October 2021

The 3rd National Risk Assessment

Infrastructure on the Brink
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 2

Contents

Overview Contiguous United States

Abstract..........................................................................................................3 Alabama........................ 19 Maine............................. 68 Oklahoma...................119

Introduction...................................................................................................4 Arizona.......................... 22 Maryland....................... 71 Oregon.......................122

Measuring flood risk vulnerability .............................................................5 Arkansas........................ 25 Massachusetts.............. 74 Pennsylvania..............125

Methodology................................................................................................7 California....................... 28 Michigan....................... 77 Rhode Island.............128

Results............................................................................................................9 Colorado....................... 31 Minnesota..................... 80 South Carolina...........131

Implications.................................................................................................17 Connecticut.................. 34 Mississippi.................... 83 South Dakota.............134

Delaware....................... 37 Missouri......................... 86 Tennessee..................137

District of Columbia.... 40 Montana........................ 89 Texas...........................140

Florida........................... 41 Nebraska....................... 92 Utah............................143

Georgia......................... 44 Nevada.......................... 95 Vermont.....................146

Idaho............................. 47 New Hampshire........... 98 Virginia.......................149

Illinois............................ 50 New Jersey.................101 Washington...............152

Indiana.......................... 53 New Mexico................104 West Virginia.............155

Iowa............................... 56 New York.....................107 Wisconsin...................158

Kansas........................... 59 North Carolina............110 Wyoming...................161

Kentucky....................... 62 North Dakota..............113

Louisiana....................... 65 Ohio.............................116
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 3

Abstract

Changing environmental conditions are driving proximity to flooding to personal evaluations of infrastructure facilities are at risk today (17%), Click here to access the data presented in this
worsening flood events, with consequences for flood risk, providing an expanded increasing to 77,843 by 2051 (19% and an report.
counties, cities, towns, and local understanding of risk based on the impact of increase of 9% over that time period).
communities. Individuals whose homes were flooding to the broader environment
spared the impact of a particular flood event surrounding a home. This report accesses
are increasingly likely to find their local roads, risk to: (1) residential properties; (2) roads; (3)
businesses, critical infrastructure, utilities, commercial properties; (4) critical infrastructure % change in risk from 2021-2051
or emergency services affected by flooding, (airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations,
indirectly threatening their quality of life, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous
10

safety, and wellbeing. A truly comprehensive waste sites, water outfalls, and wastewater
understanding of individual flood risk from a treatment facilities); and (5) social
changing climate must therefore consider the infrastructure (government buildings, historic
resiliency of local communities to flood, and buildings, houses of worship, museums, and
8

determine the extent to which physical and soft schools). Risk in this report is quantified as the
infrastructure are at risk. unique level of flooding for each infrastructure
type relative to operational thresholds, as
Providing a holistic understanding of flood established by the federal government and
6

risk at both the individual property level and other authoritative bodies.

% change
broader community level allows homeowners,
community leaders, and local governments a At a high level, this report finds that risk to
wide angle lens through which to assess residential properties is expected to increase 4

flooding and its physical, economic, and social by 10% over the next 30 years with 12.4 million
impacts. It further serves to expand the properties at risk today (14%) and 13.6 million
conceptual framework within which at risk of flooding in 2051 (16%). Additionally,
communities analyze and understand flood risk, 2.0 million miles of road (25%) are at risk today 2

from risk to individual homes and properties, and that is expected to increase to 2.2 million
to entire neighborhoods, cities, zip codes and miles of road (26%) over the next 30 years (a 3%
counties. Arming leaders and individuals with increase over the next 30 years). Commercial
this information provides the insights necessary properties are expected to see a 7% increase in 0

to take mitigating actions. risk of flooding from 2021 to 2051, with 918,540
at risk today (20%) and 984,591 at risk of
Category Number at Number at Change in category
This report will provide the first ever flooding in 30 years (21%). Currently, 35,776 risk 2021 risk 2051
nation-wide understanding of community critical infrastructure facilities are at risk today Residential 12.4M 13.6M 1.2M more residential properties at risk

vulnerability to flooding, taking into account the (25%), increasing to 37,786 facilities by 2051 Roads 2M 2.2M 200K more miles of roads at risk

impact of a changing climate over the next 30 (26% and a 6% increase in risk). Compounding Commercial 900K 990K 66K more commercial properties at risk
Infrastructure 35K 38K 2K more pieces of critical infrastructure at risk
years. It will add the critical new dimension of that risk, 71,717 pieces of social
Social 771K 78K 6K more social infrastructure properties at risk
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 4

Introduction

Reliable infrastructure is essential to the energy crises, and terrorism, but climate Change (IPCC) framework, flood risk can be 20,000 unique flood adaptation measures. The
economic prosperity, sustainability, and change has a higher probability of significant expressed as a function of flood hazard (H), First Street data provides parcel-level flood risk
security of communities across the United impact on the Nation’s infrastructure (NCA4, exposure (E), and vulnerability (V) (IPCC6, 2021). information for the four major flood types (tidal,
States (Brooklings, 2015; CISA, 2019) . 2018). With an increasing number of flooding Flood hazard (H) can be further divided into pluvial, fluvial, and surge) at six explicitly
Infrastructure in this respect encompasses events making U.S. headlines, there is a greater location, probability, frequency, and seasonality modeled return periods while accounting for
a wide range of public and private facilities awareness of the economic and human cost that of flooding events as a result of climate change. the mitigating effects of levees, dams, open
including roads, utilities, emergency services, flood-damaged infrastructure can produce. For Currently, considerable work has been done to spaces, and other flood adaptation measures.
public services, social/cultural institutions, and instance, Hurricane Sandy flooded hospitals, analyze the exposure (E) of property and With high resolution data at the property level,
various property level land use types. crippled electrical substations, overwhelmed infrastructure to flood hazard. National level this study is able to estimate the flood risk to
According to the American Society of Civil waste water treatment centers, and shut down flood risk assessments focused on each infrastructure element from its joined
Engineers (ASCE), U.S. infrastructure is in power and water to tens of millions of people infrastructure are relatively rare. In 2007, the parcel or building footprint.
mediocre condition, showing signs of (U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, Federal Emergency Management Agency
deterioration and increasing vulnerability and Transportation, 2012). More recently, the (FEMA) -- the federal agency tasked with In the development and analysis of the
(ASCE 2021). Indeed, ASCE estimates that more impact of Hurricane Ida stretched across the managing the nation’s disaster risk -- Community Risk level, it was found that there
than 21,000 bridges are susceptible to country crippling the electrical grid in southern announced a design Guide for Improving are significant differences at the county and city
“overtopping or having their foundations Louisiana, flooding the transportation Critical Facility Safety from Flooding and High level in the amount of risk that exists today and
undermined during extreme storm events” infrastructure in the NYC metro area, and killing Wind (FEMA, 2007). On the vulnerability (V) into the future. Most importantly, there are a
(ASCE 2021). As a changing climate alters the nearly 100 people. It is clear, now more than dimension, there are several studies computing group of counties and cities that have persistent
frequency and severity of extreme weather ever, that the ways and places in which we live the Social Vulnerability Index (So-VI) for the patterns of vulnerability across multiple
events, deteriorating infrastructure and the are likely to continue to be impacted by our whole U.S. at the tract or county level dimensions of physical risk from flooding.
communities they serve will be especially changing environment. One of the most (USC-Hazards and Vulnerability Research These areas tend to be in regions with well-
vulnerable. Therefore, it is essential that critical important implications in this development is Institute, 2014). Globally, some studies estimate established flood risk, such as coastal flood
infrastructure systems are maintained to the the vulnerability of our national infrastructure. the flood risk of infrastructure focused on plains along the Gulf and Southeastern coasts
highest standards and that disaster That being said, no high-precision specific cities and regions, but such of the U.S., but also in less well-known flood
preparedness, response, and recovery are top infrastructure analysis has been undertaken assessments are not as common in the U.S. zones, such as in the Appalachian Mountain
priorities for risk managers and policymakers. across the entire country. In studies that do aim regions of West Virginia and Kentucky. To that
While the risk score introduced in this report to assess national level resilience and The objective of this study is to assess point, 17 of the top 20 counties in the U.S.
does not account for infrastructure vulnerability, infrastructure vulnerability is aggregate flood risk to U.S. infrastructure, which are most at risk (85%) are in the states of
susceptibility to failure, it does include a often included as an important factor (OECD, focusing on holistic impacts to communities Louisiana, Florida, West Virginia, and Kentucky.
measure of operational threshold risk and 2014). Only with a complete assessment of such as through residential properties, roads, Additionally, the top cities at risk of flooding
severity to help local communities understand flood risk to infrastructure -- especially critical commercial properties, critical infrastructure, persistently show up in the states of Louisiana,
their risk and the most critical needs for infrastructure essential to human health and and social facilities. This was made possible by Florida, Texas, and South Carolina. The analysis
protecting that infrastructure. economic activity -- and targeted investment taking advantage of newly available parcel- further uncovered a high degree of vulnerability
and improvements can the U.S. hope to avoid level flood risk information from the First Street in some of the major population centers in the
In the United States, many infrastructure significant economic loss. Foundation Flood Model (FSF, 2020a; FSF, U.S., including New Orleans, Miami, Tampa,
discussions over the past 20 years have been 2020b; FSF, 2021), including the integration Charleston, Chicago, and Los Angeles.
centered around possible physical attacks, According to the International Panel on Climate of a first-of-its-kind national database of over
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 5

Measuring flood risk vulnerability

To inform the development of the Community economy/commercial property flood risk (over
Risk level, a survey was conducted using a 2/3’s of respondents reported at least
purposive sample (n = 250). The results of the moderate concern) and social infrastructure
survey indicated that the most made up of community buildings (over ½
important consideration for respondents of respondents reported at least moderate
around the dangers of flood risk is the safety concern). Unlike the direct impact on safety
Top 5 Non-Residential Flood Risk Concern; Flood Factor Survey Results
of their family, home, and property. Beyond that was identified in the previous paragraph,
that, a series of dimensions were identified as concerns over risk to the commercial and social
being important to the survey respondents in infrastructure in the community align with (1) 40%
regards to their local community and the risk of quality of life issues and (2) the inability of the
flooding in that community. community to support the local labor force
(including job losses from closures) or the
The first dimension that arose from the survey places in which the local community has
responses was the importance of emergency developed a sense of belonging (including 30%

services and utility impact, with over 60% of local schools, churches, museums, etc.). In
respondents indicating that they were “Very these cases the primary concern is not about
Concerned” or “Extremely Concerned” with the safety rather than the vulnerability of
risk of flooding to these community services. infrastructure that is part of the community
Similarly, road flooding scored very high with members’ day-to-day lives. 20%

over 50% of the survey respondents reporting

that they were “Very Concerned” or “Extremely Insights from the survey outlined above
Concerned”. The concern over critical assisted the development and improvement
infrastructure and road flooding further ties of First Street Foundation’s ability to quantify
into a more qualitative sentiment that emerged flood risk vulnerability at a community level in 10%

from the survey in which respondents indicated a way that resonates with both individuals and
a concern for their safety and access to public local government officials. Most
services that provided a sense of security. importantly, these results allowed for the
Vulnerability to local hospitals, police stations, selection of dimensions from which to base the
fire stations, power stations, water treatment Community Risk level. Nevertheless, there are 0

facilities, and roads seemed to resonate very still significant methodological challenges Emergency services* Utilities† Roads ‡ Local economy § Community ¶

well as operational representations of the associated with the development of the scales
critical infrastructure that these respondents used to create a single, national-scale, Not at all concerned *Emergency services (hospitals, police stations, fire stations)
aligned with in terms of safety and the ability to community risk assessment indicator. In an Slightly concerned †Utilities (power stations, water treatment plants, hazardous waste sites)
be responsive in an emergency. attempt to address these challenges, the Moderately concerned ‡Roads in the area or around emergency services and shelters
Community Risk level presented in this report Very concerned §Local economy from homes or commercial buildings that might flood

Other dimensions that arose from the includes the following advancements: Extremely concerned ¶Community buildings (churches, museums, government buildings)

survey included concern for the local

The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 6

Measuring flood risk vulnerability

High Resolution Input Multi-Source Flood Hazard Multi-Return Period Hazard Operational Threshold Future Facing Risk
Data Information Information Integration

The development of a national scale The integration of multiple sources The integration of a probabilistic The integration of empirically The integration of the FSF-FM further
vulnerability assessment indicator of flooding in the creation of a high approach to physical risk derived thresholds identified by the allows for the analysis of risk today
created with high resolution data. resolution, nationally consistent, flood associated with the magnitude of federal government (like FEMA and and 30 years into the future. By
This high resolution data comes in the hazard estimate. In the absence of expected flooding and the NOAA) and authoritative bodies employing the same flood modeling
form of both the flood hazard data, a fully-integrated flood hazard tool, probability of the occurrence of that (like the American Society of Civil methodology in the development of
which is sourced from the First Street previous risk score development flooding. This approach allows for a Engineers) to determine the levels of current and future flood risk layers,
Foundation Flood Model (FSF-FM; efforts have had to rely on consistent view of flood hazard risk flooding at which various this analysis is able to isolate the
Bates, et. al 2021); and property single-source national hazard layers that varies by location based on the infrastructure types become effect of a changing environment and
specific spatial parcel data sourced (surge, riverine, rainfall, or tidal), or unique flood profile of the local area, inoperable. To date, where national its impact on a community holding
from county-level property some combination of these as opposed to alternative approaches level physical risk is assessed in the all development, population shifts,
assessment records, which were sources, leading to lower levels of which focus on a single probabilistic development of community risk and adaptation efforts constant. In
collected and standardized by a 3rd model fidelity. The FSF-FM hazard layer (for example, 1 in 100 year return indices, it only accounts for the essence, this integration allows for the
party data provider. This high estimate used in this analysis is a fully period) or do not have the inclusion of infrastructure inside of identification of areas, and
resolution data adds additional integrated flood hazard assessment consistency to measure probability of flood zone extents, which themselves infrastructure, that is most prone to
precision to the model that other indicator which includes flooding from risk at national scale. are usually problematic (see point 3). flooding today and into the future.
hazard layers do not allow for at a fluvial, pluvial, and coastal sources, The inclusion of operational By presenting risk in this way, local
national scale. Additionally, the enabling a more accurate thresholds, along with the use of communities are able to make better
availability of the parcel-level data understanding of physical high-precision probabilistic flood informed decisions about where
provides the ability to explicitly assign vulnerability to flood risk across layers, allows for a more detailed and to allocate resources and planning
the risk of flooding to properties on a the country. meaningful assessment of risk in a way initiatives for their unique climate and
property-by-property basis that are that most impacts the local topography.
categorized as residential property, populations through the
roads, commercial property, critical measurement of inoperability. By
infrastructure, and social relying on government and
infrastructure. authoritative definitions of
inoperability thresholds, risk can
further be standardized for Through the integration of these
community to community advancements, the underlying flood
comparisons. risk assessment indicator is
developed using the methods
outlined in the following section.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 7

Methodology

In order to conduct an analysis of risk at the community level, the Step 1: Expected Depth Calculation Category Dataset location

first step in the process is the operationalization of risk as it relates In the data development of the Community Risk level is to quantify Roads

to this analysis. For this study’s purposes, risk is identified as the the flooding risks to POIs for 2-year, 5-year, 20-year, 100-year, 250- Roads Source
exposure to flooding, using the First Street Foundation Flood year, and 500-year flood events in 2021 and 2051 (data processing
Infrastructure
Model (FSF-FM), to 5 dimensions of interest, including: takes place in five steps that are detailed in Figure 1 page 7), the
Airport: Point Source
expected depth is collected for each POI, or the centerline of
• Residential Properties disaggregated spatial segments in the case of roads. The expected Fire Station: Point Source

• Roads annualized depth in each year is the sum of the probabilities that Hospital: Point Source

• Commercial Properties relate to each flood magnitude multiplied by the flood depth using Police Station: Point Source
• Critical Infrastructure the equation presented here: Ports: Point Source
• Social Infrastructure
Power Station: Point Source

Hazardous Waste: Polygon Source

The data used to identify critical infrastructure, social infrastructure,
and roads were obtained from a combination of publicly available In the above equation, D and P show the depth and probability, Water Outfall Source

data sources (Table 1). To ensure that attributes are consistent and respectively, and i is the numerator for different return period Wastewater Treatment Plants: Point Source

meaningful across locations, both residential and commercial scenarios. Social

property data are obtained through a third party provider Government Building: Point Source
(Lightbox). These 5 dimensions make up the “Points of Interest” Step 2: Integration Operational Depth
Historic Building: Point Source
(POI). For more information on the underlying FSF-FM and the The Community Risk level determines the loss of operational
Worship: Point Source
climate adjustments used to estimate future flooding functionality for each POI through a process whereby type-specific
conditions, see Bates et.al. (2021). research has validated operational thresholds in the identification Museum: Point Source

of critical flooding levels (Table 2, with sources noted below). In this School: Point Source

Data Processing step, the primary concern is with the identification of a meaningful
impact depth based on the level of flooding the POI type is Table 1. Data sources used to analyze the impact of
In order to obtain measurements for each POI, all dimensional generally built to withstand based on federal and local building infrastructures and roads
features must first be assigned to a spatial location. Much of the standards. To identify the impact depth, half of the
data was already spatial in the form of points on a map, road operational threshold is subtracted from the individual expected
networks, or parcel boundaries. For the remaining non-spatial depth (produced in Step 1), analyzing the difference in depth over
data, address matching was performed to tie each of the points of half of the functional threshold. Keeping the impact depth below
infrastructure to a spatial parcel in the national level parcel data set. the operational threshold indicates some infrastructures would
Data that contained a spatial component were spatially joined to still bear some risk to functionality before stopping operation, as
parcels in the national parcel file. One limitation here is that areas some functionality may be preserved even when inundated. This is
with no parcel data will have no infrastructure feature data. After important as past research shows that flooding to the surrounding
the spatial join and address matching are completed, areas also begins to limit access and operation of infrastructure
measurements of risk are taken using different techniques based before the structure itself is completely non-operational (see
on the POI type and operational threshold. McAlpine and Porter 2018 for an example).
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 8

Methodology

Step 3: Standardization of Functional Depths used, a straightforward normalization technique common in social Step 5: Overall Community Risk Score Calculation
The Community Risk level requires a data transformation given indicators research (Tarabusi and Guarini, 2012) to normalize the The Community Risk level entails the combination of the 5
the highly right-skewed nature of the flood depths associated with logged transformed variable into a 0 to 1 standardized scale in dimensional scores created in Step 4 in a single overall
the fact that many POIs have zero or very little flooding. In order to which the 0 represents those with no risk of flooding, while a 1 indicator of standardized local risk, which is referred to as Overall
transform skewed data to approximately conform to normal represents those with the most risk of flooding. Upper and lower Community Flood Risk. These overall scores were created for all
distribution for further analysis, a log transformation on the bounds were applied as the minimum and maximum to remove four community aggregation levels and provide an overall view of
continuous outcome of the difference in expected depth over half outliers. The lower bound was 0.01 and the upper bound was 100, risk for each community level. Finally, the category scores that were
of the operational threshold is developed. Then min-max scaling is or -2 and 2 after the log transformation. These represent practical created as a product of the percentile summation, at each geo level
values for a minimum and maximum. This transformation is and for 2021 and 2051, were classified using natural breaks into
Infrastructure Infrastructure Operational
completed for both the current and future expected flood depths six categories for visualization purposes. For presentation, the final
type category threshold (ft) (2021 and 2051, respectively). Individual facilities are composite score at each geo level is computed using the same
Residential parcels Residential 0 assigned a distinct risk score based on the average of their method as each of the five dimensional categories, but using the
Roads Roads 0.5
normalized current and future expected flood depths, assigned average of the sum of all of the percentiles for each category and
based on five bins of equal width from 0 to 1, with a sixth then categorized into the following more qualitatively meaningful
Commercial Parcels Commercial 0
classification for those with no flooding. levels associated with relative flood risk as 0) minimal, 1) minor, 2)
Airport Infrastructure 1
moderate, 3) major, 4) severe and 5) extreme.
Fire Station Infrastructure 2 Step 4: Dimensional Risk level Calculation
Hospital Infrastructure 3.5 The Community Risk level is the aggregation
Police Station Infrastructure 1 of standardized scales created in the previous
Infrastructure Schools, Road Residential Commerical
Port Infrastructure 1
step to geographic levels of interest Step 1
historical bldgs. segments properties properties
Expected flood
(localities). In all, the indicators contained in depth for each
churches,
Power Station Infrastructure 2 govt. bldgs.,
the POI scales were aggregated to a total of 4 museums
Superfund Site Infrastructure 1
community level scores (including the
Water Outfalls Infrastructure 0 neighborhood, zip code, city/place, and
Step 2 Subtract by half of the operational threshold, implement log transformation
Wastewater Treatment Plant Infrastructure 0 county levels). The process of aggregation to
Government Building Social 0 each geographic level was further split by the
Step 3
Historic Building Social 0
5 dimensional categories (residential Normalized raw Infrastructure Social Roads Residential Commerical
properties, roads, commercial properties, score between 0-1
House of Worship Social 0
critical infrastructure, and social
Museum Social 0 Aggregate to geo level by summing up all the percentiles for each category -
infrastructure) and by year (2021 and 2051). Reclassify into 0-5 bins using even breaks
School Social 1 The dimensional community overall risk score Step 4
Category score
was ultimately computed by computing the Infrastructure Social Roads Residential Commerical
Table 2. Operational thresholds used sum of the percentiles of normalized expected
depths from 0 to 100 at intervals of 5 for each
Step 5
dimension, across all POIs in that dimension Composite score County
HAZUS thresholds are used for fire stations, hospitals, police stations, and power stations.
and in that location.
ASCE thresholds are used for superfund sites and schools.
FAA threshold is used for airports.
FEMA thresholds are used for wastewater treatment plants.
Figure 1. Data processing workflow
UNCTAD threshold is used for ports.
Weather.gov threshold is used for roads.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 9

Results

County Level Analysis

Greater
risk
The distribution of the physical risk impacts,
relative to the dimensions used in the
development of the Community Risk level, vary
widely across the U.S. (See Figure 2.).
However, predominant patterns of high risk
exist persistently in the coastal areas of the
Southeastern U.S. and along the Appalachian
Mountain region of the country. Specifically, the
highest concentration of community risk exists
in the states of Louisiana, Florida, Kentucky, and
West Virginia. To that point, 17 of the top 20 most
at risk counties in the U.S. (85%) are in these 4
states. Louisiana alone accounts for 8 of the top
20 most at risk counties (30%) and is home to the
most at risk county in the country, Cameron
Parish. (2) Monroe County, FL, (3) Terrebonne
Parish, LA, (4) Hyde County, NC, and (5)
McDowell County, WV round out the top 5
counties in regards to having the most risk to
physical infrastructure.

Figure 2. Overall risk by county (Percentiles within U.S.)

The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 10

Results

Greater
risk
Similar patterns exist for each of the 5 dimensions that
make up the overall Community Risk level,
which can be seen in the paneled maps in Figure 3.

Roads Infrastructure Social

Figure 3. County comparison for each dimension

(Percentiles within U.S.)

Identifies Percent of Facilities Flooding for each

Category within Each County)

Residential Commercial
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 11

Results

Table 3 lists the top 20 counties by overall risk located in the states of Florida and Louisiana. concentrated along the coast of FL (Miami-Dade,
across the U.S. inclusive of risk across Again, Lee County, FL; Miami-Dade County, FL; Lee, Broward, and Pinellas Counties) and in
dimensional impacts associated with residential and Fort Bend County, TX (Houston area) all fall the Houston, TX area (Harris and Fort Bend
properties, roads, commercial properties, critical outside of the top 20, but have over 50% of their Counties).
infrastructure, and social infrastructure. These 5 social infrastructure at risk of flooding.
dimensions are combined to produce the overall
risk ranking. However, the risk to each dimension A similar pattern exists when looking at the
varies from county to county. For instance, the distribution of risk for residential and commercial
top 4 counties in regards to infrastructure at risk properties from the top 20 list. In regards to % of properties with operational risk today
are all in Louisiana, but are spread residential properties, 4 of the top 5 in regards Rank County name State Residential Roads Commercial Infrastructure Social
throughout the top list presented in Table 3. to the percent of residential properties at risk are
Of those counties, Cameron (96.4%), Orleans again in the state of Louisiana, with the 5th 1 Cameron Parish LA 99.2 98.3 100 96.4 100

(94.5%), Jefferson (95.4%), and St. Bernard located in North Carolina. Orleans (100%), 2 Orleans Parish LA 100 98.5 99.9 94.5 100
(92.5%) all have over 90% of their physical Jefferson (100%), St. Bernard (99.9%), and 3 Jefferson Parish LA 100 97.5 100 95.4 100
infrastructure at risk of flooding today. Hyde Plaquemines (99.6%) top the list and are all
4 St. Bernard Parish LA 99.9 98.8 100 92.5 100
County, NC (94.1%) rounds out the top 5 located in the state of Louisiana, while Hyde
5 Hyde County NC 99.3 94.8 96.6 94.1 100
counties with relative infrastructure at risk. County, NC (99.3%) rounds out the top 5. In
Outside of the top 20 list, Harris County, TX regards to the percent of commercial properties 6 Plaquemines Parish LA 99.6 96.4 99.8 85.4 95.5

(Houston area); Miami-Dade County, FL; Broward at risk in the county, the top 5 from the list are 7 Terrebonne Parish LA 96.7 92.6 96.5 93.2 94.6

County, FL; Lee County, FL; and Pinellas County, all located in the state of Louisiana; Jefferson 8 Monroe County FL 98.5 89.4 97.5 82.5 97.5
FL (Tampa area) all have over 50% of their critical (100%), St. Bernard (100%), Cameron (100%), 9 St. Charles Parish LA 97 87.5 98.3 68.6 95.7
infrastructure at risk of flooding today. Orleans (99.9%), and Palquemines (99.8%). In
10 Charlotte County FL 87.7 82 86.8 76.6 92.9
regards to both residential and commercial
11 Sutter County CA 92.6 76.8 86.9 64.4 93.7
Similar results are found when examining the properties, Lee County, FL and Miami-Dade
top 5 counties in regards to social infrastructure, County, FL both fall outside of the top 20, but 12 Galveston County TX 79 83 80.9 80.5 84.8

percent of residential properties at risk, percent have over 50% of those respective properties at 13 Franklin County FL 86.7 77.2 93.3 68.2 82.1

of commercial properties at risk, and percent of risk of flooding. 14 Tyrrell County NC 81.3 79.5 84.5 66.7 87.5
roads at risk among the top 20 list. 15 St. John the Baptist Parish LA 92.6 72.6 95.6 55.2 80.9
In the final dimension of the percentage of roads
16 Poquoson city VA 78.4 84.2 72 66.7 84.6
In regards to the percent of social infrastructure at risk, the results again find that the top 5 are all
17 Glynn County GA 79 60.7 86.3 84 75.2
at risk, Cameron (100%), Orleans (100%), located in the state of Louisiana. While the order
St. Bernard (100%), and Jefferson (100%) is shuffled slightly, the top 5 counties are St. 18 Logan County WV 70.3 69.7 88.9 78.4 73.9

Parishes from Louisiana; and Hyde County, NC Bernard (98.8%), Orleans (98.5%), Cameron 19 McDowell County WV 64.1 60.4 87.9 85.4 71.2

(100%) make up the top 5 most at risk counties. (98.3%), Jefferson (97.5%), and Plaquemines 20 Johnson County KY 70.6 74 77.3 66.7 79.7
Nine of the top 10 most at risk counties for (96.4%). Outside of the top 20, counties with over
percent of social infrastructure at risk are all 50% of their roads at risk of flooding are
Table 3. Top 20 “most at risk” counties in the U.S.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 12

Results

City Level Analysis

Greater
risk
When examining risk within the city level, high
level patterns emerge that mimic those seen
at the county level, but with more of a focus on
population centers.

When shifting focus from counties to cites, again

a large percentage of the representation in the
top 20 list is made up of cities from the states of
Louisiana (3 cities) and Florida (6 cities). Among
those cities, the major population centers of New
Orleans, LA (ranked 2nd); Miami, FL (ranked 8th);
St. Petersburg, FL (ranked 12th); and Tampa,
FL (ranked 14th) all rank highly in the “most at
risk” cities list. Topping the list is Metarie, LA and
New Orleans, LA (two adjacent cities in the New
Orleans Metro Area), followed by Cape Coral,
FL; Fort Lauderdale, FL; and Charleston, SC. It
is notable that compared to the county list, the
city list includes more representation from the
mid-Atlantic, with Hampton, VA sitting outside
the top 10 most at risk cities, ranked 18th.
Additionally, the cities of Sacramento, CA;
Fresno, CA; and Eugene, OR highlight the risk in
cities on the West Coast.

Figure 4. Overall risk by city (Percentiles within U.S.)

The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 13

Results

Greater
risk

Roads Infrastructure Social

Figure 5. City comparison for each dimension

(Percent of infrastructure with operational risk)

Residential Commercial
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 14

Results

When examining the risk rankings by dimension, Houston, TX and Chicago, IL both fall outside of % of properties with operational risk today
the highest percentage of critical infrastructure the top 20 but have around 30% of their Rank City name State Residential Roads Commercial Infrastructure Social
at risk among this list of cities are in Metairie, residential and commercial properties within
LA (100%) and New Orleans, LA (94.5%). This is their city boundaries at risk of flooding. 1 Metairie LA 100 99.8 100 100 100

particularly interesting as both of these cities are 2 New Orleans LA 100 98.5 99.9 94.5 100
in the same Metro (New Orleans- Finally, the top 5 for the percentage of roads at 3 Cape Coral FL 89.6 93.8 95.6 87.5 94.1
Kenner-Metairie Metropolitan Area), meaning risk are Metairie, LA (99.8%); New Orleans, LA
4 Stockton CA 92 85.7 97.3 75.4 93.9
that there is a sizable concentration of population (98.5%); Cape Coral, FL (93.8%); Stockton, CA
5 Fort Lauderdale FL 79.5 79.6 78.7 83.6 74.3
and risk in a small geographic area. Cape Coral, (85.7%); and North Port, FL (81.6%). Ultimately,
FL (87.5%); Fort Lauderdale, FL (83.6%); and these results indicate a consistency in risk 6 Sacramento CA 68.9 73.2 66.8 67.6 70.6

Miami, FL (83.3%) round out the top 5 in regards associated with top cities at risk across the 5 7 Charleston SC 60 52.8 68.5 82.6 77.3

to critical infrastructure at risk. The top cities dimensions. Of note, Houston, TX (64.4%); 8 Miami FL 50.7 61.4 55.4 83.3 55.4
at risk for social infrastructure look very similar Miami, FL (61.4%); Charleston, SC (52.8%); and 9 North Port FL 50.9 81.6 66.5 50 37.3
with the exception of Stockton, CA (93.9%) and Pittsburgh, PA (33.7%) are all major cities that
10 Chattanooga TN 38.8 51 67.9 69.7 57.6
Charleston, SC (77.3%). Metairie, LA (100%); New have significant percentages of their road
11 Eugene OR 48.3 60.4 57.9 60 49
Orleans, LA (100%;, and Cape Coral, FL (94.1%) infrastructure at risk of flooding. While road
again highlight the persistent extreme physical infrastructure is unique in this analysis due to 12 St. Petersburg FL 48.2 64.7 36.6 65.6 44.4

risk to flooding that exists in these cities. Outside the fact that it is not building specific, previous 13 Santa Rosa CA 36.7 37.3 54.3 50 53.8

of the top 20, Houston, TX and Jacksonville, FL research has highlighted the disproportionate 14 Tampa FL 44.3 50.5 44.3 45.5 35.2
have over 50% of critical infrastructure at risk and effect that flooding on the road network has on 15 Mobile AL 25.9 41.4 40.6 71.7 40.2
Chicago, IL has nearly one-third (31.4%) of social perceptions of flood risk, impact on property
16 Houston TX 32 64.4 33.3 55 33.5
infrastructure at risk of flooding. values, and disruption of community activity
17 Lake Charles LA 39.6 50.3 34.6 52.8 25.8
(McAlpine and Porter; 2018).
Rankings of the relative residential properties, 18 Hampton VA 33.4 47.9 28.7 61.1 31.5

commercial properties, and roads at risk look 19 Fresno CA 38 39.4 47.6 24.2 51.7

very similar to the rankings for critical and social 20 Palm Coast FL 45.6 36.7 62.2 15.4 33.9
infrastructure. In regards to residential
properties at risk, Metairie, LA (100%); New
Orleans, LA (100%); Stockton, CA (92%); Cape Table 4. Top 20 “most at risk” cities in the U.S.
Coral, FL (89.6%); and Fort Lauderdale, FL
(79.6%) rank 1-5, respectively. When looking at
commercial properties, the same cities make
up the top 5 in a slightly different order, with
Metairie, LA (100%); New Orleans, LA (99.9%);
Stockton, CA (97.3%); Cape Coral, FL (95.6%);
and Fort Lauderdale (78.7%) respectively. Again,
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 15

Results

Change in Risk Over the Next 30 Years

Decreasing Greater
risk risk
When examining county level community risk in
relation to its change from 2021 to 2051 (Figure
6.), the most distinct patterns highlight significant
increasing risk along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts,
large increases in risk in the Northwest, and very
little change in risk for the middle (non-coastal)
portion of the country. All of these patterns are
driven by different environmental sources and
predict a widely different experience in flood risk
vulnerability across the country.

Along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, risk increases

almost universally due to associations with the
forecasted increases in sea-level rise; increases
in surge due to the forecasts of stronger coastal
storm intensities; and increases in latitudinal
reach of coastal storms due to a warming
atmosphere and ocean. In the Northwestern
portion of the country, there are more moderate
increases in flooding which are primarily driven
by increased precipitation, storm runoff, and
snowmelt in areas that feed the rivers in the
region. In comparison, the landlocked interior
portion of the country, stretching from New
Mexico to Iowa, is estimated to have a minimal
increase in risk. Additionally, isolated locales may
see a decrease in risk due to projected decreases Figure 6. Overall risk change from 2021 to 2051 by
in rainfall over the study period. county (Change in percentiles within U.S.)
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 16

Results

% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Rank County name State Residential Roads Commercial Infrastructure Social
The counties with the “most change” in community risk (Table 5) generally fall into
this coastal region, with Norfolk, VA ranking first in the analysis with a 22.6 percentage 1 Norfolk city VA 55.3 43.5 43.7 22.6 47.7
point increase in critical infrastructure flooding, a 55.3 percentage point increase in the 2 Portsmouth city VA 36.2 32.1 41 16.2 33.9
flooding of residential properties, a 43.7 percentage point increase in the risk of
3 St. Mary Parish LA 27.8 32.9 28.1 15.7 38.7
flooding of commercial properties, and a 43.5 percentage point increase in the
4 Hampton city VA 33.7 28.3 27.2 13.9 30.9
flooding of roads up to the year 2051. Other notable counties in this analysis include
Beaufort County, SC (Charleston) which is projected to see increases in the risk of 5 Calhoun County TX 23.5 18.2 32.1 20.9 36.7

flooding of 25.5 percentage points for social infrastructure, 21.6 percentage point 6 Beaufort County SC 20.7 25.7 24.2 21.6 25.5

increase in residential property flooding, 24.2 percentage point increase in 7 Poquoson city VA 21.2 15.7 27.1 33.3 15.4
commercial property flooding, and 25.7 percentage point increase in road flooding 8 Mathews County VA 25.7 23.9 23.8 9 29.2
over the time period. Additionally, Suffolk County, MA (Boston); Virginia Beach, VA;
9 Iberia Parish LA 27.1 18 16 12.5 37.4
and a number of counties in the state of Louisiana all make the top 20 list for largest
10 Camden County NC 12.5 11.1 17.2 33.3 35.7
increase in risk and are expected to see increases in flood risk over this time period.
11 Wakulla County FL 17.3 11.5 18.9 16.7 36.2

12 Currituck County NC 11 20.7 13.7 39.2 13.9

13 Vermilion Parish LA 18.9 12.3 22.7 5.3 27.8

14 Suffolk County MA 7.7 13.6 22.3 19.8 17.5

15 Salem County NJ 19.6 9.4 12.4 14.1 24.6

16 Talbot County MD 15.6 19.3 8.7 17.7 16.9

17 Washington County NC 14.9 14.2 18.6 22.8 7.7

18 Chambers County TX 15.8 10.8 9.8 7.8 32.4

19 Virginia Beach city VA 15.2 17.7 16 14.3 13.4

20 Volusia County FL 15.3 12.2 20 13 15.7

Table 5. Top 20 “greatest change” in risk from 2021 to 2051 by county

The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 17

Implications

The impact of these changes in risk on local risk models which are often inaccessible for practices that have led to the location of sharing knowledge about community flood risk
communities has the potential to be most communities. This may help facilitate populations and infrastructure in high risk allows for a better understanding of individual
devastating. For example, in Harris County, TX collaboration within and across communities, areas. community risk as well as risk in neighboring
(Houston), there are 770 hospitals, public better funding for adaptation and mitigation localities, which allows for increased
utilities, and water treatment plants at risk of strategies, streamlined permitting, and higher Quantified information about community flood collaboration.
flooding above their operational threshold levels of civic engagement. risk allows for improved planning and
this year. In Miami-Dade, FL, there are 1,640 development within and between local Finally, there is a strong need for individual
schools, churches, and museums at risk of More specifically, at the center of this work is communities, as well as across levels of consumers to understand what is at risk in their
being inoperable due to their flood risk. In a focus on quantifying and understanding the government, allowing for greater efficiency of immediate area and plan accordingly for service
Cook County, IL (Chicago), there are nearly a changes that are occurring in the environment resource allocation at various levels. disruptions in the event of a flood. Community
quarter of a million residential properties (225k) and planning in such a way that local Quantifying risk under current and future level flood risk is much more than an
of risk of flooding. In Kings County, NY communities may be resilient to those changes. climate conditions is particularly important to individual problem and affects everyone,
(Brooklyn), there are nearly 4k commercial Climate resilience planning requires a rigorous ensure funding is allocated to the projects and regardless of the risk of their own specific
properties at risk of being made inoperable due method for the estimation of how risk levels and areas most in need, as funding decisions usually property. Understanding one’s risk is a
to flooding. Finally, in Orleans Parish, LA (New critical facility vulnerability changes over time. occur at a different level of government than at combination of both individual property risk,
Orleans), nearly all (99%) of roads are at risk of Many previous efforts assessing current day risk the level at which they are implemented. which is acutely important to those at risk, in
being undrivable due to their estimated flood are not suitable for proper resilience planning Publicly available information regarding flood combination with the risk of their local
risk. as they do not include quantified risk under true risk for communities that is shared across a community. Homeowners and renters may feel
current or future climate conditions, or with a given area also provides a common knowledge a false sense of security if their specific property
There are a number of important implications high precision indicator of risk. base to facilitate collaboration. Not only is this is not at risk of flooding directly, however, the
associated with these results that center around important for the allocation of resources, but indirect effects of living in a community with
a community’s ability to assess current levels of At a more practical level, planning and also for collaboration between different high levels of risk can be just as impactful. In
resilience, plan for future resource development in local communities may be communities in order to address vulnerability fact, road closures, school closures,
allocation around infrastructure and immensely improved through the use of proper and adaptation interdependencies. utility issues, and lack of access to emergency
development, and inform individuals of risk that tools and risk models. The use of these tools Vulnerability interdependence is when the services and hospitals can arguably have more
may not be immediate to their specific to identify all infrastructure at risk in an area vulnerability of one area spills over into a dire consequences than the economic losses
properties (but rather to the surrounding (including in varying return periods) allows for surrounding area. For example, flooding in one that come with flood waters entering a home.
community resources). In all cases a multi- the determination of appropriate levels of community that causes the primary hospital to If local communities do not properly plan to be
dimensional approach to measuring and protection needed for future conditions as well become inoperable may result in patient resilient in these areas, indirect consequences
assessing risk is important in order to gain a as helping to inform decisions around future relocation to the hospital of a neighboring of population out-migration decreases
more complete understanding of flooding risk development. Additionally, identifying areas community. Adaptation interdependence muni-bond ratings, and the increased likelihood
today and into the future as well as to better with higher amounts of risk than others allows operates similarly, where the adaptation efforts of catastrophic outcomes associated with the
assess a community’s needs in order to address for appropriate allocation of resources to of a community may impact a nearby observed risk are all more likely and will affect
the issue at a collective level. Making this provide protection where it is most needed, community. For example, if a community the entire population of a community, not
information publicly available to elected meaning a more efficient use of capital in constructs a seawall, the water may be just the properties that are at risk of flooding
officials and policy makers allows for a better protecting the most vulnerable areas of the relocated to increase flooding in the directly.
understanding of risk, informed by high quality community while not repeating development neighboring area. A common platform for
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 18

Contributors to the Special thanks to our

The 3rd National Risk Assessment valuable data partners

The following First Street Foundation current and past personnel contributed Without them, our analysis would not be possible.
to the preparation of this report, data, or First Street Foundation products
supporting this report. Our First Street Foundation Flood Model partners,
First Street Foundation Flood Lab members, Advisory Board members, and
To define building characteristics, improvement percentages, and property parcel details, the Foundation
many others also deserve credit for their valuable contributions.
leveraged data from LightBox, a leading provider of CRE data and workflow solutions.

Mike Amodeo Mike Lopes

Mark Bauer Anna McIntosh To calculate flood depths to the building structure, the Foundation leveraged building footprint data supplied by
Sara Chadwick David Miller Mapbox. Mapbox also provided geocode lookups and map integrations for the Flood Factor experience.

Ziyan Chu Natalie Pardy

Matthew Eby Dr. Jeremy Porter
Colleen Ensor Grisha (Gregory) Post State and county boundaries from the U.S. Census TIGER dataset is used on all pages showing maps. This report is
not endorsed or certified by the Census Bureau.
Neil Freeman Nathan Rosler
Raphael Halloran Daniel Seripap
This report is neither affiliated with, nor authorized, sponsored, approved, endorsed, or certified by any of the
Ho Hsieh Michelle Shapiro
foregoing providers.
Angela Jin Evelyn Shu
Mike Kaminski Sean Surdovel
Shannon Keane Otis Wilcox
Disclaimers
Dr. Edward J. Kearns Dr. Bradley Wilson
Kelvin Lai Ray Yong
Marguerite Lally Ralph Zagha
First Street Foundation’s flood and climate change risk and damage estimates are based on one or more
Sharai Lewis-Gruss
models designed to approximate risk and are not intended as precise estimates, or to be a comprehensive
Brett Lingle analysis of all possible flood-related and climate change risks.
Lucy Litvinova

The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 2021
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 19

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Alabama
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Dauphin Island 98.8% 89.4% 96.2% 71.4% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Selma 70.0% 69.8% 69.3% 66.7% 64.6%
well-being of an area. In Alabama, there are 181,575 residential properties,
3 Scottsboro 46.2% 47.0% 42.9% 60.0% 40.0%
32,963 miles of roads, 15,815 commercial properties, 779 infrastructure facilities,
and 801 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Elba 37.7% 36.3% 71.3% 50.0% 37.5%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Alabama, 5 Decatur 32.4% 47.3% 55.4% 57.1% 40.0%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Brighton 22.2% 35.5% 41.5% 100.0% 25.0%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Mobile 25.9% 41.4% 40.6% 71.7% 40.2%

8 Tarrant 13.7% 30.4% 40.0% 100.0% 28.6%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Gulf Shores 44.5% 51.3% 43.1% 41.7% 28.6%

10 Guntersville 30.9% 47.7% 44.8% 43.8% 37.5%

• State Average 12.3% 19.8% 20.0% 22.3% 15.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Dauphin Island, 98.8%

Greatest risk to property owners with 825 out of 835 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Dauphin Island, 89.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 53 out of 59 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Dauphin Island, 96.2%

Greatest risk to businesses with 25 out of 26 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Wetumpka, 72.2%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 13 out of 18 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Childersburg, 83.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 20

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Alabama
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Dallas County 50.2% 32.6% 53.6% 33.9% 47.7%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Mobile County 19.6% 25.8% 33.3% 58.3% 31.9%
lower insurance costs. In Alabama, Montgomery County has the largest number
3 Jackson County 27.9% 33.9% 39.2% 24.6% 22.7%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 73,324 out of 101,805 properties protected. 4 Morgan County 19.2% 24.9% 42.8% 31.8% 24.6%

5 Etowah County 23.8% 34.3% 28.9% 27.0% 20.8%

6 Calhoun County 16.0% 30.1% 26.3% 25.8% 18.9%

7 Jefferson County 11.7% 25.0% 22.5% 26.9% 19.5%

8 Madison County 12.8% 22.9% 22.0% 26.3% 20.9%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Talladega County 16.2% 24.2% 22.2% 22.8% 17.8%

10 Cherokee County 18.2% 33.8% 5.6% 30.4% 10.0%

• State Average 12.3% 19.8% 20.0% 22.3% 15.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Dallas County, 50.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 6,066 out of 12,078 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Etowah County, 34.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 864 out of 2,517 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Dallas County, 53.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 497 out of 928 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Dallas County, 47.7%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 42 out of 88 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Mobile County, 58.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 172 out of
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls 295 at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 21

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Alabama
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Escambia County 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 1.9% 13.6%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Alabama increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 10,957 residential properties, 2 Dallas County 3.1% 1.2% 4.0% 0.0% 9.1%
1,182.0 miles of roads, 773 commercial properties, 34 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Mobile County 2.3% 2.4% 3.3% 4.7% 1.7%
46 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Cleburne County 0.2% 0.5% 0.0% 10.5% 0.0%

5 Baldwin County 2.4% 2.1% 2.6% 1.4% 0.4%

6 Lee County 0.4% 0.4% 0.1% 5.7% 0.0%

7 Jefferson County 0.7% 1.1% 1.6% 1.2% 1.2%

8 Montgomery County 0.8% 0.9% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Pickens County 0.3% 0.3% 1.9% 2.4% 0.0%

10 Talladega County 1.4% 0.9% 1.3% 0.0% 1.4%

• State Average 0.7% 0.7% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Dallas County, 3.1%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 378 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Mobile County, 2.4%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 198 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Dallas County, 4.0%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 37 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Escambia County, 13.6%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 6 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Cleburne County, 10.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 2
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 22

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Arizona
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Willcox 85.0% 63.2% 81.6% 80.0% 83.3%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Cienega Springs 44.7% 55.7% 66.7% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In Arizona, there are 256,732 residential properties, 44,588
3 Munds Park 15.3% 43.2% 81.5% 100.0% 100.0%
miles of roads, 11,577 commercial properties, 210 infrastructure facilities, and
917 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Maricopa 46.1% 31.3% 59.3% 75.0% 53.1%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Arizona, 5 Tolleson 38.9% 23.6% 45.7% 66.7% 50.0%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Nogales 22.1% 37.8% 61.6% 33.3% 62.1%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Cave Creek 17.4% 28.9% 34.7% 83.3% 46.7%

8 Williams 41.6% 32.8% 43.5% 71.4% 14.3%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Bisbee 13.1% 33.3% 30.0% 66.7% 57.1%

10 Pine 23.8% 34.3% 58.8% 0.0% 75.0%

• State Average 12.0% 22.5% 14.3% 15.0% 12.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Willcox, 85.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 920 out of 1,082 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Willcox, 63.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 56 out of 89 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Willcox, 81.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 120 out of 147 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Heber-Overgaard, 85.7%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 6 out of 7 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Cave Creek, 83.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 23

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Arizona
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Gila County 21.2% 34.1% 43.6% 33.3% 39.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Santa Cruz County 14.7% 31.9% 46.1% 28.6% 40.6%
lower insurance costs. In Arizona, Maricopa County has the largest number of
3 Coconino County 19.1% 25.5% 28.4% 32.9% 28.0%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 650,801 out of 1,580,273 properties protected. 4 Cochise County 15.2% 26.1% 20.4% 21.2% 20.8%

5 La Paz County 32.5% 25.2% 23.0% 15.8% 6.3%

6 Greenlee County 12.2% 24.6% 19.5% 0.0% 38.1%

7 Navajo County 10.8% 17.8% 24.3% 22.6% 14.3%

8 Yavapai County 14.5% 30.7% 18.1% 10.3% 11.1%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Pinal County 16.5% 21.6% 18.5% 16.7% 11.2%

10 Graham County 12.4% 28.5% 15.3% 5.6% 20.3%

• State Average 12.0% 22.5% 14.3% 15.0% 12.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: La Paz County, 32.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,108 out of 3,404 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Gila County, 34.1%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,919 out of 5,623 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Santa Cruz County, 46.1%

Greatest risk to businesses with 365 out of 791 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Santa Cruz County, 40.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 41 out of 101 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Gila County, 33.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 13 out of 39
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 24

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Arizona
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Yuma County 1.0% 0.5% 1.4% 1.9% 1.9%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Arizona increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 8 residential properties, 427.0 2 Coconino County 0.5% 0.6% 1.3% 1.2% 0.7%
miles of roads, 61 commercial properties, 3 infrastructure facilities, and 12 social
3 Mohave County 0.0% 0.5% 0.3% 1.0% 0.4%
facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Yavapai County 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.4%

5 Navajo County 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%

6 Gila County 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

7 Graham County 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Apache County 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Greenlee County 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Maricopa County -0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%

• State Average 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Yuma County, 1.0%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 594 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Coconino County, 0.6%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 161 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Yuma County, 1.4%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 36 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Yuma County, 1.9%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 4 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Yuma County, 1.9%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 25

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Arkansas
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 North Little Rock 26.7% 40.3% 51.8% 38.9% 42.4%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Helena-West Helena 17.3% 33.7% 40.5% 66.7% 39.1%
well-being of an area. In Arkansas, there are 72,276 residential properties, 39,374
3 Hardy 17.5% 33.0% 25.0% 66.7% 40.0%
miles of roads, 6,708 commercial properties, 403 infrastructure facilities, and 571
social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages provide 4 Piney 16.4% 40.5% 33.3% 50.0% 25.0%
an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Arkansas, additional 5 Harrison 9.0% 21.8% 38.3% 60.0% 18.2%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Clarksville 7.3% 23.2% 30.3% 33.3% 47.4%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Van Buren 5.0% 21.0% 25.1% 50.0% 31.0%

8 Hot Springs 10.5% 29.2% 22.9% 16.7% 32.2%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Paragould 24.8% 29.0% 29.2% 0.0% 21.4%

10 Pine Bluff 6.5% 23.5% 13.6% 47.8% 11.1%

• State Average 7.9% 23.7% 14.0% 16.1% 11.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: North Little Rock, 26.7%

Greatest risk to property owners with 5,598 out of 21,001 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Rockwell, 44.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 22 out of 49 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: North Little Rock, 51.8%

Greatest risk to businesses with 880 out of 1,700 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Clarksville, 47.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 9 out of 19 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Helena-West Helena, 66.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 26

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Arkansas
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Phillips County 19.7% 56.1% 36.5% 53.1% 30.3%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Greene County 23.4% 36.0% 29.4% 20.0% 20.0%
lower insurance costs. In Arkansas, Crittenden County has the largest number
3 Monroe County 21.1% 46.3% 16.5% 18.8% 25.0%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 21,997 out of 22,300 properties protected. 4 Garland County 13.2% 32.5% 22.3% 27.0% 27.0%

5 Clay County 18.8% 34.1% 16.0% 23.3% 12.5%

6 Chicot County 9.4% 29.4% 17.9% 40.0% 8.1%

7 St. Francis County 8.1% 22.1% 3.8% 50.0% 14.3%

8 Lee County 9.7% 30.6% 16.7% 15.4% 25.0%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Jackson County 11.6% 31.5% 13.8% 24.2% 13.6%

10 Boone County 6.9% 19.4% 32.5% 23.3% 10.4%

• State Average 7.9% 23.7% 14.0% 16.1% 11.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Greene County, 23.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,793 out of 7,672 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Phillips County, 56.1%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 841 out of 1,499 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Phillips County, 36.5%

Greatest risk to businesses with 88 out of 241 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Pike County, 30.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 7 out of 23 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Phillips County, 53.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 17 out of 32
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 27

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Arkansas
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Pope County 0.2% 0.2% 2.5% 0.0% 10.0%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Arkansas increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 1,763 residential properties, 2 Lee County 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0%
451.0 miles of roads, 173 commercial properties, 6 infrastructure facilities, and 20
3 Phillips County 0.8% 1.4% 2.1% 3.1% 0.0%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Monroe County 0.6% 1.3% 0.4% 0.0% 3.6%

5 Chicot County 0.5% 0.3% 0.6% 4.0% 0.0%

6 Garland County 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 3.2% 0.0%

7 Clay County 1.0% 0.7% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Craighead County 0.6% 0.7% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Pulaski County 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.0% 1.0%

10 Crittenden County 0.8% 0.6% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.4%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Clay County, 1.0%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 61 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Phillips County, 1.4%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 22 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Pope County, 2.5%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 24 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Pope County, 10.0%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 11 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Lee County, 7.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 28

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

California
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Orland 99.6% 98.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Colusa 95.5% 98.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In California, there are 1,593,684 residential properties,
3 Yuba City 99.9% 97.3% 99.1% 94.1% 100.0%
114,620 miles of roads, 73,795 commercial properties, 2,189 infrastructure
facilities, and 9,215 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The 4 August 97.9% 94.3% 96.9% 100.0% 100.0%
following pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities 5 Linda 94.3% 91.6% 96.6% 100.0% 100.0%
in California, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and
6 Plumas Lake 87.5% 84.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
county can be found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Garden Acres 91.6% 76.1% 97.3% 100.0% 81.8%

8 Stockton 92.0% 85.7% 97.3% 75.4% 93.9%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Foster City 99.9% 75.7% 99.1% 66.7% 100.0%

10 Winters 84.3% 78.6% 96.9% 100.0% 72.7%

• State Average 19.3% 26.5% 28.4% 26.2% 21.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Foster City, 99.9%

Greatest risk to property owners with 6,826 out of 6,830 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Country Club, 99.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 44 out of 44 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Orland, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 197 out of 197 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Yuba City, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 73 out of 73 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Lathrop, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 8 out of 8 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 29

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

California
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Sutter County 92.6% 76.8% 86.9% 64.4% 93.7%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 San Joaquin County 61.9% 46.6% 59.7% 48.0% 61.0%
lower insurance costs. In California, Sutter County has the largest number of
3 Colusa County 63.5% 47.0% 63.0% 40.6% 59.0%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 34,416 out of 34,994 properties protected. 4 Merced County 57.7% 44.2% 53.3% 52.9% 52.5%

5 Yolo County 50.4% 46.2% 50.1% 56.7% 42.6%

6 Marin County 28.0% 34.0% 65.2% 43.5% 50.9%

7 Inyo County 38.9% 27.8% 70.3% 20.0% 55.6%

8 Madera County 43.6% 33.3% 51.9% 40.4% 42.1%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Glenn County 53.5% 34.6% 47.8% 33.3% 39.2%

10 Butte County 38.5% 32.5% 50.0% 32.2% 42.0%

• State Average 19.3% 26.5% 28.4% 26.2% 21.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Sutter County, 92.6%

Greatest risk to property owners with 23,099 out of 24,932 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Sutter County, 76.8%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,506 out of 1,962 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Sutter County, 86.9%

Greatest risk to businesses with 2,121 out of 2,441 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Sutter County, 93.7%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 104 out of 111 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Sutter County, 64.4%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 29 out of 45
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 30

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

California
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 San Mateo County 3.0% 3.1% 8.3% 4.6% 5.0%

As severity and frequency of flood events in California increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 82,739 residential properties, 2 Solano County 2.0% 3.0% 6.3% 4.9% 4.8%
3,464.0 miles of roads, 4,603 commercial properties, 166 infrastructure facilities,
3 Marin County 2.4% 1.5% 8.2% 6.1% 2.6%
and 432 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Humboldt County 1.5% 1.1% 7.6% 0.0% 8.1%

5 San Francisco County 0.6% 2.3% 3.9% 5.6% 2.2%

6 Yuba County 7.7% 1.2% 2.3% 0.0% 2.7%

7 Alameda County 2.2% 2.3% 4.3% 1.9% 1.9%

8 Butte County 2.2% 1.5% 3.8% 3.5% 0.9%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Sacramento County 2.3% 2.0% 2.5% 2.9% 2.0%

10 San Diego County 0.3% 0.9% 1.2% 8.3% 0.7%

• State Average 1.0% 0.8% 1.8% 2.0% 1.0%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Yuba County, 7.7%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 1,509 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Sutter County, 3.1%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 61 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: San Mateo County, 8.3%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 588 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Humboldt County, 8.1%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 21 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: San Diego County, 8.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 46
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 31

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Colorado
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Manitou Springs 28.4% 46.7% 83.2% 100.0% 83.9%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Craig 34.9% 45.7% 77.7% 83.3% 87.0%
well-being of an area. In Colorado, there are 96,151 residential properties, 40,319
3 Breckenridge 51.2% 32.5% 71.4% 66.7% 61.5%
miles of roads, 8,229 commercial properties, 557 infrastructure facilities, and 963
social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages provide 4 Vail 35.6% 36.7% 66.7% 57.1% 82.1%
an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Colorado, additional 5 Lamar 43.0% 45.4% 71.3% 66.7% 47.8%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Snowmass Village 13.5% 19.7% 80.0% 16.7% 66.7%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Glenwood Springs 12.9% 38.2% 25.9% 66.7% 50.0%

8 Twin Lakes 2.9% 19.2% 23.7% 100.0% 25.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Estes Park 16.3% 30.3% 22.9% 71.4% 24.2%

10 Florence 35.5% 31.4% 46.9% 0.0% 50.0%

• State Average 6.7% 22.0% 14.3% 24.7% 13.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Breckenridge, 51.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 85 out of 166 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Manitou Springs, 46.7%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 24 out of 51 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Manitou Springs, 83.2%

Greatest risk to businesses with 129 out of 155 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Craig, 87.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 20 out of 23 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Craig, 83.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 32

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Colorado
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Mineral County 19.8% 26.3% 42.9% 75.0% 100.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Clear Creek County 25.1% 35.3% 40.0% 69.2% 52.5%
lower insurance costs. In Colorado, Alamosa County has the largest number
3 Prowers County 38.3% 20.1% 47.8% 52.2% 53.8%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 3,053 out of 14,319 properties protected. 4 Moffat County 28.5% 21.4% 34.1% 60.0% 66.7%

5 Eagle County 26.4% 27.1% 42.9% 37.9% 53.8%

6 Summit County 16.7% 28.2% 37.5% 55.6% 47.1%

7 Gilpin County 6.5% 31.6% 16.7% 45.5% 45.5%

8 Garfield County 10.1% 29.3% 19.7% 46.2% 26.2%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Costilla County 14.0% 24.3% 27.5% 26.7% 36.4%

10 Sedgwick County 22.2% 20.3% 16.5% 20.0% 44.4%

• State Average 6.7% 22.0% 14.3% 24.7% 13.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Prowers County, 38.3%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,369 out of 3,574 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Clear Creek County, 35.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 458 out of 1,300 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Prowers County, 47.8%

Greatest risk to businesses with 174 out of 364 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Mineral County, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 5 out of 5 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Clear Creek County, 69.2%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 27 out of 39
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 33

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Colorado
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Gilpin County 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 9.1%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Colorado increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 1,925 residential properties, 2 Ouray County 0.4% 0.4% 3.1% 0.0% 3.6%
438.0 miles of roads, 145 commercial properties, 9 infrastructure facilities, and 30
3 Grand County 0.6% 0.3% 0.0% 2.4% 2.9%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Larimer County 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 1.6% 2.5%

5 Boulder County 0.2% 0.4% 0.5% 3.6% 0.2%

6 Montezuma County 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 3.3%

7 Denver County 0.2% 0.9% 0.4% 1.2% 0.8%

8 Clear Creek County 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 2.6% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Summit County 0.6% 0.5% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Arapahoe County 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 2.3% 0.0%

• State Average 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Eagle County, 0.9%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 53 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Denver County, 0.9%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 25 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Ouray County, 3.1%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 4 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Gilpin County, 9.1%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Boulder County, 3.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 34

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Connecticut
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Cos Cob 27.3% 49.9% 50.0% 100.0% 53.8%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Putnam 9.2% 30.7% 28.5% 100.0% 53.3%
well-being of an area. In Connecticut, there are 99,001 residential properties,
3 Riverside 18.5% 33.8% 28.2% 100.0% 33.3%
8,487 miles of roads, 10,038 commercial properties, 407 infrastructure facilities,
and 846 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Branford Center 27.3% 38.1% 34.6% 55.6% 45.5%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Connecticut, 5 Westport 24.5% 32.2% 47.6% 63.6% 30.6%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Greenwich 20.7% 35.5% 20.4% 100.0% 17.1%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Naugatuck 10.6% 29.1% 56.2% 66.7% 31.0%

8 Torrington 13.4% 26.0% 37.2% 71.4% 36.4%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Norwalk 20.5% 34.3% 33.9% 72.5% 22.4%

10 Hartford 14.1% 41.2% 47.5% 35.3% 34.9%

• State Average 12.1% 25.0% 28.4% 35.2% 20.1%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Old Greenwich, 31.6%

Greatest risk to property owners with 614 out of 1,945 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Cos Cob, 49.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 19 out of 38 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Naugatuck, 56.2%

Greatest risk to businesses with 173 out of 308 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Cos Cob, 53.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 7 out of 13 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Greenwich, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 9 out of 9 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 35

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Connecticut
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Fairfield County 15.3% 27.2% 34.7% 41.3% 19.3%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Litchfield County 10.7% 28.7% 30.0% 33.7% 26.6%
lower insurance costs. In Connecticut, New London County has the largest
3 New Haven County 12.4% 24.3% 26.9% 38.6% 19.1%
number of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation
projects or structures with 2,924 out of 104,542 properties protected. 4 Hartford County 11.3% 24.1% 27.4% 31.6% 23.7%

5 New London County 10.4% 22.9% 24.6% 40.0% 16.8%

6 Middlesex County 10.7% 26.6% 24.8% 25.6% 17.1%

7 Tolland County 7.6% 21.3% 22.0% 28.3% 9.9%

8 Windham County 8.0% 21.2% 20.8% 23.7% 14.3%

County risk over 30 years
• State Average 12.1% 25.0% 28.4% 35.2% 20.1%
Based on proportion and severity

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Fairfield County, 15.3%

Greatest risk to property owners with 32,347 out of 212,007 residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Litchfield County, 28.7%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,229 out of 4,288 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Fairfield County, 34.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 2,929 out of 8,430 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Litchfield County, 26.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 75 out of 282 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Fairfield County, 41.3%

Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 104 out of
252 at risk of becoming inoperable.

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 36

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Connecticut
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Middlesex County 5.9% 2.9% 7.1% 7.8% 4.4%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Connecticut increase over the
next 30 years with a changing environment, an additional 15,018 residential 2 Fairfield County 2.0% 2.1% 5.5% 6.7% 4.3%
properties, 555.0 miles of roads, 1,136 commercial properties, 39 infrastructure
3 New London County 2.7% 2.4% 5.0% 2.4% 3.1%
facilities, and 113 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 New Haven County 2.5% 2.5% 3.4% 2.9% 2.8%

5 Hartford County 0.5% 0.9% 1.0% 1.4% 1.6%

6 Tolland County 0.3% 0.5% 1.1% 1.7% 0.0%

7 Windham County 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 1.3% 0.7%

8 Litchfield County 0.3% 0.6% 0.6% 0.0% 0.7%

Change in risk over 30 years
• State Average 1.8% 1.6% 3.2% 3.4% 2.7%
Based on proportion and severity

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Middlesex County, 5.9%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 2,900 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Middlesex County, 2.9%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 73 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Middlesex County, 7.1%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 140 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Middlesex County, 4.4%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 10 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Middlesex County, 7.8%

Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 7
additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 37

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Delaware
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Bethany Beach 97.1% 96.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Ocean View 38.0% 47.8% 71.4% 0.0% 66.7%
well-being of an area. In Delaware, there are 32,159 residential properties, 3,202
3 Lewes 45.8% 56.6% 25.5% 66.7% 10.0%
miles of roads, 1,950 commercial properties, 93 infrastructure facilities, and 154
social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages provide 4 Millsboro 23.4% 34.0% 36.7% 50.0% 0.0%
an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Delaware, additional 5 Seaford 21.4% 31.7% 27.3% 25.0% 34.4%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 New Castle 17.8% 34.8% 22.5% 25.0% 9.5%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Milford 7.0% 15.0% 26.5% 40.0% 14.7%

8 Wilmington 4.0% 27.3% 16.6% 37.5% 13.5%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Smyrna 5.1% 13.5% 3.4% 60.0% 0.0%

10 Dover 7.2% 20.0% 9.7% 26.3% 7.0%

• State Average 10.7% 23.3% 16.0% 30.4% 9.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Bethany Beach, 97.1%

Greatest risk to property owners with 796 out of 820 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Bethany Beach, 96.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 32 out of 33 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Bethany Beach, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 28 out of 28 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Seaford, 34.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 11 out of 32 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Lewes, 66.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 8 out of 12
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 38

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Delaware
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Sussex County 28.4% 29.1% 18.8% 43.8% 17.4%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Kent County 7.2% 18.3% 12.4% 21.9% 8.7%
lower insurance costs. In Delaware, Sussex County has the largest number of
3 New Castle County 3.4% 18.3% 14.8% 24.2% 7.4%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 32,815 out of 144,824 properties protected. • State Average 10.7% 23.3% 16.0% 30.4% 9.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

County risk over 30 years • Residential: Sussex County, 28.4%

Based on proportion and severity Greatest risk to property owners with 22,616 out of 79,643 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Sussex County, 29.1%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,860 out of 6,391 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Sussex County, 18.8%

Greatest risk to businesses with 871 out of 4,624 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Sussex County, 17.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 59 out of 340 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Sussex County, 43.8%

Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 46 out of
105 at risk of becoming inoperable.

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 39

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Delaware
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Sussex County 8.3% 5.1% 4.8% 6.7% 5.9%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Delaware increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 7,635 residential properties, 2 New Castle County 0.4% 1.3% 1.6% 6.3% 0.9%
432.0 miles of roads, 339 commercial properties, 15 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Kent County 0.6% 1.6% 1.4% 0.0% 1.0%
31 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
• State Average 2.5% 3.1% 2.8% 4.9% 2.0%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

Change in risk over 30 years
• Residential: Sussex County, 8.3%
Based on proportion and severity Greatest growing risk to property owners with 6,575 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Sussex County, 5.1%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 328 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Sussex County, 4.8%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 221 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Sussex County, 5.9%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 20 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Sussex County, 6.7%

Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 7
additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 40

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

District of Columbia
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Washington 7.5% 24.7% 15.0% 31.9% 16.5%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic
well-being of an area. In District of Columbia, there are 8,454 residential
properties, 338 miles of roads, 859 commercial properties, 30 infrastructure
facilities, and 251 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following
pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in District
of Columbia, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and
county can be found at FloodFactor.com. Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years
As severity and frequency of flood events in District of Columbia increase over
the next 30 years with a changing environment, an additional 638 residential Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social
properties, 32.0 miles of roads, 57 commercial properties, 3 infrastructure Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+
facilities, and 26 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.* 1 District of Columbia 0.6% 2.3% 1.0% 3.2% 1.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 41

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Florida
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Rotonda 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Cypress Lake 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In Florida, there are 1,927,660 residential properties,
3 Siesta Key 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
87,320 miles of roads, 86,515 commercial properties, 1,736 infrastructure
facilities, and 8,141 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The 4 Hernando Beach 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
following pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in 5 Bokeelia 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Florida, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county
6 Cortez 100.0% 99.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
can be found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Indian Rocks Beach 99.8% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

8 Holmes Beach 100.0% 99.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Sanibel 99.8% 99.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

10 Crystal River 99.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

• State Average 30.7% 35.6% 32.7% 36.6% 32.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Rotonda, 100.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 6,046 out of 6,046 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Crystal River, 100.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 107 out of 107 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Port Charlotte, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 991 out of 991 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Miami Beach, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 104 out of 104 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Miami Beach, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 11 out of 11
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 42

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Florida
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Monroe County 98.5% 89.4% 97.5% 82.5% 97.5%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Charlotte County 87.7% 82.0% 86.8% 76.6% 92.9%
lower insurance costs. In Florida, Okeechobee County has the largest number
3 Franklin County 86.7% 77.2% 93.3% 68.2% 82.1%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 11,586 out of 31,903 properties protected. 4 Lee County 66.6% 70.4% 75.9% 59.8% 71.9%

5 Miami-Dade County 51.9% 62.0% 57.6% 68.7% 58.1%

6 Collier County 56.4% 55.2% 63.9% 59.7% 62.8%

7 Wakulla County 59.8% 59.3% 54.7% 61.1% 43.1%

8 Broward County 41.2% 56.6% 53.7% 56.1% 48.1%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Dixie County 43.0% 64.1% 47.9% 53.8% 33.3%

10 Gulf County 52.2% 58.9% 60.3% 31.8% 36.7%

• State Average 30.7% 35.6% 32.7% 36.6% 32.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Monroe County, 98.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 31,524 out of 31,996 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Monroe County, 89.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,253 out of 1,402 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Monroe County, 97.5%

Greatest risk to businesses with 1,974 out of 2,024 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Monroe County, 97.5%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 193 out of 198 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Monroe County, 82.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 47 out of 57
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 43

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Florida
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Wakulla County 17.3% 11.5% 18.9% 16.7% 36.2%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Florida increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 379,897 residential properties, 2 Volusia County 15.3% 12.2% 19.9% 13.0% 15.7%
11,353.0 miles of roads, 17,302 commercial properties, 214 infrastructure
3 Manatee County 14.7% 11.0% 17.8% 10.4% 18.1%
facilities, and 1,534 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Collier County 15.0% 8.6% 11.3% 6.5% 18.6%

5 Lee County 10.2% 9.3% 11.0% 11.5% 10.6%

6 Broward County 10.2% 8.1% 11.4% 6.6% 12.5%

7 Pinellas County 8.9% 9.2% 11.3% 8.6% 8.9%

8 Martin County 9.4% 7.5% 10.3% 12.3% 6.9%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Franklin County 7.8% 8.8% 5.5% 9.1% 10.7%

10 Palm Beach County 8.2% 6.6% 11.3% 6.5% 8.9%

• State Average 6.0% 4.6% 6.5% 4.5% 6.1%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Wakulla County, 17.3%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 2,067 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Volusia County, 12.2%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 712 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Volusia County, 19.9%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 1,902 additional commercial buildings at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Wakulla County, 36.2%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 21 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Wakulla County, 16.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 3
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 44

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Georgia
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Skidaway Island 100.0% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Brunswick 100.0% 98.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In Georgia, there are 297,222 residential properties,
3 Tybee Island 99.8% 99.6% 97.8% 100.0% 100.0%
39,569 miles of roads, 17,065 commercial properties, 679 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,284 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following 4 St. Simons 97.8% 97.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Georgia, 5 Whitemarsh Island 99.7% 94.2% 100.0% 75.0% 100.0%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Wilmington Island 99.8% 99.5% 100.0% 0.0% 90.0%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Dock Junction 73.5% 63.2% 81.4% 100.0% 66.7%

8 St. Marys 76.4% 64.9% 51.6% 36.4% 53.6%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Summerville 9.6% 19.4% 28.1% 75.0% 58.3%

10 Port Wentworth 22.0% 28.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 9.5% 17.2% 12.2% 15.8% 9.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Brunswick, 100.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 4,434 out of 4,434 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Skidaway Island, 99.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 100 out of 100 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Brunswick, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 801 out of 801 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: St. Simons, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 32 out of 32 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Brunswick, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 29 out of 29
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 45

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Georgia
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Glynn County 79.0% 60.7% 86.3% 84.0% 75.2%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Chatham County 41.1% 42.1% 55.8% 54.6% 27.9%
lower insurance costs. In Georgia, Richmond County has the largest number
3 Camden County 55.7% 42.4% 35.5% 40.5% 46.5%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 6,830 out of 80,269 properties protected. 4 McIntosh County 48.2% 45.5% 38.2% 37.5% 50.0%

5 Rabun County 20.2% 34.9% 37.5% 34.2% 35.5%

6 Liberty County 25.7% 34.6% 20.9% 39.3% 11.9%

7 Walker County 15.0% 30.0% 25.6% 29.3% 30.1%

8 Floyd County 12.4% 31.3% 30.8% 30.3% 24.2%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Gilmer County 16.0% 33.0% 32.2% 16.0% 30.8%

10 Chattooga County 11.5% 30.3% 14.4% 22.7% 44.7%

• State Average 9.5% 17.2% 12.2% 15.8% 9.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Glynn County, 79.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 22,657 out of 28,687 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Glynn County, 60.7%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,253 out of 2,066 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Glynn County, 86.3%

Greatest risk to businesses with 1,632 out of 1,891 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Glynn County, 75.2%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 94 out of 125 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Glynn County, 84.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 63 out of 75
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 46

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Georgia
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 McIntosh County 21.2% 17.5% 12.4% 12.5% 8.3%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Georgia increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 22,406 residential properties, 2 Camden County 5.4% 11.3% 7.5% 13.5% 7.0%
2,341.0 miles of roads, 1,104 commercial properties, 47 infrastructure facilities,
3 Glynn County 9.0% 8.8% 7.4% 5.3% 12.0%
and 124 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Bryan County 7.0% 5.3% 4.6% 13.6% 2.7%

5 Liberty County 3.6% 7.3% 1.6% 10.7% 6.0%

6 Chatham County 6.3% 6.1% 3.9% 5.4% 5.8%

7 Clinch County 3.0% 2.7% 3.7% 0.0% 7.7%

8 Dougherty County 2.2% 1.9% 2.3% 5.3% 1.3%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Muscogee County 0.9% 1.3% 2.0% 0.0% 8.2%

10 Worth County 0.6% 0.7% 0.0% 8.3% 0.0%

• State Average 0.7% 1.0% 0.8% 1.1% 0.9%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: McIntosh County, 21.2%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 701 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: McIntosh County, 17.5%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 224 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: McIntosh County, 12.4%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 11 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Glynn County, 12.0%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 15 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Bryan County, 13.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 3
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 47

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Idaho
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Blackfoot 83.3% 77.2% 85.2% 100.0% 87.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Emmett 75.5% 69.1% 93.9% 85.7% 87.5%
well-being of an area. In Idaho, there are 112,408 residential properties, 48,602
3 Payette 56.7% 62.4% 83.1% 80.0% 91.7%
miles of roads, 11,262 commercial properties, 426 infrastructure facilities, and
689 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Ammon 52.5% 51.4% 69.1% 100.0% 83.3%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Idaho, additional 5 Middleton 43.9% 42.3% 52.1% 100.0% 50.0%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Salmon 34.5% 38.7% 54.1% 50.0% 58.3%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Garden City 65.8% 47.0% 41.3% 50.0% 25.0%

8 Weiser 33.0% 41.0% 62.6% 42.9% 40.6%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Caldwell 24.8% 31.7% 58.5% 66.7% 37.5%

10 Star 51.8% 40.1% 50.0% 50.0% 20.0%

• State Average 22.1% 31.6% 27.8% 36.5% 25.7%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Blackfoot, 83.3%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,670 out of 3,207 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Blackfoot, 77.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 77 out of 100 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Emmett, 93.9%

Greatest risk to businesses with 154 out of 164 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Payette, 91.7%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 22 out of 24 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Blackfoot, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 9 out of 9 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 48

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Idaho
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Shoshone County 77.2% 34.7% 79.3% 70.4% 77.5%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Gem County 42.7% 34.2% 73.8% 76.9% 70.6%
lower insurance costs. In Idaho, Jefferson County has the largest number of
3 Butte County 55.0% 41.4% 100.0% 40.0% 57.1%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 4,314 out of 16,052 properties protected. 4 Custer County 39.5% 44.0% 40.9% 61.9% 62.5%

5 Lemhi County 42.4% 30.5% 50.2% 60.0% 59.4%

6 Clark County 50.5% 34.5% 61.5% 60.0% 25.0%

7 Bingham County 41.5% 28.8% 58.9% 46.7% 55.6%

8 Camas County 34.1% 38.9% 50.0% 36.4% 66.7%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Boise County 24.0% 33.9% 50.0% 55.0% 56.3%

10 Washington County 36.9% 45.1% 56.8% 44.4% 33.3%

• State Average 22.1% 31.6% 27.8% 36.5% 25.7%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Shoshone County, 77.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,391 out of 3,097 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Latah County, 46.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,097 out of 2,368 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Shoshone County, 79.3%

Greatest risk to businesses with 238 out of 300 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Shoshone County, 77.5%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 31 out of 40 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Gem County, 76.9%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 10 out of 13
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 49

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Idaho
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Clark County 4.5% 1.8% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Idaho increase over the next 30 years
with a changing environment, an additional 7,616 residential properties, 1,558.0 2 Minidoka County 3.8% 2.4% 2.3% 0.0% 13.6%
miles of roads, 616 commercial properties, 20 infrastructure facilities, and 57
3 Elmore County 3.8% 1.1% 3.0% 2.2% 11.1%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Camas County 0.8% 1.1% 0.0% 18.2% 0.0%

5 Butte County 2.9% 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3%

6 Oneida County 1.9% 1.2% 2.9% 0.0% 13.3%

7 Franklin County 1.4% 0.8% 1.0% 14.3% 0.0%

8 Lemhi County 1.2% 0.6% 0.6% 5.0% 9.4%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Bannock County 1.5% 1.3% 2.0% 0.0% 10.5%

10 Caribou County 1.1% 1.1% 0.6% 11.1% 0.0%

• State Average 1.5% 1.0% 1.5% 1.7% 2.1%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Clark County, 4.5%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 5 additional residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Minidoka County, 2.4%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 68 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Custer County, 3.2%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 3 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Butte County, 14.3%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Clark County, 40.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 2
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 50

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Illinois
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Stickney 97.9% 80.2% 97.8% 100.0% 75.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Burnham 70.4% 65.7% 83.3% 100.0% 25.0%
well-being of an area. In Illinois, there are 413,129 residential properties, 50,977
3 Midlothian 48.2% 45.5% 54.7% 100.0% 69.2%
miles of roads, 36,816 commercial properties, 996 infrastructure facilities, and
2,476 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Tuscola 50.6% 58.7% 46.3% 57.1% 33.3%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Illinois, additional 5 Milan 40.4% 39.3% 64.2% 100.0% 0.0%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 South Beloit 18.7% 28.0% 62.1% 100.0% 33.3%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Palos Hills 61.9% 54.4% 49.1% 25.0% 50.0%

8 Beardstown 58.1% 49.6% 73.5% 0.0% 55.6%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Galena 14.2% 31.1% 64.4% 75.0% 38.1%

10 Wilmington 19.7% 26.5% 51.4% 80.0% 44.4%

• State Average 12.1% 19.6% 16.0% 18.6% 16.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Stickney, 97.9%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,916 out of 1,958 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Stickney, 80.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 32 out of 40 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Stickney, 97.8%

Greatest risk to businesses with 89 out of 91 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Midlothian, 69.2%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 9 out of 13 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Stickney, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 7 out of 7 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 51

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Illinois
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Alexander County 32.9% 52.8% 31.6% 31.6% 35.7%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of
flood risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well 2 Rock Island County 14.4% 27.1% 31.0% 52.6% 20.7%
as help lower insurance costs. In Illinois, Cook County has the largest number
3 Cass County 37.7% 30.4% 34.6% 0.0% 30.0%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 971,350 out of 1,413,062 properties protected. 4 Cook County 20.3% 22.5% 26.7% 26.2% 25.0%

5 Pulaski County 23.9% 22.0% 14.7% 16.0% 42.9%

6 Jo Daviess County 8.0% 21.7% 15.0% 40.8% 31.5%

7 Douglas County 21.0% 18.8% 22.1% 19.2% 16.7%

8 Scott County 15.4% 31.7% 14.5% 26.7% 8.3%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Union County 11.8% 37.7% 16.2% 15.8% 15.2%

10 LaSalle County 13.0% 19.7% 15.6% 30.0% 16.9%

• State Average 12.1% 19.6% 16.0% 18.6% 16.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Cass County, 37.7%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,477 out of 3,920 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Alexander County, 52.8%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 352 out of 666 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Cass County, 34.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 189 out of 547 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Pulaski County, 42.9%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 6 out of 14 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Rock Island County, 52.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 40 out of 76
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 52

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Illinois
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Union County 0.3% 0.5% 0.0% 10.5% 0.0%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Illinois increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 13,823 residential properties, 2 Putnam County 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 8.3%
973.0 miles of roads, 880 commercial properties, 29 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Effingham County 0.1% 0.4% 0.1% 6.5% 0.0%
88 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Jersey County 0.3% 0.6% 0.3% 5.9% 0.0%

5 Madison County 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% 4.8% 0.0%

6 Lake County 0.2% 0.6% 0.4% 2.4% 0.5%

7 Cook County 0.8% 0.9% 0.7% 0.4% 1.2%

8 Jackson County 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 2.0% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Christian County 0.4% 0.4% 0.2% 2.3% 0.0%

10 Grundy County 0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 2.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Alexander County, 1.1%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 16 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Greene County, 1.0%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 15 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Gallatin County, 1.6%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 1 additional commercial building at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Putnam County, 8.3%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Union County, 10.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 2
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 53

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Indiana
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Peru 80.4% 67.2% 85.5% 70.0% 60.7%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Aurora 28.7% 57.2% 88.3% 62.5% 81.8%
well-being of an area. In Indiana, there are 208,993 residential properties,
3 Logansport 48.9% 51.1% 58.6% 60.0% 43.3%
33,025 miles of roads, 17,289 commercial properties, 792 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,107 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following 4 Portland 32.8% 29.0% 49.0% 70.6% 61.1%
pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Indiana, 5 East Chicago 51.9% 49.2% 37.9% 23.5% 46.5%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Dyer 37.0% 57.2% 37.7% 60.0% 16.7%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Tipton 33.1% 52.3% 45.5% 40.0% 12.5%

8 Hammond 33.6% 48.3% 30.2% 33.3% 30.5%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Munster 37.1% 67.3% 23.5% 14.3% 19.0%

10 Mishawaka 26.0% 40.5% 28.1% 31.3% 27.1%

• State Average 9.4% 19.3% 14.5% 19.6% 11.8%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Peru, 80.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 3,501 out of 4,352 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Munster, 67.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 77 out of 115 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Aurora, 88.3%

Greatest risk to businesses with 106 out of 120 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Aurora, 81.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 9 out of 11 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Portland, 70.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 12 out of 17
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 54

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Indiana
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Miami County 33.3% 18.1% 45.0% 41.7% 34.4%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Switzerland County 21.2% 39.5% 22.3% 42.1% 34.8%
lower insurance costs. In Indiana, Vanderburgh County has the largest number
3 Cass County 27.7% 17.6% 44.0% 28.2% 32.0%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 29,936 out of 78,692 properties protected. 4 Brown County 13.5% 33.8% 27.1% 40.0% 25.0%

5 Ohio County 18.4% 35.3% 25.7% 50.0% 9.1%

6 Jay County 14.7% 14.1% 25.6% 42.1% 29.7%

7 Dearborn County 6.6% 24.0% 29.9% 30.8% 20.3%

8 Orange County 12.5% 25.5% 20.1% 36.4% 14.3%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 St. Joseph County 14.4% 21.6% 19.6% 30.6% 21.3%

10 Posey County 8.1% 35.7% 11.7% 27.8% 22.6%

• State Average 9.4% 19.3% 14.5% 19.6% 11.8%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Miami County, 33.3%

Greatest risk to property owners with 4,343 out of 13,031 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Switzerland County, 39.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 238 out of 603 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Miami County, 45.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 411 out of 914 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Switzerland County, 34.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 8 out of 23 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Ohio County, 50.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 8 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 55

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Indiana
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Switzerland County 0.9% 0.5% 2.6% 0.0% 4.3%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Indiana increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 7,009 residential properties, 2 Knox County 1.0% 0.5% 1.4% 0.0% 4.1%
832.0 miles of roads, 563 commercial properties, 12 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Randolph County 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 4.8% 0.0%
41 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Crawford County 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 5.0% 0.0%

5 Henry County 0.3% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0% 4.6%

6 Owen County 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 4.3% 0.0%

7 Vigo County 0.6% 0.7% 0.5% 0.0% 3.0%

8 Dearborn County 0.3% 0.4% 0.6% 0.0% 3.1%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Carroll County 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 3.2%

10 Floyd County 0.2% 0.6% 1.0% 2.3% 0.0%

• State Average 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.4%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Knox County, 1.0%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 135 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Vanderburgh County, 1.2%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 22 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Switzerland County, 2.6%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 9 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Henry County, 4.6%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 4 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Crawford County, 5.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 56

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Iowa
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Evansdale 58.5% 49.4% 85.7% 66.7% 50.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Council Bluffs 31.8% 46.6% 46.6% 38.9% 54.2%
well-being of an area. In Iowa, there are 104,464 residential properties, 20,288
3 Decorah 34.2% 45.8% 44.1% 57.1% 20.8%
miles of roads, 12,673 commercial properties, 535 infrastructure facilities, and
697 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Charles City 19.1% 33.5% 30.7% 80.0% 20.8%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Iowa, additional 5 Waterloo 22.9% 35.1% 45.8% 43.8% 34.4%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Waverly 24.0% 28.9% 34.3% 33.3% 50.0%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Red Oak 26.8% 41.2% 42.0% 40.0% 12.5%

8 Camanche 31.7% 28.9% 17.8% 83.3% 0.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Dubuque 19.3% 30.4% 34.4% 45.8% 20.2%

10 Sioux City 16.4% 29.7% 42.2% 23.5% 31.3%

• State Average 9.7% 11.2% 16.8% 18.1% 12.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Evansdale, 58.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,013 out of 1,732 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Evansdale, 49.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 29 out of 58 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Evansdale, 85.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 60 out of 70 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Clinton, 58.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 20 out of 34 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Camanche, 83.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 57

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Iowa
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Pottawattamie County 24.2% 21.3% 35.7% 28.3% 41.7%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Black Hawk County 19.9% 20.1% 36.7% 26.3% 29.4%
lower insurance costs. In Iowa, Pottawattamie County has the largest number
3 Clayton County 21.4% 19.1% 26.9% 32.5% 29.9%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 13,647 out of 76,099 properties protected. 4 Van Buren County 19.7% 19.0% 25.9% 13.6% 50.0%

5 Allamakee County 14.1% 26.3% 25.3% 32.0% 27.5%

6 Wapello County 16.4% 17.3% 41.9% 33.3% 11.8%

7 Mills County 18.2% 21.1% 36.9% 31.6% 12.0%

8 Woodbury County 16.4% 16.9% 37.6% 21.7% 25.5%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Clinton County 23.4% 15.1% 10.1% 32.7% 31.4%

10 Dubuque County 14.5% 17.9% 25.8% 28.8% 20.2%

• State Average 9.7% 11.2% 16.8% 18.1% 12.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Pottawattamie County, 24.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 7,535 out of 31,166 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Allamakee County, 26.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 404 out of 1,539 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Franklin County, 60.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 3 out of 5 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Van Buren County, 50.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 8 out of 16 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Shelby County, 50.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 13 out of 26
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 58

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Iowa
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Washington County 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 8.0%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Iowa increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 172 residential properties, 2 Winneshiek County 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.5%
19 commercial properties, and 5 social facilities will be at risk of becoming
3 Johnson County 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 1.1%
inoperable.*
4 Delaware County 0.4% 0.1% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0%

5 Page County 0.2% 0.2% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0%

6 Muscatine County 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%

7 Mills County 0.2% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Louisa County 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Bremer County 0.1% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Fremont County 0.0% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -0.1% 0.1%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Delaware County, 0.4%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 26 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Mills County, 0.6%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 8 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Page County, 0.8%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 6 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Washington County, 8.0%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 4 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 59

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Kansas
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Haysville 31.8% 47.3% 47.8% 100.0% 20.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Abilene 22.6% 38.2% 32.4% 50.0% 34.2%
well-being of an area. In Kansas, there are 80,685 residential properties, 41,186
3 Hutchinson 28.7% 52.0% 41.2% 25.0% 22.2%
miles of roads, 9,644 commercial properties, 334 infrastructure facilities, and 482
social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages provide 4 Liberal 22.2% 36.1% 27.8% 60.0% 19.4%
an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Kansas, additional 5 Manhattan 13.6% 30.9% 30.9% 46.7% 29.9%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Concordia 11.0% 29.2% 28.9% 50.0% 21.1%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Valley Center 31.4% 40.4% 27.5% 0.0% 35.7%

8 Park City 11.1% 20.2% 40.5% 60.0% 0.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Fairway 5.0% 23.6% 25.0% 0.0% 60.0%

10 Mission 5.0% 19.5% 31.6% 50.0% 6.7%

• State Average 8.6% 18.8% 15.0% 12.5% 9.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Haysville, 31.8%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,164 out of 3,666 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Hutchinson, 52.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 183 out of 351 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Haysville, 47.8%

Greatest risk to businesses with 77 out of 161 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Fairway, 60.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 3 out of 5 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Liberal, 60.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 6 out of 10
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 60

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Kansas
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Wichita County 63.8% 11.7% 45.2% 60.0% 100.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of
flood risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well 2 Edwards County 57.4% 34.9% 44.3% 44.4% 44.4%
as help lower insurance costs. In Kansas, Saline County has the largest number
3 Stevens County 38.4% 19.2% 20.3% 30.0% 20.0%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 17,353 out of 26,225 properties protected. 4 Seward County 20.8% 16.6% 26.8% 46.7% 16.7%

5 Riley County 13.4% 20.5% 26.6% 21.7% 25.9%

6 Reno County 22.4% 22.5% 32.4% 8.2% 17.8%

7 Cloud County 9.4% 14.8% 23.6% 36.8% 17.2%

8 Chase County 15.6% 21.7% 17.6% 26.7% 18.2%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Pottawatomie County 12.1% 21.1% 22.9% 32.7% 10.6%

10 Wyandotte County 8.4% 23.3% 30.5% 29.2% 7.0%

• State Average 8.6% 18.8% 15.0% 12.5% 9.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Edwards County, 57.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 731 out of 1,273 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Edwards County, 34.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 521 out of 1,494 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Wichita County, 45.2%

Greatest risk to businesses with 28 out of 62 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Wichita County, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 3 out of 3 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Wichita County, 60.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 3 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 61

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Kansas
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Wilson County 0.1% 0.2% 1.6% 3.6% 0.0%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Kansas increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 1,226 residential properties, 2 Wabaunsee County 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2%
73.0 miles of roads, 102 commercial properties, 2 infrastructure facilities, and 9
3 Shawnee County 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 2.7% 0.7%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Rice County 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 3.2%

5 Jefferson County 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 2.4% 0.0%

6 Leavenworth County 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 2.2% 0.0%

7 Reno County 0.6% 0.4% 0.5% 0.0% 1.0%

8 Harvey County 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 1.2%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Butler County 0.1% 0.2% 0.8% 0.0% 0.8%

10 Sedgwick County 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.0% 0.6%

• State Average 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Edwards County, 0.6%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 8 additional residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Sedgwick County, 0.4%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 27 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Wilson County, 1.6%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 5 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Stanton County, 33.3%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Wilson County, 3.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 62

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Kentucky
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Ashland 17.9% 45.8% 80.1% 85.0% 61.7%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Hazard 29.4% 47.4% 68.5% 75.0% 25.0%
well-being of an area. In Kentucky, there are 143,468 residential properties,
3 Dayton 20.9% 51.5% 42.6% 60.0% 25.0%
44,663 miles of roads, 15,363 commercial properties, 757 infrastructure facilities,
and 991 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Frankfort 13.7% 28.2% 35.0% 62.5% 54.3%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Kentucky, 5 Westwood 22.5% 40.7% 50.0% 66.7% 0.0%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Corbin 21.8% 29.9% 37.1% 60.0% 21.7%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Cynthiana 15.0% 32.2% 39.7% 50.0% 8.0%

8 Lebanon 7.7% 20.1% 19.6% 42.9% 43.8%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Morehead 36.0% 40.6% 31.3% 14.3% 9.1%

10 Louisville 12.8% 33.5% 18.0% 34.0% 16.4%

• State Average 11.7% 33.1% 16.0% 29.6% 15.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Morehead, 36.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 420 out of 1,167 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Dayton, 51.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 15 out of 29 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Ashland, 80.1%

Greatest risk to businesses with 419 out of 523 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Ashland, 61.7%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 29 out of 47 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Ashland, 85.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 17 out of 20
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 63

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Kentucky
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Johnson County 70.6% 74.0% 77.3% 66.7% 79.7%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Magoffin County 64.9% 76.4% 65.7% 66.7% 81.8%
lower insurance costs. In Kentucky, McCracken County has the largest number
3 Leslie County 71.1% 69.2% 61.7% 83.3% 69.2%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 11,400 out of 34,617 properties protected. 4 Letcher County 68.8% 70.3% 44.4% 90.5% 65.4%

5 Floyd County 70.4% 75.5% 54.1% 68.3% 68.3%

6 Martin County 73.2% 69.4% 62.0% 61.5% 66.7%

7 Lawrence County 53.8% 64.1% 64.8% 64.3% 73.7%

8 Perry County 49.9% 63.9% 60.4% 86.4% 48.4%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Harlan County 60.7% 58.9% 72.2% 46.3% 48.3%

10 Breathitt County 65.6% 71.6% 55.5% 60.0% 33.3%

• State Average 11.7% 33.1% 16.0% 29.6% 15.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Martin County, 73.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,368 out of 1,868 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Magoffin County, 76.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 790 out of 1,035 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Johnson County, 77.3%

Greatest risk to businesses with 170 out of 220 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Magoffin County, 81.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 18 out of 22 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Letcher County, 90.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 19 out of 21
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 64

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Kentucky
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Leslie County 0.4% 0.2% 1.1% 0.0% 7.7%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Kentucky increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 4,528 residential properties, 2 Lewis County 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 7.1% 0.0%
578.0 miles of roads, 442 commercial properties, 11 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Daviess County 0.7% 0.9% 0.7% 1.7% 2.8%
29 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Ohio County 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 5.0% 0.0%

5 Perry County 0.5% 0.4% 1.1% 0.0% 3.2%

6 Union County 0.4% 0.4% 1.0% 3.3% 0.0%

7 Adair County 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.0% 3.7%

8 Jefferson County 0.5% 0.9% 0.9% 1.4% 1.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Woodford County 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.0% 3.5%

10 Harlan County 0.7% 0.4% 3.5% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Carroll County, 2.6%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 77 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Jefferson County, 0.9%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 41 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Harlan County, 3.5%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 8 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Leslie County, 7.7%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Lewis County, 7.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 65

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Louisiana
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Terrytown 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Galliano 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In Louisiana, there are 527,860 residential properties,
3 Cut Off 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
46,543 miles of roads, 23,838 commercial properties, 1,481 infrastructure
facilities, and 2,154 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The 4 Patterson 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
following pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities 5 Woodmere 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
in Louisiana, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and
6 Timberlane 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
county can be found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Houma 100.0% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

8 Arabi 100.0% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Metairie 100.0% 99.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

10 Bayou Cane 100.0% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

• State Average 42.1% 36.0% 37.2% 44.9% 40.0%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Metairie, 100.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 36,577 out of 36,577 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Galliano, 100.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 97 out of 97 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Houma, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 825 out of 825 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: New Orleans, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 801 out of 801 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Belle Chasse, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 40 out of 40
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 66

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Louisiana
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Cameron Parish 99.2% 98.3% 100.0% 96.4% 100.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Orleans Parish 100.0% 98.5% 99.9% 94.5% 100.0%
lower insurance costs. In Louisiana, Avoyelles Parish has the largest number
3 Jefferson Parish 100.0% 97.5% 100.0% 95.4% 100.0%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 26,460 out of 26,460 properties protected. 4 St. Bernard Parish 99.9% 98.8% 100.0% 92.5% 100.0%

5 Plaquemines Parish 99.6% 96.4% 99.8% 85.4% 95.5%

6 Terrebonne Parish 96.7% 92.6% 96.5% 93.2% 94.6%

7 St. Charles Parish 97.0% 87.5% 98.3% 68.6% 95.7%

8 St. John the Baptist Parish 92.6% 72.6% 95.6% 55.2% 80.9%
County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Vermilion Parish 70.7% 76.6% 74.9% 84.2% 61.1%

10 Lafourche Parish 72.3% 79.2% 63.6% 67.7% 70.0%

• State Average 42.1% 36.0% 37.2% 44.9% 40.0%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Orleans Parish, 100.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 96,215 out of 96,224 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: St. Bernard Parish, 98.8%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 533 out of 539 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Jefferson Parish, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 843 out of 843 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Orleans Parish, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 801 out of 801 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Cameron Parish, 96.4%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 107 out of
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls 111 at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 67

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Louisiana
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 St. Mary Parish 27.8% 32.9% 28.1% 15.7% 38.7%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Louisiana increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 46,065 residential properties, 2 Iberia Parish 27.1% 18.0% 15.9% 12.5% 37.4%
3,699.0 miles of roads, 2,018 commercial properties, 124 infrastructure facilities,
3 Vermilion Parish 18.9% 12.3% 22.7% 5.3% 27.8%
and 218 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Lafourche Parish 11.7% 9.1% 18.5% 7.5% 16.7%

5 Assumption Parish 14.1% 11.6% 15.8% 11.5% 6.7%

6 St. Tammany Parish 13.1% 7.8% 6.0% 11.7% 17.8%

7 Calcasieu Parish 12.5% 9.8% 12.5% 8.6% 9.8%

8 St. James Parish 11.9% 8.4% 5.2% 8.9% 9.1%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Acadia Parish 3.9% 7.3% 3.5% 13.7% 4.9%

10 Livingston Parish 3.0% 6.0% 4.4% 9.3% 9.6%

• State Average 3.7% 2.9% 3.1% 3.8% 4.0%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: St. Mary Parish, 27.8%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 3,844 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: St. Mary Parish, 32.9%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 496 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: St. Mary Parish, 28.1%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 455 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: St. Mary Parish, 38.7%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 36 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: St. Mary Parish, 15.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 19
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 68

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Maine
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Gardiner 5.7% 20.4% 50.4% 100.0% 20.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Brewer 20.1% 31.7% 36.4% 40.0% 33.3%
well-being of an area. In Maine, there are 23,544 residential properties, 11,618
3 Skowhegan 12.2% 24.4% 29.6% 57.1% 28.6%
miles of roads, 1,989 commercial properties, 244 infrastructure facilities, and
292 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Old Town 16.9% 22.6% 24.0% 50.0% 20.0%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Maine, additional 5 Auburn 9.0% 20.5% 35.8% 36.4% 30.2%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Bath 13.6% 20.1% 24.5% 63.6% 8.7%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Yarmouth 5.5% 18.0% 13.7% 75.0% 15.8%

8 Bangor 6.2% 19.4% 19.7% 53.8% 22.7%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Lewiston 10.6% 24.2% 22.2% 47.1% 11.1%

10 Rockland 6.9% 12.6% 16.6% 66.7% 11.4%

• State Average 8.1% 17.8% 15.8% 23.6% 12.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Brewer, 20.1%

Greatest risk to property owners with 590 out of 2,932 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Brewer, 31.7%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 30 out of 95 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Gardiner, 50.4%

Greatest risk to businesses with 60 out of 119 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Brewer, 33.3%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 3 out of 9 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Gardiner, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 69

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Maine
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Somerset County 9.7% 22.3% 22.5% 39.5% 20.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Oxford County 13.9% 28.5% 17.9% 28.1% 17.6%
lower insurance costs. In Maine, Sagadahoc County has the largest number
3 Penobscot County 10.2% 16.9% 21.2% 37.7% 15.8%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 507 out of 19,620 properties protected. 4 Androscoggin County 9.3% 17.1% 27.1% 29.1% 18.9%

5 Aroostook County 8.9% 16.9% 18.4% 26.5% 23.0%

6 Knox County 5.0% 14.0% 15.8% 42.6% 15.5%

7 Franklin County 10.2% 27.4% 17.6% 16.7% 18.8%

8 Kennebec County 7.1% 13.5% 17.9% 31.3% 15.9%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Piscataquis County 13.0% 20.0% 24.0% 21.4% 5.6%

10 Sagadahoc County 8.0% 15.8% 15.6% 28.6% 8.1%

• State Average 8.1% 17.8% 15.8% 23.6% 12.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Oxford County, 13.9%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,526 out of 11,014 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Oxford County, 28.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,262 out of 4,424 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Androscoggin County, 27.1%

Greatest risk to businesses with 310 out of 1,143 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Aroostook County, 23.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 26 out of 113 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Knox County, 42.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 23 out of 54
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 70

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Maine
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Cumberland County 1.3% 1.2% 3.4% 7.9% 1.5%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Maine increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 2,771 residential properties, 2 Washington County 2.1% 1.0% 4.4% 3.5% 0.0%
506.0 miles of roads, 274 commercial properties, 21 infrastructure facilities, and
3 York County 2.0% 1.2% 5.2% 1.0% 1.5%
22 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Knox County 0.7% 1.2% 1.2% 1.9% 2.7%

5 Franklin County 0.5% 0.7% 1.8% 0.0% 3.1%

6 Sagadahoc County 0.8% 1.1% 1.5% 0.0% 2.7%

7 Androscoggin County 0.4% 0.8% 1.0% 0.0% 1.3%

8 Somerset County 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.0% 1.7%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Hancock County 0.6% 0.9% 0.6% 1.1% 0.0%

10 Kennebec County 0.3% 0.6% 0.7% 1.6% 0.0%

• State Average 0.9% 0.8% 2.2% 2.0% 1.0%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Washington County, 2.1%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 156 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: York County, 1.2%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 56 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: York County, 5.2%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 126 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Franklin County, 3.1%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 2 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Cumberland County, 7.9%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 14
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 71

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Maryland
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Crisfield 96.2% 99.4% 85.6% 80.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Ocean City 87.5% 81.3% 82.6% 87.5% 77.8%
well-being of an area. In Maryland, there are 112,187 residential properties,
3 Ocean Pines 49.3% 45.1% 5.6% 33.3% 100.0%
11,990 miles of roads, 8,445 commercial properties, 379 infrastructure facilities,
and 826 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 West Ocean City 62.5% 56.9% 29.7% 0.0% 66.7%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Maryland, 5 Shady Side 43.2% 37.8% 30.2% 50.0% 22.2%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Bowleys Quarters 33.4% 46.6% 22.1% 50.0% 0.0%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Cambridge 21.8% 29.9% 10.8% 55.6% 27.0%

8 East Riverdale 4.3% 15.9% 15.4% 100.0% 7.1%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Forestville 4.1% 13.0% 8.6% 100.0% 16.0%

10 La Vale 20.0% 32.0% 37.1% 0.0% 50.0%

• State Average 6.6% 19.1% 13.6% 21.9% 9.7%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Crisfield, 96.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 955 out of 993 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Crisfield, 99.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 42 out of 43 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Crisfield, 85.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 77 out of 90 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Crisfield, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 11 out of 11 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Ocean City, 87.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 7 out of 8 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 72

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Maryland
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Somerset County 55.5% 50.0% 46.0% 54.1% 34.2%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Worcester County 50.4% 41.6% 37.2% 33.3% 26.7%
lower insurance costs. In Maryland, Montgomery County has the largest number
3 Dorchester County 30.5% 48.8% 23.4% 43.6% 31.7%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 57,248 out of 274,379 properties protected. 4 Allegany County 17.2% 31.1% 22.2% 47.4% 23.4%

5 Washington County 9.6% 23.7% 15.7% 31.3% 23.1%

6 Talbot County 13.3% 21.1% 12.8% 38.2% 14.1%

7 Wicomico County 11.5% 23.2% 20.0% 24.5% 18.7%

8 Garrett County 8.8% 17.3% 11.6% 31.5% 18.2%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Baltimore city 5.5% 20.3% 13.2% 30.3% 12.2%

10 Caroline County 9.5% 18.2% 19.4% 14.8% 16.1%

• State Average 6.6% 19.1% 13.6% 21.9% 9.7%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Somerset County, 55.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 4,610 out of 8,311 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Somerset County, 50.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 619 out of 1,237 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Somerset County, 46.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 324 out of 704 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Somerset County, 34.2%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 25 out of 73 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Somerset County, 54.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 20 out of 37
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 73

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Maryland
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Talbot County 15.7% 19.3% 8.7% 17.6% 16.9%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Maryland increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 22,849 residential properties, 2 Worcester County 15.6% 7.8% 16.8% 8.3% 5.6%
1,536.0 miles of roads, 1,379 commercial properties, 73 infrastructure facilities,
3 Queen Anne’s County 12.8% 6.8% 11.1% 4.1% 11.4%
and 102 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Dorchester County 5.4% 8.6% 5.9% 7.7% 3.2%

5 Somerset County 6.1% 5.8% 5.1% 5.4% 6.8%

6 Baltimore city 0.6% 2.9% 3.3% 16.3% 2.8%

7 St. Mary’s County 1.6% 2.4% 0.8% 5.3% 1.8%

8 Wicomico County 1.5% 4.5% 2.2% 1.9% 1.5%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Charles County 0.8% 2.0% 0.7% 7.2% 0.5%

10 Cecil County 1.4% 1.3% 2.0% 3.6% 1.7%

• State Average 1.3% 2.4% 2.2% 4.2% 1.2%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Talbot County, 15.7%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 2,220 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Talbot County, 19.3%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 310 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Worcester County, 16.8%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 346 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Talbot County, 16.9%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 12 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Talbot County, 17.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 6
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 74

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Massachusetts
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Hull 68.6% 67.1% 88.6% 66.7% 81.8%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Adams 43.0% 64.1% 93.6% 66.7% 81.8%
well-being of an area. In Massachusetts, there are 162,798 residential properties,
3 Lawrence 27.6% 52.6% 69.2% 75.0% 61.5%
12,918 miles of roads, 14,644 commercial properties, 698 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,780 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Provincetown 38.4% 50.0% 59.7% 50.0% 67.1%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Massachusetts, 5 North Adams 27.4% 44.6% 66.9% 50.0% 60.6%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Salisbury 49.5% 55.3% 51.0% 60.0% 33.3%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Athol 20.8% 32.8% 69.0% 50.0% 62.5%

8 Saugus 20.9% 37.6% 42.0% 100.0% 26.3%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 East Sandwich 10.1% 23.0% 28.9% 100.0% 55.6%

10 West Springfield Town 16.2% 36.2% 67.6% 50.0% 36.4%

• State Average 11.6% 22.6% 25.3% 30.2% 19.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Hull, 68.6%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,765 out of 4,030 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Hull, 67.1%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 47 out of 71 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Adams, 93.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 88 out of 94 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Ware, 87.5%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 7 out of 8 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Webster, 85.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 6 out of 7 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 75

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Massachusetts
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Suffolk County 19.4% 34.1% 31.6% 45.2% 22.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Franklin County 15.8% 30.1% 28.9% 42.4% 22.1%
lower insurance costs. In Massachusetts, Hampden County has the largest
3 Berkshire County 16.7% 27.1% 37.4% 28.9% 25.5%
number of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation
projects or structures with 7,255 out of 155,596 properties protected. 4 Nantucket County 15.0% 27.7% 25.9% 30.8% 35.8%

5 Essex County 14.0% 24.1% 33.1% 37.6% 23.4%

6 Hampden County 10.7% 25.9% 32.7% 33.2% 29.4%

7 Barnstable County 12.3% 23.3% 18.4% 34.7% 22.0%

8 Hampshire County 10.0% 23.6% 27.4% 29.9% 19.3%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Middlesex County 11.4% 22.2% 25.4% 28.8% 18.8%

10 Norfolk County 11.7% 21.1% 22.5% 25.3% 16.4%

• State Average 11.6% 22.6% 25.3% 30.2% 19.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Suffolk County, 19.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 15,544 out of 80,306 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Suffolk County, 34.1%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 586 out of 1,717 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Berkshire County, 37.4%

Greatest risk to businesses with 704 out of 1,883 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Nantucket County, 35.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 19 out of 53 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Suffolk County, 45.2%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 80 out of
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls 177 at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 76

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Massachusetts
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Suffolk County 7.7% 13.6% 22.3% 19.8% 17.5%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Massachusetts increase over the
next 30 years with a changing environment, an additional 27,714 residential 2 Nantucket County 4.8% 8.8% 4.7% 7.7% 3.8%
properties, 1,181.0 miles of roads, 2,119 commercial properties, 72 infrastructure
3 Barnstable County 6.0% 4.6% 6.3% 3.0% 5.7%
facilities, and 379 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Essex County 2.5% 2.2% 4.7% 2.2% 4.5%

5 Dukes County 2.2% 3.0% 2.6% 2.9% 5.0%

6 Bristol County 1.4% 2.0% 2.3% 3.2% 1.7%

7 Plymouth County 2.2% 2.1% 2.7% 2.1% 1.4%

8 Norfolk County 1.7% 1.5% 1.5% 1.3% 2.7%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Middlesex County 0.6% 1.9% 1.3% 2.2% 2.6%

10 Hampden County 0.5% 0.9% 0.9% 1.6% 1.4%

• State Average 2.0% 2.1% 3.7% 3.1% 4.2%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Suffolk County, 7.7%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 6,221 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Suffolk County, 13.6%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 234 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Suffolk County, 22.3%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 875 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Suffolk County, 17.5%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 179 addition-
al facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Suffolk County, 19.8%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 35
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 77

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Michigan
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Grosse Pointe Woods 61.1% 70.7% 53.9% 100.0% 63.6%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Manitou Beach-Devils Lake 54.8% 38.7% 16.7% 100.0% 50.0%
well-being of an area. In Michigan, there are 341,902 residential properties,
3 Monroe 34.0% 53.7% 39.5% 50.0% 48.3%
27,517 miles of roads, 27,367 commercial properties, 595 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,549 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Benton Harbor 5.9% 52.3% 43.1% 50.0% 52.6%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Michigan, 5 Albion 13.1% 22.6% 27.8% 100.0% 38.5%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Grandville 18.1% 38.6% 40.0% 50.0% 48.6%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Eaton Rapids 29.1% 40.2% 59.2% 40.0% 20.0%

8 Traverse City 19.9% 35.1% 42.3% 54.5% 28.2%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Cheboygan 18.5% 23.4% 46.3% 45.5% 40.0%

10 Muskegon 13.3% 36.4% 22.8% 66.7% 24.2%

• State Average 10.5% 17.7% 14.1% 16.6% 12.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: River Rouge, 83.1%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,055 out of 2,472 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Huntington Woods, 65.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 26 out of 39 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: River Rouge, 70.1%

Greatest risk to businesses with 122 out of 174 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Grosse Pointe Woods, 63.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 7 out of 11 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Muskegon, 66.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 16 out of 24
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 78

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Michigan
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Monroe County 16.9% 29.5% 21.6% 24.4% 19.9%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Midland County 16.3% 20.4% 24.8% 22.2% 26.5%
lower insurance costs. In Michigan, Macomb County has the largest number
3 Wayne County 10.7% 36.2% 20.0% 23.9% 15.8%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 9,798 out of 326,529 properties protected. 4 Macomb County 16.6% 38.6% 17.9% 18.0% 14.9%

5 Grand Traverse County 11.2% 16.8% 21.4% 36.0% 18.9%

6 Benzie County 15.8% 23.9% 25.9% 22.2% 16.2%

7 Leelanau County 18.0% 23.7% 20.5% 18.2% 17.2%

8 Kent County 11.2% 20.1% 23.4% 23.8% 17.6%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 St. Clair County 14.8% 31.1% 14.4% 21.0% 14.2%

10 Muskegon County 10.3% 18.4% 13.8% 32.4% 14.1%

• State Average 10.5% 17.7% 14.1% 16.6% 12.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Gladwin County, 27.1%

Greatest risk to property owners with 3,869 out of 14,285 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Macomb County, 38.6%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,855 out of 4,805 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Benzie County, 25.9%

Greatest risk to businesses with 129 out of 498 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Oceana County, 32.1%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 17 out of 53 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Grand Traverse County, 36.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 9 out of 25
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 79

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Michigan
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Alcona County 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 8.3%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Michigan increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 10,482 residential properties, 2 Lake County 0.1% 0.4% -0.6% 8.3% 0.0%
608.0 miles of roads, 833 commercial properties, 15 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Wayne County 0.5% 0.9% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2%
72 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Macomb County 0.6% 1.4% 0.9% 0.0% 1.6%

5 Muskegon County 0.3% 0.5% 0.3% 2.8% 0.4%

6 St. Joseph County 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 2.6% 0.0%

7 Chippewa County 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.0% 2.4%

8 Washtenaw County 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 1.1% 1.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Mackinac County 0.0% 0.4% 0.7% 0.0% 2.0%

10 Oakland County 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 1.0% 0.6%

• State Average 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Monroe County, 0.7%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 361 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Macomb County, 1.4%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 69 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Wayne County, 1.0%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 261 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Alcona County, 8.3%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Lake County, 8.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 80

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Minnesota
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 East Grand Forks 53.4% 60.6% 46.9% 75.0% 64.3%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Winona 48.6% 57.6% 65.0% 46.7% 49.1%
well-being of an area. In Minnesota, there are 155,269 residential properties,
3 Champlin 35.2% 56.3% 34.2% 100.0% 33.3%
29,473 miles of roads, 13,680 commercial properties, 515 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,141 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Anoka 27.1% 43.1% 33.2% 100.0% 38.7%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Minnesota, 5 North Mankato 35.9% 39.0% 49.4% 66.7% 44.4%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Little Falls 34.3% 38.9% 55.6% 57.1% 24.1%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 South St. Paul 10.5% 43.3% 68.2% 40.0% 31.6%

8 Isanti 11.0% 15.8% 40.3% 100.0% 12.5%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Arden Hills 9.1% 22.9% 15.5% 100.0% 27.3%

10 Red Wing 18.1% 32.7% 35.0% 53.8% 33.3%

• State Average 9.1% 11.9% 12.8% 15.8% 13.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: East Grand Forks, 53.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,365 out of 2,555 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: East Grand Forks, 60.6%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 56 out of 93 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: South St. Paul, 68.2%

Greatest risk to businesses with 150 out of 220 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: East Grand Forks, 64.3%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 9 out of 14 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: St. Louis Park, 66.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 81

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Minnesota
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Winona County 33.1% 24.5% 49.5% 21.7% 36.6%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Murray County 9.7% 5.5% 7.0% 43.2% 87.5%
lower insurance costs. In Minnesota, Winona County has the largest number
3 Houston County 18.0% 24.9% 21.3% 34.8% 29.8%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 6,535 out of 24,594 properties protected. 4 Ramsey County 7.6% 27.9% 18.5% 41.3% 16.2%

5 Fillmore County 15.5% 17.7% 21.2% 29.7% 24.0%

6 Lake of the Woods County 27.8% 11.2% 20.3% 0.0% 45.5%

7 Goodhue County 14.0% 20.6% 15.8% 30.2% 17.5%

8 Marshall County 9.6% 9.4% 7.0% 29.7% 37.5%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Cook County 8.8% 19.1% 22.9% 18.5% 23.8%

10 Hennepin County 9.8% 28.7% 18.9% 20.1% 15.2%

• State Average 9.1% 11.9% 12.8% 15.8% 13.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Winona County, 33.1%

Greatest risk to property owners with 5,110 out of 15,460 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Hennepin County, 28.7%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 2,076 out of 7,228 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Winona County, 49.5%

Greatest risk to businesses with 470 out of 949 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Murray County, 87.5%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 28 out of 32 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Murray County, 43.2%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 16 out of 37
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 82

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Minnesota
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Clearwater County 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 0.0% 4.3%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Minnesota increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 1,401 residential properties, 2 Yellow Medicine County 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 3.8% 0.0%
292.0 miles of roads, 137 commercial properties, and 5 social facilities will be at
3 Beltrami County 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 3.4% 0.0%
risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Sherburne County 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 2.5% 0.0%

5 Stearns County 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 1.0% 0.5%

6 Wright County 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 1.6% 0.0%

7 Koochiching County 0.6% 0.4% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Otter Tail County 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 1.3%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Lake County 0.3% 0.4% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Fillmore County 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 1.0%

• State Average 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Koochiching County, 0.6%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 28 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Hubbard County, 0.5%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 14 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Koochiching County, 0.8%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 2 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Clearwater County, 4.3%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Yellow Medicine County, 3.8%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 83

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Mississippi
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Waveland 95.1% 97.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Pascagoula 99.9% 95.3% 99.7% 96.0% 98.1%
well-being of an area. In Mississippi, there are 118,754 residential properties,
3 Pass Christian 81.3% 93.3% 92.6% 83.3% 100.0%
25,992 miles of roads, 9,470 commercial properties, 404 infrastructure facilities,
and 481 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Bay St. Louis 86.6% 91.2% 89.3% 100.0% 70.0%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Mississippi, 5 Moss Point 75.7% 73.2% 75.9% 87.5% 66.7%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Gautier 67.2% 60.5% 61.3% 50.0% 76.5%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 D’Iberville 55.4% 53.4% 69.5% 100.0% 28.6%

8 Gulf Park Estates 53.6% 82.0% 13.3% 50.0% 100.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 St. Martin 40.8% 65.2% 63.3% 66.7% 25.0%

10 Biloxi 46.1% 60.2% 41.7% 47.4% 49.2%

• State Average 13.7% 19.3% 20.1% 16.7% 12.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Pascagoula, 99.9%

Greatest risk to property owners with 6,639 out of 6,645 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Waveland, 97.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 134 out of 138 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Waveland, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 128 out of 128 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Pass Christian, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 5 out of 5 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Bay St. Louis, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 6 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 84

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Mississippi
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Hancock County 54.5% 60.6% 75.1% 63.6% 56.1%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Jackson County 49.2% 50.6% 60.7% 62.0% 56.7%
lower insurance costs. In Mississippi, Sunflower County has the largest number
3 Leflore County 55.6% 29.8% 48.5% 20.0% 50.0%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 16,046 out of 16,046 properties protected. 4 Harrison County 28.9% 38.7% 35.1% 46.7% 32.5%

5 Lowndes County 18.1% 27.4% 24.7% 20.0% 21.9%

6 Franklin County 8.6% 16.0% 0.0% 30.8% 50.0%

7 Marion County 14.7% 21.5% 26.6% 19.2% 20.0%

8 Claiborne County 14.4% 22.8% 26.7% 12.5% 24.2%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Forrest County 17.1% 22.2% 25.7% 18.2% 13.3%

10 Grenada County 12.7% 20.8% 17.0% 22.2% 20.8%

• State Average 13.7% 19.3% 20.1% 16.7% 12.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Leflore County, 55.6%

Greatest risk to property owners with 4,446 out of 7,997 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Hancock County, 60.6%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,005 out of 1,658 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Hancock County, 75.1%

Greatest risk to businesses with 450 out of 599 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Jackson County, 56.7%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 102 out of 180 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Hancock County, 63.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 21 out of 33
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 85

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Mississippi
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Harrison County 14.0% 7.7% 14.5% 14.0% 17.5%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Mississippi increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 19,452 residential properties, 2 Jackson County 12.4% 8.9% 16.4% 7.0% 21.7%
1,167.0 miles of roads, 1,289 commercial properties, 31 infrastructure facilities,
3 Hancock County 2.8% 5.1% 3.7% 0.0% 14.6%
and 96 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Leflore County 6.9% 1.0% 8.8% 3.3% 5.0%

5 Montgomery County 0.6% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 18.2%

6 Calhoun County 0.3% 0.3% 2.4% 8.3% 0.0%

7 Lowndes County 1.3% 1.0% 1.2% 4.0% 1.9%

8 Yazoo County 1.4% 1.4% 1.0% 4.2% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Covington County 0.4% 0.6% 0.0% 6.7% 0.0%

10 Tallahatchie County 0.7% 0.8% 3.6% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 2.2% 0.9% 2.7% 1.3% 2.6%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Harrison County, 14.0%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 8,817 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Jackson County, 8.9%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 186 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Jackson County, 16.4%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 373 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Jackson County, 21.7%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 39 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Harrison County, 14.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 15
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 86

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Missouri
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Valley Park 22.1% 50.3% 63.6% 60.0% 55.6%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Waynesville 18.4% 34.9% 31.0% 50.0% 70.0%
well-being of an area. In Missouri, there are 137,835 residential properties,
3 Village of Four Seasons 28.8% 5.5% 0.0% 35.7% 100.0%
56,098 miles of roads, 12,115 commercial properties, 1,238 infrastructure
facilities, and 806 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following 4 Rock Hill 6.7% 16.9% 31.3% 66.7% 40.0%
pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Missouri, 5 De Soto 13.1% 28.4% 51.0% 42.9% 8.3%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Smithville 6.0% 20.1% 37.5% 42.9% 36.4%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Glendale 6.4% 13.3% 16.7% 100.0% 0.0%

8 Maplewood 6.9% 19.8% 9.2% 100.0% 0.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 University City 10.2% 25.5% 26.4% 60.0% 8.5%

10 Dellwood 4.9% 10.9% 13.2% 100.0% 0.0%

• State Average 7.4% 22.7% 13.7% 19.8% 8.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Osage Beach, 31.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 519 out of 1,665 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Valley Park, 50.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 30 out of 60 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Valley Park, 63.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 103 out of 162 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Waynesville, 70.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 7 out of 10 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Pleasant Hill, 66.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 87

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Missouri
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Holt County 27.4% 38.0% 20.7% 30.0% 47.8%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Lewis County 12.9% 25.9% 86.7% 9.1% 21.1%
lower insurance costs. In Missouri, Pemiscot County has the largest number
3 Reynolds County 28.7% 36.9% 39.4% 31.8% 13.3%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 12,570 out of 12,888 properties protected. 4 Camden County 43.2% 24.4% 10.6% 48.9% 18.2%

5 Butler County 19.2% 42.4% 23.0% 20.8% 16.0%

6 Shannon County 15.4% 24.6% 19.2% 29.4% 25.0%

7 Wayne County 23.5% 33.4% 5.9% 17.4% 33.3%

8 Marion County 10.1% 26.1% 18.8% 26.9% 31.0%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Atchison County 10.7% 28.6% 17.8% 28.0% 27.8%

10 Stoddard County 11.4% 32.0% 20.2% 28.6% 14.5%

• State Average 7.4% 22.7% 13.7% 19.8% 8.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Camden County, 43.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 8,998 out of 20,827 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Butler County, 42.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,156 out of 2,723 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Lewis County, 86.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 13 out of 15 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Holt County, 47.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 11 out of 23 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Camden County, 48.9%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 235 out of
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls 481 at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 88

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Missouri
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Mississippi County 1.3% 0.7% 0.6% 5.0% 0.0%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Missouri increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 2,568 residential properties, 2 Cape Girardeau County 0.3% 0.4% 4.9% 1.0% 0.0%
431.0 miles of roads, 228 commercial properties, 10 infrastructure facilities, and
3 New Madrid County 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 4.3% 0.0%
12 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Holt County 0.5% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3%

5 St. Louis city 0.3% 0.8% 0.9% 2.3% 0.5%

6 Lawrence County 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0% 3.6%

7 Scott County 0.6% 0.6% 1.0% 0.0% 1.5%

8 St. Francois County 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 2.7% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 St. Charles County 0.2% 0.6% 0.6% 1.9% 0.0%

10 Pemiscot County 1.0% 0.8% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Mississippi County, 1.3%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 55 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: St. Louis city, 0.8%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 15 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Cape Girardeau County, 4.9%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 2 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Holt County, 4.3%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Mississippi County, 5.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 89

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Montana
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Red Lodge 62.7% 54.8% 100.0% 60.0% 85.7%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Evergreen 79.2% 70.2% 87.0% 0.0% 72.7%
well-being of an area. In Montana, there are 66,401 residential properties, 48,752
3 Helena Valley West Central 44.8% 37.2% 55.4% 60.0% 66.7%
miles of roads, 6,703 commercial properties, 448 infrastructure facilities, and 812
social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages provide 4 Anaconda-Deer Lodge County 40.5% 29.6% 58.3% 47.6% 67.6%
an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Montana, additional 5 Lewistown 29.1% 35.5% 52.9% 50.0% 41.4%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Lakeside 20.4% 27.2% 59.6% 100.0% 0.0%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Laurel 17.9% 16.3% 29.8% 100.0% 33.3%

8 Four Corners 29.1% 36.6% 35.8% 40.0% 50.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Big Sky 22.8% 21.0% 50.0% 66.7% 28.6%

10 Great Falls 14.1% 22.2% 22.0% 45.5% 60.2%

• State Average 21.8% 25.1% 28.3% 32.1% 29.1%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Evergreen, 79.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,547 out of 1,953 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Evergreen, 70.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 50 out of 72 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Red Lodge, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 103 out of 103 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Red Lodge, 85.7%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 12 out of 14 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Livingston, 68.8%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 11 out of 16
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 90

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Montana
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Lincoln County 45.8% 22.1% 57.0% 57.1% 63.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Deer Lodge County 40.5% 29.6% 58.3% 47.6% 67.6%
lower insurance costs. In Montana, Custer County has the largest number of
3 Sanders County 36.1% 34.6% 41.3% 56.3% 52.4%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 2,424 out of 11,826 properties protected. 4 Beaverhead County 53.9% 32.5% 44.3% 36.4% 50.0%

5 Broadwater County 41.5% 32.4% 57.5% 40.0% 41.7%

6 Madison County 33.8% 33.1% 39.7% 48.1% 40.0%

7 Mineral County 46.8% 23.8% 56.3% 36.4% 26.3%

8 Carbon County 35.1% 27.6% 50.4% 24.1% 50.0%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Jefferson County 25.5% 33.8% 43.4% 46.4% 35.3%

10 Stillwater County 33.8% 29.4% 35.0% 47.8% 32.5%

• State Average 21.8% 25.1% 28.3% 32.1% 29.1%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Beaverhead County, 53.9%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,401 out of 2,600 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Lewis and Clark County, 36.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,368 out of 3,757 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Deer Lodge County, 58.3%

Greatest risk to businesses with 154 out of 264 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Deer Lodge County, 67.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 23 out of 34 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Carter County, 66.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 6 out of 9 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 91

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Montana
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Pondera County 0.7% 0.6% 1.6% 16.7% 3.8%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Montana increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 2,982 residential properties, 2 Broadwater County 0.5% 0.5% 1.1% 20.0% 0.0%
1,041.0 miles of roads, 321 commercial properties, 14 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Lake County 1.0% 0.9% 2.2% 3.1% 5.8%
50 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Custer County 2.6% 0.4% 3.3% 0.0% 6.5%

5 Richland County 0.3% 0.3% 1.3% 0.0% 10.0%

6 Granite County 0.9% 0.5% 3.7% 6.7% 0.0%

7 Ravalli County 1.5% 0.6% 1.8% 2.1% 4.9%

8 Gallatin County 0.9% 0.7% 1.5% 2.2% 3.4%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Beaverhead County 1.9% 0.9% 2.5% 0.0% 3.1%

10 Teton County 0.7% 0.7% 2.3% 0.0% 4.5%

• State Average 1.0% 0.5% 1.4% 1.0% 1.8%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Blaine County, 3.4%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 11 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Deer Lodge County, 0.9%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 12 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Granite County, 3.7%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 3 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Richland County, 10.0%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 3 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Broadwater County, 20.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 3
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 92

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Nebraska
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Schuyler 76.0% 75.0% 77.0% 75.0% 90.9%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Cozad 47.2% 69.8% 41.6% 16.7% 66.7%
well-being of an area. In Nebraska, there are 56,589 residential properties, 32,998
3 Fremont 38.3% 64.9% 39.9% 50.0% 28.1%
miles of roads, 7,246 commercial properties, 331 infrastructure facilities, and 550
social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages provide 4 South Sioux City 24.5% 41.1% 42.8% 50.0% 60.0%
an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Nebraska, additional 5 Columbus 46.0% 49.3% 49.1% 28.6% 45.0%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Ogallala 13.3% 29.9% 53.9% 40.0% 50.0%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Crete 26.7% 37.4% 41.8% 50.0% 30.8%

8 Plattsmouth 13.2% 33.9% 46.2% 50.0% 4.5%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Norfolk 19.3% 36.7% 35.7% 20.0% 30.8%

10 Sidney 14.5% 30.6% 35.6% 33.3% 23.1%

• State Average 9.5% 20.7% 16.8% 19.7% 13.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Schuyler, 76.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,173 out of 1,543 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Schuyler, 75.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 47 out of 62 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Schuyler, 77.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 114 out of 148 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Schuyler, 90.9%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 10 out of 11 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Wayne, 50.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 8 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 93

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Nebraska
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Colfax County 48.0% 34.1% 55.2% 80.0% 60.6%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Platte County 35.5% 28.9% 43.2% 37.9% 51.8%
lower insurance costs. In Nebraska, Colfax County has the largest number of
3 Garden County 42.8% 28.5% 50.6% 44.4% 27.3%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 2,755 out of 8,207 properties protected. 4 Dakota County 27.9% 31.5% 43.8% 40.0% 48.6%

5 Madison County 18.0% 25.5% 31.4% 38.5% 46.3%

6 Arthur County 40.7% 40.7% 0.0% 50.0% 25.0%

7 Dodge County 35.3% 35.1% 36.0% 25.8% 23.2%

8 Keith County 11.6% 24.0% 47.4% 23.5% 39.3%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Burt County 22.2% 25.1% 23.6% 22.7% 42.9%

10 Garfield County 12.8% 29.9% 27.6% 42.9% 22.2%

• State Average 9.5% 20.7% 16.8% 19.7% 13.9%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Colfax County, 48.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,573 out of 3,278 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Arthur County, 40.7%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 218 out of 537 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Colfax County, 55.2%

Greatest risk to businesses with 155 out of 281 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Colfax County, 60.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 20 out of 33 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Colfax County, 80.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 12 out of 15
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 94

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Nebraska
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Scotts Bluff County 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 2.6%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Nebraska change over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 70 residential properties will be 2 Dodge County 0.8% 0.4% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%
at risk of becoming inoperable.*
3 Colfax County 0.9% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

4 Butler County 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%

5 Dakota County 0.9% -0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%

6 Cuming County 0.5% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

7 Madison County 0.2% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Merrick County 0.1% -0.1% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Richardson County 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Platte County 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.0% -0.1% 0.0% -0.2% -0.3%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Dakota County, 0.9%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 48 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Colfax County, 0.6%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 10 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Dodge County, 1.0%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 9 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Scotts Bluff County, 2.6%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 2 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 95

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Nevada
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Gardnerville 44.3% 52.9% 56.5% 50.0% 71.4%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Lemmon Valley 29.8% 27.8% 66.7% 66.7% 50.0%
well-being of an area. In Nevada, there are 53,567 residential properties, 33,217
3 Carson City 18.4% 24.3% 26.4% 52.0% 45.7%
miles of roads, 2,979 commercial properties, 133 infrastructure facilities, and 399
social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages provide 4 Ely 21.6% 23.8% 43.6% 25.0% 41.2%
an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Nevada, additional 5 Fernley 24.0% 23.3% 14.5% 40.0% 41.2%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Kingsbury 4.0% 22.6% 36.0% 33.3% 40.0%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Reno 20.2% 22.2% 24.9% 26.8% 21.8%

8 Dayton 14.7% 23.5% 34.7% 16.7% 23.1%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Sandy Valley 36.3% 23.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0%

10 Sparks 14.8% 15.4% 23.7% 40.0% 8.0%

• State Average 14.2% 26.6% 23.8% 18.1% 15.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Gardnerville, 44.3%

Greatest risk to property owners with 911 out of 2,055 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Gardnerville, 52.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 27 out of 52 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Lemmon Valley, 66.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 6 out of 9 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Gardnerville, 71.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 10 out of 14 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Carson City, 52.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 13 out of 25
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 96

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Nevada
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Lincoln County 41.0% 35.1% 63.2% 26.7% 52.6%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of
flood risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well 2 Douglas County 19.0% 30.1% 59.1% 24.1% 42.6%
as help lower insurance costs. In Nevada, Clark County has the largest number
3 Carson City 18.4% 24.3% 26.4% 52.0% 45.7%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 127,524 out of 764,624 properties protected. 4 Storey County 21.7% 29.8% 34.2% 46.7% 17.6%

5 White Pine County 21.2% 31.0% 40.2% 27.8% 28.6%

6 Lyon County 21.9% 23.5% 27.7% 25.6% 42.1%

7 Washoe County 16.6% 25.0% 23.8% 24.8% 16.4%

8 Nye County 23.5% 24.5% 18.5% 10.0% 24.6%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Lander County 17.6% 23.3% 9.8% 22.2% 25.0%

10 Elko County 8.0% 28.9% 19.6% 25.5% 13.3%

• State Average 14.2% 26.6% 23.8% 18.1% 15.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Lincoln County, 41.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 454 out of 1,106 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Lincoln County, 35.1%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 2,851 out of 8,122 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Lincoln County, 63.2%

Greatest risk to businesses with 12 out of 19 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Lincoln County, 52.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 10 out of 19 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Carson City, 52.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 13 out of 25
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 97

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Nevada
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Humboldt County 1.3% 0.8% 1.0% 4.0% 3.7%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Nevada increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 2,163 residential properties, 2 Nye County 1.2% 0.7% 1.0% 2.5% 0.0%
921.0 miles of roads, 218 commercial properties, 2 infrastructure facilities, and 13
3 Washoe County 0.9% 0.8% 2.9% 0.0% 0.7%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Elko County 0.5% 0.8% 0.3% 0.0% 3.3%

5 Storey County 0.3% 0.4% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0%

6 Carson City 0.6% 0.4% 1.0% 0.0% 1.0%

7 Lyon County 1.4% 0.5% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Clark County 0.2% 0.7% 0.2% 0.0% 0.4%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Lincoln County 0.5% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Eureka County 0.7% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.6% 0.7% 1.7% 0.3% 0.5%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Lyon County, 1.4%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 275 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Lincoln County, 0.9%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 76 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Washoe County, 2.9%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 180 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Humboldt County, 3.7%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Humboldt County, 4.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 98

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

New Hampshire
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Franklin 11.3% 27.5% 44.0% 66.7% 55.6%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Lebanon 14.6% 31.4% 42.3% 63.6% 42.9%
well-being of an area. In New Hampshire, there are 38,857 residential properties,
3 Keene 20.1% 35.5% 50.6% 66.7% 11.1%
7,917 miles of roads, 3,529 commercial properties, 230 infrastructure facilities,
and 298 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Littleton 26.4% 31.0% 43.0% 33.3% 36.8%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in New Hampshire, 5 Milford 8.7% 24.0% 27.8% 50.0% 33.3%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Laconia 22.0% 20.8% 44.8% 25.0% 30.8%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Berlin 11.8% 29.6% 36.2% 28.6% 23.1%

8 Portsmouth 11.7% 21.2% 18.0% 65.0% 12.7%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Claremont 10.3% 31.4% 30.6% 25.0% 15.8%

10 Somersworth 5.4% 8.2% 4.3% 60.0% 30.0%

• State Average 11.9% 25.8% 24.9% 28.8% 17.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Littleton, 26.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 356 out of 1,349 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Keene, 35.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 95 out of 269 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Keene, 50.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 229 out of 453 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Franklin, 55.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 5 out of 9 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Keene, 66.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 99

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

New Hampshire
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Coos County 21.5% 31.4% 42.5% 41.2% 36.7%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Grafton County 15.9% 32.9% 35.7% 33.6% 28.9%
lower insurance costs. In New Hampshire, Cheshire County has the largest
3 Cheshire County 15.0% 29.6% 42.6% 35.3% 14.4%
number of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation
projects or structures with 1,232 out of 38,183 properties protected. 4 Sullivan County 12.6% 31.9% 31.3% 41.0% 20.0%

5 Carroll County 14.3% 27.1% 26.5% 13.7% 35.2%

6 Belknap County 14.2% 21.3% 28.4% 33.3% 18.3%

7 Hillsborough County 11.2% 23.5% 23.5% 31.9% 18.4%

8 Merrimack County 10.1% 27.1% 24.1% 21.1% 13.7%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Rockingham County 11.1% 15.7% 16.8% 23.0% 8.7%

10 Strafford County 6.9% 15.4% 13.3% 22.0% 8.9%

• State Average 11.9% 25.8% 24.9% 28.8% 17.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Coos County, 21.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,781 out of 8,295 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Grafton County, 32.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,338 out of 4,062 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Cheshire County, 42.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 409 out of 959 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Coos County, 36.7%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 18 out of 49 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Coos County, 41.2%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 21 out of 51
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 100

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

New Hampshire
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Rockingham County 1.3% 1.0% 2.0% 0.7% 2.9%

As severity and frequency of flood events in New Hampshire increase over the
next 30 years with a changing environment, an additional 2,031 residential 2 Carroll County 0.4% 0.7% 2.0% 2.0% 1.1%
properties, 204.0 miles of roads, 171 commercial properties, 6 infrastructure
3 Strafford County 0.5% 0.8% 0.3% 4.0% 0.0%
facilities, and 15 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Coos County 0.5% 0.7% 2.1% 0.0% 2.0%

5 Hillsborough County 0.4% 0.5% 1.0% 1.4% 0.5%

6 Grafton County 0.4% 0.7% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0%

7 Sullivan County 0.4% 0.6% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Merrimack County 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.0% 0.9%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Belknap County 0.4% 0.5% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Cheshire County 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.6% 0.7% 1.2% 0.8% 0.9%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Rockingham County, 1.3%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 1,020 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Rockingham County, 1.0%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 40 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Coos County, 2.1%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 10 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Rockingham County, 2.9%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 9 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Strafford County, 4.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 2
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 101

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

New Jersey
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 North Wildwood 99.5% 99.6% 97.2% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Surf City 96.5% 99.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In New Jersey, there are 272,177 residential properties,
3 Ship Bottom 92.3% 95.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
13,645 miles of roads, 19,019 commercial properties, 835 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,535 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Lavallette 93.5% 93.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in New Jersey, 5 Sea Isle City 92.1% 95.0% 94.5% 100.0% 100.0%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 North Beach Haven 82.3% 94.4% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Dover Beaches North 81.0% 91.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

8 Seaside Heights 95.2% 88.9% 87.8% 100.0% 100.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Burlington 90.1% 92.7% 98.8% 85.7% 100.0%

10 Ocean City 82.2% 91.9% 91.9% 100.0% 100.0%

• State Average 12.0% 23.3% 19.5% 26.2% 14.8%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Wildwood, 99.9%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,686 out of 1,688 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: North Wildwood, 99.6%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 43 out of 43 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: North Beach Haven, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 59 out of 59 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Lambertville, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 42 out of 42 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Ocean City, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 6 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 102

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

New Jersey
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Cape May County 53.4% 41.7% 52.0% 45.3% 44.3%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Atlantic County 28.3% 26.5% 30.1% 26.0% 30.2%
lower insurance costs. In New Jersey, Cape May County has the largest number
3 Ocean County 25.7% 30.8% 23.6% 32.2% 10.7%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 11,078 out of 148,432 properties protected. 4 Hunterdon County 9.0% 23.1% 20.3% 28.2% 35.8%

5 Passaic County 10.9% 27.4% 24.8% 29.6% 15.9%

6 Union County 11.9% 32.8% 22.5% 22.1% 17.1%

7 Mercer County 8.9% 26.4% 17.6% 31.3% 19.7%

8 Warren County 10.6% 29.1% 19.0% 30.2% 14.4%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Salem County 24.3% 16.9% 16.6% 29.6% 11.0%

10 Essex County 10.1% 25.4% 24.1% 24.5% 13.6%

• State Average 12.0% 23.3% 19.5% 26.2% 14.8%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Cape May County, 53.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 34,045 out of 63,712 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Cape May County, 41.7%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 691 out of 1,659 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Cape May County, 52.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 1,101 out of 2,118 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Cape May County, 44.3%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 74 out of 167 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Cape May County, 45.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 34 out of 75
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 103

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

New Jersey
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Salem County 19.6% 9.4% 12.4% 14.1% 24.6%

As severity and frequency of flood events in New Jersey increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 58,500 residential properties, 2 Hudson County 14.9% 13.7% 7.7% 18.9% 11.5%
1,547.0 miles of roads, 2,647 commercial properties, 191 infrastructure facilities,
3 Cape May County 9.6% 5.9% 5.1% 8.0% 5.4%
and 276 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Monmouth County 5.3% 4.4% 5.1% 8.9% 5.8%

5 Ocean County 5.8% 4.9% 7.1% 6.4% 3.6%

6 Atlantic County 3.8% 2.7% 7.8% 6.3% 4.8%

7 Union County 0.9% 3.4% 1.0% 18.3% 0.8%

8 Essex County 0.6% 3.8% 2.6% 14.1% 3.1%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Gloucester County 1.8% 2.3% 3.0% 4.1% 1.7%

10 Middlesex County 0.6% 1.7% 1.6% 8.0% 0.7%

• State Average 2.6% 2.6% 2.7% 6.0% 2.7%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Salem County, 19.6%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 3,730 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Hudson County, 13.7%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 139 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Salem County, 12.4%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 180 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Salem County, 24.6%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 29 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Hudson County, 18.9%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 37
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 104

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

New Mexico
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Lovington 84.5% 68.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Lee Acres 20.3% 23.7% 20.5% 100.0% 50.0%
well-being of an area. In New Mexico, there are 70,316 residential properties,
3 Portales 32.1% 59.8% 33.3% 57.1% 17.2%
52,143 miles of roads, 2,888 commercial properties, 224 infrastructure facilities,
and 560 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Artesia 39.7% 35.4% 0.0% 28.6% 70.4%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in New Mexico, 5 Hobbs 36.9% 41.1% 40.0% 25.0% 25.8%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Los Ranchos de Albuquerque 65.5% 18.8% 38.2% 0.0% 30.8%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 North Valley 30.4% 33.9% 30.0% 33.3% 23.1%

8 Timberon 6.3% 25.4% 66.7% 50.0% 0.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Bernalillo 32.4% 29.9% 26.4% 33.3% 18.8%

10 Corrales 26.9% 18.9% 50.8% 0.0% 37.5%

• State Average 12.8% 24.9% 13.1% 19.0% 15.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Lovington, 84.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,941 out of 3,482 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Lovington, 68.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 115 out of 168 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Corrales, 50.8%

Greatest risk to businesses with 33 out of 65 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Lovington, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 33 out of 33 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Lovington, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 105

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

New Mexico
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Lea County 52.5% 40.1% 70.0% 47.2% 45.4%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Roosevelt County 33.4% 44.2% 33.9% 31.6% 25.0%
lower insurance costs. In New Mexico, Bernalillo County has the largest number
3 Eddy County 23.1% 24.3% 22.2% 16.0% 35.5%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 111,621 out of 251,265 properties protected. 4 Lincoln County 19.4% 33.3% 10.0% 14.6% 38.3%

5 Doña Ana County 17.3% 25.9% 29.0% 18.3% 23.2%

6 Sierra County 21.0% 31.2% 0.0% 27.6% 25.7%

7 Valencia County 25.3% 20.9% 10.0% 22.9% 24.7%

8 Otero County 12.2% 35.0% 8.8% 24.2% 12.8%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Grant County 9.8% 27.9% 18.1% 23.1% 8.7%

10 Rio Arriba County 10.6% 27.2% 17.2% 17.8% 9.1%

• State Average 12.8% 24.9% 13.1% 19.0% 15.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Lea County, 52.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 9,471 out of 18,037 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Roosevelt County, 44.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,246 out of 2,819 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Lea County, 70.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 7 out of 10 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Lea County, 45.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 54 out of 119 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Lea County, 47.2%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 17 out of 36
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 106

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

New Mexico
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Lea County 0.5% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 2.5%

As severity and frequency of flood events in New Mexico increase over the next
30 years with a changing environment, an additional 1,215 residential properties, 2 Sierra County -0.1% -0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9%
28.0 miles of roads, 4 commercial properties, and 4 social facilities will be at risk
3 Roosevelt County 1.0% 0.2% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0%
of becoming inoperable.*
4 San Juan County 0.1% 0.3% 0.5% 1.5% 0.0%

5 Cibola County 0.5% 0.3% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0%

6 Luna County 0.8% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

7 Bernalillo County 0.5% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%

8 Chaves County 0.0% -0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Valencia County 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Rio Arriba County 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Roosevelt County, 1.0%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 59 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Luna County, 0.4%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 27 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Roosevelt County, 1.4%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 4 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Sierra County, 2.9%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: San Juan County, 1.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 107

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

New York
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Hornell 75.5% 72.5% 89.7% 50.0% 89.5%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Port Jervis 64.0% 62.5% 72.3% 87.5% 70.0%
well-being of an area. In New York, there are 595,504 residential properties,
3 Wellsville 45.8% 62.2% 60.7% 80.0% 76.9%
47,838 miles of roads, 51,364 commercial properties, 2,178 infrastructure
facilities, and 4,782 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The 4 Elmira 51.5% 55.4% 69.9% 66.7% 66.7%
following pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities 5 Fire Island 89.5% 75.2% 60.0% 75.0% 0.0%
in New York, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and
6 Binghamton 37.6% 52.1% 71.3% 78.6% 58.3%
county can be found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Watervliet 36.2% 51.2% 54.9% 100.0% 55.6%

8 Endicott 37.7% 44.7% 46.6% 100.0% 60.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Troy 35.4% 43.8% 69.0% 70.8% 69.3%

10 Amsterdam 20.2% 41.8% 61.0% 100.0% 56.3%

• State Average 15.5% 26.2% 22.6% 33.5% 19.0%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Fire Island, 89.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 162 out of 181 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Fire Island, 75.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 50 out of 66 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Hornell, 89.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 156 out of 174 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Hornell, 89.5%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 17 out of 19 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Endicott, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 108

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

New York
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Chemung County 38.4% 39.1% 57.9% 40.7% 51.5%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Allegany County 32.2% 29.8% 43.5% 58.6% 55.3%
lower insurance costs. In New York, Chemung County has the largest number
3 Steuben County 37.8% 33.6% 47.4% 46.9% 53.2%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 11,104 out of 39,362 properties protected. 4 Broome County 27.7% 32.7% 57.2% 58.7% 41.9%

5 Tioga County 28.2% 39.0% 52.3% 45.2% 50.0%

6 Delaware County 28.6% 35.7% 47.2% 52.1% 48.2%

7 Cortland County 30.9% 29.9% 39.7% 56.7% 41.9%

8 Schuyler County 25.8% 23.7% 45.2% 48.1% 46.4%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Montgomery County 20.9% 31.6% 35.2% 51.7% 42.3%

10 Rensselaer County 18.2% 30.3% 42.8% 50.5% 39.7%

• State Average 15.5% 26.2% 22.6% 33.5% 19.0%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Chemung County, 38.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 10,688 out of 27,856 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Nassau County, 40.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 2,101 out of 5,194 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Chemung County, 57.9%

Greatest risk to businesses with 879 out of 1,518 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Allegany County, 55.3%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 42 out of 76 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Broome County, 58.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 61 out of
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls 104 at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 109

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

New York
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Kings County 7.8% 11.3% 5.5% 9.9% 3.8%

As severity and frequency of flood events in New York increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 87,046 residential properties, 2 Nassau County 8.6% 6.5% 7.3% 9.4% 5.7%
1,987.0 miles of roads, 6,096 commercial properties, 151 infrastructure facilities,
3 Richmond County 5.7% 5.8% 7.8% 7.8% 5.9%
and 655 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 New York County 4.5% 7.5% 5.1% 8.9% 6.2%

5 Queens County 3.1% 6.1% 4.0% 8.6% 3.2%

6 Suffolk County 2.3% 3.3% 3.6% 3.6% 3.1%

7 Bronx County 2.5% 5.2% 2.5% 1.4% 1.1%

8 Tioga County 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 3.2% 4.4%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Westchester County 0.7% 1.2% 2.8% 3.1% 0.8%

10 Rockland County 0.5% 0.7% 0.6% 4.1% 1.4%

• State Average 2.3% 1.1% 2.7% 2.3% 2.6%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Nassau County, 8.6%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 30,856 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Kings County, 11.3%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 206 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Richmond County, 7.8%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 322 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: New York County, 6.2%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 181 addition-
al facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Kings County, 9.9%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 25
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 110

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

North Carolina
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Avon 99.6% 99.9% 96.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Fairfield Harbour 99.9% 99.9% 91.7% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In North Carolina, there are 345,617 residential properties,
3 Bald Head Island 87.3% 91.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
58,585 miles of roads, 23,412 commercial properties, 1,017 infrastructure
facilities, and 1,562 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The 4 Atlantic Beach 63.5% 89.4% 89.7% 100.0% 100.0%
following pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in 5 Beaufort 84.2% 91.1% 89.3% 66.7% 100.0%
North Carolina, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and
6 Ocean Isle Beach 97.9% 86.0% 68.4% 50.0% 100.0%
county can be found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Washington 77.6% 73.6% 86.4% 62.5% 93.9%

8 North Topsail Beach 69.0% 42.1% 95.5% 66.7% 100.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Maggie Valley 40.5% 62.8% 86.8% 66.7% 100.0%

10 Elizabeth City 64.7% 60.0% 62.8% 78.6% 72.7%

• State Average 10.6% 23.9% 14.4% 20.5% 12.1%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Fairfield Harbour, 99.9%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,516 out of 1,518 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Avon, 99.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 35 out of 35 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Bald Head Island, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 20 out of 20 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Beaufort, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 19 out of 19 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Waynesville, 80.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 111

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

North Carolina
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Hyde County 99.3% 94.8% 96.6% 94.1% 100.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Tyrrell County 81.3% 79.5% 84.5% 66.7% 87.5%
lower insurance costs. In North Carolina, Dare County has the largest number
3 Pamlico County 68.3% 74.0% 67.8% 70.8% 59.3%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 7,853 out of 39,656 properties protected. 4 Dare County 61.4% 74.8% 55.2% 64.4% 60.9%

5 Beaufort County 59.8% 56.2% 74.0% 54.5% 72.2%

6 Swain County 38.3% 58.0% 63.2% 64.7% 69.7%

7 Pasquotank County 51.4% 53.3% 60.2% 65.6% 63.0%

8 Currituck County 70.9% 62.6% 52.4% 30.4% 69.4%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Carteret County 50.7% 67.4% 43.6% 54.7% 63.7%

10 Madison County 36.5% 61.5% 54.5% 57.1% 59.4%

• State Average 10.6% 23.9% 14.4% 20.5% 12.1%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Tyrrell County, 81.3%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,145 out of 1,408 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Hyde County, 94.8%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,076 out of 1,135 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Hyde County, 96.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 28 out of 29 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Hyde County, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 15 out of 15 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Hyde County, 94.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 16 out of 17
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 112

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

North Carolina
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Camden County 12.5% 11.2% 17.2% 33.3% 35.7%

As severity and frequency of flood events in North Carolina increase over the
next 30 years with a changing environment, an additional 25,838 residential 2 Currituck County 11.0% 20.7% 13.7% 39.1% 13.9%
properties, 2,678.0 miles of roads, 1,409 commercial properties, 68 infrastructure
3 Washington County 14.9% 14.2% 18.5% 22.7% 7.7%
facilities, and 109 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Dare County 7.9% 9.1% 12.7% 13.3% 13.8%

5 Tyrrell County 12.4% 15.2% 15.5% 11.1% 0.0%

6 Pasquotank County 8.3% 7.9% 8.7% 3.1% 15.2%

7 Chowan County 6.6% 8.1% 6.8% 15.8% 2.9%

8 Carteret County 8.2% 6.4% 8.3% 5.3% 6.6%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Craven County 4.9% 5.3% 3.3% 12.3% 5.2%

10 Perquimans County 5.5% 6.5% 4.9% 4.3% 6.5%

• State Average 0.8% 1.1% 0.9% 1.4% 0.8%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Washington County, 14.9%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 664 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Currituck County, 20.7%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 177 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Washington County, 18.5%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 74 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Camden County, 35.7%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 5 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Currituck County, 39.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 9
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 113

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

North Dakota
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Grand Forks 14.1% 56.6% 34.7% 13.3% 42.2%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 West Fargo 33.1% 49.0% 32.4% 0.0% 18.5%
well-being of an area. In North Dakota, there are 15,828 residential properties,
3 Fargo 8.4% 47.8% 19.5% 40.0% 15.2%
25,584 miles of roads, 2,297 commercial properties, 165 infrastructure facilities,
and 284 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Bismarck 7.9% 24.5% 19.5% 35.0% 26.2%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in North Dakota, 5 Mandan 11.7% 25.5% 25.3% 16.7% 30.4%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Dickinson 10.7% 17.4% 12.0% 42.9% 12.5%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Wahpeton 6.7% 41.9% 6.6% 0.0% 12.5%

8 Williston 4.8% 13.6% 14.2% 0.0% 11.1%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Minot 5.4% 10.1% 8.6% 16.7% 1.5%

10 Devils Lake 6.1% 16.7% 6.3% 0.0% 4.8%

• State Average 10.4% 14.9% 15.1% 14.7% 18.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: West Fargo, 33.1%

Greatest risk to property owners with 3,069 out of 9,280 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Grand Forks, 56.6%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 188 out of 332 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Grand Forks, 34.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 276 out of 795 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Grand Forks, 42.2%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 43 out of 102 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Dickinson, 42.9%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 3 out of 7 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 114

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

North Dakota
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Billings County 18.1% 27.2% 22.6% 55.6% 40.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Morton County 12.2% 21.6% 20.0% 22.5% 47.1%
lower insurance costs. In North Dakota, Grand Forks County has the largest
3 Golden Valley County 17.3% 22.1% 50.0% 20.0% 0.0%
number of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation
projects or structures with 15,702 out of 31,100 properties protected. 4 Grand Forks County 13.0% 9.6% 31.5% 13.8% 33.3%

5 Barnes County 4.3% 7.9% 0.0% 25.0% 58.3%

6 Burleigh County 9.3% 20.1% 19.5% 22.0% 22.5%

7 Stutsman County 5.0% 17.7% 8.0% 13.9% 41.7%

8 Mercer County 10.6% 21.1% 17.0% 31.3% 0.0%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Cass County 14.9% 13.0% 20.4% 15.3% 13.8%

10 Stark County 10.2% 20.1% 10.9% 22.6% 11.4%

• State Average 10.4% 14.9% 15.1% 14.7% 18.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Cass County, 14.9%

Greatest risk to property owners with 5,866 out of 39,462 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Billings County, 27.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 571 out of 2,101 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Grand Forks County, 31.5%

Greatest risk to businesses with 304 out of 966 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Slope County, 66.7%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 2 out of 3 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Billings County, 55.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 9 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 115

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

North Dakota
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 McKenzie County 0.5% 0.4% 0.6% 3.8% 0.0%

As severity and frequency of flood events in North Dakota increase over the next
30 years with a changing environment, an additional 377 residential properties, 2 Grand Forks County 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 3.4% 0.0%
401.0 miles of roads, 57 commercial properties, 6 infrastructure facilities, and 1
3 Morton County 0.7% 0.2% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%
social facility will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Richland County 0.2% 0.1% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0%

5 Cass County 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 1.0% 0.0%

6 Williams County 0.3% 0.4% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0%

7 Pierce County 1.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Burleigh County 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Stark County 0.3% 0.2% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Stutsman County 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.5% 0.1%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Grant County, 1.2%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 1 additional residential property at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Bottineau County, 0.5%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 22 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Richland County, 1.4%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 4 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Sioux County, 10.0%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Sioux County, 9.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 116

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Ohio
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Middleport 82.8% 83.4% 100.0% 80.0% 88.9%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Bellaire 64.5% 80.4% 99.2% 72.7% 83.3%
well-being of an area. In Ohio, there are 297,587 residential properties, 42,861
3 Pomeroy 47.4% 59.4% 98.8% 75.0% 100.0%
miles of roads, 40,773 commercial properties, 1,573 infrastructure facilities, and
2,057 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Shadyside 68.7% 75.0% 100.0% 100.0% 33.3%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Ohio, additional 5 New Richmond 53.2% 78.0% 90.2% 100.0% 55.6%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Wellsville 70.5% 67.1% 83.0% 66.7% 83.3%
FloodFactor.com.
7 Athens 48.5% 63.1% 73.6% 70.0% 76.3%

8 Marietta 42.1% 59.1% 88.7% 58.3% 78.4%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Toronto 42.0% 52.5% 73.2% 75.0% 50.0%

10 Belpre 43.2% 52.1% 56.0% 60.0% 72.2%

• State Average 7.8% 22.4% 15.3% 25.0% 12.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Gallipolis, 87.8%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,073 out of 1,222 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Middleport, 83.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 22 out of 26 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Gallipolis, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 235 out of 235 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Pomeroy, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 5 out of 5 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: New Richmond, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 6 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 117

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Ohio
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Lawrence County 46.0% 56.5% 61.5% 61.2% 43.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Meigs County 40.4% 49.9% 28.7% 63.4% 62.8%
lower insurance costs. In Ohio, Ross County has the largest number of properties
3 Gallia County 37.5% 33.4% 49.7% 54.8% 39.0%
currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or structures with
5,487 out of 42,302 properties protected. 4 Washington County 32.0% 39.8% 33.9% 51.3% 56.9%

5 Athens County 30.8% 44.4% 33.7% 50.0% 54.5%

6 Scioto County 31.6% 53.3% 37.1% 41.1% 21.1%

7 Belmont County 27.3% 29.9% 34.0% 48.8% 34.1%

8 Hocking County 24.9% 42.1% 23.3% 50.0% 25.6%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Jefferson County 18.5% 34.3% 22.2% 51.8% 22.9%

10 Tuscarawas County 16.1% 31.2% 25.8% 33.3% 26.3%

• State Average 7.8% 22.4% 15.3% 25.0% 12.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Lawrence County, 46.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 6,785 out of 14,750 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Lawrence County, 56.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,236 out of 2,190 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Lawrence County, 61.5%

Greatest risk to businesses with 396 out of 644 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Meigs County, 62.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 27 out of 43 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Meigs County, 63.4%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 26 out of 41
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 118

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Ohio
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Scioto County 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 3.3% 0.9%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Ohio increase over the next 30 years
with a changing environment, an additional 14,074 residential properties, 1,144.0 2 Lucas County 0.5% 1.4% 0.9% 1.4% 1.6%
miles of roads, 1,552 commercial properties, 27 infrastructure facilities, and 103
3 Lawrence County 1.2% 0.6% 1.1% 1.5% 1.2%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Gallia County 0.4% 0.7% 0.4% 2.4% 1.7%

5 Delaware County 0.2% 1.6% 1.2% 0.0% 2.5%

6 Montgomery County 0.5% 1.7% 1.3% 1.1% 0.7%

7 Cuyahoga County 0.4% 1.9% 0.9% 0.0% 1.6%

8 Union County 0.2% 0.4% 1.0% 0.0% 3.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Morgan County 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 0.0% 3.7%

10 Hamilton County 0.4% 1.5% 0.9% 0.7% 0.9%

• State Average 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.6%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Lawrence County, 1.2%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 184 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Erie County, 2.0%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 1 additional mile of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Montgomery County, 1.3%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 164 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Morgan County, 3.7%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Scioto County, 3.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 3
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 119

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Oklahoma
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Jenks 19.1% 30.0% 81.1% 62.5% 69.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Bixby 24.9% 33.6% 63.6% 40.0% 51.5%
well-being of an area. In Oklahoma, there are 82,053 residential properties,
3 Copeland 47.9% 37.9% 12.5% 0.0% 100.0%
47,984 miles of roads, 7,325 commercial properties, 324 infrastructure facilities,
and 675 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Pauls Valley 11.5% 30.8% 38.5% 50.0% 26.7%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Oklahoma, 5 Sand Springs 8.6% 24.2% 33.1% 40.0% 43.4%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Chickasha 12.0% 29.7% 46.2% 37.5% 20.0%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Spencer 5.8% 12.1% 4.8% 100.0% 0.0%

8 Warr Acres 4.5% 6.4% 5.0% 100.0% 0.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Grove 18.4% 23.5% 15.9% 25.0% 31.3%

10 Duncan 5.5% 21.9% 14.3% 57.1% 0.0%

• State Average 7.2% 20.6% 12.9% 12.2% 10.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Copeland, 47.9%

Greatest risk to property owners with 271 out of 566 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Anadarko, 39.8%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 46 out of 115 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Jenks, 81.1%

Greatest risk to businesses with 167 out of 206 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Jenks, 69.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 20 out of 29 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Jenks, 62.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 8 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 120

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Oklahoma
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Cimarron County 25.3% 21.6% 100.0% 36.4% 50.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Alfalfa County 28.0% 29.1% 43.9% 22.2% 21.4%
lower insurance costs. In Oklahoma, Comanche County has the largest number
3 Harmon County 24.7% 25.7% 5.7% 0.0% 40.0%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 14,740 out of 55,095 properties protected. 4 Tulsa County 12.2% 22.8% 21.7% 17.7% 21.0%

5 Garvin County 8.2% 18.1% 26.6% 18.2% 18.2%

6 Delaware County 17.9% 22.9% 13.5% 15.0% 16.5%

7 Kiowa County 13.4% 25.0% 21.7% 13.0% 11.1%

8 Rogers County 7.3% 19.9% 13.3% 35.1% 8.3%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Wagoner County 6.4% 23.2% 8.7% 22.5% 20.2%

10 Grady County 7.0% 18.0% 33.2% 8.6% 13.2%

• State Average 7.2% 20.6% 12.9% 12.2% 10.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Alfalfa County, 28.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 519 out of 1,853 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Alfalfa County, 29.1%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 728 out of 2,499 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Alfalfa County, 43.9%

Greatest risk to businesses with 68 out of 155 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Cimarron County, 50.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 7 out of 14 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Cimarron County, 36.4%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 11
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 121

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Oklahoma
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Tulsa County 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.7% 0.6%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Oklahoma changes over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 3 social facilities will be at risk 2 Alfalfa County 0.2% -0.1% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0%
of becoming inoperable.*
3 Cherokee County 0.0% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%

4 Washington County 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

5 Osage County 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

6 Rogers County 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

7 Nowata County 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Mayes County 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Ottawa County 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Wagoner County 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average -0.1% -0.1% -0.1% -0.1% 0.0%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Osage County, 0.2%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 29 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Tulsa County, 0.2%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 14 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Alfalfa County, 1.3%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 2 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Tulsa County, 0.6%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 8 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Tulsa County, 0.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 122

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Oregon
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Milton-Freewater 89.6% 90.8% 97.1% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Baker City 87.5% 67.2% 91.3% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In Oregon, there are 239,700 residential properties,
3 Keizer 57.2% 68.5% 82.2% 66.7% 66.7%
72,983 miles of roads, 25,316 commercial properties, 808 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,859 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following 4 Eagle Point 37.3% 45.3% 72.1% 100.0% 75.0%
pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Oregon, 5 La Grande 71.3% 72.8% 92.9% 20.0% 62.9%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Junction City 52.0% 64.2% 75.1% 50.0% 75.0%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Prineville 48.7% 48.2% 74.9% 50.0% 72.7%

8 Seaside 56.7% 61.7% 77.2% 20.0% 66.7%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Lebanon 42.9% 52.9% 58.9% 50.0% 73.1%

10 Eugene 48.3% 60.4% 57.9% 60.0% 49.0%

• State Average 20.1% 30.2% 32.7% 33.0% 27.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Milton-Freewater, 89.6%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,590 out of 1,774 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Milton-Freewater, 90.8%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 41 out of 45 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Milton-Freewater, 97.1%

Greatest risk to businesses with 169 out of 174 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Baker City, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 21 out of 21 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Baker City, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 123

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Oregon
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Baker County 67.3% 34.4% 76.1% 28.9% 81.3%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Union County 57.1% 27.5% 77.0% 40.0% 52.9%
lower insurance costs. In Oregon, Umatilla County has the largest number of
3 Grant County 33.3% 35.6% 66.7% 37.9% 61.5%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 5,339 out of 42,418 properties protected. 4 Malheur County 42.1% 33.1% 57.6% 50.0% 50.8%

5 Wheeler County 53.7% 39.0% 63.6% 44.4% 25.0%

6 Lane County 46.0% 35.0% 48.1% 44.2% 43.8%

7 Crook County 29.7% 34.6% 59.5% 25.0% 67.9%

8 Josephine County 31.4% 32.6% 46.7% 44.4% 50.0%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Umatilla County 30.0% 29.6% 43.5% 32.5% 48.6%

10 Tillamook County 27.5% 28.6% 44.7% 44.7% 37.0%

• State Average 20.1% 30.2% 32.7% 33.0% 27.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Baker County, 67.3%

Greatest risk to property owners with 4,454 out of 6,623 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Sherman County, 41.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 361 out of 882 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Union County, 77.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 127 out of 165 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Baker County, 81.2%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 39 out of 48 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Malheur County, 50.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 19 out of 38
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 124

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Oregon
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Clatsop County 3.3% 1.2% 4.8% 3.0% 2.5%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Oregon increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 9,377 residential properties, 2 Lincoln County 2.0% 1.1% 5.7% 3.4% 2.2%
1,307.0 miles of roads, 991 commercial properties, 29 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Tillamook County 2.7% 1.0% 4.8% 5.3% 0.0%
93 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Malheur County 2.1% 0.9% 1.5% 5.3% 1.6%

5 Lane County 1.8% 0.6% 2.2% 1.9% 2.7%

6 Crook County 0.4% 0.4% 1.1% 0.0% 7.1%

7 Curry County 0.4% 0.4% 1.5% 3.8% 1.6%

8 Baker County 0.9% 0.5% 0.8% 5.3% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Linn County 1.5% 0.6% 2.4% 1.4% 0.9%

10 Union County 1.0% 0.4% 1.2% 4.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.8% 0.5% 1.3% 1.2% 1.4%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Clatsop County, 3.3%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 482 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Multnomah County, 1.4%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 60 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Lincoln County, 5.7%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 99 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Crook County, 7.1%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 2 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Malheur County, 5.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 2
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 125

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Pennsylvania
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Kingston 98.0% 96.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 McKees Rocks 64.2% 76.2% 96.4% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In Pennsylvania, there are 404,280 residential properties,
3 Lock Haven 41.5% 63.3% 83.9% 80.0% 100.0%
61,418 miles of roads, 53,402 commercial properties, 2,207 infrastructure
facilities, and 2,431 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The 4 Williamsport 46.7% 59.8% 84.1% 81.8% 71.1%
following pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in 5 Swoyersville 79.3% 75.5% 63.0% 75.0% 50.0%
Pennsylvania, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and
6 Monongahela 25.0% 50.5% 96.1% 100.0% 70.0%
county can be found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Steelton 36.1% 58.4% 95.2% 100.0% 50.0%

8 Honesdale 41.5% 50.9% 86.8% 85.7% 73.3%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Clearfield 32.1% 49.0% 84.1% 80.0% 87.5%

10 Coraopolis 30.7% 55.9% 99.5% 100.0% 36.4%

• State Average 10.2% 24.8% 22.4% 32.8% 17.0%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Kingston, 98.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 3,909 out of 3,990 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Kingston, 96.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 53 out of 55 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Kingston, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 294 out of 294 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Lock Haven, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 11 out of 11 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Shamokin, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 126

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Pennsylvania
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Cameron County 53.2% 43.4% 68.1% 60.0% 75.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Clinton County 35.0% 36.4% 63.6% 46.8% 50.0%
lower insurance costs. In Pennsylvania, Lycoming County has the largest number
3 Potter County 37.9% 39.2% 41.1% 62.5% 42.4%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 9,033 out of 51,048 properties protected. 4 Tioga County 30.1% 27.3% 48.6% 61.4% 49.2%

5 Perry County 22.3% 41.8% 51.0% 48.8% 41.8%

6 Armstrong County 24.4% 33.3% 52.4% 45.1% 35.2%

7 Lycoming County 29.1% 35.3% 32.9% 48.0% 43.9%

8 Wyoming County 18.6% 25.0% 47.1% 34.1% 47.8%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Columbia County 26.5% 33.4% 42.5% 31.4% 36.8%

10 Snyder County 23.0% 37.4% 25.8% 54.8% 27.8%

• State Average 10.2% 24.8% 22.4% 32.8% 17.0%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Cameron County, 53.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,060 out of 1,993 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Cameron County, 43.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 383 out of 883 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Cameron County, 68.1%

Greatest risk to businesses with 62 out of 91 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Cameron County, 75.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 6 out of 8 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Potter County, 62.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 20 out of 32
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 127

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Pennsylvania
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Philadelphia County 1.3% 2.8% 1.9% 5.8% 1.2%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Pennsylvania increase over the
next 30 years with a changing environment, an additional 18,006 residential 2 Delaware County 0.5% 1.3% 1.0% 6.1% 0.6%
properties, 1,135.0 miles of roads, 1,570 commercial properties, 62 infrastructure
3 Juniata County 0.6% 0.5% 1.5% 5.6% 0.0%
facilities, and 82 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Lawrence County 0.3% 0.7% 0.5% 4.5% 0.9%

5 Venango County 0.4% 0.3% 0.9% 1.8% 3.0%

6 Mifflin County 0.8% 0.5% 1.5% 0.0% 3.4%

7 Union County 1.0% 0.6% 1.2% 0.0% 3.3%

8 Northumberland County 0.9% 0.6% 1.1% 1.9% 0.9%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Dauphin County 0.5% 0.6% 0.4% 2.7% 0.9%

10 Lebanon County 0.2% 0.3% 0.8% 3.0% 0.7%

• State Average 0.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.9% 0.6%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Philadelphia County, 1.3%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 6,163 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Philadelphia County, 2.8%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 88 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Philadelphia County, 1.9%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 377 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Mifflin County, 3.4%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 2 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Delaware County, 6.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 11
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 128

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Rhode Island
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Providence 10.4% 32.6% 29.2% 46.0% 28.1%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Woonsocket 9.1% 23.9% 24.8% 45.5% 27.9%
well-being of an area. In Rhode Island, there are 22,253 residential properties,
3 Newport 11.8% 25.4% 23.4% 38.5% 18.4%
1,618 miles of roads, 2,876 commercial properties, 120 infrastructure facilities,
and 250 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Pawtucket 10.1% 32.9% 21.6% 40.0% 11.5%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Rhode Island, 5 Westerly 7.4% 17.0% 23.1% 37.5% 18.5%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Wakefield-Peacedale 7.3% 19.4% 29.9% 25.0% 16.7%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Warwick 6.9% 19.4% 14.0% 44.4% 11.6%

8 East Providence 8.9% 22.1% 13.3% 47.1% 4.5%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Cranston 6.9% 24.6% 20.3% 20.0% 21.4%

10 Newport East 2.1% 7.9% 9.4% 50.0% 23.5%

• State Average 8.7% 19.1% 21.1% 29.2% 17.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Charlestown, 21.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 186 out of 870 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Pawtucket, 32.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 79 out of 239 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Wakefield-Peacedale, 29.9%

Greatest risk to businesses with 55 out of 184 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Providence, 28.1%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 97 out of 345 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: East Providence, 47.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 8 out of 17
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 129

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Rhode Island
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Kent County 8.2% 18.5% 20.0% 44.8% 16.1%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Providence County 8.7% 21.3% 22.7% 29.2% 19.8%
lower insurance costs. In Rhode Island, Washington County has the largest
3 Washington County 11.5% 19.1% 21.5% 23.8% 12.8%
number of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation
projects or structures with 764 out of 68,423 properties protected. 4 Bristol County 9.6% 16.3% 17.2% 14.3% 15.1%

5 Newport County 5.4% 12.2% 14.4% 22.7% 12.7%

• State Average 8.7% 19.1% 21.1% 29.2% 17.4%

County risk over 30 years

Based on proportion and severity Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Washington County, 11.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 4,363 out of 37,929 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Providence County, 21.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 792 out of 3,711 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Providence County, 22.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 1,827 out of 8,047 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Providence County, 19.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 169 out of 852 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Kent County, 44.8%

Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 30 out of 67
at risk of becoming inoperable.

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 130

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Rhode Island
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Newport County 3.4% 4.8% 7.1% 9.1% 6.6%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Rhode Island increase over the next
30 years with a changing environment, an additional 4,447 residential properties, 2 Bristol County 2.9% 6.1% 3.7% 4.8% 3.8%
199.0 miles of roads, 306 commercial properties, 12 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Washington County 4.0% 2.9% 2.2% 2.4% 5.0%
39 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Kent County 2.5% 2.1% 1.8% 0.0% 1.3%

5 Providence County 0.5% 1.2% 1.5% 2.6% 1.5%

• State Average 1.7% 2.4% 2.2% 2.9% 2.7%

Change in risk over 30 years

Based on proportion and severity Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Washington County, 4.0%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 1,499 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Bristol County, 6.1%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 20 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Newport County, 7.1%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 92 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Newport County, 6.6%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 13 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Newport County, 9.1%

Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4
additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 131

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

South Carolina
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Seabrook Island 98.3% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Folly Beach 97.9% 98.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In South Carolina, there are 203,400 residential properties,
3 James Island 81.9% 77.3% 77.2% 100.0% 100.0%
23,728 miles of roads, 12,554 commercial properties, 410 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,017 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Edisto Beach 98.6% 99.6% 75.0% 100.0% 33.3%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in South Carolina, 5 Charleston 60.0% 52.8% 68.5% 82.6% 77.3%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Port Royal 59.6% 65.5% 29.7% 72.7% 68.8%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Andrews 74.1% 34.9% 75.6% 0.0% 90.9%

8 Georgetown 33.7% 45.8% 55.4% 69.2% 42.3%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Forestbrook 30.7% 26.2% 16.7% 100.0% 66.7%

10 Beaufort 32.4% 37.4% 47.2% 38.5% 74.6%

• State Average 12.9% 16.6% 13.4% 17.8% 13.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Edisto Beach, 98.6%

Greatest risk to property owners with 911 out of 924 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Seabrook Island, 99.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 36 out of 36 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Seabrook Island, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 15 out of 15 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: James Island, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 6 out of 6 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Bamberg, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 132

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

South Carolina
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Charleston County 44.6% 44.6% 45.2% 55.8% 57.5%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Beaufort County 36.6% 57.0% 33.3% 36.9% 41.4%
lower insurance costs. In South Carolina, Charleston County has the largest
3 Georgetown County 30.9% 35.2% 35.7% 51.9% 42.2%
number of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation
projects or structures with 8,702 out of 168,728 properties protected. 4 Jasper County 31.7% 31.4% 31.8% 28.6% 10.9%

5 Horry County 29.1% 28.0% 25.4% 24.5% 25.5%

6 Allendale County 13.5% 13.3% 16.3% 26.7% 31.8%

7 Berkeley County 8.6% 21.7% 9.4% 35.3% 10.5%

8 Darlington County 15.1% 13.5% 13.8% 16.4% 17.7%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Colleton County 15.7% 23.2% 10.0% 16.0% 11.4%

10 Florence County 12.0% 17.7% 11.3% 14.9% 19.8%

• State Average 12.9% 16.6% 13.4% 17.8% 13.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Charleston County, 44.6%

Greatest risk to property owners with 52,961 out of 118,699 residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Beaufort County, 57.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,724 out of 3,024 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Charleston County, 45.2%

Greatest risk to businesses with 3,096 out of 6,855 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Charleston County, 57.5%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 350 out of 609 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Charleston County, 55.8%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 82 out of
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls 147 at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 133

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

South Carolina
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Beaufort County 20.7% 25.7% 24.2% 21.5% 25.5%

As severity and frequency of flood events in South Carolina increase over the
next 30 years with a changing environment, an additional 40,038 residential 2 Charleston County 11.6% 12.8% 9.1% 8.2% 8.7%
properties, 3,081.0 miles of roads, 2,014 commercial properties, 43 infrastructure
3 Georgetown County 11.2% 6.6% 8.2% 3.8% 16.5%
facilities, and 200 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Jasper County 5.3% 8.5% 4.3% 10.7% 4.3%

5 Berkeley County 3.3% 3.1% 4.2% 1.0% 3.9%

6 Orangeburg County 0.7% 1.2% 1.1% 0.0% 12.1%

7 Horry County 3.0% 2.5% 2.9% 2.9% 2.6%

8 Colleton County 0.9% 2.9% 1.2% 0.0% 2.5%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Saluda County 0.5% 0.3% 0.0% 6.7% 0.0%

10 Darlington County 0.8% 0.9% 0.6% 3.0% 0.7%

• State Average 2.5% 2.2% 2.2% 1.9% 2.6%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Beaufort County, 20.7%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 13,174 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Beaufort County, 25.7%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 778 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Beaufort County, 24.2%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 443 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Beaufort County, 25.5%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 61 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Beaufort County, 21.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 14
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 134

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

South Dakota
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Sturgis 38.0% 51.6% 61.6% 0.0% 62.5%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Hot Springs 17.2% 38.2% 60.0% 55.6% 41.7%
well-being of an area. In South Dakota, there are 22,889 residential properties,
3 Spearfish 20.8% 23.5% 24.8% 12.5% 28.8%
20,348 miles of roads, 2,803 commercial properties, 145 infrastructure facilities,
and 291 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Rapid City 17.2% 26.5% 21.2% 19.0% 24.4%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in South Dakota, 5 Box Elder 16.1% 25.8% 25.5% 33.3% 0.0%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Aberdeen 9.6% 25.6% 12.7% 18.2% 10.6%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Mitchell 7.0% 16.5% 12.6% 20.0% 14.6%

8 Brandon 3.3% 18.2% 4.5% 25.0% 12.5%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Yankton 4.0% 17.4% 9.9% 22.2% 8.1%

10 Huron 7.1% 18.6% 10.0% 0.0% 23.5%

• State Average 10.0% 15.6% 14.4% 12.6% 12.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Sturgis, 38.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 817 out of 2,149 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Sturgis, 51.6%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 51 out of 99 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Sturgis, 61.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 162 out of 263 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Sturgis, 62.5%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 10 out of 16 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Hot Springs, 55.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 9 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 135

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

South Dakota
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Lawrence County 26.4% 41.5% 40.1% 61.3% 43.8%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Custer County 19.9% 40.0% 29.6% 25.8% 35.3%
lower insurance costs. In South Dakota, Yankton County has the largest number
3 Fall River County 15.6% 21.3% 48.6% 20.8% 34.5%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 3,858 out of 14,991 properties protected. 4 Meade County 22.2% 22.5% 35.1% 15.6% 31.8%

5 Pennington County 18.2% 32.2% 23.2% 25.9% 25.1%

6 Harding County 12.5% 17.8% 13.3% 25.0% 35.3%

7 Campbell County 13.1% 20.8% 16.9% 10.0% 20.0%

8 Charles Mix County 6.1% 18.7% 10.3% 15.0% 20.0%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Perkins County 12.2% 19.1% 14.8% 7.7% 15.4%

10 Aurora County 7.0% 16.9% 11.8% 9.1% 24.0%

• State Average 10.0% 15.6% 14.4% 12.6% 12.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Union County, 32.6%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,763 out of 5,413 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Lawrence County, 41.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 807 out of 1,947 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Fall River County, 48.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 106 out of 218 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Faulk County, 52.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 11 out of 21 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Lawrence County, 61.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 19 out of 31
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 136

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

South Dakota
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Hughes County 0.3% -0.1% 0.7% 0.0% 1.9%

As severity and frequency of flood events in South Dakota increase over the next
30 years with a changing environment, an additional 122 residential properties, 2 Brown County 0.3% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 2.0%
79.0 miles of roads, 22 commercial properties, and 2 social facilities will be at risk
3 Walworth County 0.1% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0%
of becoming inoperable.*
4 Lawrence County 0.2% 0.2% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0%

5 Deuel County 0.0% 0.1% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0%

6 Corson County 0.7% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

7 Edmunds County 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Custer County 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Perkins County 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Harding County 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Corson County, 0.7%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 1 additional residential property at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Perkins County, 0.3%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 6 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Walworth County, 1.8%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 1 additional commercial building at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Brown County, 2.0%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 2 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 137

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Tennessee
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Dayton 31.6% 52.7% 79.8% 66.7% 83.3%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Gatlinburg 27.4% 49.1% 75.9% 80.0% 79.6%
well-being of an area. In Tennessee, there are 287,589 residential properties,
3 Kingston 38.0% 47.8% 63.5% 80.0% 60.0%
47,017 miles of roads, 23,757 commercial properties, 844 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,450 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Middle Valley 37.3% 55.5% 78.8% 66.7% 50.0%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Tennessee, 5 Chattanooga 38.8% 51.0% 67.9% 69.7% 57.6%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Clinton 23.6% 41.3% 46.6% 80.0% 60.0%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Erwin 37.5% 50.4% 45.7% 50.0% 63.6%

8 Louisville 36.6% 55.7% 50.0% 50.0% 42.9%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Sevierville 20.4% 36.3% 45.8% 66.7% 48.7%

10 Red Bank 19.9% 36.3% 70.3% 60.0% 30.0%

• State Average 12.9% 29.6% 22.9% 27.6% 17.8%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Chattanooga, 38.8%

Greatest risk to property owners with 21,933 out of 56,586 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Louisville, 55.7%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 51 out of 91 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Dayton, 79.8%

Greatest risk to businesses with 221 out of 277 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Harrison, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 6 out of 6 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: La Follette, 87.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 7 out of 8 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 138

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Tennessee
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Smith County 37.5% 60.1% 65.2% 73.9% 68.8%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Johnson County 44.2% 57.3% 56.3% 87.5% 43.5%
lower insurance costs. In Tennessee, Lake County has the largest number of
3 Unicoi County 38.4% 52.6% 44.2% 54.5% 64.7%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 3,616 out of 3,841 properties protected. 4 Hamilton County 28.8% 41.9% 63.2% 59.3% 48.0%

5 Rhea County 30.3% 40.5% 56.8% 54.8% 56.3%

6 Marion County 28.2% 36.3% 53.0% 50.0% 61.1%

7 Jackson County 26.1% 51.4% 44.1% 70.6% 30.8%

8 Hancock County 32.8% 61.9% 43.2% 26.7% 50.0%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Sevier County 17.4% 42.8% 47.0% 53.8% 48.9%

10 Trousdale County 24.0% 45.2% 54.6% 66.7% 12.5%

• State Average 12.9% 29.6% 22.9% 27.6% 17.8%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Johnson County, 44.2%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,690 out of 6,091 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Hancock County, 61.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 498 out of 804 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Smith County, 65.2%

Greatest risk to businesses with 359 out of 551 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Smith County, 68.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 22 out of 32 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Johnson County, 87.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 14 out of 16
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 139

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Tennessee
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Wilson County 0.3% 0.4% 0.9% 0.0% 12.7%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Tennessee increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 8,401 residential properties, 2 Unicoi County 1.0% 0.6% 1.4% 0.0% 5.9%
741.0 miles of roads, 609 commercial properties, 10 infrastructure facilities, and
3 Hamblen County 0.4% 0.6% 1.0% 4.8% 1.4%
59 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Meigs County 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 7.1% 0.0%

5 Morgan County 0.1% 0.3% 0.6% 0.0% 5.6%

6 Bledsoe County 0.1% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 5.9%

7 Washington County 0.4% 0.9% 0.6% 2.3% 1.3%

8 Marion County 0.6% 0.6% 1.2% 0.0% 2.8%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Bradley County 0.4% 0.7% 0.7% 3.2% 0.0%

10 Shelby County 1.1% 1.5% 1.6% 0.0% 0.8%

• State Average 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.3% 0.7%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Shelby County, 1.1%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 3,005 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Shelby County, 1.5%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 100 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Shelby County, 1.6%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 171 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Wilson County, 12.7%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 17 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Meigs County, 7.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 140

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Texas
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 San Leon 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Bridge City 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In Texas, there are 1,087,720 residential properties,
3 Seabrook 100.0% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
172,143 miles of roads, 86,899 commercial properties, 2,840 infrastructure
facilities, and 5,223 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The 4 Groves 100.0% 99.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
following pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in 5 Port O’Connor 99.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Texas, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county
6 Bacliff 98.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
can be found at FloodFactor.com.
7 South Padre Island 99.1% 99.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

8 Clute 99.6% 98.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Dickinson 99.6% 97.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

10 Laguna Vista 99.7% 97.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

• State Average 15.6% 23.3% 17.5% 24.8% 16.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Port Arthur, 100.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 17,098 out of 17,098 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Bridge City, 100.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 109 out of 109 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Clute, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 423 out of 423 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Galveston, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 110 out of 110 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Port O’Connor, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 14 out of 14
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 141

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Texas
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Galveston County 79.0% 83.0% 80.9% 80.5% 84.8%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Orange County 63.8% 63.6% 69.5% 67.7% 63.5%
lower insurance costs. In Texas, Jefferson County has the largest number of
3 Brooks County 88.0% 44.6% 73.5% 42.9% 77.8%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 97,257 out of 123,526 properties protected. 4 Aransas County 58.8% 62.0% 76.7% 61.5% 59.4%

5 Calhoun County 68.3% 60.1% 55.5% 64.8% 63.3%

6 Jefferson County 59.2% 69.6% 53.1% 68.7% 46.4%

7 Brazoria County 49.2% 60.9% 60.6% 51.8% 52.1%

8 Matagorda County 49.0% 56.4% 45.2% 60.0% 29.6%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Fort Bend County 41.1% 50.5% 36.0% 24.5% 54.8%

10 Harris County 28.7% 62.6% 34.1% 48.5% 31.3%

• State Average 15.6% 23.3% 17.5% 24.8% 16.6%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Brooks County, 88.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,580 out of 1,796 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Galveston County, 83.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 2,827 out of 3,406 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Galveston County, 80.9%

Greatest risk to businesses with 4,200 out of 5,189 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Sterling County, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 4 out of 4 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Galveston County, 80.5%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 190 out of
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls 236 at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 142

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Texas
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Calhoun County 23.5% 18.2% 32.1% 20.9% 36.7%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Texas increase over the next 30 years
with a changing environment, an additional 84,956 residential properties, 5,608.0 2 Chambers County 15.9% 10.8% 9.8% 7.8% 32.4%
miles of roads, 5,033 commercial properties, 201 infrastructure facilities, and 343
3 Jefferson County 8.5% 10.5% 16.3% 8.2% 15.0%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Orange County 12.0% 13.5% 7.7% 7.3% 9.4%

5 San Patricio County 6.8% 3.1% 7.2% 11.7% 13.6%

6 Nueces County 9.1% 4.8% 3.6% 5.3% 4.0%

7 Matagorda County 4.2% 6.5% 4.6% 5.3% 2.8%

8 Aransas County 4.0% 7.2% 3.6% 5.1% 3.1%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Willacy County 4.0% 2.4% 2.7% 10.0% 3.3%

10 Galveston County 5.9% 5.0% 5.1% 2.1% 4.3%

• State Average 1.2% 0.8% 1.0% 1.8% 1.1%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Calhoun County, 23.5%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 1,367 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Calhoun County, 18.2%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 178 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Calhoun County, 32.1%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 195 additional commercial buildings at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Calhoun County, 36.7%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 11 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Calhoun County, 20.9%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 19
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 143

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Utah
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 West Bountiful 34.9% 40.7% 58.9% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Parowan 51.8% 51.0% 33.3% 33.3% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In Utah, there are 113,511 residential properties, 36,125
3 North Ogden 36.6% 54.5% 50.9% 50.0% 70.6%
miles of roads, 8,382 commercial properties, 210 infrastructure facilities, and 735
social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages provide an 4 Bountiful 20.7% 32.4% 47.9% 100.0% 47.2%
overview of some of the most at risk communities in Utah, additional information 5 Park City 21.2% 29.9% 74.0% 62.5% 59.2%
for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at FloodFactor.
6 South Salt Lake 31.0% 50.0% 50.3% 60.0% 43.3%
com.
7 Heber 38.3% 45.1% 45.5% 37.5% 62.1%

8 Nephi 28.7% 26.8% 35.0% 20.0% 100.0%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Snyderville 19.2% 28.8% 29.7% 50.0% 80.0%

10 Cedar Hills 18.3% 37.9% 50.0% 100.0% 0.0%

• State Average 14.2% 25.4% 22.1% 22.4% 24.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Parowan, 51.8%

Greatest risk to property owners with 127 out of 245 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Stansbury Park, 54.6%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 26 out of 47 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Park City, 74.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 97 out of 131 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Nephi, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 9 out of 9 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Bountiful, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 7 out of 7 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 144

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Utah
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Piute County 36.6% 33.9% 72.7% 60.0% 60.0%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of
flood risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well 2 Juab County 22.7% 26.5% 29.7% 38.9% 78.9%
as help lower insurance costs. In Utah, Beaver County has the largest number
3 Summit County 17.1% 29.3% 44.7% 48.4% 51.7%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 459 out of 8,422 properties protected. 4 Wasatch County 27.6% 30.4% 3.1% 50.0% 56.1%

5 Sevier County 26.1% 33.1% 50.0% 0.0% 50.0%

6 Rich County 36.7% 29.1% 25.0% 20.0% 25.0%

7 Iron County 19.3% 33.1% 29.6% 13.0% 40.4%

8 Weber County 19.4% 27.0% 23.1% 36.2% 26.1%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Salt Lake County 14.3% 32.7% 26.5% 30.5% 27.0%

10 Davis County 13.2% 24.8% 25.2% 32.7% 24.3%

• State Average 14.2% 25.4% 22.1% 22.4% 24.3%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Wasatch County, 27.6%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,603 out of 9,418 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Morgan County, 38.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 497 out of 1,295 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Piute County, 72.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 8 out of 11 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Juab County, 78.9%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 15 out of 19 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Piute County, 60.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 3 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 145

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Utah
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Piute County 2.1% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 40.0%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Utah increase over the next 30 years
with a changing environment, an additional 6,263 residential properties, 960.0 2 Wasatch County 1.6% 0.7% 0.0% 5.6% 3.5%
miles of roads, 369 commercial properties, 7 infrastructure facilities, and 22 social
3 Davis County 1.2% 1.3% 2.9% 0.0% 1.8%
facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Salt Lake County 0.8% 2.0% 0.8% 1.7% 0.7%

5 Box Elder County 0.6% 0.7% 0.4% 2.4% 1.5%

6 Iron County 0.9% 0.8% 1.6% 0.0% 1.9%

7 Weber County 0.9% 0.8% 0.9% 0.0% 1.8%

8 Uintah County 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.0% 2.9%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Daggett County 0.0% 0.5% 3.0% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Washington County 0.6% 0.9% 0.6% 1.5% 0.0%

• State Average 0.8% 0.7% 1.0% 0.7% 0.7%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Piute County, 2.1%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 3 additional residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Salt Lake County, 2.0%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 147 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Daggett County, 3.0%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 1 additional commercial building at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Piute County, 40.0%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 2 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Wayne County, 9.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 146

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Vermont
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Bennington 40.5% 49.8% 83.6% 100.0% 72.7%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Barre 29.2% 48.2% 79.2% 100.0% 89.3%
well-being of an area. In Vermont, there are 26,565 residential properties, 7,030
3 Montpelier 30.6% 52.4% 84.1% 100.0% 76.9%
miles of roads, 3,613 commercial properties, 273 infrastructure facilities, and 408
social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages provide 4 St. Johnsbury 15.3% 40.1% 38.4% 42.9% 16.0%
an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Vermont, additional 5 Brattleboro 10.7% 36.2% 30.7% 28.6% 29.0%
information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be found at
6 Essex Junction 3.7% 15.5% 14.3% 66.7% 28.6%
FloodFactor.com.
7 St. Albans 10.6% 18.8% 15.8% 75.0% 5.9%

8 Burlington 4.4% 15.7% 12.7% 54.5% 3.8%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Rutland 12.3% 17.0% 15.9% 11.1% 7.9%

10 South Burlington 3.1% 11.1% 8.0% 15.4% 5.0%

• State Average 14.5% 29.9% 30.4% 39.5% 30.1%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Bennington, 40.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,013 out of 2,499 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Montpelier, 52.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 42 out of 80 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Montpelier, 84.1%

Greatest risk to businesses with 190 out of 226 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Barre, 89.3%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 25 out of 28 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Montpelier, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 7 out of 7 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 147

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Vermont
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Washington County 20.9% 34.6% 59.8% 61.3% 60.4%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Windsor County 23.1% 38.5% 53.5% 48.6% 49.7%
lower insurance costs. In Vermont, Bennington County has the largest number
3 Bennington County 25.8% 35.4% 54.0% 43.2% 40.0%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 1,059 out of 20,217 properties protected. 4 Windham County 18.8% 36.3% 36.2% 44.6% 38.3%

5 Essex County 19.2% 30.9% 34.4% 53.8% 30.8%

6 Orange County 18.6% 35.0% 35.3% 47.8% 31.7%

7 Caledonia County 16.5% 30.5% 31.2% 40.5% 25.9%

8 Lamoille County 13.5% 27.1% 34.6% 40.0% 28.8%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Rutland County 15.8% 32.1% 21.9% 41.4% 21.7%

10 Orleans County 12.2% 23.2% 23.0% 34.3% 17.2%

• State Average 14.5% 29.9% 30.4% 39.5% 30.1%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Bennington County, 25.8%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,680 out of 10,376 residential properties at risk
of water reaching their building.

• Roads: Windsor County, 38.5%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 1,125 out of 2,924 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Washington County, 59.8%

Greatest risk to businesses with 721 out of 1,205 commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Social: Washington County, 60.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 87 out of 144 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Washington County, 61.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 38 out of 62
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 148

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Vermont
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Orange County 0.3% 0.4% 0.7% 2.2% 1.6%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Vermont increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 450 residential properties, 89.0 2 Bennington County 0.4% 0.5% 0.3% 2.3% 0.0%
miles of roads, 45 commercial properties, 3 infrastructure facilities, and 4 social
3 Washington County 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 1.6% 0.0%
facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Essex County 0.6% 0.6% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%

5 Caledonia County 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.0% 1.2%

6 Addison County 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.0% 0.9%

7 Lamoille County 0.2% 0.3% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Windsor County 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Rutland County 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Grand Isle County 0.7% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Grand Isle County, 0.7%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 23 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Essex County, 0.6%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 6 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Essex County, 1.0%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 2 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Orange County, 1.6%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Bennington County, 2.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 149

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Virginia
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Chincoteague 98.7% 97.3% 99.3% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Poquoson 78.4% 84.2% 72.0% 66.7% 84.6%
well-being of an area. In Virginia, there are 239,569 residential properties,
3 Bridgewater 40.6% 45.4% 63.3% 75.0% 71.4%
58,958 miles of roads, 17,704 commercial properties, 829 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,362 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following 4 Buena Vista 41.2% 50.8% 75.0% 66.7% 40.0%
pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Virginia, 5 Bluefield 29.5% 42.1% 72.0% 50.0% 53.8%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Basye 7.9% 24.5% 30.8% 50.0% 100.0%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Norton 33.9% 44.0% 37.4% 83.3% 12.5%

8 Richlands 33.7% 45.5% 33.3% 60.0% 36.4%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Pulaski 11.9% 30.5% 53.9% 75.0% 36.8%

10 Hampton 33.4% 47.9% 28.7% 61.1% 31.5%

• State Average 9.8% 24.7% 16.3% 27.4% 12.5%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Chincoteague, 98.7%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,565 out of 2,600 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Chincoteague, 97.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 102 out of 105 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Chincoteague, 99.3%

Greatest risk to businesses with 152 out of 153 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Chincoteague, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 11 out of 11 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Chincoteague, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 12 out of 12
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 150

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Virginia
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Poquoson city 78.4% 84.2% 72.0% 66.7% 84.6%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Buchanan County 66.2% 50.8% 77.6% 82.6% 81.0%
lower insurance costs. In Virginia, Buena Vista city has the largest number of
3 Buena Vista city 41.2% 51.0% 75.0% 66.7% 40.0%
properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 1,434 out of 6,472 properties protected. 4 Bland County 38.7% 47.0% 54.4% 45.5% 56.3%

5 Tazewell County 35.6% 47.5% 49.3% 54.5% 43.4%

6 Mathews County 43.6% 45.0% 40.5% 45.5% 50.0%

7 Norton city 33.9% 44.0% 37.4% 83.3% 12.5%

8 Russell County 30.2% 47.9% 51.5% 47.6% 29.2%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Smyth County 34.5% 50.6% 41.6% 44.0% 35.2%

10 Wise County 35.0% 40.6% 40.6% 58.6% 27.9%

• State Average 9.8% 24.7% 16.3% 27.4% 12.5%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Poquoson city, 78.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 3,488 out of 4,449 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Poquoson city, 84.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 81 out of 97 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Buchanan County, 77.6%

Greatest risk to businesses with 83 out of 107 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Poquoson city, 84.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 11 out of 13 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Waynesboro city, 85.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 6 out of 7 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 151

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Virginia
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Norfolk city 55.3% 43.5% 43.7% 22.6% 47.6%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Virginia increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 96,970 residential properties, 2 Portsmouth city 36.3% 32.1% 41.0% 16.3% 33.9%
3,503.0 miles of roads, 3,714 commercial properties, 106 infrastructure facilities,
3 Hampton city 33.7% 28.3% 27.2% 13.9% 30.9%
and 378 social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Poquoson city 21.2% 15.7% 27.1% 33.3% 15.4%

5 Mathews County 25.7% 23.9% 23.8% 9.1% 29.2%

6 Virginia Beach city 15.2% 17.6% 15.9% 14.3% 13.4%

7 York County 14.6% 9.0% 13.9% 28.0% 8.0%

8 Chesapeake city 10.3% 12.0% 8.0% 16.3% 6.9%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Gloucester County 8.4% 7.6% 6.0% 12.5% 6.1%

10 King William County 3.4% 1.5% 9.8% 8.6% 5.4%

• State Average 4.0% 1.5% 3.4% 3.5% 3.5%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Norfolk city, 55.3%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 29,568 additional residential properties
at risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Norfolk city, 43.5%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 600 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Norfolk city, 43.7%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 1,058 additional commercial buildings at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Norfolk city, 47.6%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 141
additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Poquoson city, 33.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 1
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 152

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Washington
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Fife 99.9% 86.5% 98.5% 100.0% 100.0%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Finley 89.2% 89.7% 92.2% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In Washington, there are 305,396 residential properties,
3 Longview 88.0% 83.8% 99.6% 94.1% 94.6%
50,325 miles of roads, 28,742 commercial properties, 1,077 infrastructure
facilities, and 2,055 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The 4 North Bend 81.1% 79.8% 87.8% 100.0% 100.0%
following pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in 5 Pacific 91.0% 85.8% 99.3% 100.0% 66.7%
Washington, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and
6 Toppenish 100.0% 93.2% 100.0% 50.0% 90.9%
county can be found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Sedro-Woolley 72.9% 79.0% 94.7% 100.0% 72.7%

8 Hoquiam 90.2% 75.0% 95.7% 62.5% 85.2%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Centralia 76.9% 74.8% 83.6% 60.0% 94.6%

10 Aberdeen 64.2% 65.7% 89.1% 66.7% 90.0%

• State Average 15.1% 29.1% 31.6% 33.6% 22.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Toppenish, 100.0%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,825 out of 1,825 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Toppenish, 93.2%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 38 out of 40 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Toppenish, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 215 out of 215 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: North Bend, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 18 out of 18 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: College Place, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 153

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Washington
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Columbia County 76.5% 52.4% 79.7% 56.5% 70.8%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Kittitas County 47.9% 34.7% 54.7% 57.4% 69.6%
lower insurance costs. In Washington, Cowlitz County has the largest number
3 Cowlitz County 51.2% 26.3% 70.5% 58.6% 56.9%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 21,008 out of 56,300 properties protected. 4 Garfield County 55.1% 39.1% 50.0% 37.5% 66.7%

5 Walla Walla County 51.7% 48.2% 48.1% 45.8% 50.5%

6 Grays Harbor County 41.0% 33.1% 69.4% 35.9% 62.6%

7 Whitman County 17.6% 61.4% 71.4% 53.8% 25.5%

8 Chelan County 29.0% 32.7% 56.2% 57.9% 36.8%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Pacific County 34.1% 28.0% 63.6% 36.8% 41.8%

10 Skagit County 26.5% 40.9% 55.2% 44.2% 36.3%

• State Average 15.1% 29.1% 31.6% 33.6% 22.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Columbia County, 76.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 991 out of 1,296 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Whitman County, 61.4%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 2,192 out of 3,571 miles of roads
at risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Columbia County, 79.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 228 out of 286 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Columbia County, 70.8%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 17 out of 24 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Cowlitz County, 58.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 51 out of 87
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 154

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Washington
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Pacific County 5.5% 1.4% 6.7% 0.0% 16.5%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Washington increase over the
next 30 years with a changing environment, an additional 15,549 residential 2 Jefferson County 1.1% 0.8% 12.9% 2.1% 7.7%
properties, 1,393.0 miles of roads, 1,631 commercial properties, 101
3 Kitsap County 1.0% 1.6% 4.2% 5.3% 2.7%
infrastructure facilities, and 147 social facilities will be at risk of becoming
inoperable.* 4 Thurston County 0.7% 1.1% 3.7% 7.0% 1.9%

5 King County 0.5% 1.0% 2.7% 8.6% 1.4%

6 Cowlitz County 0.8% 0.7% 1.7% 1.1% 9.0%

7 Wahkiakum County 9.7% 1.4% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Pierce County 0.7% 1.1% 2.0% 7.8% 0.9%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Walla Walla County 1.3% 0.6% 1.1% 2.1% 4.1%

10 Mason County 1.8% 1.3% 2.4% 1.3% 1.5%

• State Average 0.8% 0.8% 1.8% 3.2% 1.6%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Wahkiakum County, 9.7%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 145 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Skagit County, 1.7%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 55 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Jefferson County, 12.9%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 43 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Pacific County, 16.5%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 13 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: King County, 8.6%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 48
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 155

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

West Virginia
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Dunbar 80.8% 75.8% 95.7% 100.0% 88.9%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Mount Gay-Shamrock 59.5% 74.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
well-being of an area. In West Virginia, there are 128,067 residential properties,
3 St. Albans 64.6% 71.9% 96.5% 100.0% 75.0%
50,284 miles of roads, 11,072 commercial properties, 1,107 infrastructure
facilities, and 968 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following 4 New Martinsville 67.5% 77.8% 84.7% 83.3% 85.7%
pages provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in West 5 Weston 54.8% 70.8% 94.4% 100.0% 66.7%
Virginia, additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county
6 Richwood 48.8% 59.6% 70.4% 100.0% 100.0%
can be found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Nitro 73.3% 74.2% 96.7% 50.0% 62.5%

8 Wheeling 58.1% 61.5% 83.2% 71.4% 80.3%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Charleston 43.4% 55.0% 90.2% 82.5% 69.2%

10 Welch 60.2% 64.9% 89.3% 75.0% 50.0%

• State Average 28.3% 45.8% 37.2% 51.0% 36.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Dunbar, 80.8%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,218 out of 2,746 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: New Martinsville, 77.8%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 51 out of 66 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Mount Gay-Shamrock, 100.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 5 out of 5 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Richwood, 100.0%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 6 out of 6 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Dunbar, 100.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 7 out of 7 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 156

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

West Virginia
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Logan County 70.3% 69.7% 88.9% 78.4% 73.9%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 McDowell County 64.1% 60.4% 87.9% 85.4% 71.2%
lower insurance costs. In West Virginia, Cabell County has the largest number
3 Boone County 64.4% 67.7% 67.3% 75.0% 79.4%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 10,806 out of 50,297 properties protected. 4 Wyoming County 66.2% 61.5% 85.7% 76.7% 62.5%

5 Kanawha County 52.6% 60.4% 86.7% 76.4% 71.1%

6 Wetzel County 60.0% 50.4% 59.2% 77.4% 84.2%

7 Mingo County 52.0% 68.4% 48.7% 64.4% 75.8%

8 Wayne County 51.2% 61.1% 58.3% 57.3% 61.4%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Ohio County 46.2% 43.6% 72.7% 57.1% 64.6%

10 Pleasants County 44.0% 46.0% 35.7% 84.2% 60.0%

• State Average 28.3% 45.8% 37.2% 51.0% 36.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Logan County, 70.3%

Greatest risk to property owners with 799 out of 1,137 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Doddridge County, 70.3%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 962 out of 1,369 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Logan County, 88.9%

Greatest risk to businesses with 16 out of 18 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Wetzel County, 84.2%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 16 out of 19 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: McDowell County, 85.4%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 41 out of 48
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls at risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 157

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

West Virginia
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Wirt County 1.0% 0.3% 5.0% 0.0% 8.3%

As severity and frequency of flood events in West Virginia increase over the next
30 years with a changing environment, an additional 1,821 residential properties, 2 Cabell County 1.6% 0.8% 4.3% 1.7% 1.0%
394.0 miles of roads, 163 commercial properties, 14 infrastructure facilities, and 8
3 Jefferson County 0.2% 0.4% 0.7% 5.8% 0.0%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Logan County 0.4% 0.2% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0%

5 Randolph County 1.2% 0.5% 0.9% 2.9% 0.0%

6 Hardy County 0.6% 0.5% 0.0% 3.4% 0.0%

7 Mineral County 0.3% 0.4% 0.7% 2.4% 0.0%

8 Wayne County 0.9% 0.2% 0.3% 2.4% 0.0%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 McDowell County 0.3% 0.3% 3.0% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Boone County 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9%

• State Average 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.3%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Cabell County, 1.6%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 417 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Cabell County, 0.8%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 15 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Logan County, 5.6%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 1 additional commercial building at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Wirt County, 8.3%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Jefferson County, 5.8%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 3
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 158

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Wisconsin
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Oconto 65.1% 55.0% 65.3% 75.0% 57.1%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Rhinelander 30.9% 38.6% 50.5% 42.9% 61.9%
well-being of an area. In Wisconsin, there are 169,082 residential properties,
3 Lake Wisconsin 41.4% 34.1% 41.7% 100.0% 0.0%
35,754 miles of roads, 23,391 commercial properties, 758 infrastructure facilities,
and 1,294 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Fond du Lac 32.7% 34.7% 39.0% 30.0% 71.6%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Wisconsin, 5 Black River Falls 8.7% 22.7% 29.6% 66.7% 64.3%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Mayville 14.0% 29.0% 46.2% 50.0% 50.0%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Sparta 21.5% 28.8% 27.6% 62.5% 43.5%

8 La Crosse 36.9% 43.0% 31.3% 47.8% 22.8%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Kaukauna 7.6% 18.0% 26.0% 82.6% 43.3%

10 Merrill 21.8% 33.4% 41.6% 44.4% 25.0%

• State Average 9.9% 20.8% 15.6% 22.6% 15.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Oconto, 65.1%

Greatest risk to property owners with 994 out of 1,528 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Oconto, 55.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 39 out of 71 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Oconto, 65.3%

Greatest risk to businesses with 115 out of 176 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Fond du Lac, 71.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 53 out of 74 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Mequon, 83.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 5 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 159

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Wisconsin
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Trempealeau County 27.2% 43.1% 40.0% 39.5% 32.8%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Buffalo County 21.0% 37.2% 29.2% 52.6% 37.8%
lower insurance costs. In Wisconsin, Richland County has the largest number
3 La Crosse County 26.8% 34.1% 31.2% 45.1% 23.5%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 476 out of 20,387 properties protected. 4 Richland County 30.4% 47.9% 37.7% 20.0% 13.8%

5 Juneau County 20.8% 32.5% 24.2% 34.0% 26.2%

6 Pepin County 15.9% 29.9% 29.0% 22.2% 38.1%

7 Monroe County 17.7% 32.5% 24.4% 35.4% 23.1%

8 Crawford County 25.7% 35.7% 21.2% 25.9% 21.1%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Sauk County 15.9% 30.1% 24.2% 34.0% 20.9%

10 Rock County 9.8% 20.0% 19.9% 27.7% 44.4%

• State Average 9.9% 20.8% 15.6% 22.6% 15.2%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Richland County, 30.4%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,597 out of 5,245 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Richland County, 47.9%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 706 out of 1,474 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Trempealeau County, 40.0%

Greatest risk to businesses with 232 out of 580 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Rock County, 44.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 136 out of 306 at risk
of becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Menominee County, 66.7%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 6 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 160

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Wisconsin
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Jefferson County 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 4.2% 0.8%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Wisconsin increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 4,079 residential properties, 2 Waushara County 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% 3.1% 0.0%
572.0 miles of roads, 431 commercial properties, 7 infrastructure facilities, and 23
3 Portage County 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 2.7% 0.0%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Columbia County 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 2.0% 0.8%

5 Sauk County 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 2.0% 0.8%

6 Dane County 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 1.5%

7 Kenosha County 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.0% 0.8%

8 Waukesha County 0.2% 0.5% 0.2% 0.9% 0.2%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Juneau County 0.5% 0.5% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Rock County 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% 0.0% 0.3%

• State Average 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Fond du Lac County, 0.6%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 179 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Green Lake County, 0.7%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 8 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Juneau County, 0.9%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 6 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Dane County, 1.5%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 10 additional
facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Jefferson County, 4.2%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 2
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 161

City Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Wyoming
% in municipality with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank Municipality properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Rock Springs 17.5% 28.7% 55.7% 33.3% 52.6%

Flooding can impact day to day life within a community, cut off access to utilities,
emergency services, and transportation, and may impact the overall economic 2 Sheridan 22.2% 28.3% 43.6% 57.1% 27.8%
well-being of an area. In Wyoming, there are 27,103 residential properties,
3 Lander 24.3% 27.4% 45.1% 33.3% 40.7%
34,082 miles of roads, 3,348 commercial properties, 213 infrastructure facilities,
and 246 social facilities with operational flood risk* today. The following pages 4 Jackson 41.8% 37.1% 28.2% 0.0% 22.4%
provide an overview of some of the most at risk communities in Wyoming, 5 Casper 18.2% 30.8% 25.1% 41.2% 13.1%
additional information for each neighborhood, zip code, city, and county can be
6 Rawlins 18.0% 25.8% 28.8% 37.5% 7.1%
found at FloodFactor.com.
7 Laramie 25.3% 26.4% 24.8% 20.0% 18.5%

8 Evanston 12.9% 24.2% 30.1% 16.7% 10.5%

Municipality risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Torrington 25.6% 27.2% 12.5% 0.0% 23.1%

10 Worland 15.2% 19.1% 37.2% 16.7% 0.0%

• State Average 16.3% 22.1% 23.2% 31.6% 21.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Jackson, 41.8%

Greatest risk to property owners with 1,134 out of 2,715 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Jackson, 37.1%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 25 out of 68 miles of roads at risk
of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Rock Springs, 55.7%

Greatest risk to businesses with 309 out of 555 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Rock Springs, 52.6%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 20 out of 38 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Sheridan, 57.1%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 7 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 162

County Details Greatest proportion with operational risk today*

Wyoming
% in county with operational risk

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Hot Springs County 34.0% 27.2% 55.9% 80.0% 41.2%

Understanding the number of facilities or roads at risk and the severity of flood
risk can help communities better prepare for and limit damage as well as help 2 Teton County 44.5% 38.0% 28.0% 53.3% 41.1%
lower insurance costs. In Wyoming, Sheridan County has the largest number
3 Johnson County 10.4% 19.1% 17.7% 66.7% 44.4%
of properties currently protected with community flood mitigation projects or
structures with 9,238 out of 17,107 properties protected. 4 Sweetwater County 15.3% 21.8% 44.8% 32.0% 35.3%

5 Big Horn County 28.7% 19.6% 38.0% 25.7% 35.3%

6 Sheridan County 23.1% 23.9% 36.7% 27.3% 25.4%

7 Albany County 23.8% 22.6% 24.5% 34.3% 25.4%

8 Lincoln County 23.0% 28.6% 24.4% 34.9% 18.8%

County risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Carbon County 19.8% 22.5% 30.0% 30.0% 26.1%

10 Crook County 15.9% 24.1% 17.8% 50.0% 19.2%

• State Average 16.3% 22.1% 23.2% 31.6% 21.4%

Highest proportion of operational risk by category

• Residential: Teton County, 44.5%

Greatest risk to property owners with 2,604 out of 5,852 residential properties at risk of
water reaching their building.

• Roads: Teton County, 38.0%

Greatest risk to commutes and transportation with 975 out of 2,566 miles of roads at
risk of becoming impassable.

• Commercial: Hot Springs County, 55.9%

Greatest risk to businesses with 152 out of 272 commercial buildings at risk of water
reaching their building.

• Social: Johnson County, 44.4%

Greatest risk to government, education or social facilities with 8 out of 18 at risk of
becoming inoperable.

• Infrastructure: Hot Springs County, 80.0%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 4 out of 5 at
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls risk of becoming inoperable.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.
The 3rd National Risk Assessment: Infrastructure on the Brink l © First Street Foundation 163

Change by County Greatest growth in operational risk, 2021-2051

Wyoming
% increase in proportion with operational risk over next 30 years

Residential Miles of Commercial Infrastructure Social

Rank County name properties roads properties facilities** facilities+

1 Teton County 2.7% 1.5% 3.3% 3.3% 0.9%

As severity and frequency of flood events in Wyoming increase over the next 30
years with a changing environment, an additional 1,123 residential properties, 2 Washakie County 2.7% 0.5% 7.3% 0.0% 0.0%
883.0 miles of roads, 161 commercial properties, 4 infrastructure facilities, and 5
3 Uinta County 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 6.3% 0.0%
social facilities will be at risk of becoming inoperable.*
4 Johnson County 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.0% 5.6%

5 Natrona County 0.9% 0.7% 1.3% 2.6% 0.8%

6 Carbon County 1.0% 0.6% 0.8% 0.0% 2.2%

7 Lincoln County 1.6% 0.9% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0%

8 Park County 0.6% 0.8% 0.6% 0.0% 1.4%

Change in risk over 30 years
Based on proportion and severity 9 Hot Springs County 1.3% 0.5% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0%

10 Sheridan County 0.7% 0.4% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0%

• State Average 0.7% 0.6% 1.1% 0.6% 0.4%

Greatest growing operational risk by category

• Residential: Teton County, 2.7%

Greatest growing risk to property owners with 160 additional residential properties at
risk of water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Roads: Teton County, 1.5%

Greatest growing risk to commutes and transportation with 39 additional miles of
roads at risk of becoming impassable in 30 years.

• Commercial: Washakie County, 7.3%

Greatest growing risk to businesses with 26 additional commercial buildings at risk of
water reaching their building in 30 years.

• Social: Johnson County, 5.6%

Greatest growing risk to government, education or social facilities with 1 additional
facility at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.

• Infrastructure: Uinta County, 6.3%

*Operational risk denotes when a facility is flooded to the point where it can no longer function as intended or becomes unsafe. These thresholds vary
Greatest growing risk to critical infrastructure (utilities, emergency services, etc) with 2
depending on infrastructure type, see methodology for each as well as overall risk definition.
**The infrastructure category includes airports, fire stations, hospitals, police stations, ports, power stations, superfund/hazardous waste sites, water outfalls additional facilities at risk of becoming inoperable in 30 years.
and wastewater treatment facilities.
+The social category includes government buildings, historic buildings, houses of worship, museums and schools.
Locations with fewer than 10 miles of roads, 1,000 residential properties and 5 social, commercial, and infrastructure facilities are excluded from tables.