 문장의 적절한 위치를 파악한다.
[해설] 주어는 ‘18~29세 집단만이’이므로 only the
18-29 group이고 동사는 ‘보였다’이므로 showed이 36)
다. ‘감소’를 보여준 것이므로 목적어는 a decrease [정답]
이다. ‘사람들의 비율에서’는 in the percentage of [해설] 인간은 동물보다 유리한 위치를 유지하기 위해 동
people로 영작한다. ‘소셜 미디어를 사용한다고 보 물과의 유사성을 경시하고 동물과의 거리를 두기 위
고한’이 people을 수식해야 한다. 따라서 관계대명 해 기술적인 언어를 사용한다고 설명하는 글이다.
사 who를 사용하여 ‘who reported using social 따라서 ‘동물에 대한 인간의 우위를 유지하기 위한
media’로 만든다. ‘from A to B’가 ‘A부터 B까지’ 언어의 사용’이 글의 제목으로 가장 적절하다.
이므로 ‘2015년에서 2021년까지’는 ‘from 2015 to [출제의도] 글의 제목을 파악한다.
2021’이다.
[출제의도] 문장을 조건에 맞게 영작한다. 37)
[정답]
32) [해설] Rosalie Fink는 자신들의 직업에서 매우 성공한
[정답] 성인 12명을 면담했는데, 그들에게는 모두 난독증이
[해설] (A) Bill Evans가 플루트와 바이올린 수업받는 것 있었다. Rosalie Fink는 그들에게 난독증이 있어서
을 더한 것이므로 능동을 나타내는 현재 분사형 읽기를 피하거나 다른 전략으로 보완했을 것이라 생
adding이 적절하다. / (B) Bill Evans가 군복무를 각했지만, 그들은 본인들의 관심사에 열정이 넘쳤고
한 것이므로 능동을 나타내는 현재 분사형 serving 그것에 대해 더 많이 알아내기 위해 글을 열성적으
이 정답이다. / (C) 음반(recordings)은 만들어지는 로 읽었다는 점을 알아냈다고 했다. 이를 통해 학생
것이므로 수동을 나타내는 과거 분사 made가 적절 들이 관심을 가질만한 글을 제공하는 것이 참여와
하다. 성취에 핵심적이라는 것을 보여주는 글이다. 따라서
[출제의도] 어법상 적절한 단어를 찾는다. ‘학생들의 관심과 열정에 맞는(in harmony with)
글을 제공하는 것이 참여와 성취에 중요하다
33) (important, crucial)’로 글을 요약할 수 있다.
[정답] [출제의도] 글의 내용을 요약한다.
[해설] (A) ‘특화된(전문적인)’ 학위이므로 specialized가
적절하다. / (B) 아무런 ‘전문 지식’이 없는 낮천 사 38)
람들로부터 충고를 듣는다는 뜻이므로 expertise가 [정답]
정답이다. / (C) 스포츠 경영 임원진들은 자신의 ‘각 [해설] 많은 사람에게 능력이란 지적 능력을 뜻하므로 자
각의’ 분야에서 수십 년의 지식과 경험을 가지고 있 신이 하는 모든 것이 자신이 얼마나 똑똑한지를 보
다는 뜻이 돼야 하므로 respective가 정답이다. 여기를 원한다고 설명하며 그러한 예시를 들고 있
[출제의도] 문맥상 적절한 단어를 찾는다. 다. 그런데 는 ‘사람이 매력적이고 최신 유행을
따른다고 보이기를 바라는 것은 인간의 본능이다’라
34) 는 의미이므로 글의 흐름에 맞지 않는다.
[정답] [출제의도] 문맥상 어색한 문장을 고른다.
[해설] 아이들에게는 이사가 특히 스트레스가 심한 일이
므로 아이들이 새로운 곳에 적응하도록 도와야 하고 39)
아이들의 과거를 존중하는 방식으로 배경을 공유할 [정답]
기회를 가져야 한다고 설명하는 글이다. 따라서 ‘이 [해설] -thing으로 끝나는 명사는 형용사의 수식을 뒤에
사 동안 아이들을 지지하고 그들의 과거 경험을 존 서 받는다. politely는 부사로 명사를 수식할 수 없
중하는 것은 필수적이다’가 글의 주제로 가장 적절 으므로 형용사형 polite로 고쳐야 한다.
하다. [출제의도] 어법상 어색한 곳을 찾는다.
[출제의도] 글의 주제를 파악한다.
40)
35) [정답]
[정답] [해설] 뒷 문장에 일반적인 결정 습성이 사각형, 삼각형,
[해설] 자동차 사고로 사망할 확률은 약 5,000분의 1이 육면의 육각형을 포함한다고 했으므로 결정은 과학
고 비행기 사고로 사망할 확률은 1,100만분의 1에 자들이 ‘습성’이라고 부르는 ‘다양한’ 모양으로 나온
가깝다는 문장 다음 그러나 대부분의 사람들은 그들 다는 것이 적절하다. 따라서 ‘a variety of shapes’

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시 ◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
1) 제작연월일 : 2023-09-12 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다. 법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116
 고1 21
로 고쳐야 한다. 곳에서 오는 식품은 그것이 어떻게 재배되었느냐에
[출제의도] 문맥상 어색한 단어를 찾는다. 따라 실제로 기후에 더 좋을 수 있다’는 에 들어
가야 한다.
41) [출제의도] 주어진 문장의 위치를 파악한다.
[정답]
[해설] 기타 몸통 나무판의 진동은 공기의 압력에 더 강 46)
력한 파동을 만들어 내어 기타로부터 멀리 퍼진다. [정답]
(The vibration of the wood creates more [해설] (A) 사원에 관리인이 ‘요구되는’ 것이므로 수동을
powerful waves in the air pressure, which 나타내는 needed가 정답이다. / (B) 지각 동사의
travel away from the guitar) 목적어와 목적 보어의 관계가 능동이므로 동사 원형
[출제의도] 글의 내용을 파악한다. come을 쓰는 것이 적절하다. / (C) 젊은이가 ‘혼란
스러워진’ 것이므로 수동을 나타내는 과거 분사
42) Confused가 정답이다.
[정답] [출제의도] 어법상 적절한 단어를 찾는다.
[해설] 직장과 가정을 분리하는 것을 선호하는 사람들은
직장에서의 시간과 다른 역할에서의 시간 간에 더
확실히 구분하는 것을 선호하므로 ‘유연한’ 근로 시
간이 더 잘 적용될 것이다. 따라서 Fixed를
Flexible(유연한)로 고쳐야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 어색한 단어를 찾는다.

43)
[정답]
[해설] 운전자들이 차를 운전하려면 반드시 휘발유를 구
매해야 한다고 생각할 수 있지만 그들이 전기 자동
차로 바꿀 수 있다고 했다. 그러므로 ‘고객들이 한
제품에서 다른 제품으로 바꿀 수 있으므로’ 어떤 제
품이 완벽히 보완적이라고 가정하지 말라는 것이 적
절하다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 문장을 추론한다.

44)
[정답]
[해설] 정장 차림의 행사에서 어떤 남자가 빨간 나비 넥
타이를 맸을 때 그 남자가 더 높은 지위와 능력을
지닌 것으로 보여졌고 빨간 운동화를 신은 교수의
지위와 역량에 대해 청중들의 평가가 높아졌다고 했
다. 이러한 결과는 사람들이 규범에서의 약간의 일
탈을 긍정적으로 판단하는 것을 보여주는 데 규범에
서 약간 벗어난 행동을 한 사람이 그러한 행동으로
인한 사회적 비용을 감수할 만큼 충분히 강하다는
것을 보여주기 때문이라고 설명하는 글이다. 따라서
글의 주제는 ‘인식되는 지위와 능력에서의 의복 선
택의 영향’이다.
[출제의도] 글의 주제를 파악한다.

45)
[정답]
[해설] 겨울에 멕시코에서 수송된 밭에서 재배된 토마토
가 온실에서 재배된 현지의 겨울 토마토보다 탄소
발자국이 더 적은 것, 영국에서는 뉴질랜드로부터
11,000마일을 이동한 (목초지에서 기른) 양고기가
영국에서 사료로 기른 양고기보다 파운드당 탄소 배
출이 적은 것은 모두 먼 곳에서 오는 식품이 어떻게
재배되었는지에 따라 기후에 더 좋을 수 있다는 점
을 보여주는 예시들이다. 따라서 주어진 문장 ‘먼

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시 ◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
1) 제작연월일 : 2023-09-12 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
일부터 5년간 보호됩니다. 법적 책임을 질 수 있습니다.
I410-ECN-0199-2023-001-000255116