Voltage, current and resistance

Static Electricity
due to electric charge that Friction de used measured in Coloumbs (C)
-

Builds up when 2 insulating

can

builds up on the surface of materials are rubbed to create static

an insulator together electricity

the built up charge
-
one ends up with negative
charge positive +
positive repel
=

flow
can't easily
away
-
one ends up with positive
charge negative +
negative -
repel

A gold leaf electroscope can be

positive +
negative
=
attract
used to detect
charge

Charge and current

Current
-

measure of the rate

of flow of electric >
-
measured in

charge in a circuit
amps using ammeter current =
charge conventional

=
J
charge -
measured in coloumbs

ammeter must be electron

connected in series

Basic circuits : Voltage

Volt meter always goes parallel in a circuit v

electromotive force (Emf) -

energy supplied by a source in driving unit

charge around a complete circuit
voltage around things
that into the circuit
are
putting energy

total pd
.
= total emf
Potential difference (P d) .

voltage around things that are

removing energy

Voltage
-

The work done for

every coulomb of charge that flows around Work done
a circuit
(measured in volts) Charge
L

Current -
A
property of particles
giving a
quantity to their
positivity or
negativity
(measured in Coloumbs)

Rules"

Current is shared between each branch

4d is the same across all branches

Resistance -
lower overall
Resistors in series and parallel I = VR
V
Ri =
Ry + R2 +
...

measured I R
in 22 (ohms)

Resistors
in Parallel

+
) Resistance
is lower than Ri
=
rt +
the lowest
resistance
of the circuit

Current and voltage graphs

Fixed resistor

It

Has a constant increase .

Diode
Directly proportional
V- V+

I-

-
- Only allows
one
way and
current
blocks

current the other way

no
negative
current

Bulb
of the the resistance
It The longer the length wire
larger
The resistance increases

·
RXL
because the temperature
increases

-
VT

sectional the lower the resistance

larger the cross area
the

Ac lengthim
RC length
+
Ra
L

L
cross
sectional
area

Ra temperature

Cross sectional area (mm)

 Series Parallel

IFEnerges
In
If =
Iz =
Is
current
It In
= + 12
#Powe
current voltage (voits) Power
Va++= Vi Vz + Vatt =
Vi =
Ve
lamps)
voltage Workdone (1)
V Q- charge
t (C)

Paying for electricity voltage

=
Power
E = DxT
= kWh
t time kilowatt hour
energy
1 hw 1000W
=