Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE)
 ACCIDENT THEORY

MATERIAL

WORKER
Work Methods
ENVIRONMENT MACHINE
 Personal Protective
Equipment
Personal protective equipment are
variety of devices and garments
designed to serve as a barrier
between workers and workplace
hazards.
 PPE: Last line of defense
Three areas where hazards can be controlled

Administrative Control :
Exposure time limitations ,Safe work practices
Alarms and Warning signs, Training and Education

Workplace Worker
Management
Engineering Control :
Point of contact:
Elimination of the hazard
Minimization of the hazard
>PPE
Isolation of the hazard
Redirection of hazard
Guidelines in Selecting PPE

1. Identify the hazard

2. Understand the effect
3. Recommend the proper equipment
4. Train on proper usage and maintenance
 Personal Protective Equipment:
Worker’s Last Line of Defense
Different occupations expose workers to the possibility of injury,
illness or even death due to the various hazards present in the
workplaces. These hazards, though in some ways minimized, can
not be entirely eliminated by both engineering and administrative
control measures. There is still a need for another form of
protection that will serve as a barrier against workplace
hazards…the Personal Protective Equipment.

Personal protective equipment or PPE is not a mere substitute

for engineering and/or administrative controls. Rather, it should be
used in conjunction with these controls to better provide for
employee safety and health in the workplace. In this light, PPE that
is made available for workers’ use must be appropriate and of
approved type.
Personal Protective Equipment

Head Protection Eye & Face Protection

Hearing Protection Respiratory Protection

Hand & Arm Protection Foot Protection

Torso Protection Fall Protection

 HEAD PROTECTION
Hard Hat or
Safety Helmet
A rigid device that is
worn to provide
protection for the
head and which is
held in place by a
suitable suspension.
Parts of a Hard Hat
1. The suspension system includes the headband and
straps on the inside of the hat. This system absorbs
and distributes the force of impact.
2. The hard outer shell protects the head from sharp
objects, such as falling tool. It also absorbs part of
the force of impact, since it’s somewhat flexible.

3. The chin strap secure the hard hat to the wearer’s

head.
4. The brim redirects the direction of the falling object.
Characteristics of a Good Quality Hard Hat

HARD HAT must be able to absorb the

shock of the blow from falling objects, be
able to resist penetration from sharp
objects and must be a good insulator
against electrical hazards.

Additional characteristics of a hard hat is

its ability for low water absorption and
slow flammability rate of the shell.
Personal Protective Equipment
Care and Maintenance

Wash with mild soap and water.

Inspection
1. The suspension system – look for frayed, worn,
or cut straps.
2. The hard outer shell – must have no cracks.
Head
protection
should be worn
whenever there
is even a
remote chance
that a head
injury could
happen!
 Eye & Face Protection

Protective eye and

face equipment shall
be required where
there is a reasonable
probability of injury that
can be prevented by
such equipment.
 Personal Protective Equipment
Eye and Face Protection
(ANSI Z87.1 – 1989)

1.Safety Spectacles
2.Eye Goggles
3.Face Shields
Safety Spectacles or Glasses are
primary protective devices intended to shield
the wearer’s eyes from flying and striking
objects, glare and injurious radiation hazards.

Sideshield is an integral device or an accessory

attached to spectacles that provides side
exposure protection to the eye.
 Goggles are primary protective devices
intended to fit the face immediately surrounding
the eyes.

Unlike safety glasses, goggles provide a secure shield around the

entire eye area.
Chemical goggles protect eyes from splashes and flying particles.
Shop goggles protect against flying particles and should be used
instead of glasses when there is the potential for objects to be flying
from all directions.
 Personal Protective Equipment

Face Shield is a protective device

intended to shield the wearer’s face, or
portions thereof from striking objects or
chemical, heat and glare hazards.
Welding Shield is a protective
device intended to shield the eyes and
face from optical radiation and impact.
Characteristics of a Good Quality
Spectacles, Goggles and Face Shields
•Provide adequate protection against the
particular hazards for which they are designed.
•Be reasonably comfortable when worn under
the designated conditions.
•Fit snugly without interfering with the
movements or vision of the wearer.
•Be within tolerable refractive power.
•Be durable.
•Be capable of being disinfected.
•Be easily cleanable.
 Personal Protective Equipment

Use of Eye and Face Protections

"As a general rule, face shields should
be worn over suitable basic eye
protection."

- National Safety Council

Hearing Protection
The Need for Ear Protection and
Prevention of Excessive Noise Exposure

Exposure to high noise levels can cause

hearing loss or impairment. It can create
physical and psychological stress.

There is no cure for noise-induced hearing loss,

so the prevention of excessive noise exposure
is the only way to avoid hearing damage.
 TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTORS
Earplugs
Hearing protectors placed inside the ear to block
out noise. To work effectively, they should fit snugly
into the ear canal.
 TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTORS
Earmuffs
A device composed of a headband with two
cushioned ear cups that form a seal around the
outer ear, covering it completely and blocking out
the noise.
Selection

• proper fit
• the employee’s noise exposure
• the employee’s hearing ability
• communication needs
• other constraints specific to job tasks
 ARM’S LENGTH RULE
 “If two people (with no hearing impairment)
have to raise their voices or shout to be heard in
a distance of less than an arm’s length from
each other, the sound level is potentially
hazardous.”

blah, blah, blah…

RESPIRATORY HAZARDS

Acids/Mists
Solvents/Vapors
Gases / Smoke
Dusts/Particulates
Heavy Metals/Fumes
 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

 Filtration
respirator
 Chemical respirator
 Air-supplying respirator
FILTRATION RESPIRATORS or
Mechanical Respirators screen
out dust, fume, mist and smoke.
Such Filters need to be replaced
at frequent intervals.

CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE DEVICES

remove contaminants by passing
the tainted air through material
that traps the harmful portions.
There are specific cartridges for
specific contaminants.
 AIR-SUPPLYING RESPIRATORS
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Supply air from an air tank is strapped at the
person’s back.
 HAND AND ARM HAZARDS

• 1. Temperature extremes
• 2. Chemical exposures and splashes
• 3. Sharp objects
• 4. Fire
• 5. Abrasive materials
• 6. Live Electrical Conductors
COMMON HAND & ARM INJURY

• Burns
• Bruises
• Abrasions
• Cuts
• Punctures
• Fractures
• Amputations
• Electrocution
Skin Protection

The job of protective

clothing is generally to
protect the skin against
chemicals, cuts, bruises, and
extremes of temperatures.
It is therefore, important to
choose the right material for
hands protection and arms
protection.
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF GLOVES

Metal mesh gloves Leather gloves shield Vinyl & neoprene

resist sharp edges your hands from gloves protect
and prevent cuts rough surfaces and your hands
heat against toxic
chemicals
 GLOVES CONTINUED…

Rubber gloves protect Welder’s gloves

you when working protect your hands
around electricity. from heat and
flames
 GLOVES CONTINUED…

Latex disposable Lead-lined gloves are Cotton gloves help

gloves are used to used to protect your grasp slippery
protect your hands hands from radiation objects and
from germs and sources. protect against
bacteria slivers, dirt,,
moderate heat or
cold.
REMINDER !
Foot and Leg Protection
Hazards:
Falling or rolling objects
Sharp objects
Hot surfaces
Wet, slippery surfaces
Live Electrical conductors
COMMON FOOT AND LEG INJURY

• Fractures
• Punctures
• Burns
• Cuts
• Amputations
• Electrocution
 FOOT PROTECTION
Safety Shoes

Steel toe cap

footwear protects your
toes from being
crushed by falling
objects.
Mid-sole steel plate
protects the foot from
punctured hazards.
Safety Shoes and Boots

ELECTROSTATIC ELECTRICAL HAZARD

DISSIPATING footwear footwear are insulated with
conducts static electricity tough rubber to prevent
to floors that are shocks and burns from
grounded. electricity.
 FALL PROTECTION
Full-body Harness (BS: 1397:1979)
 FALL PROTECTION
• Body Belt -
Used to restraint
a worker’s movement
to a certain area
Resistance of employees to PPE

Discomfort

Inaccurate risk perception

Lack of education and training
 MOTIVATING WORKERS TO WEAR PPE

• Involve employees in the selection

process.
• Cultivate behavior-based safety.
• Conduct Training on PPE.
• Enforce disciplinary action.
 LIMITATIONS OF PPE
1. The hazard still exists.
2. A defective PPE offers no protection.
3. The PPE may introduce additional hazard.
4. Most PPE are not for continuous use.
5. Improper wearing may not give maximum
protection.
6. It may transfer hazard to another location.