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Lecture#3 & 4-PGV - PLanning and Design of EDB

The document outlines a refresher course on the planning and design of cable-stayed and extradosed bridges, led by P.G. Venkatram, an experienced bridge engineer. It covers various aspects such as load transfer mechanisms, planning considerations, investigations, material choices, span proportioning, and cable arrangements. Additionally, it provides statistics on bridge spans and configurations, emphasizing the importance of thorough geotechnical investigations and appropriate foundation selection.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

303 views43 pages

Lecture#3 & 4-PGV - PLanning and Design of EDB

Uploaded by

sub76muk

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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A CEAI Academy Programme

Refresher Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Planning and Design of Cable Supported Bridges

By
P G Venkatram
Mr P.G. VENKATRAM, Formerly the Chief Executive of L&T Infrastructure Engineering Limited, and
currently Chief Technology Officer in ASSYSTEM India Pvt. Ltd., has 40 years’ experience in design of all
kinds of bridges ranging from simple slab bridges to complex Cable stayed and extradosed Bridges.

He is a graduate in Civil Engineering from IIT, Madras and holds a Master’s degree from Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, and is currently a member of IRC B2, B4 and B9
committees which formulate the Standards for Bridge loading and Concrete Bridges designs. Currently
he is also a Professor of Practice in Bridge Engineering in IIT Madras since August 2020.

In his Professional career, he has designed Aqueducts, Chimneys, TV Towers, Natural Draught Cooling
Towers, Aircraft hangars and many long span bridges.

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 1

Behaviour
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Cable Stayed Bridge

Balanced Cantilever

Kali River Extradosed Bridge Mandovi Bridge,

Bridge, Karwar 144 m Goa

Third Narmada
Bridge, Bharuch
Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 2
Load Transfer in the Superstructure
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

1. Balanced Cantilever
a) 100% Live load effects through Flexure of the Concrete section including the
Internal Prestress
b) Minimal Fatigue effects on the Prestressing cables (100 % internal)
c) Deflection due to Live load entirely dependent on the Cross-section geometry and
the span stiffness.
2. Extradosed Bridges
a) 15 to 20 % Live load effects through extension of external stay like cables
b) Some fatigue effects on the External Prestressing cables.
c) Deflection due to Live load mostly dependent on the Cross-section geometry and
the span stiffness.
3. Cable stayed Bridges
a) 80% live load effects through extension of External Stay cables
b) Significant fatigue effects on the External Stay cables.
c) Deflection due to Live load mostly dependent on the Geometry of cables and their Cross-
sectional area.

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 3

Planning
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

1. Starts with the Bridge site requirement

2. Economic justification

3. Suitability of the choice with respect to the site topography

4. Constructability

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 4

Investigations
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

1. Standard Investigations such as Geotechnical, Topographic etc. are to be

supplemented by
a) Hydrological Model Studies
b) Site specific Seismic studies
c) Wind Tunnel Studies

These are necessary to develop a consistent and uniform Tender Conditions

and Specifications.

These are best done at the DPR stage as it’s the planning stage and hence
impact on the project execution is eliminated due to any study results.

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 5

Bridge Statistics
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

1. Cantilever Bridges
a) Longest Span – Yangtze River Bridge, China – 330 m
b) Smallest Span – Numerous but smallest around – 70 m

2. Extradosed Bridges
a) Longest Span – Golden Ears Bridge, Canada – 244 m
b) Smallest Span – Numerous but smallest around – 60 m

3. Cable Stayed Bridges

a) Longest Span – Russky Bridge, Russia – 1104 m
b) Smallest Span – Many possibility but smallest around – 70 m

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 6

The record Bridges …. For now
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Yangtze River Russky Bridge,

Bridge, China Russia
Golden Ears
Bridge, Canada

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 7

Material Choice – For the deck
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Extradosed Bridges
Invariably – Prestressed concrete Box girders of various proportions based
on functional requirements and construction convenience.

Cable Stayed Bridges

Depends upon the spans
a) For smaller spans (≤ 350 m) – Prestressed concrete Box girders
b) For medium spans ( > 350 m & ≤ 600 m) – Steel concrete composite section
c) For long spans (≥ 600 m) – Orthotropic Steel deck sections

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 8

Span Proportioning
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

This starts with the Main Span requirements, usually dictated by

1. Depth of foundations
2. Navigational requirements / Obstacle size
3. Length of the crossing

The side spans are then decided based on one of the following:
1. Economy
2. Clearances based on site conditions/ any obstacles below

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 9

Span Proportioning …
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

After the main spans are decided the side spans or the end spans,
whichever is the case, may be generally decided by the following general
guideline.

Cantilever Bridges – 0.65 to 0.80 of the main span

Extradosed Bridges – 0.45 to 0.69 of the main span

Cable Stayed Bridges – Depends upon the Superstructure material
For Steel deck – 0.33 of the main span
For Concrete deck – 0.42 of the main span

Point to Ponder – Why is this different for the different deck

arrangements?
Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 10
Span Proportioning …
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

1. Cantilever Bridges
a) Span to Depth Ratio – Support – 1/16 to 1/20
b) Span to Depth Ratio – Midspan – 1/30 to 1/50

2. Extradosed Bridges
a) Span to Depth Ratio – 1/30 to 1/50
b) Upper Pylon to Span ratio – 1/8 to 1/12

3. Cable Stayed Bridges

a) Span to Depth Ratio – 1/50 to 1/250
b) Upper Pylon to Span ratio – 1/4 to 1/5
Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 11
Deck Cross Sections
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

It obviously depends upon the functional requirements.

a) Dual carriageways with very wide decks are better handled with
independent structures for long term maintenance considerations
b) Economic arrangements are always with a single deck for both
carriageways
c) Wide decks even for moderate spans for Extradosed Bridges challenge
the construction quality control requirements due to larger design
forces.

In India today we have deck widths ranging from 10 m for a two-lane

carriageway to 34 m wide for 8 lanes carriageway.
Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 12
Deck Cross Sections
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 13

Cable Arrangements – In Cross-section
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Fundamentally two types Lateral Cables - Third

1. Lateral Narmada Bridge, Bharuch
2. Central
Central Cables - Second
Vivekananda Bridge, Kolkata

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 14

Cable Arrangements – In Cross-section
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Choice depends upon the following

1. Functional requirements of the deck
2. Structural Stability

1. Lateral cables are automatic choice in an undivided carriageway

deck
2. Lateral cables are preferred choice in case the deck is not
sufficiently rigid torsionaly.
3. Central cables are more efficient in the overall sense; however,
this must be supported by a torsionaly rigid deck
Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 15
Cable Arrangements – In Cross-section
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Lateral Cables – Undivided Central Cables – Divided

carriageway carriageway / lines

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 16

Cable Arrangements – In Cross-section
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Central Cables –
Torsionaly Stiff Box
Mandovi Bridge, Goa

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 17

Cable Arrangements – In Cross-section
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Naini Bridge, Prayagraj

Lateral Cables – Wide Deck

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 18

Cable Arrangements – In Elevation
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Fundamentally three types Fan Type

1. Fan Type
2. Harp Type
3. Semi Fan type
Harp Type
Semi -fan Type

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 19

A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Fan Type Harp Type

Semi-fan Type

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 20

Cable Arrangements – In Elevation
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges

Creating Value Ethically 7th September 2024 21

Cable Arrangements – Connection with Pylon
A CEAI Academy Course on Cable Stayed & Extradosed Bridges