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•share & don’t let it stop with you!

 “Gold Rush Russia”Model

Analogies:

Small: Tiny Tall: High

Old: new Dirty: Clean
Bird: eagle Mammal: Camal
Travel : pleasure running: sweating
Freeze: ice -> Engine: noise
Bees: honey -> snake: poison
Hot: cold -> friend: enemy
Sun: heat -> exercise : health
Hair: brushing car: fixing
Water: pipes electricity: cables
wires :Accident: damage - speed: fine
traffic: tension -> failure stress
flood: fear (answer)
driver: license -> flying : ticket
scissors: paper -> sharpener: pencil

Sentence Completion:

1) Watching .......ends up spending too much time, which

with spending more time with your family. (television/interferes)

2) When you have more ..... time it leads to bad…… (free/deeds)

3) If you don't .....at the first time, try a little .......the next (succeed/ardor)

4) Most American live under the poverty……. and some live…… near it.
(Line/fretfully)

5) Beauty without ….... it is like a hook without……. (Grace/bait)

6) He who …… the guilty threatens the ……… (Spares/innocent)

7) I spent an hour searching for my ….... but it turned out it was on my desk all the

.......(Notebook/time)

8) He ……. no thanks who does kindness for his own……

(Denies/benefits)

9) If there are no more ...... you can start …....your test

(Questions/taking)

10) College students expect to .....paying job after graduation will be ......not to save

because he or she expects to make up for the time lost in saving money for later in

life. (obtain/apt)

11) Nora is .... to graduate from high school this year. Her dream is to …... in an

American school. (going/study)

12) I have always preferred…... areas to...... ones,

because I really like the countryside. (rural/urban)

13) Along the lines of rarely people are challenged with a hardship of ...... with

wealth and life with ……but some are somewhere in between. (life/poverty)

14) Many people with ......eating habits eat lots of junk food
but not lots of …….food. (modern/good)

15) Many students can't handle studying abroad because they feel…….. ( homesick)

16) Many places perceive time……. but they all are fascinated with ... and clocks.

(Differently/watches)

17) People think ……. is the root of all evil, but I think the……. of it is the real

problem. (Money/love)

18) Sitting in the evening of the first day of the season brings ….…. .when you

realize the days that will……… with the new season. (satisfaction/come)

19) ……. essay needs to give readers an opposing view for them to....... conclusions.

(A critical/reach)

20) Science studies the digital natives who have grown up with technology at their

fingertips, and in our culture, online shopping and instant messages don't …...cause

instant gratification, it ....... encourages it." (merely / encourages)

21) When a year......people make a New Year…...(Ends/resolution)

22) In families, it is......uniform for children to have the same personality variation,

even in the .......household. (Seldom/same)

23) Being good at …...is the secret to......(Planning/Success)

24) The ...... of sewing patterns can be creatively compared to......how to cook.

(Skill/Knowing)

………………………………………..

Contextual Error: NONE in this module*

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Passages:

Gold Rush Russia

> 🫥: Russian gold

In May 1942, the British ship Edinburgh was sunk in the Barents sea along with its

sixty crew members. It was on its way to Britain and had boxes of Russian gold. It was

left there, too far for divers to reach. In 1981, Jessop, a diver, decided to try new diving

methods/techniques to get the gold. The mission would cost 6-7 million dollars As he

didn’t have enough money, he had to convince other people to help. After all, they

didn’t even know if the gold would be there.

2) at first a Scottish diving company then a German shipping company agreed to join

the salvage operation. Jessop was able to convince a third company, experts in

underwater search, to help. Since The British and Russian owned the gold, they hoped

to make a profit too.

3) the biggest issue was how they were going to get the gold. They knew this would
be an extremely difficult and dangerous operation. They had to cut a large square in
the hull, then go through the empty fuel tank into the bomb room.

4) after 28 dives, the first piece of gold was found. Everyone worked night and day,

helping to clean and stack the gold, to finish the operation as soon as possible.

Finally, a hurricane (small definition of a hurricane) forced them to stop. In the end,

431 pieces of gold were recovered and Jessop and his team profited $18 million—

more than they had dreamed of making. It was the most successful diving mission

1) Who was the gold owned by?

British and Russian governments

2) Where were they sailing to?

To Britain

3) Why couldn't he do the mission by himself?

It was too expensive

4) Why was it risky?

They weren't sure the gold was there

5) How did they get the gold?

They went through the fuel tank

6) Why did they end the search?

Because of the hurricane

7) How many people died?

Tens

8) The Gold originally belongs to?

British & Russia

9) Why didn't Keith Jessop, director of Jessop Marine Recoveries Ltd. (JMR) go

alone for the search of Edinburgh ?

He couldn't have enough resources

10) How many people were aboard when it sunk?

58

11) Why did they stop the evacuation?

Because of weather conditions

12) How much gold was recovered?

Worth 85 million dollars

------------------------------------------------------------------

California Earthquakes

California earthquake

The West coast of California is part of the Great Pacific Basin. More than 80% of the

world’s earthquakes occur in this area. California also experiences 1000 small

earthquakes every year. Many of these earthquakes are so slight that only animals

and seismographs (small definition of seismographs) sense them. Every once in a

while, however, a major earthquake strikes, causing terrible losses of life and

buildings, like the great San Francisco earthquake of April 18, 1906.

At 5:15 a.m. when most San Franciscans were asleep, the ground began to shake.

Thousands of buildings collapsed, broken electric wires and gas lines started many

fires. Firemen couldn’t put out the fires because the streets and the water lines

were broken. Over 28,000 buildings burned, about 2,500 people died, and 250,000

lost their homes.

Many scientists believe the next big earthquake will come before 2006.

1) Where do most frequent earthquakes happen?

California

2) Who else can detect small earthquakes?

Animals

3) How many people lost their homes to earthquakes?

250,000

4) Why couldn't the fire force put out the fires easily?

broke the water

 “Taj Mahal “Model
Analogies:

Discuss: Argue Nibble: Eat

Dig: Delve (ANSWER)
Snap: Clap
Sleep: rest
2. Cotton : Shirt - Fruit: Jam
Flour: Bread (ANSWER 1)
Fruit: Jam (ANSWER 2)
3. Sandstorm: Weather - Lizard: Reptile (ANSWER)
4. Take: Snatch Look: Stare (ANSWER)
5. Oven : Cook Knife: Cut (ANSWER 1)
Wax : polish
Rain : umbrella
Wax : polish (ANSWER 2)
Rain : umbrella
6. Drill : Hole Manufacture : Product (ANSWER)
Aim : Fire
7. Biology: Science Boot : Footwear (ANSWER)

9. Scissors: Cut - Shovel: Dig (ANSWER)

10. Lamb: Sheep Seed: Tree (ANSWER)
Lion: Pride
Egg: Flour
Foot: shoe
11. Hunger: Food - Sick: Doctor (ANSWER)
12. Sugar: Cane Pearl: Oyster (ANSWER)
Wheat: Bread,

13. Sigh: Relief yawn: tiredness (ANSWER)

fear: trembling,
 14. Money: Poverty Light: Darkness (ANSWER)
Ingredients: menu
15. Toe: Foot → Grape: vines
Core: Apple (ANSWER)
16. Combination: Separation - Safety : Danger (ANSWER)
17. Level: Flat -> Raise : Lift (ANSWER)
Honor: Defend

Sentence Completion:

1) The flight service operator ……... to come early to the airport, despite ....... his
advice there were delays. (suggested, taking)

2 ) Ahmed has been…....all week for the football, so he was......about it!

( practicing, excited )

3) Mahmoud ........ his college application on time. Now he waits ...... to see if he'll
get an interview. ( completed, anxiously )

4) Nora found…..... while reading a book that …..... her about her childhood.
(something, reminded )

5) the ministry of educations leader……...the completion. Over

400 international and…….. universities took place in the event.
( processed/national )

6) Sami had a……....of spiders, so he……..to go camping with his family.

( Fear, Refused )

7) Sami had a .......... of spiders, so he doesn't go...... with his family.

( Fear, camping )

8) The public………. about environment has changed in the last decade this
is……………. due to the exposure on media.
>awareness, predictably” believably”

Contextual Error:

1) During the early years of the universe, (almost) Inconceivable violence raged
through the (cosmos), yet this (tranquility) only managed to (produce) a small
number of atoms. {(Tranquility))

2 ) Literary criticism has in recent years become increasingly (concreate); it is

almost impossible for the non-literary person to understand it its analysej
([concreate))

3) the admiral ordered his (plan) to attack when he saw the (white flag) raised by
the enemy (sailors); he was relieved that he could bring an end to the (hostilities).
(plan))

4) "I arrive to earth as a meteor and leave as a (thunderbolt)!" A quote said by

someone to someone. This quote in fact doesn't reflect his charming (solemnity),
because in his professional life which was for about 10 years, he wrote poems and
books, but he then sank into the (abyss) of (darkness). {solemnity)

5) A (stubborn) child, she was soon bored in class; she already knew more
mathematics than her junior school teachers.
{(stubborn}}

6) People wonder why there are (homogenous) explanations to the same thing. The
(reason) is that each one of these explanations (caters) to a set of readers, who
have read with ideas that drive widely (different) from each other.
{ (homogenous)}
7) I write for little boys and girls but] don't want adults to (spurn) on my books on
that (accent). I want them to also remember how they used to be with their (queer)
and strange interests they used to engage with. ({Accent)) could be spurn.

8) The prime minister dismisses criticism that he has (attentively) neglected the
(economy) and social issues. (attentively)

9)The revivial of the european, Arabian (doctors) and philosophers (attributed)

knowledge that europeans learn from even in the twelfth century, and
(concentrated) their knowledge for when they go home which (facilitated) the
progress of science. {(concentrated)}

10)Mohamed (entertained) the idea of being a Doctor.However, his father

(encouraged) him to join the family business. {(encouraged)

11) The teacher was a great speaker his colleagues were too (dazzled) by his
(posture) to question his contentious (hypothesis ) ‹(Posture)}

…………………………………………………………….

Passages

Taj Mahal

Shah Jahan was a ruling emperor of a large portion of northern India in the

early 1600's. In 1612 he married, as one of his three wives, Arjumand Banu

Begum. She was called Mumtaz Mahal, which means 'Chosen one of the

Palace. She was the emperor's favorite wife.

His wife died in 1631, after giving birth to her 14 children. Shah Jahan had

built several large structures already in India. He grieved for his wife and
decided to build a giant tomb or mausoleum in her memory. He wanted it to be

across the Yamuna River from his palace in Agra.

Although the mausoleum was begun in 1632, it was not finished for about 20

years. The architect is thought to have been Ustad Ahmad Lahouri. 20,000

workers from India, Persia, Europe and the Ottoman Empire were employed.

In addition, 1000 elephants were used for carrying and dragging the huge

pieces of stone and marble. The cost was measured in rupees and today

would equal about 827 million dollars.

The Taj Mahal means crown of the palace and was named in honor of Shah

Jahan's wife. It covers 42 acres. It is made of white marble and semi-precious

stones, like jade, crystal and turquoise. The jewels were made into

complicated designs. A central dome which reached 240 feet was surrounded

by four smaller domes. Four thin columns called minarets were at each of the

four comers of the base or platform upon which the building stood. These

were working towers where muezzin (priests) four times a day called out

people for prayer.

Verses from the Quran, the Islamic holy book, were inscribed over the arched

entrances. They were also inscribed in other places in the whole complex. The

calligraphy, or writing, was done by Abdul Haq. Inside the mausoleum is an

eight-sided room. It is decorated with jewels. In this room was the cenotaph or

false coffin of Mumtaz Mahal. Her real coffin or sarcophagus where her body

lies is below.

In the complex were other structures. A main gateway of red sandstone and a

garden cut into four sections by pools of water were also constructed. A red
sandstone mosque (place of worship) was built along with a jawab or mirror

image of the mosque opposite it. The Mughal dynasty of which Shah Jahan

was a part commanded that no future alterations could be made.

It is told that Shah Jahan intended to build another mausoleum for himself

connected by a bridge to that of his wife. However, in 1658, the 3 sons of

Mumtaz Mahal overthrew his father who was sick and took over.Shah Jahan

spent the final years of his life under close supervision, or house arrest. He

lived at the Red Fort in Agra in a tower. He died in 1665 and was buried next

to his wife.

In the 200 years after Shah Jahan's death, the Taj Mahal slowly fell into

disrepair because no one took care of the buildings. In the late 1800's, when

Great Britain ruled over India. Lord Curzon, who was the viceroy or governor

of India, wanted to preserve India's heritage. He ordered that the mausoleum

complex be restored.

About 3 million visitors come to see the Taj Mahal each year. Unfortunately,

pollution from automobiles and factories is discolouring the white marble.

However, in 1998, the Supreme Court of India passed some anti- pollution

laws. They prevented automobiles from driving in the close neighbourhood of

the complex. They also closed nearby factories.

1) What year did Mumtaz Mahal die?

( 1631 )

2) What does the author write about the different area the workers came from?
- To show that they chose the finest of workers.
3) What is the meaning of integrated?
- Combined

…………………………………………………………..

Bees

There was also a passage about pesticides and how they kill bees. 85% of the bee
population decreased; this pesticide went into the nectar that bees were eating.
There was also a doctor that made a conclusion that these pesticides resulted in the
decline of bees. His conclusion was an "informed point of view", which is the
answer to one of the questions. Most of the analogies were from the tajmeeat.

1) What can you take from the passage?

- the queen bee determines the health

2) Who does "they" refer to in the bees passage?

- They refer to the pesticides (ANSWER)
They refer to the insects
They refer to bumblebees

3) A question about pesticides causing stuff

- affected humans

4) You can infer that the number of pesticides in an area determines the?

- health of nation

5) Increase in pesticides caused?

- Farmers coming back with less food

6) A doctor made a conclusion his conclusion was?

- Informed point of view

7) What do you understand from the first paragraph?

> some pesticides in farm corps and in garden are dangerous to bees (ANSWER)
-> Many pesticides... are used to kill bees
> scientists researched more than 100 nations

8) Which of the following is TRUE?

- Bees fed pollen and sugar water were lighter (ANSWER)
9) . like what bees eat determine their body color?
-›bees are always exposed to pesticides through the nectar they eat

10) The decline of bees .....

> 85%

Reducing the range of flowers

> Caused diseases
> Affected humans (ANSWER)

-Bartering

In the old times people used what as a form of money?

> Bartering

2) When did coins become common through Europe?

-> Middle Ages

3) Coins needed to be?

Stamped in a certain weight and a fixed value
4) Closest meaning to exchanged?
Trading

5) Rice and Grains were rare back then, so they are? What can you infer from the
passage
- Expensive

6) What does they refer to?

-> Pieces of paper

7)-What can u infer from the first passage?

They bartered instead of using money

8) Meaning of frequently?
usually
………………………………………………………..

Porsche 911
1) What does "he" refer to in the passage?
> Ferdinand Alexander Porsche

2) In the 911 there was a question asking what enthusiast means in "car
enthusiast."
-> Admirer
3) When did FA Porsche's become head of the Porsche group?
→ A round 5 years after he joined
4) What is true based on the passage? or what did FA focus on more on the cars
after he became the head of the company?
-> He cared for function more than decoration

5)After how many years did he become a head ??

- Immediately
10 years after he joined
1 year after
 “Turkey Whistling”Model

Analogies:

1. Touch: Hit Talk: Shout (ANSWER)

Angry: shout
Sing: Dance

2. Knife: Fork Salt: Pepper (ANSWER)

France: country
3. Locked: Key -Rain: Umbrella (ANSWER)
Happiness: Smile

Happiness: Smile Angry: shout (ANSWER)

Tiredness : Rest
5. Tooth: Comb Pages : Novel (ANSWER)
7. Orange: Citrus - Laptop : Computer (ANSWER)
- Fruit: vegetable
Glass: Plastic
- Dog : Puppy
8. Baking: Cake Coding: Program (ANSWER)
-Weighing: Scale
9. Walk : Run -Speak: Shout (ANSWER)
10. Clay : Brick - Water: Ice (ANSWER)
- Build: Make

12. Cry: Sadness -Gasp: Surprise (ANSWER)

14. Cavity: Filling Breakdown: Recovery (ANSWER)

15. Happiness: Delight Trash: Garbage (ANSWER)

Egg: Omelet
16. Nose: Face Petal: Flower (ANSWER)
Cherry: Ice Cream
 17. Library: Read Gym : Exercise (ANSWER)
18. Ride: Bike Type: computer (ANSWER)
19. Chew: swallow Heat: boil (ANSWER)
Shake : shivering
Think : thought

20. Brave: coward inside: outside

21. Exercise : strength - laziness: failure
22. Accident: injury cavity: pain

Sentence Completion:
1) A few dozen Mathematicians and ....... gathered to have a meeting about
computer programs at ....... of the college.
- scientists, campus (ANSWER)

2) Google is famous for finding answers. Type a .........related to your business and
see what ……come up.
- keyword, results (ANSWER)

3) Melbourne…......witnessed an unusual sight A roadster made almost ......from

Lego bricks cruising down the streets.
- residents, entirely (ANSWER)

4) In July 2017, Sarah Al Mohhak joined an ....... group of people who climbed
mountains in every .......
- elite/continent (ANSWER)

5) Archeologists have ....... something and other .... From 11th century Viking city
- Unearthed/objects (ANSWER)
- concealed/weapon
- destroyed/nations

Contextual Error :
1) Britain (believed) that coffee will surpass tea in most drink.
However this event did not (occur). It was (Accounted) that 2 fifth of people drank
tea in the (reduction) of water. (reduction )

2) new study has (highlighted) the distressing scope of yet another threat to coral
reefs: plastics. Researchers (analyzed) more than 124,000 corals from 159 reefs.
Almost everywhere they looked, they saw bits of plastic. "We (rejected) chairs, chip
wrappers, Q-tips, garbage bags, water bottles, and old nappies," said a marine
(disease) ecologist and Cornell University. (rejected)

3) Archeologists and historians in Dublin have (protected) human history which has
greatly (impacted) the Stone Age, ice age, What age are we in now? The answer to
that question is (simply); the (plastic) age (protected )

4) Just beyond the village of X, at the end of the dirt road (surrounding) a brush,
lies a (painting) made from stone and coral which leads to an above ground cave
(system). (painting)

5) Before they were (bacteria) in your fridge or household supply cabinet, many
ordinary products were used in extraordinary and often totally absurd (medical)
contexts. The most popular example is Coca-Cola, which was first (brewed) on
March 29, 1886 by Georgia-based (pharmacist) John Stith Pemberton. (bacteria)

6) To form a (vivid) image of the chaos theory someone came up with an imaginary
(law): A butterfly in Japan (flaps) its wings and in course of the events (triggers) an
El-Niño in America. (law)

7) For millions of people, (boarding) a jet plane for a quick journey to a city many
hundreds or even thousands of miles away, is very much a (routine) act more than
any other object, the jet airliner is the (destination) that served to "shrink the
globe", bringing in the modern age of (international) travel. (destination)
8) A group of scientists spent several weeks (diving) with whale sharks in the
Galapagos Islands last summer and fall in an attempt to solve some of the most
(enduring) mysteries. They tried some never-before-used (focus) on the species in
the wild: taking blood (samples) and doing ultrasound exams. (focus)

Passages :
USS Independence
1) When was the USS Independence ship sink ?
- World War 2 (ANSWER)
2) Which of the options did the writer state as a fact?
- The research ship was named Nautilus
3) How many unmanned submarines have the scientists deployed?
-( 2)
4) When was the USS Independence ship disposed of ?
- World War 2
5) Meaning of scuttled?
- sunk on purpose

……………………………………………….

Turkey Whistling

1)What was their language?

- Whistling language (ANSWER)

2) What landscape does a country in Turkey have?

- Mountainous (ANSWER)

3) What language do the villagers speak?

Whistling language (ANSWER)
- Birdsong
4) In the meaning who still uses this language?
- shepherds and Kuskoy villagers (ANSWER)

5) Meaning of advances ?
- improvements (ANSWER)

6) What's the meaning of update?

- modernize (ANSWER)

7) What did the writer say about phones ?

- They are a more private way to message (ANSWER)
- They connect houses together

-------------------------------

Dementia
The trial, funded by the National Institute of Health Research, ran between January
2013 and September 2015. People with dementia were randomly picked to take
part in the programme for nine months or continue with their usual treatment. At
the end of the period they were assessed for quality of life, agitation and other
symptoms
1) How many institutions participated in the experiment?
- 69 (ANSWER)
- 800
- 869

2) What did Prof Clive Ballard Mention about dementia institutes?

- That they are excellent
- That they differ (ANSWER)
- That they are average
- That they are high

3) What does social interaction do to people with dementia?

- Improve their quality of life (ANSWER)
4) What did the people who participate in the program do?
- They continued with their usual treatment
- They took part for nine months (ANSWER)
-The volunteered to join
- They support the NIHR
-------------------------------------

Learning Gap Between Kids

1) What the point of this learning technique?

- Stop the difference between the rich kids and the poor (ANSWER)

2) What was used in the park for learning math?

- Puzzles (ANSWER)
- Hopscotch

3) What does stimulate mean?

- Force
- Design
- Inspire (ANSWER)
 “STARS”Model

Analogies:

. Accept: Repel Glean : Scatter

Nightmares: Fears Travels : anxiety (ANSWER)
Peace: Prosperity
3. Plant: Watering → Coin : Minting (ANSWER)
- Sugar: Dissolving
4. Pony: Horse -> - Cheddar: Cheese (ANSWER)
- Flower : Tree
. Eagle: Hawk -> Rice: Wheat (ANSWER)
- Tea : Water
6. Rodent: Squirrel →> - Canine: Wolf (ANSWER)
- Book: library
7. Refusal: Denial -> Rebuttal : Refutation (ANSWER)

8. January: December> (ANSWER)

Week : Day
Months : Year
9. Trunk: Branch -> Necklace: Diamond (ANSWER)
Leaf: Tree
Health: Cancer
Plateau: Trough (ANSWER)
Study: Sport
10. Brave: Coward -> Happiness: Fear
11. Chair: Sitting → Ice: Skating (ANSWER)

12. Apple: Orange freedom: individuality

Sugar: Pepper
 Cinnamon: ginger (ANSWER 1)
Room : Hut
or
freedom : individuality
Sugar: Pepper
Room : Hut (ANSWER 2 )
13. Hospital: Wing → Anchor: Ship
Forest: Land
Literature : Tragedy ( ANSWER)
Window : Room
14. Impartial: Fair -> - Sin : Vice (ANSWER)
15 Mammal - Human - Vehicle: Truck (ANSWER)
16. Dangerous : Peril → Sword : Saber (ANSWER)
17. Sofa : rug -> Cinnamon: Ginger (ANSWER)
room: hut
Coffee: pizza
Drink : food (maybe)
18. Maple: Syrup →> Grapes : Vinegar (ANSWER)
Coffee: Beans

Sentence Completion:

1) Fish have..........tails, aquatic......have horizontal. (vertical , mammals )

2) If you want to……...a crying baby, put it near ……...water. ( pacify, running)

3.)The person does most …...... after the fender bender is usually the one that caused

the............(talking, accident )

4) In order to roughly.........from Celsius to Fahrenheit you double the number and

............30. that way 10 Celsius is 50 Fahrenheit. (convert, add )

5) Birds that fly in a V …….... are almost…......Canadian. ( shape, certainly )

6) If he wants…….. in life he must look after his........... (comfort, health )

7) If you want to set the price for a knitted sweater, multiply the cost of the ....... by
three , it should make a good hourly wage while still making the price............

(materials/affordable )

8) If you have a………... job you must be able to support ……....three times your

annual income. ( steady, mortgage )

9) The ……..... is like medicine , we can taste its..........but we are not grateful for it

( truth/bitterness)

10) Don't buy extra ......... until you can be sure your……... will pay it back

in 3 months. (equipment/business)

11) To get an accurate ………. of the number of people in a stadium.

You must take the numbers reported by .......... and subtract the number reported

by detractors and multiply it by three. ( estimate, supporters )

12) Be careful, when writing a …...... make sure not to use words you have to ........

( speech, look up )

13) people who are very ill if they ........... down and don't put their arms……... to

protect themselves. ( fall, out)

14) If you feel pain in your …………. after climbing stairs or getting up from a chair,

you should do …………… exercise. ( back, extension )

15) I've learned to share my.............with others and keep my………. To myself.

( Happiness, sorrow)

…………………………………………………………………………………..

Contextual Error:

NONE IN THIS MODULE

…………………………………………………………………………….
 Passages:

Stars

If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different

colors. Some are red, others are yellow, and some are blue. This is also shown when

we take color photographs of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with

an ordinary camera as long as it is kept steady. A thirty-second exposure is

sufficient.

Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found

that blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few

stars which cannot be classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example,

GIANT l is a blue superstar as big as 40,000 suns, and Beetlejuice is a superstar with

a size equal to 17,000 suns.

Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither

of them is a superstar, he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer.

Astronomers have instruments like light meters which can measure the brightness

of a star quite accurately. It is possible to measure a star’s distance from the earth

if astronomers know the color, brightness, and whether or not it is a superstar.

1) The general idea of the passage is ?

-> Stars can be classified based on colors and size

2) All are characteristics astronomers use to classify a star except for?

-> shape

3) Which can be said about Betelgeuse?

-> It's about 17,000 times the size of a sun

4) What does "IT" in paragraph one refer to?

-> The camera

………………………………………………..

World War II

World War II occurred during the years 1939-1945. It was a war that involved

virtually every part of the world and cost the most deaths ever.

The origin of the war can be traced back to 1933 when Adolf Hitler became

the leader of Germany. He at once began secretly preparing the German army

to be a military super power. Germany had suffered a humiliating defeat during

World War I (1914-1918) and Hitler wished for revenge. His ambition was to

cross German frontiers with the hop of restoring the once mighty German

empire.

In September 1939, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, Germany invaded

Poland. Two days later Britain and France came to Poland's rescue and

declared war against Germany. Then Russia, an ally of Germany ,attacked

Poland from the other side of the Polish border. Within a month, Poland fell

into the hands of the Germans and the Russians.

The leaders of Italy and Japan also wanted to expand their empires. The

leaders of the two countries signed a treaty with Hitler promising to help one

another with their expansion plans. The group called themselves the Axis

After the fall of Poland, Germany embarked on an attacking spree and

defeated Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium and France. All these countries

were conquered within a span of a few months. The threat of the vast
combined German army, navy and air force, also enabled Hitler to occupy

Austria and Czechoslovakia without any blood-bath. Adolf Hitler then became

the supreme ruler of almost the whole of Central and Western Europe.

Still hungering for more conquests, Hitler turned his attention to Britain. Land

invasion of the nation was impossible because of the English Channel. So the

German air force tried to bomb Britain into submission but was defeated by

the Royal Air Force in the Battle of Britain

In the meantime, some countries on the side of the British had joined hands to

form the Allies. In June 1941, Hitler turned on Russia and this made the

Russians join the Allies. In 1943, the Allied forces won a major victory over

German troops in North Africa. The Russians too were able to force the

Germans to retreat from Russia. Though weakened considerable, the German

troops still continued in fighting. The eventual occupation of Germany by the

Allied troops between March-April 1945 finally brought the fighting in Europe

to a stop. Hitler committed suicide on 30 April 1945. Eight days later, the

German troops surrendered.

But World war II was not over yet. The war had spread to South-Western Asia

in 1941 when Japan attacked an American naval base in Pearl Harbor,

Hawaii. This caused the Americans to team up with the Allies in the war in the

Pacific region. The bombings of the Japanese towns of Hiroshima and

Nagasaki in August 1945 by the Americans when tens of thousands of people

were killed or wounded for life signaled the close of World War II. The

Japanese signed the formal surrender on 2 September 1945.

1) Why were modern weapons able to destroy whole cities?

-> Because they were more advanced

2) How much did the war cost?

-> More than any three previous wars

3) Why did people not think about long-term future?

> Because they were busy with the everyday problems due to the war

4) What happened after the war of ww2 ?

Disaster remained

5) Meaning of Perplexed?

confused, baffled, puzzled

…………………………………………………………………………

Alternative medicine

Alternative medicine is, by definition, an alternative to something else: modern,

Western medicine. But the term ‘alternative’ can be misleading, even off-putting

for some people. Few practitioners of homeopathy, acupuncture, herbalism, and

the like regard their therapies as complete substitutes for modern medicine.

Rather, they consider their disciplines as supplementary to orthodox medicine.

The problem is that many doctors refuse even to recognize ‘natural’ or

alternative medicine, to do so calls for a radically different view of health, illness,

and cure. But whatever doctors may think, the demand for alternative forms of

medical therapy is stronger than ever before, as the limitations of modern medical

science become more widely understood.

Alternative therapies are often dismissed by orthodox medicine because they are
sometimes administered by people with no formal medical training. But, in

comparison with many traditional therapies, western medicine as we know it today

is a very recent phenomenon. Until only 150 years ago, herbal medicine and simple

inorganic compounds were the most effective treatments available.

Despite the medical establishment’s intolerant attitude, alternative therapies are

being accepted by more and more doctors, and the World Health Organization has

agreed to promote the integration of proven, valuable, ‘alternative’ knowledge

and skills in Western medicine.

1) Few practitioners of alternative medicine..?

> Consider their therapies to the complete replacements for modern medicine.

2) Alternative therapies..?

-> Are becoming more popular with many doctors.

3) Western medicine..?

> Has existed for a comparatively short time.

4) The World Health Organization..?

-> Will support effective traditional knowledge and skills.

5) How do doctors feel about alternative medicine?

> They're suspicious

6) Why is alternative medicine becoming more popular?

-> Because people are realizing the limitations of science

7) How does the WHO feel about alternative medicine?

-> Favorable

8) What was mainly used as alternative medicine before modern medicine was

developed?

-> Herbs

……………………………………………………………..
Civil Engineers and Growing Urban Areas:

1) What does rudimentary mean?

-›Fundamental

2) Which one might pose as a problem to civil engineers?

-Many citizens moving in

……………………………………………………………..

Writers

1) Which of the following is not TRUE?

> Writing is a simple task

> Writing is time consuming

> Writing is a fun task

>Writers sometimes don't finish their work

1. What do many people assume about authors?

-> Writing is a simple task

 “Chinese Tea” MODEL

Analogies:

Sunset: Nightfall Crawl : walk (ANSWER)

Early : Late
name : Year
2. Supermarket: Shopping - Pool : Swim (ANSWER)
3. Bulb : Lamp - Nut : Shell (ANSWER)
4. Lost map - Definition: Dictionary
5. String: Guitar Feather : Bird (ANSWER
6. Dig: Bury Revise : memorize
hum: sing (ANSWER)
7. Suggest : Demand Hum : Sing (ANSWER)
Revise : Memorize
Believe : Support
dig : bury
8. Wind: Sandstorm - Earthquake : Tsunami (ANSWER)
10. Allergy: Sneeze - Invest: Wealth (ANSWER)
4. Celebration: Holiday Jigsaw: Puzzle
Infection: Fever (ANSWER)
15. Beetle: Insect Biology: Science (ANSWER)
16. Protect : Abandon Admit: deny (ANSWER)
Talk : write
18. Boredom: Fidget - Appreciation: Applause (ANSWER)
19. Trapped: captured chasing : catching (ANSWER)
Thirst : Hunger
20. Rubber tire Steel: Car (ANSWER)
Ink : Pen
21. Paint: brush - Wash: soap (ANSWER)

Sentence Completion:
1. The German manufacturer Volkswagen……Toyota to become the biggest
manufacturer in the world by………10000 cars last year.
→ overtook, producing (ANSWER)

2. ......... to BuzzFeed Cristiano Ronaldo became the highest paid athlete for the
fourth time in a……….. in 2017.
- according, row (ANSWER)

4. My father said I needed a………… to come with me to the conference because I

was not old enough to go …….. so I brought my friend with me.
- Companion, Alone (ANSWER)

5. There has never been a ……..... sward made of bad

- good, steel (ANSWER)

6. Camping is such a good….... activity to do in your ………... time.

- Outdoor, Free (ANSWER)

7. Hieroglyphics are ...... The more people learn it the more…….. it gets
- Intriguing, fascinating (ANSWER)

8. The bitcoin………. started on 2009, in ………to real money, it has no company.

- currency, contrast (ANSWER)

9. Wadi Tayyib Al Ism is one of the many natural …... of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Nestled in the middle of the ……. this valley is located in the Tabuk province.
- wonders / mountains (ANSWER)

Contextual Error:

1) All the extension network is speedy in delivery there maybe delay due to the
breakdown and (robberies) also there will be extra toll charges. ((robberies))
2) Choosing the design of a bridge (fortunately) depends on how wide the
obstacle is - is it a small road or an enormous river?
The main difference between the three main types of bridges is the distances they
can cross in a single (span). (fortunately)

3) The production of energy through (sunshine) energy in the past years has
increased dramatically. (sunshine)

4) In the past, when children asked why sea water is salty, they would (broadcast)
curious (explanations). Today, google tells you that dissolved salt from open river
and oceans flow into the sea. (Broadcast)

5) At the base of a steep ridge near the small South African town of Porterville,
outside Cape Town, is a painting of a wooden ship. Its masts and rigging are(
innocent) , traced on a lined and rugged rock surface. (innocent )

6) Bahrain announced their latest discovery of oil reserves larger than previously
(estimated), (in conclusion), to support the increased production of (natural) gas.
( in conclusion)

7) Humans (crafted) types of ( chairs) from wood for ages.

(Ancestors) solved the problem by chopping down trees, creating (everything)
from small huts built with twigs to (buildings) with large timbers.
(chairs )

.8) Someone was (opposed) to the idea of ( building ) something (adjacent) to a

park and that it was going to be (rejected) by 8ft
- building.

………………………………………………………………………………..

Passages
Chinese Tea
Chains Tea
The history of tea dates back to ancient China, almost 5,000 years ago. According
to legend, in 2732 B.C. Emperor Shen Nung discovered tea when leaves from a wild
tree blew into his pot of boiling water. He was immediately interested in the
pleasant scent of the resulting brew, and drank some. Legend says the Emperor
described a warm feeling as he drank the intriguing brew, as if the liquid was
investigating every part of his body.

Shen Nung named the brew “ch’a”, the Chinese character meaning to check or
investigate. In 200 B.C. a Han Dynasty Emperor ruled that when referring to tea, a
special written character must be used illustrating wooden branches, grass, and a
man between the two. This written character, also pronounced “ch’a”
symbolized the way tea brought humankind into balance with nature for the
Chinese culture.

The popularity of tea in China continued to grow rapidly from the 4th through the
8th century. No longer merely used for its medicinal properties, tea became valued
for everyday pleasure and refreshment. Tea plantations spread throughout China,
tea merchants became rich, and expensive, elegant tea wares became the banner
for the wealth and status of their owners.

The Chinese empire tightly controlled the preparation and cultivation of the crop. It
was even specified that only young women, presumably because of their purity,
were to handle the tea leaves. These young female handlers were not to eat garlic,
onions, or strong spices in case the odor on their fingertips might contaminate the
precious tea leaves.

Up to the mid-17th century, all Chinese tea was Green tea.As foreign trade
increased, though, the Chinese growers discovered that they could preserve the tea
leaves with a special fermentation process. The resulting Black tea kept its flavor
and aroma longer than the more delicate Green teas and was better equipped for
the export journeys to other countries.
1) What is the surprising fact about the invention of tea?
> It happened by accident (ANSWER)
made his stomach feel good.

2) Why was black tea better than green?

Foreign traders (ANSWER)
> Tastes better
Traditional drink

St. Pierre Volcano

Volcanic
In 1902, a catastrophic volcanic eruption obliterated the town of St. Pierre on the
Caribbean island of Martinique, killing some 28,000 individuals in a flash. A young,
French naval lieutenant, George Hebert valiantly coordinated the evacuation of
over 700 people, both indigenous and European, from the outskirts of the town.
The experience had a profound effect on him.
For as he watched people move in those crucial first moments, it seemed that the
indigenous people overcame the obstacles in their path with grace and creativity,
while the Europeans moved badly, searching for familiar pathways, which now no
longer existed. It was clear to him that "modern man" had lost the ability to move
efficiently and effectively in all but the most routine environments.
In addition, the heroism and tragedy he witnessed on that day reinforced his belief
that, to be of real value, athletic skill and physical conditioning must be joined with
courage and altruism, an epiphany which gave rise to the original motto of
parkour, "Etre fort pour être utile" "Be strong to be useful." Traveling extensively,
Hebert continued to be impressed by the physical development and movement
skills of indigenous peoples in Africa and elsewhere. Based on these observations,
Hebert formulated a physical training discipline that he called "the natural method"
using climbing, running, swimming and man-made obstacle courses to recreate
the natural environment.
Hebert's "Natural Method" soon became the basis for all French military training,
and the first organized obstacle course training in the modern era. Inspired by his
work, units of the French Special Forces in the 1950's further developed Hebert's
work into what came to be known as, "parcours du combattant.", or "the path of
the warrior". What did Herbert think of the European man?

What role did Larry play in the eruption?

> He got people to safety

What does Epiphany mean as used in paragraph?

-> Discovery

Why did the author mention the parkour quote?

→ To convince the reader of nis ideas
- You have to be strong both physically and mentally to support others (ANSWER)

Railways

Which is a fact
> The first steam powered railway was established in 1803

Why didn't people know about other cities?

- Because they couldn't reach them

What does Impediment mean as used in paragraph 2?

> Difficulty

What does the author mean by local knowledge?

> Knowledge was restricted

Flow State in Psychology

1)What is the phrase the author uses for "flow":
→ in the zone (ANSWER)

2)Why does the author mention occupational therapy (OT)?

- Because the term flow is used in OT (ANSWER)

3) What's the main difference between flow and hyperfocus?

> hyper focus can be negative, flow can be positive (ANSWER)

4)How does the author describe the flow?

> being carried away (ANSWER)

5) What's the closest meaning to metaphor?

Difficulty
Philosophy (ANSWER)
Experience
State

6) What can replace flow

> positive psychology-
-mental state -

7) Why is it called flow?

> being carried away
 ANGOLA DOCTOR” Model

Analogies:

Branch: leaves country: cities

Nail: cut - Hair: trim
Money: pocket grip : hand
Push: pull win : lose
Money: wallet Papers: Folder
Week: day Hospital: Lab
Floor: rug Bed: Sheets
shirt : buttons Wound: Stitches / pants: belt
Accept: repel - Glean: scatter
Factory: laboratory culture: challenges
General: specific real: fictional
Scream : shout hard : difficult or swim: dive
Head: hat glove : hand
Strong: powerful Pure : transparency
Animal: herd players: team
Vegetables: vitamins book: knowledge
Sea: salt milk: : cow
Book writer Home : builder
Travel: journey Move : relocate

Sentence Completion:

1) John went to several job …….... and he never found one of the offers ........

(interviews/exciting)

2) The rhythm of life was ……. by the sunrise and sunset;

compared to our time, we have electricity and can achieve our work in the ...... of

night. (determined/darkness)
3) Nobody can ........ that Ahmed is a good student, he gets .... grades in university.

(deny/good)

4) The .... is like medicine, we can taste its .... but we are not grateful for it.

(truth/bitterness)

5) Having good attendance is important, being ... is usually a sign of .......of

motivation. (absent/lack)

6) Compared to ……...., young people have different sense of time; for them the

……... is no limitation. (elderly/future)

7) Taking the bus to .... is a good thing because it helps ..... the environment.

(work/protect )

8) Idealists often have ... with being .... in their every day life (difficulty/practical)

9) During the winter it's necessary to ....... in clothes before spending .... outdoors

(bundle/time)

10) As you grow older it is ….... that your memory will be less ….... (usual/sharp)

11) Someone working on a …….. but he has to have patience, not every company

is…… overnight (business/born)

12) Our personalities are shaped by our ............. but our…………

can reshape them. (environment/choices)
…………………………………………………………………

Angola Doctor

1) Where did Kristy used to work?

-> Southern England

2) Why did Kristy change her job?

> It wasn't exciting enough.

3) What is the aim of the organization?

> to help the ill

4) What does Kristy plan to do after she left Angola

> Come back to Africa someday

5) Where does Kristy work now?

> in Angola

6) Why is the health there poor?

-> militant groups

7) What are Kristy's thoughts on her job in Angola?

> She is satisfied with it

8) how long?

> 8 months

…………………………………………………………………………

Football Match

1) Why does no one go to matches anymore?

-> because it's not secure

2) What should someone do if they go to a match?

-> not leave their kids by themselves

3) What happened to a big club in the last six games?

> didn't score a single goal

4) what is happening in recent times ?

-> less people are coming to watch the matches or cheer for the team in the

stadium

5) how was the match the writer talked about?

- boring

6) What should they do so people start coming again?

> players should self-control

7) This was written for what?

> for the newspaper

----------------------------------
 “Khubali Khan” Model

Analogies:

Icy : Slip Successful : Boast

Pool: Swim Runway : Land

Novel: Poem Pencil : Marker

Afraid: Terrified Funny : Hilarious

Game: Play Research : Analyze

Look: Glance Sleep: Nap

Lens: Camera Wing : Plane

Bulb: Lamp Nut : Shell
Damage: Fix Danger: Hide
Different: Dissimilar Appalled : Dreadful
Gold : Ring Cotton : Shirt
Air travel: Fly Garment : Wear
Ride : Horse
Think : Brain (ANSWER)
Pleased : Disappointed Rarely: Frequently
Shirt : clothing Desk : furniture
Sentence Completion:
1) Mom taught me not to….... others for my problems and to look at…… instead.

(blame/myself)

2) In the largest …………of it is kind, a group of psychologists conducted Personality

tests to look for similar....... between 49 different nationalities. ( survey/traits )

3) As soon as we......to London there was a heatstroke and it was 35 ........

(Go/degrees)

4) I am ......... to move to London but I'm also quite……. (excited/nervous)

5) We carry our passports or our national IDs to ….... to the largest kinds of …....

( clarify - organization )

6) these days, many people make the…….. of working jobs they don't enjoy just

to……. money, only to spend it on things they don't really need.

( Fault, Earn )

Contextual errors

1) Ultra-modern city Hong Kong is the most popular (environmental) destination in

the world, where shopaholics seek for (bargains), full of bustling (markets) and

malls. ((environmental))

2) The documentarists were (frustrated) about the lack of awareness of poverty in

the US, so they decided to film an (experiment) where they'd live on the minimum

(money) for a month. ( Money)

3) Stop buying fashion magazines and looking at models; they have an obvious

negative (impulse) on you. Besides, your pictures aren't taken by expensive

cameras and altered by programs. (impulse)

4) I am a very (fit) guy because of work, I carry out baggages and (hold) them into

the truck. (hold))

5) (Whereas) you are in the jungle, you need to leave all your (luxuries) at home!

That means, forget your mobile phone, your (favorite) coffee, your chocolate bars,

and your CD player. When you're in the jungle, you need only four things, water,

food, (shelter), and fire. You can find all of these easily, but you must know what to
look for. {(whereas)}

6) The Brazilian city of Minas Gerais is no ordinary city, it has the best transport

system in the world. The mayor and council began (recognizing) the system in

2007. ((recognizing))

7) I work in a local newspaper, give (clues) and my dream is to work in an

international newspaper (clues))

8) (Most) people who don't have phobias don't understand (different) even if

people with phobias know there's no real (danger) they can't (control )their fears.

{{Different))

9) increased urbanization and infrastructure development, which has expand

lifestyle patters, in addition to affecting energy levels and overall satisfaction are

declining among residents. (satisfaction

………………………………………………………………………

passages

Khubali Khan

In the 13th century, the Chinese emperor Kublai Khan embarked on a bold

experiment. China at the time was divided into different regions, many of which

issued their own coins, discouraging trade within the empire. So Kublai Khan

decreed that henceforth money would take the form of paper.

It was not an entirely original idea. Earlier rulers had sanctioned paper money, but

always alongside coins, which had been around for centuries. Kublai’s daring
notion was to make paper money (the chao) the dominant form of currency. And

when the Italian merchant Marco Polo visited China not long after, he marveled at

the spectacle of people exchanging their labor and goods for mere pieces of paper.

It was as if value were being created out of thin air.

Kublai Khan was ahead of his time: He recognized that what matters about money

is not what it looks like, or even what it’s backed by, but whether people believe in

it enough to use it. Today, that concept is the foundation of all modern monetary

systems, which are built on nothing more than governments’ support of and

people’s faith in them. Money is, in other words, a complete abstraction—one

that we are all intimately familiar with but whose growing complexity defies our

comprehension.

Today, many people long for simpler times. It’s a natural reaction to a world in

which money is becoming not just more abstract but more digital and virtual as

well, in which sophisticated computer algorithms execute microsecond market

transactions with no human intervention at all, in which below-the-radar

economies are springing up around their own alternative currencies, and in which

global financial crises are brought on for reasons difficult to parse without a Ph.D.

Back in the day, the thinking goes, money stood for something: Gold doubloons

and cowrie shells had real value, and so they didn’t need a government to stand

behind them.

1) Domestic trade was difficult in the empire because?

"the diversity of currencies".

2) The emperor's decision can be described as?

"progressive".

3) The main idea of the passage is?

"how money doesn't necessarily have to be represented by precious substances".

4) What can be understood from paragraph (4) is?

> Finance and the concept of money seemed easier to understand in the past

5) "Embarked on" means?

"started".

………………………………………………………………………………..

Psychology Books:

(The answers are as the following):

1) The passage can be described as?

"an introduction to a reading list"

2) Prospective psychology students should be?

"familiar with the scientific method".

3) What does "Delve into" mean?

-> "explore"

4) According to the last paragraph?

> Successful books tend to be used for a long time

5) What can be understood from paragraph 4 ?

Finance and the concept of money seemed easier to understand in the past

6) The main idea of the passage is ?

How money does not necessarily have to be represented by precious substances

……………………………………………………………………

Elsie:
(Answers are as following):

1) Elise's sleeping habits ?

dominated her mother's life

2) Elise's parents are lucky because ?

"help is nearby"

3) In paragraph (1), the author's tone is.?

> sympathetic (ANSWER)

- Concertful

4) Sleep deprivation within children?

has increased substantially over the years.

5) The problem has proven to be

very expensive.

6) Vicki understands?

how parents of sleep deprived children feel.

7) What does GP mean?

> "medical doctor" (ANSWER)

2) describe what's happening in paragraph 2

> Elsie always sleeps with her mom at night

> Elsie makes her mother always late for work.

> Jayne has to wake up her daughter everyday at 8:15 (ANSWER)

-------------------------------------------------------
 “Marshmallow “Model
Analogies:

1. Plane: Hangar -> - Turtle: Shell (ANSWER)

2. Coffee: Cream → - Shirt: Tie (ANSWER)
3. Diamond: Mining -> - Pearls: Shelling (ANSWER)
4. Manager: Organize → - Narrator: Anecdote (ANSWER)
5. Student: Class → - Stove : Kitchen (ANSWER
6. Intellectual: Think -> - Lamp: Light (ANSWER)
7. Birth : Death -> Plough : Harvest (ANSWER)
Scarce : Abundant
Front seat: trunk
8. Annex: Extension →> - Crude : Rough (ANSWER)
Street: Sidewalk → Pencil : Eraser (ANSWER)
Spear : Areow
10. Shower : Clean→ Cover: Protect (ANSWER)
11. Pen: Paper→> Soap: Water (ANSWER)
12. Generate: Energy - Spin : Dizzy ans2
Sanction : empower
Chase : pursue
Electricity : Heat (ANSWER 1)
13. Hairloss: Bald -> - Friction: Erosion (ANSWER
14. Scarce: Abundant - Appoint : Dismiss (ANSWER)
theory : paradigm
Empty: vacant
Expensive: costly
15. Accident: Injury →> Water: Erosion (ANSWER),
injury : pain
16. Plunder: Booty → Chisel: Sculpture (ANSWER)
17. Defect: Repair -> Ignorance: Ask (ANSWER)
Improvement: Aid
Challenge : Provoke
 Sentence Completion:

1. For over 50 years …...... and amateur historians have gone all over the north of

Norway ....... For traces of Vikings.

Archaeologists, Searched (ANSWER)

2. The university dean ......the student for the....... and hard work

> Commended, Dedication (ANSWER)

3. Although The Shard is one of London's newest……….London is still the most

popular paid tourist ……....in the United Kingdom, with over 3.75 million visitors per

year.

→ Landmarks, Destination (ANSWER)

4. Abdullah was…….....to join the MBA. He wasn't sure if it ……..him

> hesitant, suited (ANSWER)

5. The taxi driver.... some concerns to the tourists about the road they were

planning on going on, he said the driving ........ were dangerous.

-> Addressed, expectations

> expressed, conditions (ANSWER)

6) Ahmed has been……....all week for the football, so he was……..about it!

-> training, determined (ANSWER)

 7) Each occupation has its own.......bankers, lawyers and computer professionals, for

example, all use among themselves language which outsiders have difficulty

following. (jargons)

8) Its hard to imagine how things were before ……....were invented, we certainly

couldnot .....information as easily as we can now.

-> Computers, Get (ANSWER)

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Contextual Error:
1)The assumption that (chlorofluorocarbons) would be (deleterious) in the

environment because they were chemically (inert), was (challenged) by the

demonstration of a potential threat to the ozone layer. ({deleterious))

2)(Biological) clocks are of such (basic) helpful (adaptive) value to living (organisms)

that we would expect most organisms to (endure) them. (endure)}

3) Each occupation has its own (weaknesses), bankers, lawyers and computer

professionals for example, all use among themselves (languages) which outsiders

have difficulty (following). {{Weakness)}

4) Having been (chief) accountant for so many years, Ms.George felt herself to be

indispensable and was (unwilling) to (assume) control of department after the

merger. ({assume))

5) but their intensity diminishes as they travel further from their source. ((erratically))

6) Iodized deficiency is (eradicated) in these remote mountain regions; however, it is

no longer (prevalent) in the lowlands where iodized salt is (available). (eradicated)}

7) The (intellectual) flexibility inherent in a (multicultural) nation has been (stifled) in

classrooms where emphasis on British - American literature has not reflected the

cultural (uniformity) of our country. {uniformity)

8. (Unlike) the ancient Greeks, we are interested in a person's (stereotypes), the

(things) that make each person (different) from the general. ({stereotypes))

9- His characteristically (accommodating) views on examination methods at

university level have aroused (antagonism) in those who want to introduce

(innovative) and flexible (patterns) of assessment. {(accommodating))

10) Even after a century of (cursory) investigation, (the relation) of the solar cycle to

terrestrial weather (remains) (enigmatic).

{(cursory)}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Passages

Seal Whiskers

1) What best title that suits this passage?

- Whiskers at works (ANSWER)

2) What's one thing they can NOT detect underwater?

Alternations in their surrounding

Seize skimming fish

size of prey
Nasa Space Shuttles

1) What is the California Science Centre?

-> Space Museum (ANSWERS)

> NASA headquarters

2) What wasn't a part of what NASA was giving away?

Orbiters (ANSWERS)

-> Artifacts

> Diapers

-> Landers

3) What does clamoring mean in the passage?

> Pursue Loudly (ANSWERS)

4) What is the Smithsonian?

→ the first museum to ask for artifacts from NASA (ANSWER)

- Science center

→ NASA Shuttles

5) Who does "their" refer to?

→ NASA (ANSWER)

-> Smithsonian's

Marshmallow Experiment
1) Who were the "rewarded delayers" in the passage

-> The kids who did not eat the marshmallow at once.

2) What do we learn from the passage about leading a successful life?

> you are more likely to lead one by practicing impulse control.

Sami reindeers
1) What is the basis of Sami economy

> Reindeer Herding (ANSWER)

- Norway

2) What does the word "Jagged" mean?

-> Rugged (ANSWER)

> Irregular

> Notched

> Wild

3) What is it that we take from paragraph 4?

-> There is a strong connection between language and culture.

4) What do Sami Herders focus on achieving in their tradition of reindeer herding?

> becoming one with the herd. (ANSWER)

5) How do you describe the treatment of young Sari herders in the compulsory

boarding school?

> Discrimination, because they were forbidden from speaking their own language.
(ANSWER)

6) What keeps the herdsman busy?

> His reindeer herd (ANSWER)

7) What was the grazing effect on sami Reindeers?

> more geographically restricted (ANSWER)

8) In the earlier Norwegian policies, we can say that the Sami reindeer's condition

was?

> compulsory (ANSWER)

autonomous

Multinational Companies
1) What is the meaning of stagnant?

> unchanged (ANSWER)

2) What is the meaning of protrude?

-> bulge (ANSWER)

3) What's the best title for multinational?

-> USA reviving, China consuming

> Foreign investments in the US

-> The coming market of multinational

> China: put all of your chips on China

4) Increase of economy?
->9.1% (ANSWER)
………………………………………………………………………………………..

Mind reading

1) What did they use to fly on?

Brain activity (ANSWER)

Computer Screen

Virtual machine

2) What does XXX mean?

> illusion (ANSWER

 “ Hawaiian Cowboys” Model

Analogies:

Egg: Oval -> Table: Round (ANSWER)

Zebra: Stripes
Wolf: fang
Oil: *Greasy -> Chilli: Spicy (ANSWER)
School - round
River: cold
Fire: Heat
Apple: Fruit →> - Monkey: Primate (ANSWER)
Scroll: Mouse → Peel: Knife (ANSWER)
Whistle: sound
Map: direction
Tree: oxygen
Ruler: Measure -> Pencil: Record, only if knife cut isnt an
option (ANSWER)
Cry: Sadness -> Gasp: Surprise (ANSWER)
hilarious : happy
Water: Swimming → Mountain: Climbing (ANSWER)
Eyes: Seeing →> Brain : Thinking (ANSWER)
glasses : seeing/watching
Heart: Love →> Lion : Bravery (ANSWER)
Lost: Map -> Sprain : Bandage (ANSWER)
Unkind: Generosity →> Tasteless : Flavor (ANSWER)
Graceful: Flexible Evil : Insane
Frightening : Spooky
Beginner: Expert →> - Child : Adult (ANSWER)
Shoelace: Tie -> - Button : Push (ANSWER)
Monkey: Primate -> - Apple: Fruit (ANSWER)
Hardworking: Lazy -> - Complete: Lacking (ANSWER)
 Exercise: Fitness -> Dizziness: heat
Monsoon: flood (ANSWER)
Thunder : Lighting (ANSWER)-maybe

Drivers: License -> Flying : Ticket (ANSWER)

Cavity: Filling -> breakdown: recovery (ANSWER)
Erase: eraser -> > Plot: Plan (ANSWER)
Dismal: Dark - Funny: Hilarious
- Immense: Vast

Sentence Completion:

1) Nada and Rahaf have been friends since.........they will.........friendship into forever

> childhood, turn (ANSWER)

> childish, took

-> children, find

2) There has been..........about expanding the great mosque in

Makkah to make it easy and............for everyone.

> discussions, comfortable (ANSWER)

3) Video games are new ……….and their latest………. allow you to play without a

controller.

> inventions, editions (ANSWER)

4) Samy is/will be ………to Japan, so she began learning about their history and …….

> traveling, culture (ANSWER)

- going, traditions
> studying, politics

5) *Dr. Qahtani was the first antique ……….. in the national museum, she is the first

.......to graduate.

- specialist, woman (ANSWER)

6) Sara stayed home for summer .........to………..her money.

-> vacation, save (ANSWER)

7) When I was a medical ………… in university, I learned............Egyptian letters.

→ researcher, ancient (ANSWER)

8) The judo …….. was held by the school and was …………by 12 students.

Tournament (competition) , comprised ( answer)

……………………………………………………………………………..

Contextual Error:

NONE in this module

Passages:

Hawaiian Cowboys
Hawaii's cowboys, or paniolo, date back to 1798 and their modern-day equivalents

are trying to preserve the tradition. But are they a dying breed?

We usually associate cowboys with American states like Texas, California and New
Mexico, but Hawaii has its own strong cowboy tradition dating back more than 200

years. It is a tradition Hawaii's older cowboys are trying their best to preserve.
It all began in 1798 with a gift of cows from Captain George Vancouver to King

Kamehameha I. They thrived so well that the fertile land was soon overrun with wild

cattle. Not knowing how to deal with them, the Hawaiians called in the experts -

Mexican vaqueros, or cowboys.

The heart of paniolo country is in the north of Hawaii's Big Island. Drive just 20

minutes up the road from sandy beaches and palm trees, and the landscape

transforms into rolling green hills dotted with grazing cattle, more reminiscent of

Switzerland.

It is here you will find Hawaii's most traditional paniolo town, Waimea (also called

Kamuela), where the cowboy heritage is so strong even the stop signs say "Whoa".

Paniolo culture is a much-loved and respected part of Hawaiian heritage, with

cowboy songs often performed on the ukulele, and paniolo steaks and burgers

popular favourites on restaurant menus. Even so, Danny Akaka has seen paniolo

numbers drop significantly in recent years.

"In some cases one member of the family might remain on the ranch and work with

their parents, while others leave and just come home to visit. The ranching
traditions are still carried on although times are tough. Beef prices have dropped

and it is hard to make a living off ranching alone now. Many have other jobs to

supplement their income with ranching as just a side job."

But Sonny Keakealani Jr hopes that the young cowboys he mentors will continue to

enjoy the cowboy lifestyle.

1) in paragraph one, we know that Hawaiian Cowboys are?

> Traditional Cowboys (ANSWER)

-> As old as American cowboys

> Influencers in American cowboy culture

- Influenced by American cowboy technique

2) Who asked for the Vaqueros help?

→ Hawaiians (ANSWER)

3) Meaning of Mentor in paragraph 2?

-> Teacher (ANSWER)

> Origin

> relatives (D's ANSWER)

> guide

4) What does "its" in the paragraph refer to?

- Vaqueros (MAYBE) (ANSWER)

> research ( MAYBE ANSWER)

5) What is said about ranching as a job?

> it wasn't enough for a cowboy to live off (ANSWER)

helped the cowboys to live

6) What did John say regarding the Paniolo culture?

- It will always remain a central part of Hawaiian identity.

> It has become widely recognized in mainland America.

→ It has been widely adopted by mainland ranchers.

-> It's likely to be less popular in the future. ( ANSWER)

7) Meaning of thrive?

> Increased
> nourished (ANSWER )

> Adapt

-> Deteriorate

8) How Waimea?

Unusual Hawaiian town (ANSWER)

9) what is Wiamea known for ?

Cowboy heritage (ANSWER)

10) Who are the Mexican vaqueros ?

Cowboys (ANSWER)

Children Eating Habits

1) The children's preferences were

- numerous

→ avert

→ obvious (ANSWER)

2) how to make the children's eating habits better ?

> self regulating food

- looking up to parents

> By taking as much information as possible

-> to imitate their parents (ANSWER)

3) Rewarding children had .... influence on them?

- Unintended (ANSWER)

- positive

4) What's the purpose of the text?

-> Provide solution to a problem (ANSWER)

> to give information

5) What does "reward delayed" mean?

-> The children who were able to wait longer for preferred rewards (ANSWER)

6) What does this research conclude?

- There are early indicators for a successful life (ANSWER)

Coral Reef
1) If the starfish are partially to blame or not to blame at all?

-> Partly Blame (ANSWER)

2) What's shrinking?

> Coral (ANSWER)

> Australia

> starfish

Immunity
1) What did he say NOT to do?

-> Wash with antibacterial soap (ANSWER)

2) According to dr. Blumberg what is the hygiene hypothesis?

- Exposure to germs at youth enhances your immunity system (ANSWER)

3) Meaning of determinant

Cause (ANSWER)

result

-> Effect

4) What did he say was possible for the spread of autoimmune diseases through

more exposure at a young age?

Stop it.

Bez it

prevent it" (ANSWER)

Cure It
 “Fresh Water” Model

Analogies:

Pamphlet: Book -> Stool: Chair

Illness: Virus -> Trauma: Accident
Blindness: eyes -> recession: economy(answer)
ray: beam - letter character
Color: fabric -> Pitch: Sound
Rocket: trajectory > Journey: Itinerary
Page: Book -> Season: Year (answer)
Fish: School - Locust: swarm
Winter: Cold - playground green
Sand: Dunes -> Rain: Ponds
Copy: Authentic > Reproduce: Original
Recall: Forget -> Care: Neglect

Sentence Completion:
1)I would love to stay in a village where it ……….. to be calm and quiet. Life in cities

is...... too busy. (tends/simply)

2) Look for happiness in your own …….. don't look for it in someone else's .......

(home/garden)

3) In families it is ……... uniform for children personality variation even in the ……..

household. (Seldom/Same)

4) When the area of …….. widens, the area of ……... narrows.

(Austerity/Prosperity)
5) A friend is like an/a ……..., the more it ……..... the more you need it.

(Umbrella/Rains)

6) People think marriage is based on …….... love and understanding, but I think it's

based on the share of…………… (Mutual/Responsibility)

7) If there are no more ……..., you may ……….. your exam.

(Questions/Begin) >

8) Ali's .......... was on his desk all the…………. (Notebook/Time)

9) Having good attendance is important, being ……... is usually a sign of ……... of

motivation (absent/ lack)

10) the power of life isnt determined by its ……..., but rather by the power it ……...

(longevity, gives)

………………………………………………………………………

Contextual Error: NONE in this module

Passages:

Fresh Water

1) What is the percentage of water on earth?

> More than 70%

2) Most of earth's water comes from?

-> Oceans
3) What is the main idea of the passage?

> Freshwater Scarcity

4) How does freshwater get contaminated?

> Glaciers Melting (Not sure )

5) Freshwater is......... According to the paragraph?

> Decreasing and diminishing

6) What type of water comes from swamp?

- Still Water or dirty water

7) What are the effects of advanced in medical fields led to?

- fresh water supply

-Increase in healthy people

8) How are Europeans boats described as in the 1st century?

> Hard to move

9) what is the best tittle ?

The decrease of fresh water

10) what is not a way water would get polluted ?

watering the grass

…………………………………………………………………

Paragraph 2 ARAB DHOW

1) PARAGRAPHE 2 is mostly talking about?

- The many benefits of Dhowers

2) How did Henry improve the dhows?

> He took ideas from the Arabs or he made them faster

3) Meaning of substantial?

> Major

4) What was the Europeans boats problem?

- They were uncontrollable

5) Why is the Arab Dhow famous?

> Maneuverability

6) why did Henry become interested in Arab Dhower ?

Because of its maneuvering

7) What is the best title?

> Arab dhows and their contributions...