MYP 5 Mathematics:

Quadratic functions

Section 1: Worked Examples

​ 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 8)

Method 1.

Find the x-intercepts. For x-intercepts, 𝑦 = 0

3(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 8) = 0

Using the null factor method, we have,

𝑥+2 =0 or 𝑥 − 8 = 0

𝑥 =− 2 or 𝑥 = 8

The x- coordinate of the vertex is the equation of the axis of symmetry.

−2+8
𝑥= 2
= 3

Now find the y-coordinate.

1
 when 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 3(3 + 2)(3 − 5) =− 75

Vertex: (3, − 75)

Method 2

𝑦 = 3(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 8) expand and simplify the quadratic expression.

( 22
𝑦 = 3 𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 16 )
𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 16)
2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 18𝑥 − 48

𝑏
The x-coordinate of the vertex is 𝑥 =− 2𝑎
−(−18) 18
𝑥 =− 2(3)
= 6
= 3
Put 𝑥 = 3 into the equation to find the y-coordinate
2
𝑦 = 3(3) − 18(3) − 48 =− 75.

Vertex (3, − 75)

Question 2 [Maximum Mark 4]

Find the vertices of the following quadratic function.

2
(a)​ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 2

𝑏
The x-coordinate of the vertex is 𝑥 =− 2𝑎
−(−12) 12
𝑥 =− 2(2)
= 4
=3
When 𝑥 = 3 into the equation, we have,

2
𝑦 = 3(3) − 12(3) + 2 =− 7

Vertex is (3, − 7)

2
Question 3. [Maximum Mark 4]
2
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 5) − 7, passes through the point (3, 21).
Show that 𝑚 = 7.

Solution:
put 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 21 then solve for 𝑚.

2
21 = 𝑚(3 − 5) − 7

21 = 4𝑚 − 7
4𝑚 = 21 + 7

4𝑚 = 28
28
𝑚= 4 = 7

2
4. [Maximum Mark 6] Determine the quadratic equations in a form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

Since the x intercepts are 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 = 3, we then rewrite the function as

𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3) Look for any other point on the curve and use it to find the value of
𝑎.
We use the y-intercept, (0, 3)

When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 3

3 = 𝑎(0 − 1)(0 − 3)
3 = 3𝑎 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = 1

3
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3)
2
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3 is the final answer.
Question 5. Find the equation of the quadratic graph below.

2
Vertex is (− 3, − 4). The general expression is given by 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘 where the
vertex is (ℎ, 𝑘)

Hence ℎ =− 3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 =− 4

2
The function then can be written as 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + 3) − 4
Now use the point (0, − 1) to find the value of 𝑎.

2
− 1 = 𝑎(0 + 3) − 4
− 1 + 4 = 9𝑎
1
9𝑎 = 3 then 𝑎 = 3
1 2
𝑦= 3
(𝑥 + 3) − 4

4
 Exercise on Quadratic
functions
1.​ Determine the coordinates of the vertices.

(a)​ 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 8) ( b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 8)

​ ( c) 𝑦 = 4(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 10)

2.​ Write down the vertices of the following quadratic functions.

2 2
(a)​ 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 5) + 7 (b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 5) + 7

2 2
( c) 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 4) + 10 (d) 𝑦 = − 6(𝑥 − 2) − 7

5
 3.​ Find the vertices of the following quadratic functions.

2 2
(a)​ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 16𝑥 + 12 (b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 16𝑥 + 12

2 2
( c) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 10 (d) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 12

Answers
Question
(1)​ (a) (6, − 4) (𝑏) (1, − 49) (c) (− 6, − 64)

(2)​ (a). (5, 7) (𝑏) (− 5, 7) ( c) (4, 10) (d) (2, − 7)

(3)​ (a). (4, − 20) (𝑏) (− 4, − 20) ( c) (− 1, 8) (d)

Question 4.

2
( a) Consider the quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(𝑥 − 5) + 4, find the value of 𝑦
when 𝑥 = 7.

Answer: 𝑦 = 16
2
( b) Show that the quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(𝑥 − 4) + 7, passes through the point
(3, 10).

2
( c ) The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 3) + 9, passes through the point (5, 25). Show that
𝑎 = 4.

2
( d ) The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 5) + 5, passes through the point (4, 6). Show that
𝑚 =− 2.

2
( e) The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 8, passes through the point (− 5, 42), show that
𝑎 = 3.

6
( f) The function 𝑦 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 9) passes through the point (− 5, − 160), Find the
value of 𝑚. Answer: 𝑚 = 4

Question 5: Solving quadratic equations.

Solve the following quadratic equations.

2
(a)​ 3𝑥 − 7𝑥 − 9 = 0
Answer : (𝑥 =− 0. 922 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3. 25)

2
(b)​ (𝑥 − 5) − 36 = 0.

Answer : (𝑥 =− 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 11)
2
(c)​ 4(𝑥 + 3) − 25 = 0.
Answer : (𝑥 =− 5. 5 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =− 0. 5)

2 2
(d)​ 3(𝑥 + 4) − 10 =− 5(𝑥 + 4) + 25.

Answer : (𝑥 =− 1. 91 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =− 6. 09)

Question 6

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Question 7.

8
E-assessment Questions
Question 1.

9
Question 2.

10
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Question 3.

14
15
4c
step 1:
2
solve 3 = 0. 04(𝑥 − 20) + 2 and then solve for x.
𝑥 = 15 or 25
Then 𝐿 = 25

16
Answer : 𝑑 = 38. 893 ≃ 38. 9

Question 4.

Answer: 𝑎 =− 0. 275, 𝑏 = 690, 𝑐 = 27. 5

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Question 5.

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