Scribd
Upload
6 views16 pages

Kinetic Molecular Model

The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) explains the behavior of matter based on the motion of particles, which possess kinetic energy related to temperature. It outlines several postulates, including the constant motion of particles, the existence of intermolecular forces, and how phase changes occur with temperature variations. Intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole, and London dispersion forces, influence the properties of liquids, including surface tension, viscosity, and boiling point.

Uploaded by

angelicagcxxx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views16 pages

Kinetic Molecular Model

The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) explains the behavior of matter based on the motion of particles, which possess kinetic energy related to temperature. It outlines several postulates, including the constant motion of particles, the existence of intermolecular forces, and how phase changes occur with temperature variations. Intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole, and London dispersion forces, influence the properties of liquids, including surface tension, viscosity, and boiling point.

Uploaded by

angelicagcxxx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Kinetic Molecular Model

Quarter 3 – Week 1
Kinetic Molecular Theory

• Take a glass of water. Drop a few drops of red food


coloring in it. What happens? The red food coloring drops
should make their way down the glass of water slowly,
spread out and finally tint all of the water a reddish
color. Why does this happen?
• It happens because both substances are made out of
molecules that are constantly moving. These molecules
have energy; one of the fundamental principles of the
kinetic molecular theory.
Kinetic Molecular Theory

The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) is a model used to explain the behavior of
matter. It is based on a series of postulates.

Some of the postulates of KMT are as follows:

❖ Matter is made of particles that are constantly in motion. This energy in motion
is called kinetic energy.
❖ The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related to its temperature.
Some of the postulates of KMT are as follows:

❖ There is space between particles. The amount of space in between particles is


related to the substance's state of matter.

❖ Phase changes happen when the temperature of the substance changes


sufficiently.

❖ There are attractive forces in between particles called intermolecular forces.


The strength of these forces increase as particles get closer together.
• Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together
within a molecule. Intermolecular forces are forces that exist
between molecules.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES (IMF)

Are relatively weaker than the forces within the molecules forming bonds

(intramolecular forces) Intramolecular Forces hold atoms together in a

molecule. The intermolecular forces of attraction in a pure substance are

collectively known as van der Waals forces; Dipole-dipole, Hydrogen bonding,

Ion-dipole, London dispersion


ff are under the category of van der Waal forces:

❖ Dipole-dipole forces These forces occur when the partially positively charged part
of a molecule interacts with the partially negatively charged part of the neighboring
molecule.
❖ Hydrogen bonding This is a special kind of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs
specifically between a hydrogen atom bonded to either an oxygen, nitrogen, or
fluorine atom.
❖ Ion-dipole The ions and the oppositely charged ends of the polar water molecules
overcome the attraction between ions themselves.
❖ London dispersion forces These are the weakest of the intermolecular forces and
exist between all types of molecules, whether ionic or covalent—polar or nonpolar.
Dipole-dipole forces These forces occur when the
partially positively charged part of a molecule
interacts with the partially negatively charged part
of the neighboring molecule.
Hydrogen bonding This is a special kind of
dipole-dipole interaction that occurs specifically
between a hydrogen atom bonded to either an
oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom.
Ion-dipole The ions and the oppositely charged
ends of the polar water molecules overcome the
attraction between ions themselves.
London dispersion forces These are the weakest
of the intermolecular forces and exist between all
types of molecules, whether ionic or
covalent—polar or nonpolar.
The types of intermolecular forces in a liquid depend on the chemical make
up of the liquid itself. Strength of intermolecular force is related to the
type of intermolecular force, but it is also affected by the amount of kinetic
energy in the substance. The more kinetic energy, the weaker the
intermolecular forces. Liquids have more kinetic energy than solids, so the
intermolecular forces between liquid particles tend to be weaker. Liquids do
not have a simple or regular structure, but many of their properties can be
explained qualitatively by viewing them at the particulate level.
Below are the properties of liquids and their intermolecular forces:

❖ Surface tension allows needles and paper clips to float in water if placed
carefully on the surface.
❖ Capillary action is the tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow tubes or be drawn
into small openings such as those between grains of a rock.
❖ Viscosity. The viscosity of liquid depends on their intermolecular attraction.
The stronger the intermolecular force, the higher is the liquid’s viscosity.
❖ Boiling point. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor
pressure is equal to the external or atmospheric pressure .
❖ Molar Heat of vaporization ( Hvap ) is the amount of heat required to vaporize
one vap mole of substance at its boiling point.
QUIZ: Part 1
QUIZ: Part 1
QUIZ: Part 1

You might also like