5 UNIT 01 WORD LIST

□ _____
n. An _____ is a scent or smell.
I love the _____ of coffee in the morning.

□ ________
n. A ________ is a drink.
The waiter brought our ________ first. Then he brought our food.

□ ______
n. A ______ of things is a small group of them placed close together.
She held a large ______ of grapes in her hand.

□ _______
v. To _______ is to join together to make a single thing or group.
Mina _______ peanut butter and jelly to make a sandwich.

□ _________
adj. When a liquid is _________, it is made thicker.
One way to make a dessert thick and sweet is to use _________ milk.

□ ____________
adj. When something is ____________, it is related to the present time.
____________ scientists have learned quite a bit about DNA.

□ _________
v. To _________ plants is to care for them and help them grow.
A research company is _________ new kinds of rice to aid poor countries.

□ ______
adj. When something is ______, it is related to gods.
Legends say that music was given to humans as a ______ gift from the gods.

□ _____
adj. When it is _____, there is a lot of water in the air.
It is very _____ inside a sauna.

□ ____
n. An ____ is a very distinct smell.
He knew there was a leak when he noticed the strong ____ of natural gas.

□ ______
n. The ______ is the top part of the mouth.
You can touch your ______ with your tongue.

□ ________
n. ________ is the place or condition of happiness where things are perfect.
My vacation in Hawaii was like being in ________.

□ __________
n. A __________ is a big farm that only grows certain kinds of crops.
In the 1800s, there were many cotton __________ in the southern US.

□ _____
adj. When something is _____, it moves or changes very quickly.
His mother was surprised by her son's _____ growth.

□ ____
n. A ____ is the speed at which something happens.
Grass tends to grow at a very slow ____.

□ ________
adj. When something is ________, it makes you calm or relaxed.
The ________ music helped the baby fall asleep.

□ ______
adj. When something is ______, it is not easy to see or notice.
The handsome man has a ______ smile.

□ _______
n. The _______ of something is the way its surface looks and feels.
The _______ of a rock found in the water is typically very smooth.

□ _____
adj. When something is _____, it is poisonous and very dangerous.
Please check the label to see if the product is _____.

□ ____
v. To ____ means to be different from another thing in size or amount.
The heights of the people in my class ____ by a large amount.
01 The History of Chocolate

Many people believe that chocolate originally came from Europe. However, chocolate,
called the "food of the gods," was first made in the Americas. The first chocolate was
very different from ____________ chocolate.

Wild chocolate trees can grow easily in the _____ Amazon rainforest. ________ of flowers
growing on these trees turn to seeds. About 20 to 60 cacao beans can be found each seed.
Cacao beans are the ingredient needed to create sweet, ________, and delicious chocolate
treats.

The Mayan and Aztec cultures both thought that chocolate trees were brought from
________ by gods. The Mayans and Aztecs used the beans from this ______ tree to create a
special ________ with a very pleasant _____. Surprisingly, the Aztecs believed that it
was _____ to women and children.

In the 1500s, the Spanish explorer Cortes met the Aztecs. Cortes became quite interested
in the ___________ where the Aztecs __________ chocolate trees. When he returned to
Europe, he took cacao beans with him. He introduced the people of Spain to the Aztecs'
chocolate beverage.

Over the next 100 years or so, kings, queens, and members of the upper class enjoyed
drinking chocolate. They enjoyed it even more once they learned to add sugar to the
beverage! Soon, chocolate had spread all across Europe. New machines allowed chocolate
makers to perfect their products and produce them at a very _____ ____. Preparing the
beans in special ways brought out the _____ of chocolate. The beans were ________ with
_________ milk to give the chocolate a smooth _______.

Today, contemporary chocolates with ______ flavors fill the shelves of chocolate shops.
The different types of chocolate available today ____ widely. True chocolate lovers can
tell which is best, though. They will tell you that the flavor of high-quality chocolate
stays on the ______ long after you finish it.
5 UNIT 02 WORD LIST
□ _______
n. An _______ is someone who controls many military ships.
They won the sea battle because of the _______'s great leadership.

□ ___
n. An ___ is a curved shape.
A rainbow is an ___ of colored bands across the sky.

□ _________
n. Your _________ is your personality.
My sister's _________ is fun and very outgoing.

□ __________
n. Your __________ is your inner sense of what is right and wrong.
I recycle everything I can, so my __________ is clear!

□ ______
v. If you ______ from a place, you succeed in getting away from it.
She tried to ______ from the building.

□ _____
adj. If something is _____, it is burning strongly.
The _____ blaze burned all night long.

□ _____
n. _____ is the muscle and fat on your body.
The zebra's _____ is covered by black and white skin.

□ __________
n. A __________ is a fruit similar to an orange, but bigger and not as sweet.
Would you like a __________ with your breakfast?

□ ___
n. ___ is dry grass used to feed animals and can be used for different purposes.
I need to buy some more ___ for the horse to eat.

□ _________
adj. If you are _________, you are very shocked and feel upset.
I was _________ when I read about the old lady who was attacked.

□ ________
n. ________ is a type of oil used in some lamps and stoves.
Many people in poor countries cook on ________ stoves.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a line made into the shape of a circle.
He made a ____ with the rope and placed it over the post.

□ ______
n. The ______ is nearest the center and with an equal number of things on each side.
I suddenly woke up in the ______ of the night.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a piece of wood or plastic that moves a boat across water.
Put your ______ in the water and pull hard to make the boat move.

□ ____
adj. When something is ____, it has a sharp and unpleasant taste.
I don't like lemons because I think they are too ____.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a small, sharp piece of wood or metal that is put into the ground.
We marked our property by placing _____ into the ground.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a person like a waiter who serves food on planes and ships.
The _______ is bringing some tea.

□ ______
n. ______ is a thin piece of fabric or rope.
I found a large ball of ______.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a sharp part of a plant.
Be careful of the _____ when you pick the roses!

□ _____
v. To _____ something means to destroy or ruin it.
The teenagers _____ the house for no reason at all.
02 Monkey Island

In the ______ of the ocean, there is a small island shaped like an ___. Here, monkeys
play on the beach and in the trees. But how did the monkeys get there?

Once, an English _______ was exploring Africa when he found hundreds of monkeys. The
admiral had a mean ________. He thought, "I could sell these monkeys and become very
rich! I'm going to take them to England."

So the admiral set traps to catch the monkeys. He put _____ in the ground, tied ______
around them, and made _____ in the string. When the monkeys ran through the forest,
their feet got caught in the loops, and they couldn't ______ . Then the admiral put the
monkeys in cages on his ship and sailed away.

The cages were small and uncomfortable. There was no soft ___ and straw for the monkeys
to sleep on. Instead, the monkeys slept on branches with sharp ______ that cut into
their _____. For dinner, he gave them tiny pieces of ____ _________ to eat. The monkeys
grew hungry and weak.

One day, the admiral hired a new ______. He was a kind man with a good __________. He
was _________ to see the thin monkeys in the cages. So one night, he let them out. The
monkeys ran and played all over the ship! They attacked the admiral and the steward and
ate their food. They completely _______ the ship. One monkey ran into a ________ lamp,
and it fell over. The ship caught fire and began to sink! The whole crew was lost except
for the monkeys.

After the accident, the monkeys jumped onto a raft. They floated away from the _____
blaze of the ship. In the morning, they saw a little island in the distance. The monkeys
used a piece of wood as a ______, and they went toward it. They found the island shaped
like an arc. They felt so happy to find a new home, and they still live there today.
5 UNIT 03 WORD LIST
□ ________
v. To ________ someone is to tell them you disapprove of their behavior.
The teacher ________ Mark because he was chewing gum in class.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, then it is able to be heard.
The sound of the drums was _______ from miles away.

□ _______
adj. If things or people are _______, they are impressive or frightening.
The huge military plane was an _______ sight.

□ ______
v. To ______ means to be careful of something or someone that is dangerous.
You should ______ of driving fast on wet roads.

□ ____
v. To ____ means to talk of one's abilities or achievements in a proud way.
He had strong muscles and ____ about them to the entire class.

□ _________
adj. If someone is _________ of something, then they are aware of it.
The new student was _________ of the other students staring at her.

□ ________
v. To ________ with someone means to have a different opinion from them.
The lawyers ________ about the best way to settle the case.

□ ____
v. To ____ means that a sound repeats itself because it bounced off an object.
The child yelled over the canyon, and the sound ____ off the wall.

□ ________
adj. If something is ________ it will happen at the end of a series of events.
The constant training and planning led the team to an ________ victory.

□ ____
n. A ____ is information that suggests something will happen or is true.
I quietly passed on a ____ to my sister about the test.

□ _____
n. An _____ is a person who is not smart or who has done something silly.
Because he got lost in the forest, the man felt like an _____.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, it is very large.
An _______ amount of money was needed to buy such a large boat.

□ ________
adj. If something is ________, then it is not the easiest or straightest way.
He chose to take the most ________ route to the coast.

□ ______
n. An ______ is a choice between two or more things.
The children were given the ______ of three houses to pick from.

□ _______
n. A _______ is an activity that you do often for fun.
In the US, baseball is considered a national _______.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, then it is without any mistakes.
She got all the questions right, so her score was _______.

□ ________
v. To ________ something means to locate it exactly.
The navigation system in my car is able to ________ my exact location.

□ ______
v. To ______ means to change something to something else.
Mom ______ the TV station from the news to her favorite show.

□ ________
adj. If something is ________, it is complete or done carefully.
Tina did a ________ job of cleaning the stains out of the carpet.

□ _______
v. To _______ someone means to cause them to suffer on purpose.
She _______ her little brother by taking his favorite toy.
03 The Young Man and the Old Man

A proud young man was looking for a new _______. He heard about people hiking in the
national parks and decided to try it for himself. As he started his stroll, an old man
walked up to him. "Don't go this way," the old man said. "______. The paths are not
clear. It's easy to get lost."

But the young man _________ with the old man and _______ that he had a _______
understanding of the park. "I've studied maps of this area," he told him. "I believe I
have a ________ knowledge of these trails. I won't get lost."

The old man listened to the young man and then _________ him for his pride.
"I have walked these trails my entire life," he said. "If you think you will be safe,
then go ahead."

The young man ignored the old man and started along the trail.

Whenever he had to choose between an easy or difficult route, he always chose the more
difficult ______. In addition, he was not _________ of which direction he was going.
After a while, he decided to return home. Because his course through the wilderness was
so ________, he had no idea where he was.

He looked at his map but could not ________ his location. He walked one path after
another but soon realized he was lost.

The sun was going down, and sudden strong winds gave a ____ that it might rain. _______
clouds filled the sky. _______ sounds of thunder were _______ from all directions. They
______ off the mountains. The thought of the ________ storm _________ the young man. He
hurried in one direction but soon ________ out of confusion. Luckily, the path led him
out of the park.

When he arrived home, he knew that he had acted like an _____. He realized he was lucky
to be alive. He decided to listen to people with more experience than himself.
5 UNIT 04 WORD LIST
□ ______
adj. If something is ______, it is sudden or unexpected.
When the dancer fell down on her back, the ballet came to an ______ stop.

□ _____
n. _____ is severe pain or suffering.
The boy yelled in _____ when the puppy bit him.

□ ________
n. An ________ is someone who murders an important person.
An ________ killed Martin Luther King on April 4,1968.

□ _____
n. A _____ is hair that grows on a man's chin and cheeks.
The farmer had a long _____, as white as snow.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a large and dangerous animal.
Tanzania is home to many famous _____, such as lions, leopards, and hyenas.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a building where people go to pray and worship God.
We were married in a small wedding ______ in Las Vegas.

□ ___________
n. A ___________ is a person who gives opinions or describes something, often on TV or
the radio.
According to many ___________, this winter has been one of the coldest in the last
century.

□ ___
v. To ___ someone is to trick that person into doing something or giving up money.
It was unfair of the fortune teller to ___ me out of 500 dollars.

□ _________
n, A _________ is a general agreement among a group of people.
The _________ among the children was that ghosts exist.

□ __________
n. A __________ is a secret plan that two or more people make together to do something
harmful or illegal.
The businessman thought there was a __________ among his coworkers to get him fired.

□ ____
n. A ____ is an uprising in which people try to overthrow the government.
At the end of the 18th century, Napoleon Bonaparte staged a ____ to overthrow a group
that had control of France.

□ _______
adj. To be _______ is to be unwilling to believe that people have good intentions.
The man became _______ after being lied to many times.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a curved roof of a building.
I looked up at the ____ to admire its beauty.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to say it loudly, suddenly, and excitedly.
The singer interrupted the applause to _______ his thanks after his performance.

□ _____
n. A _____ is an open public place in which meetings are held.
The scientist shared her research at a special _____ in the city.

□ _______
n. _______ is a quality relating to riches, wealth, and beauty.
The young woman showed off her _______ during the photo shoot.

□ ______
v. To ______ someone is to bother or attack them repeatedly.
The young girl would often ______ her baby brother.

□ __________
v. If you __________ something, you shine light on or brighten it.
In order to __________ the stage, the crew turned on the spotlight.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to provoke or intensify it.
The tax increase will _______ the public's frustration with the government.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a series of musical notes that form the main part of a song.
I had the ______ of the song stuck in my head all day.
04 The Singing Emperor

Nero was emperor of Rome from 54 CE to 68 CE, when a ____ put an end to his young life.
For some, he was a powerful ruler of incredible _______, yet the _________ among most
Romans was that he was a terrible emperor; some even called him a _____ and used the
numbers 666 as a code for his name. Even today, this number is a symbol of the devil for
many people. The ______ near the graves of the people Nero killed are some of the most
famous churches in the world, but there was never a cry of outrage over the grave of
Nero.

Why did ____________ think that Nero was so bad? He was a _______ man who ________ every
member of his family, killing his stepfather, stepbrother, stepsister, wife, and even
his own mother. He first tried to drown her in the sea, but she swam to safety, so he
sent an ________ to finish the job. He tried to ___ the Roman people into believing that
he was sorry, yet no one did.

Soon afterward, most of Rome burned in a fire. The tragedy ________ the people, and many
thought that Nero was the one who had started the blaze. Some say he even sang the
________ of well-known songs while the capital burned. Nero blamed Christians for the
fire and tortured them to death.

After the fire, Nero built a beautiful palace with a giant ____ over it, calling it his
Golden House. A giant statue sporting Nero's hairdo and _____ stood over the palace,
which also had a large swimming pool and a garden that was ___________ by burning lamps.
Nero built a long bridge to join the palace to the _____, Rome's central market. He
would sing songs on the rooftop and entertain anyone who listened. Many enjoyed his
glamorous style, but others hated him for his selfishness.

Nero's reign came to an ______ end when the army organized a __________ against him. The
soldiers wanted a new emperor, and everyone left Nero to die. While stabbing himself in
the neck, he ________ in _____, "What a great artist the world is losing!" Soon after, a
war began. When it was over, the new emperor tore down the hated Golden House of Nero
forever.
UNIT 05 WORD LIST
□ ______
adv. If you do something ______, you do it for a short time.
Wait here ______, and I'll bring some tea.

□ __________
n. __________ is the imaginary place on the Internet where activities occur.
I didn't receive your email. It probably got lost in __________.

□ ____
v. To ____ means to correct a piece of writing so that it is suitable to be published.
She asked her brother to ____ her paper before she submitted it to her teacher.

□ _____
n. An _____ is a short piece of writing on a certain subject.
She had to write a two-page _____ for her English class.

□ ________
v. To ________ something means to study it, so a decision can be made.
Jo and Ken ________ the plan and agreed that it would work.

□ _____
v. To _____ means to go unconscious and fall down.
Carol _____ because she hadn't eaten in over a day.

□ ______
adj. If something is ______, it happens all around the world.
Pollution is a ______ problem.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a building with equipment that you can use to get exercise.
When I go to the _________, I use the treadmill for twenty minutes.

□ _________
v.To _________ something means to mark it with a color so that it is easy to see.
I read my vocabulary list and _________ the most difficult words.

□ ________
adj. If someone is ________ about something, they have no knowledge about it.
I'm a bit ________ about his theories. Can you explain them to me?

□ _____
n. An _____ is a list of words at the end of a book that gives information.
If you look in the _____, you'll find the right page number.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a long, educational speech.
His _______ on world hunger was very informative.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a message at the end of a story that teaches you something.
At the end of the story, the mother explained the _____ to her children.

□ _______
v. To _______ means to work or function.
I'm sorry, but the trains are not _______ today.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, it is only used by one person or group.
Don't look at my diary! It's _______!

□ ______
adj. When something is ______, it happened a short time ago.
I did not know what had caused his ______ behavior.

□ __________
n. A __________ is a personal decision.
At New Year, I made a list of __________ to help me have a better year.

□ ________
n. A ________ is a portion of a school year.
Jack is in his second ________ of college.

□ __________
adj. If something is __________, it is written on a computer or typewriter.
This is an important, formal project and must be __________.

□ _____
adj. When something is _____, it is very strange.
My best friend's dad is a bit _____.
05 The Magic Computer

I had a difficult geography project to finish by the end of the ________. My teacher
wanted it to be ____________, so I went to the school computer room. But when I got
there, all the computers were turned off. Apparently, there was a ______ problem, and
technicians were fixing it.

I knew of some _______ study rooms downstairs. They were small and dark, and the
computers were very old, but I had no choice. At least the computers were _________
correctly. I typed and ___________ the assignment's title: "________ the Government's
Response to ______ Warming." But I didn't know what to write in my _____. Finally, I
decided to find a book to help me. I went to the library, checked the book _______, and
eventually found a useful book. Then, I returned to the computer.

When I looked at the screen, I saw something so _____ that I nearly _______! The essay
was complete! Had somebody in __________ written it? I didn't know, but I was very
happy. I printed it out and handed it in. I got an "A."

After that, I used the computer for all my assignments. I'd type the title, wait _____,
and the computer would do it. Every assignment was perfect; I never had to ____
anything. I stopped paying attention to my teacher's ________ and spent my extra time in
the _________. And my grades got better and better.

A month later, I was walking into class when my friend said, "Are you prepared for the
test?"

"What test?" I asked.

"The geography test!" he replied. "I hope you studied. It's 50 percent of our final
grade!"

I failed the test, of course. I was completely ________ about the subject. After that, I
made a __________ never to use that computer again. The _____ of this story is that if
you cheat at school, you won't learn anything.
UNIT 06 WORD LIST
□ ________
v. To ________ oneself to something is to get used to it.
I find it difficult to ________ myself to new time zones when I travel around the world.

□ _____
n. The _____ member of a group is the most dominant or has the highest rank.
The largest lion was the _____ male of the pack.

□ ______
v. To ______ means to awaken interest or attention in someone.
The politician's words were meant to ______ the protestors'anger.

□ __________
adj. If someone is __________, he or she has the ability to express ideas clearly and
effectively.
Alfred's friends loved talking to him because he was so __________ and intelligent.

□ ____
v. To ____ means to show excitement about something.
Seoul ____ from dawn till dusk.

□ _____
v. To _____ means to fight or argue over something.
The sisters often _____ over the right way to do things.

□ ______________
n. ______________ means putting things into categories or groups that have things in
common.
According to scientific ______________, a duck-billed platypus is an egg-laying mammal.

□ _____
v. To _____ to something means to hold onto it tightly.
A mother sloth will _____ tightly to her baby in the treetops.

□ __________
n. __________ is the act of following a rule or doing what you are supposed to do.
The bratty child never shows __________ with her mother's rules.

□ __________
v. To __________ something means to understand it.
The player could not __________ why he lost the game.
□ __________
v. To __________ means to gather in one place.
Seeing a group of birds __________ in the sky is an awesome sight.

□ _______
n. _______ is the right to take care of someone or something.
The prisoners were put in the _______ of the jailers.

□ ________
v. To ________ means to scatter everywhere.
I watched the people ________ in all directions to avoid the charging bull.

□ ______
v. To ______ means to symbolize or represent something.
Mother Teresa was said to ______ goodness and kindness.

□ _________
adj. _________ means involving scientific proof and evidence.
Scientists must always find _________ evidence in their work.

□ _________
n. _________ is the act of keeping someone out of a group.
People gathered together to protest the _________ of immigrants from our country.

□ _____
v. To _____ means to gather in one place.
Groups of birds will _____ to the river in the spring.

□ _____
v. When animals _____, they feed on plants.
The sheep and goats like to _____ on the grass outside the village.

□ ___________
adj. If someone is ___________ they are very smart.
The ___________ student graduated from high school with the highest marks in his class.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a type of forest in a warm, rainy tropical area, where trees and plants
grow very close together.
Many kinds of animals, including birds, reptiles, and even elephants live in a ______.
06 Dian & Digit

According to animal ____________, gorillas are among human beings' closest living
relatives. Like us, they are __________, social creatures. Yet movies such as King Kong
_______ people's darkest fears about these misunderstood animals. Dian Fossey changed
all this by gathering _________ information that proved that they were gentle beings.

Fossey first became interested in gorillas on a trip she took to an African ______. She
did not want to study gorillas while they were in the _______ of zoos but hoped instead
to explore how they lived in nature. To do this, she tolerated the _________ of her
friends and family and set off to live in a mountain forest, knowing that the gorillas
frequently _______ to the hills of the Congo and Rwanda to _____ on native plants. And
then she waited.

Fossey soon discovered the gorillas. She tried to watch them as they would __________,
but they _________ when they saw her. However over time, these fascinating creatures
became __________ to her presence. They soon began to treat Fossey simply like another
member of the family.

Fossey's favorite was a baby named Digit, whom she nursed in 1967 when he injured his
hand. For a time, Digit _____ to her as if she were his mother. He grew up to be a
strong _____ male, the king of his gorilla troop. Fossey believed that Digit was able to
_________ her love for him. When he was killed by hunters in 1977, her heart was broken.

Fossey knew that gorillas were dying very quickly and might eventually become extinct.
So she used her __________ voice to tell Digit's story to the world. Soon, every country
was _______ about his terrible end. Fossey created the Digit Fund in his memory.

Gorilla hunters never lived in __________ with the laws. Fossey herself was killed in
1985 and was buried next to Digit. Scientists and park rangers still _____ with hunters,
but thanks to the efforts of Fossey, gorillas still live free in the wild. Her short
life ________ great courage, curiosity, and integrity.
UNIT 07 WORD LIST
□ _______
n. An _______ with a bank is an arrangement to keep one's money there.
After I paid for the new car, my bank _______ was nearly empty.

□ _________
n. An _________ is a person who designs buildings.
The plans for building the new home were drawn by a famous _________.

□ _______
v. To _______ something means to hide it.
You should _______ your money so no one can take it from you.

□ _____
n. If someone commits a _____, he or she does something bad that can be punished by law.
Police quickly arrived at the scene of the _____.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a certificate that proves that someone owns something.
When she bought the car, she was given a ____ to show the car was hers.

□ _________
n. _________ is a feeling of being thankful.
The kids showed Aunt Tess much _________ for visiting them.

□ _______
n. A _______ is the natural home of animals or plants.
Frogs are often found in a wet _______, such as near a lake, river, or pond.

□ _________
v. To _________ means to help stop a problem between two people or groups.
The students argued until the teacher _________.

□ ________
n. A ________ is an object that helps people find or remember a location.
The tall tree was used as a ________ for people to find the road to the inn

□ _____
adj. If something is _____, it is related to the law or allowed by the law.
It was not _____ for him to drive until he was 18 years old.

□ _________
adj. If something is _________, then it is remembered for a special reason.
The party was _________; people were still talking about it years later.

□ ______
v. To ______ someone means to require them to do something.
If I wanted to have playtime, I was ______ to clean my room once a week.

□ _______
n. An _______ is an action that breaks the law and requires punishment.
He was put in jail for two days for the _______.

□ ________
v. To ________ something means to say it in public.
The army general ________ that the war was won.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a large public meeting in order to support something.
The school had a _____ in the gym to support the basketball team.

□ _______
v. To _______ something means to find a solution.
She _______ the problem with her children by giving them both a toy.

□ ________
n. ________ are a person's or country's money and materials that they can use.
The poor man didn't have the ________ to feed himself.

□ ________
n. A ________ is punishment given to someone who didn't follow the law.
The ________ for stealing a car is much worse than for stealing candy.

□ _________
v. To _________ means to offer to do something for free.
Many people _________ to help the adults learn to read.

□ _______
n. A _______ is someone who sees or hears a crime or accident happen.
The woman was the only _______ of the horrible crime.
07 An Architect's Plan

An ________ wanted to build a new office building. He selected some land that seemed
perfect. He planned to cut down the trees to make room for the building. But there was a
problem ...a big problem.

The land was actually the _______ of several types of birds. Some nature lovers were
very upset with the architect. First, they held a _____ and told others about the issue.
Then, they decided to take _____ action because the architect didn't respect the
animals' rights.

To _______ the problem, they asked a judge to _________.

The judge could not call any ________ for the nature lovers, so he first asked the
architect to tell his side of the story. "Why are you going to destroy the birds'
habitat?" the judge asked. The architect replied, "I have the ____ to the land. I want
to make a great building there. As you may know, all my buildings become _________
landmarks."

Then one of the nature lovers spoke. "We believe that there's no reason to destroy all
the trees. We just want to protect the birds." The judge then made his decision. "I
________ that the office building should be built," he said. "It is not a _____ to
remove those trees. I cannot give you a ________ for any _______, but I feel ______ to
make one request. I will only allow you to use half of the land. The other half will
remain free so the birds have a place to live.

The nature lovers could not _______ their ________. All of the people cheered. The
architect said, "I have an idea. I will _________ my time and efforts to design a new
type of building. It will provide bushes on the roof where birds can live. There are
enough _________ in my company's bank _______ to create the best building ever made."
The architect did exactly as he had promised. He built this new type of building, which
was loved by everyone.
UNIT 08 WORD LIST
□ ______
n. ______ is the right to enter or use something.
The manager was the only person with ______ to the password.

□ _______
n. _______ is the way that someone acts.
She was punished for her bad _______.

□ ________
adj. When an event or action is ________, it happens a lot or all of the time.
The television at home is in ________ use.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a narrow space between the parts of something broken.
The old window was covered with _____.

□ ______
n. A ______ is an object or a machine.
A thermometer is a ______ that tells temperature.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to contain it.
The cows in the field were _______ by a fence.

□ ____
v. To ____ something is to hold it very tightly.
I was scared, so I ____ my older sister's hand.

□ ____
v. To ____ is to stop moving.
The criminal ____ when he saw the police coming.

□ ________
adj. If something is ________, it is going to happen soon.
The student was nervous about her ________ test.

□ _________
v. To _________ someone or something is to have an effect on them.
My friend _________ my decision to attend Terrance University.

□ ___
n. A ___ is a rule made by the legislative body.
The students learned about different ___ during social studies class.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a setting or condition on a machine.
Melissa turned the TV to quiet ____ while she talked on the phone.

□ ________
v. To ________ means to sweat.
I usually ________ a lot when I am at athletics practice.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to put it in the place of something else.
I _______ the tire on my car because it was flat.

□ ____
v. To ____ something means to break it suddenly, which can cause a loud noise.
I took the drumstick and ____ it with my hands.

□ ___
adj. If a person or animal is ___, they are sneaky or good at tricking people.
The ___ fox stole the eggs from the nest.

□ ____
v. To ____ to do something is to be likely to do it or to do it often.
My mom ____ to buy me the perfect gift each Christmas.

□ _____
adj. When something is _____, it is correct or based on good reasoning.
The expert's opinion on the subject was more _____ than others.

□ _______
n. A _______ is an account of something that differs slightly from the original.
She read the students British _______ of the Chinese fairy tale.

□ __________
adj. You use __________ after a noun to emphasize that there is nothing of that thing.
The boy had no idea __________ how to finish the story.
08 Janie and the Music Player

Janie had _______ thoughts about getting a music player. One day, she was late to class.
She hurried down the hall but ______ when she saw a backpack on the floor. She looked
inside and found nothing but some books. She reached inside the bag and felt a small
object at the bottom. It was a music player _______ in a black case! Janie ______ to be
honest, and she had no _____ reason to take the ______. However, her desire for the
player _________ her decision. She ____ put the device into her own backpack. When she
arrived at class, she gave her teacher the bag. "I found this," she said.

Ms. Johnson asked, "Does this backpack belong to anyone?" A girl named Linda claimed the
bag. Linda looked inside and yelled, "My music player is missing! Janie took it!" Janie
answered, "l did not." Linda responded, "You were the only one that had ______ to it! If
your _______ of the story is true, you'll let Ms. Johnson check your bag." Janie started
to _______ as she realized the _________ trouble she was in. She ______ her bag tightly.

Ms. Johnson took the bag from Janie. Inside she found the player. "Janie, I never
expected this kind of _______ from you," she said. "You've always been such a good
student." Ms. Johnson gave Linda the player. Linda said, "Ms. Johnson, look!" There was
a _____ along one side. She turned it to the "on" ____, but it wouldn't work. It must've
______ while Janie was holding onto the bag so tightly. Ms. Johnson called Janie's
parents. They were very upset. "Stealing is illegal. You have no respect for the ___
whatsoever," they said. "We bought you a music player, but we're giving it to Linda. It
will _______ the one you broke." In the end, Janie's bad behavior left her with nothing
at all.
UNIT 09 WORD LIST
□ _________
adv. If something is _________ another thing, then it is next to it.
We work _________ each other in the office.

□ ________
n. Your ________ is your hunger for food.
Tom has a big ________. He eats all the time.

□ ______
v. To ______ someone is to help them.
Andrew ______ me with my homework.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a soft wind.
The ______ caused the leaves to fall off the tree.

□ ____
v. To ____ someone is to work against them or refuse to do what they say.
The students got into trouble for _____ their teacher's rules.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to show it, especially by putting it in a certain place.
The museum _______ many wonderful paintings.

□ _________
adj. If something or someone is _________, they do not waste energy.
My car is very _________. I rarely have to buy gas.

□ ______
adj. If someone is ______, they are small or weak.
The boy was too ______ to carry the object very far.

□ _______
v. To _______ someone is to stop being angry with them.
Sandra _______ Peter after he said he was sorry.

□ ______
adj. If someone is ______, they have a lot of energy.
Jennifer is very ______: she's always running and playing.

□ ________
adj. If something is ________, it is large and impressive.
The rich people lived in a big, ________ house.

□ ___
conj. You use ___ to connect two negative ideas.
I eat neither apples ___ oranges. I don't like either one.

□ ________
adj. If someone is ________, they are very angry.
My father was ________ when he saw that I had crashed his car.

□ ___________
adj. If someone is ___________, they believe that the worst will happen.
John is ___________. He always thinks something bad will happen.

□ ____________
n. The ____________ between two or more people is the way in which they behave toward
each other.
The teacher was proud of her good ____________ with the students.

□ ____
v. To ____ someone means to hit them with the palm of the hand.
Out of anger, Helen ____ Eunice on the face.

□ _____
v. To _____ something is to break it into many small pieces.
Jacob _____ the window with a rock.

□ __________
adj. Someone who is __________ achieves what they intended to achieve.
My father is a __________ businessman.

□ ____
n. A ____ is the money that a person gets for doing a job.
The ____ I receive from my job are really great!

□ _______
conj. You use _______ to show how two things are different.
My sister loves horror movies, _______ I prefer comedies.
09 Growing to be Great

When George was just a boy, he didn't have any parents. The rumor was that they had died
in a car accident. Many bad things could have happened to George, but he was lucky. He
was sent to live _________ other children without parents. There were kind people to
______ George and help him go forward with his life. However, he was a ____________ and
mean little boy.

George was often ________. He told mean rumors about the other kids. He _______
furniture and even _______ other boys. He ______ anyone who tried to help him, and soon
it was difficult for them to _______ him. But George did _______ a love for one thing.
He loved to play baseball. _______ he was lazy in school and liked _______ the subjects
___ the teachers, he was ______ and happy when he played baseball.

One of George's teachers noticed his talent. He began to work with the boy. At first,
they only talked about baseball. The teacher watched George play. He was a very
_________ hitter. He almost never missed the ball. The teacher thought that George
looked ________ when he played. When George hit the ball, it flew through the ______ as
if it would never come down. In time, they began to talk about other things. They talked
about George's family and his dreams for the future. They developed a very good
____________.

As George got older, he began to grow. His ________ was huge. He ate and ate. He got
stronger. Soon the other boys and even the teachers looked small and ______ next to him.
Everyone thought that this was the start of a great baseball career. When George got his
first job as a baseball player, he gave most of his _____ to the people who had helped
him as a boy. He hoped that other children would also find a way to live happy,
__________ lives.
UNIT 10 WORD LIST
□ _______
adj. When something is _______, it has life.
Rocks and machines are not _______ things.

□ ________
v. To ________ things is to put them into groups based on their type.
The biologist ________ the plant as a completely new species.

□ _______
v. To _______ is to admit against your wish that something is true.
The student _______ that he had cheated on the test.

□ _______
n. A _______ is an idea about something.
I learned some _______ about molecules before working in the science lab.

□ _________
v. To _________ something means to make or build it.
The men used wood and metal to _________ a house.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a period of ten years.
She celebrated her three ______ of work with the company.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a simple drawing that explains what something is or how it works.
By following the _______, I was able to put the desk together.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a boat that carries passengers over short distances.
The _____ took the people across the lake.

□ _____
adj. If something is _____, it is useful.
An eraser is _____ if you make a lot of mistakes.

□ _______
v. To _______ is to separate one person or thing from a group.
The teacher _______ the bad child from the class before talking with her.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a strong feeling of wanting.
Since he skipped breakfast, he had a _______ for food all morning.

□ ________
adj. If something is ________, there are many of those things.
It was hard to drive fast since there were ________ holes in the road.

□ ________
n. A ________ is a very small piece of something.
The bottles of wine were covered in a layer of dust ________

□ ____
n. A ____ is a request that is urgent or emotional.
The poor, hungry man made a ____ for food.

□ _______
v. To _______ from something is to avoid doing it.
The doctor asked Mary to _______ from eating fast food as part of her diet.

□ ______
n. A ______ of something is a formal inspection of it by people in authority.
The government ordered a careful ______ of the economic situation.

□ ____________
adj. If someone is ____________, they know many things about the world.
Jake is one of the most ____________ people I've ever met.

□ _________
v. To _________ something is to give it up.
The thief _________ the money to the police when he was caught.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, it is standing up straight.
Meerkats can't walk like humans, but they can stand _______.

□ __________
adj. If something is __________, it is important or useful.
On his visit to Canada, he realized studying English was __________.
10 Anton's Great Discovery

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch cloth merchant. His life began to change after he got
his first microscope in 1653. It was a very simple microscope. It had a lens in an
_______ stand. It could make small things look large. It was _____ for looking closely
at cloth.

Soon, Anton felt a _______ to build a more powerful microscope. He dreamed of using it
to make an important scientific discovery. He wanted to become famous. Three _______
later, he did.

For many years, Anton experimented with microscopes and lenses. Eventually, he
__________ a very powerful microscope. If he had sold the _______ to others, it would
have made him very rich. However, Anton ________ from ____________ his secret to anyone.
Instead, he wanted to use it to become famous. So he used his secret microscope to study
the natural world.

One day, he was looking at saliva from his mouth with the microscope. In the saliva, he
saw ________ tiny ________. Some of them were moving! He thought that the particles were
tiny organisms. So he ________ them from each other and studied each one carefully. Then
he _________ them into different categories. Some were round. Others were long and had
tails. All were _______.

Anton was so excited. He knew he could become famous now. He was the first person to see
these tiny organisms. So he drew ________ of the organisms and sent them to a group of
scientists in London. The scientists were ____________ men who did not believe tiny,
animate organisms could live in our mouths. Anton made a ____ for them to come to
Holland to see the organisms with their own eyes. The men took a _____ to Holland and
met Anton. They performed a careful ______ of his work, and they ________ that he had
made a ___________ discovery. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek had discovered bacteria. After
decades of hard work, he had become famous.
UNIT 11 WORD LIST
□ ________
n. An ________ is a group of people who work together.
The junior executives formed an ________ with each other.

□ ________
n. ________ is the noise made when people clap their hands to show approval.
At the end of his speech, everyone burst into loud ________.

□ _____
adj. If you are _____, you are carrying a weapon.
The robber was _____ with a gun.

□ _____________
adj. If something is _____________, it uses the best information available.
This book is an _____________ source on ancient Egypt's Queen Nefertiti.

□ _______
n. _______ is brave behavior.
The books commended the general's _______.

□ ________
n. A ________ is an event that happens on special occasions.
Tom and Amy's marriage ________ is in June.

□ _______
n. _______ is the music, art, and writings of a certain place or group of people.
Ancient Mexican _______ is renowned for its architecture.

□ _______
n. A _______ is something that is done to protect another thing.
The air force works in _______ of its country.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a small piece of information.
Jane told Ben all the ______ of her trip to China.

□ _______
adj. When a group of things is _______, it is made up of a wide variety of things.
Big cities have _______ populations with people of different races and ages.

□ _______
v. To _______ someone is to make them feel very interested or happy.
The beautiful woman _______ everybody in the room.

□ _____
v. To _____ someone is to give them the things needed to do something.
Steve was _____ with the tools needed to do the job.

□ _________
n. An _________ is someone or something not conforming to a rule.
Most students thought the test was hard, but Tim was the _________.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a type of literature, art, or music characterized by its style.
She is considered a master in the comedy _____.

□ ______
n. An ______ is the effect someone or something has.
My grandmother had a great ______ on my life.

□ ____
v. To ____ someone is to convince them to do something by using a trick.
The store ____ people in with big signs that say "Sale!"

□ ________
n. An ________ is an object or a problem that stops you from doing something.
Climbing over the giant rock was the biggest ________ for the hikers.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a place to go that is safe from danger or bad weather.
The frog took _______ from the storm in a nearby hold.

□ ______
v. To ______ something means to give people what they need or want.
The water heater ______ the house with warm water.

□ ____
adj. If people are ____, they are only concerned with how they look.
Rebecca is so ____ that she looks at herself in every mirror.
11 How a Singer Helped Win the War

Sometimes famous people are ____. They only care about themselves. But Josephine Baker
was an ________. In the 1930s and 1940s, Baker was one of the most famous women in
France. She was a big part of the new jazz _____ and _______ and had a _______ group of
fans. The French people especially loved her. And she loved France. So when World War II
started, she wanted to help the nation that had given her so much.

In 1940, _____ German troops entered Paris. When this happened, some French people
formed a secret _______. It was called the French Resistance. The group worked for the
_______ of France. It helped the European and American armies fight the Germans.

Baker was an important member of the Resistance. She had three jobs. The first was to
carry messages to and from other members. The messages were written in code on her
sheets of music. The second was to provide _______ and ______ goods to Resistance
members. It would have been dangerous if the Germans found them.

Baker's third job was the most important. Baker held concerts for European politicians
and army members. She _____ them in, promising an entertaining show. She ________ them
with her singing and dancing, and got lots of _______. But Baker was always _______ with
a small notebook at these concerts. She listened for _______ about the war and wrote
them down. Baker sorted the details and gave ____________ reports to the Resistance.

Some thought Baker's fame would be an _______. The Germans knew who she was, but they
didn't think she was smart enough to work for the Resistance. So she could get
information from the Germans easily. This helped the Resistance and the French army save
lives and win the war.

Baker had a big ______ on the Resistance's work. She got many awards for her help. When
she died, the army had a special ________ to thank her again for her _______.
UNIT 12 WORD LIST
□ ___________
n. An ___________ is something that you can choose instead of your first choice.
Her first plan to make extra money seemed weak, so she chose an ___________.

□ ______
n. An ______ is a road, often a large one with buildings on each side.
Drive down this ______ and then turn left to get to the park.

□ _____
n. The _____ is the stomach of a person or animal.
His _____ was full because he had eaten a lot of food.

□ ___
n. A ___ to do something is an attempt to do it.
He made a ___ to become the university's next president.

□ ____
v. To ____ means to move air or move something through the air, as in the wind.
The wind is ____ing very hard today. We should stay inside.

□ ________
n. A ________ is a fight between different people or groups.
The two nations had a ________ over which one could use the water in the river.

□ _________
n. A _________ is one of the seven large areas of land on the Earth.
Asia is the largest _________.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a steady and constant flow of air or water in a river or ocean.
The ocean _______ took the ship far off into the sea.

□ __________
n. __________ is rudeness or behavior that shows a lack of respect.
He showed __________ by arguing with his boss during a meeting.

□ __________
n. __________ is a very strong good feeling about something.
The crowd showed their __________ for the soccer team by cheering loudly.

□ _____
adj. When something is _____, it is very unpleasant.
The desert can be a very _____ environment.

□ ____
v. To ____ is to bend in a particular direction.
The woman ____ against the counter because she was tired.

□ ________
n. The ________ is the time between two events.
Ted began setting the table. In the ________, I began preparing the food.

□ ________
n. ________ is behavior that is meant to trick or cause trouble for people.
Ben was up to ________ when he persuaded Ken to paint his face.

□ ______
n. ______ is a mass of tissue attached to bone that helps you move.
She went to the gym in order to make her ______ stronger.

□ ______
v. To ______ someone means to remove them from danger.
The firefighter ______ the man from the burning building.

□ __________
n. A __________ is a number of things that follow one after the other.
The student said the letters of the alphabet in __________.

□ _______
n. The _______ is the land and all of its physical features or parts.
The _______ below was rocky and full of hills.

□ _____
adj. If someone is _____, they are afraid, shy, or nervous.
The _____ child hides behind her mother whenever she sees a stranger.

□ ________
n. ________ is forceful action that is meant to injure or kill people.
The boy hit his brother in an act of ________.
12 The Sun and the North Wind

The Sun and the North Wind were talking to each other in the sky. The North Wind was
saying that he was better than everyone else. The Sun listened as the North Wind talked
with __________ about how powerful he was and how he could push something from one
_________ to another with one breath. He said, "I am the strongest thing in the sky."

"Really?" asked the Sun. "How do you know that you are more powerful than the stars, or
the rain, or even me?" The North Wind laughed with __________. He yelled, "You? That's a
joke!"

This hurt the Sun. He was usually _____ and did not want to cause _______. Today he
decided that he should teach the North Wind a lesson.

In the _________, a man began walking along an ______ down on Earth. When the Sun looked
down on the _______ below, he saw the man. He pointed down to the Earth and said, "Do
you see that man walking below? I bet I can get his jacket off of him. Can you?" "Of
course!" the North Wind replied as he took a deep breath and filled his lungs with air.
He used all of the _______ in his face and _____ to ____ winds at his target in
__________.

The _____ air ________ made the man cold. The man pulled his jacket more tightly around
him. It did not come off. The Sun decided to ______ the man from the ________ of the
North Wind. He said, "May I try?" Then he sent down sunlight that made the man warm. The
man ______ against a tree. He took off his jacket and enjoyed the nice weather.

"You are very powerful," the Sun said to the North Wind, "but you use ________ in your
___ to appear strong. You should think of an __________. The strongest people don't use
force to get what they want."
UNIT 13 WORD LIST
□ ______
v. To ______ someone or something is to have an influence over them.
The student's poor attitude ______ the other students in the class.

□ _________
n. An _________ is the written name of a famous person.
Everybody wanted the movie star's _________.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a drop of liquid.
____s of water collected on the outside of the glass.

□ ____
v. To ____ coffee or tea means to pour hot water over it.
Please ____ a fresh pot of coffee.

□ _____
v. To _____ someone is to please them with your personality.
Gail _____ everyone with her humorous stories.

□ _______
n. A _______ is all the things that happen or will happen to a person in their life.
It was his _______ to become a great singer.

□ _________
n. _________ consists of the things which are used for a specific purpose.
The factory produces a wide range of high-tech _________

□ ____
n. A ____ is a device that makes a loud noise.
The boy honked his ____ as he rode his bicycle past the house.

□ ________
adj. When someone is ________, they become annoyed or angry very easily.
She is ________ when she doesn't get enough sleep.

□ ___
v. To ___ behind is to move slowly behind other moving objects.
The girl on rollerblades ___ behind the little girl on the bicycle.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a bad or scary dream.
The girl was scared to go back to sleep because she had had a _________.

□ __________
adj. When something is __________, it helps the body stay healthy.
Mangoes are one of the most __________ fruits in the world.

□ _______
n. _______ is a substance that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong.
Fish and beef are good sources of _______.

□ _________
n. A _________ is your name, when you write it in your own way.
I put my _________ at the end of the letter.

□ _____
n. _____ is a word used to refer to things without mentioning the things by name.
We gave a lot of _____ to the charity.

□ ____________
adj. When something is ____________, it is done without thinking about it.
Breathing is one of the ____________ things that the body does.

□ ___
n. A ___ is a vehicle that is used for carrying things. It is smaller than a truck.
The delivery company uses large ___s to deliver packages.

□ ____
v. To ____ someone is to make them know of possible danger in the future.
The lifeguard ____ people to stay away from the rough ocean.

□ _______
n. A _______ is an exercise routine that helps improve health.
She doesn't do her _______ on the weekends.

□ ____
v. To ____ is to move quickly.
The cars ____ along the road.
13 The Big Race

Alex woke up scared because of a __________. In it, he was running a race. Just before
he reached the finish line, he fell. Alex thought that, in a ____________ way, his brain
was trying to ____ him about something. He was going to run in a race that day. Did the
dream mean he was going to lose? He became _________.

"Good morning," said Alex's mother. "I ______ some coffee and made you a special
breakfast." Alex didn't want it. It had too much sugar. He needed something __________.
So he prepared a meal that contained a lot of _______ to maximize his energy for the
race. Then his father asked, "Do you want help packing your _____?" "No," replied Alex.
He wanted to make sure that he had all his _________ for the race.

Alex's family got in their ___ and drove to the track. When they arrived, a boy ran
toward Alex. "Can I have your __________?" asked the boy. Alex had many fans. He usually
_______ everybody he spoke to. However, today Alex refused to give the boy his
__________. He needed to think about his race. He took his jump rope from his bag and
started his usual _______. Maybe exercising would help him forget about the nightmare.
"The race is about to start," said the coach. _____ of sweat formed all over Alex's
body. All he could think about was his terrible dream. He thought it might be his
_______ to become a loser. While he was thinking, he didn't hear the ____ that meant the
race had started.

The runners ______ toward the finish line. By the time Alex started, he ______ far
behind everyone. He couldn't run fast enough to catch up to the others. He had lost the
race! He shouldn't have let the nightmare ______ him. He should have stayed focused on
the race.
UNIT 14 WORD LIST
□ _____
n. A _____ is a block of hard clay that is used for building things, such as walls.
There were several _____ scattered on the ground.

□ _______
v. To _______ means to break or fall apart into small pieces.
The old house's walls _______ into a pile of rock and wood.

□ _____
n. _____ is a mixture of flour and water that becomes bread when baked.
I made heart-shaped cookies from the _____.

□ _______
v. To _______ a feeling or idea means to show others how one thinks or feels.
The nurse _______ her sympathy for the sick patient.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a hand with fingers bent in toward the palm.
The bully made a ____ and threatened to hit the small boy.

□ ________
adj. If something is ________, then it can bend easily without breaking.
The tree branch was so ________ it could be bent into a circle and not break.

□ _____
v. To _____ means the face becomes red due to heat, illness, or emotion.
After the long race, the runner's face was _____.

□ ______
v. To ______ someone means to damage a part of their body.
The car crash ______ two people.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a small piece of something that is solid.
The artist took a ____ of clay and turned it into a beautiful pot.

□ _______
n. A _______ is something that is made by mixing other things together.
The walls were built using a _______ of water, rock, and dirt.

□ _________
v. To _________ means to return to a friendly relationship.
After arguing, the two friends were _________ with each other.

□ ____
v. To ____ something means to harm or damage it greatly.
Our walk in the park was ____ by the sudden rain.

□ _______
v. To _______ something means to break it suddenly into many tiny pieces.
When the ball hit the window, the glass _______.

□ _______
n. _______ are wooden or metal covers in front of a window.
Mr. Smith closed the _______ every night to make his bedroom dark.

□ ____
v. To ____ something means to remove all the large pieces.
The baker ____ the flour into a large bowl.

□ ______
adj. If something is ______ then it is small or minor.
There was only a ______ change in the little boy's height.

□ _______
v. To _______ means to shine brightly with quick flashes of light.
The stars _______ in the winter nights sky.

□ ________
v. To ________ means to scatter something all over something else.
He ________ the pasta with salt and black pepper.

□ _____
adj. If food is _____, then it is not fresh but dry, hard, and not good to eat.
The cookies sat on the table so long that they became _____.

□ _____
v. To _____ a word or a sound means to say it.
The lost boy was so scared that he could barely _____ a single word.
14 The Brothers and the Bread

Two brothers wanted to go outside and play. However, because the only bread in the house
was _____, their mother told them they needed to bake fresh bread.

"I have to have the car repaired," she said. "When I return, if the bread is ready, you
can play." The brothers hurried to prepare the bread, but they were not careful enough.
They didn't ____ the flour. They were careless and _________ too much salt into the
_______. The _____ needed to be soft and ________, but the salt made it into a ____ that
was as hard as a _____.

The younger brother _______ a sigh. "Now we have to start again," he said. "No, we
don't," the older brother replied. "I'll fix it. I just need to make the dough flat
again and add water to it."

He decided to hit the ball of dough with his ____ to make it flat. But he hit it so hard
that it flew right off of the table and knocked over a glass, which ________. The dough
then crashed into the kitchen window's _______ and _________. Luckily, the brothers were
not _______, but they had made a huge mess.

A ______ mistake now had become a major problem. The brothers had ______ the kitchen.
Just then their mother returned. She saw the mess and became _______ with anger.

"Now you can't play," she said. "Instead, you have to clean the kitchen. I want this
kitchen to be so clean that it _______!" The brothers cleaned the floor and _________
their sorrow to their mother. Soon, they were __________. But there was no bread, and it
was too late to play. They realized that trying to do something quickly often makes more
work.
UNIT 15 WORD LIST
□ ________
conj. You use ________ to say that one thing is contrasted by another.
________ she was late, her friends gave her a warm welcome.

□ _____
v. To _____ something means to put it on.
She always _____ makeup to her face before going outside.

□ _____
v. To _____ something means to wait for it.
The players _____ the referee's decision.

□ _______
adj. When something is _______, it is very special and you like it very much.
The boy took a nap next to his _______ cat.

□ _______
n. A _______ is the usual weather in a place.
The _______ in the desert is very hot.

□ ________
v. When you ________, you say that you are unhappy about something.
The workers ________ that they were being treated unfairly.

□ _______
v. To _______ someone means to make them feel like they are unsure.
The sign _______ the traveler because it pointed in two directions.

□ ___
adj. When something is ___, it is expected to happen or be done at that time.
The papers were ___ on the 19th.

□ _________
v. To _________ something means to create it.
He wanted to _________ a club for people to help the Earth.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a place where heat is made.
Mr. Jones came to fix the _______.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a rope or chain that is used to lead an animal.
Dogs must wear a _____ to keep them from running away.

□ ______
v. To ______ means to grow up to become an adult.
When they ______, they became as tall as their parents.

□ _______
v. To _______ something means to find out the quality, value, or effect of it.
The scientists carefully _______ the amount of chemicals in the tubes.

□ _____
n. The _____ of something is the middle of it.
She was in the _____ of cleaning when the telephone rang.

□ ______
n. ______ is extreme suffering.
There was a lot of ______ after Sam lost his dog.

□ _________
adj. _________ means without power or authority.
I fear my father is _________ now.

□ _____
adj. When something happened _____ to something else, it happened earlier.
Ron had to wait since he arrived _____ to the scheduled meeting time.

□ ________
n. ________ is close and careful study to discover new things.
Scientists did a lot of ________ on the subject of blood type.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a craft designed for spaceflight.
Many people want to travel into space by _________.

□ _______
n. A _______ of something is a group of many different kinds of it.
There are a _______ of flowers at the shop.
15 Laika, the Space Dog

One of the world's most _______ space travelers was also the furriest. Laika was a
little dog living on the streets of Moscow, Russia. She _______ on the streets because
no one would give her a home. She had to learn how to live without eating much. She
found ways to keep warm in a very cold _______. Scientists thought a tough dog like
Laika would do well in a project they were putting together.

In a _____ launch, Russia had put the first man-made object into space. Now, scientists
wanted to see if a living thing could go into space. ________ many facts about space had
been learned, they weren't enough to help send humans into space safely yet.

Laika and two other dogs were chosen to help scientists with their _______. The animals
were used in a _______ of tests. In the end, though, only Laika would go into space. On
November 3, 1957 the Sputnik 2 ________ was ___ to leave Earth.

Scientists carefully _______ wires to Laika's skin to _______ her body's reactions once
she got into space. Laika also wore a special _____. Without it, she would float around
in the spaceship. Soon after, Laika left the planet. Scientists on Earth _______
information from the ship.

But in the _____ of so much excitement, something very sad happened. Scientists were
able to tell that Laika was under a lot of stress. The trip _______ and scared her.
Laika's entire ship had become as hot as a _______. Scientists were ________ to help the
dog in her ______. After about five hours, Laika died.

Some have _________ that the little dog should never have been used in the mission.
Scientists knew that she would not survive the trip. Laika was never buried, but a
memorial has been __________ in Moscow. There are many songs and books about her, too.
It seems that Laika became a hero to many people.
UNIT 16 WORD LIST
□ __________
adv. If something happens __________, it happens completely.
The company stopped using sugar __________ in its food.

□ ____
v. To ____ people is to make them feel united together.
The victims of the flood were ____ by their need to help each other.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a dark mark caused by being hit by something.
She got a ______ on her knee from falling down.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a way of doing things that has been the same for a long time.
It is a ______ that the bride and groom have the first dance.

□ ___________
adj. When someone is ___________ they do not follow the rules or instructions.
The ___________ children didn't listen to their mother and had an accident.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to know about it before it happens.
The teacher didn't _______ any problems with his large class.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to see it for a short time.
She _______ outside the window as the plane was about to land.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a ring that is made of plastic, metal, or wood.
The boys tried to toss the ball through the basketball ____.

□ __________
n. __________ is bad luck or an unlucky event.
His family helped him when he encountered __________.

□ ________
adj. When something is ________, it is unpleasant or sad.
She doesn't like to say ________ things about her friends.

□ ___
prep. ___ is used to mean "each" when giving a price, size, or amount.
It costs eight dollars ___ person to watch the baseball game.

□ _____
v. To _____ is to ask for something you want very badly.
He _____ for his parents to let him go to the soccer game.

□ ___
v. To ___ something means to pull it apart.
She ___ the paper in half by accident.

□ ____
n. The ____ of something is the reason for doing it.
The parents worked hard for their children's ____.

□ ______
v. To ______ something is to rub it very hard with something sharp.
I accidentally ______ the paint off the side of the car.

□ ______
n. A ______ of something is the place that it comes from.
The river was the ______ of drinking water for the village.

□ _____
adj. When somebody is _____, they are very serious.
The _____ teacher didn't allow the students to speak during class.

□ ______
v. To ______ is to use a needle and thread to join pieces of cloth together.
My grandmother ______ the pieces together to make a big blanket.

□ _____
n. A _____ is the sound of a heavy object hitting something.
They heard the _____ when the bowling ball hit the floor.

□ ________
adj. When somebody is ________, they are angry and emotional.
Gina was ________ when she found out that Liz was bad in school.
16 Gwen's New Friends

Gwen walked into the gym for her next class. Coach Peeves said, "Today, we're playing
basketball. The ______ is to let you choose your own teams. However, we're going to do
things differently."

The coach assigned each girl to a team. There were six girls ___ team. Gwen _______ at
her teammates. She didn't know any of them. All of her friends were on the other teams.
She couldn't believe her __________.

"I feel sick. May I go to the nurse?" asked Gwen.

The coach could see through Gwen's excuses. It wasn't the first time Gwen tried to leave
class. With a _____ voice, the coach said, "No." Gwen was _______. "I don't know any of
these girls! Let me play on another team. Please!" she _______.

"Gwen, don't be __________. I don't want to hear any more ________ comments from you."

Gwen had no choice. Then a girl smiled at her. "Hi, I'm Stephanie. I was in your English
class last year," she said. Gwen remembered her. "For the ____ of the team, please try
your best. I know you're a good player," said Stephanie.

When the game started, Gwen played as best as she could. She took a long shot. The ball
sailed through the air and went right through the ____!

"That was awesome!" said one of her teammates. Later, Gwen fell with a loud _____.

"Are you OK?" asked her teammates. They were worried. She had ____ her pants. She had
_______ her knee and had a small ______.

Gwen told her teammates, "My knee is fine, and I can _____ my pants later. Let's keep
playing!"

By the end of the game, Gwen forgot _________ that she hadn't wanted to play, and her
team won! The victory _____ Gwen's team together. She had made a lot of new friends, and
she could _______ that they would be a ______ of happiness for her for many years.
UNIT 17 WORD LIST
□ ______
adj. If something is ______, it is sickly or not doing well.
Antonio's ______ health caused his head to hurt.

□ _____
adj. If two people or things are _____, they are similar to each other.
The brothers looked so much _____ that it was impossible to tell one from the other.

□ ______
v. To ______ means to disgust someone.
Minerva was ______ when she read the email from her enemy.

□ _____
v. To _____ means to wash oneself with water.
The mermaid _____ herself in the ocean.

□ ______
n. ______ is the area in a game in which plays are legal.
If your ball lands outside the lines, it's out of ______.

□ ________
v. To ________ means express an opinion about the good and the bad parts of something.
My job is to ________ the food at various restaurants.

□ __________
n. __________ is the study of people and populations.
If you study __________, you'll see huge population growth in some areas of the world.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a doctor's decision about the cause of an illness.
The vet's _________ was that our dog had a broken leg.

□ ___
n. A ___ is a decline or a worsening in condition.
The economy experienced a ___ in the 1930s, leading many workers to lose their jobs.

□ ________
n. ________ is a feeling of sadness and anxiousness.
We were in great ________ when our home was destroyed during the last hurricane.

□ _____
n. A _____ is when a body's temperature is higher than normal.
He had to miss school because he was sick with a _____.

□ ____
adj. Something that is ____ is worrying, serious, and scary.
The boy made the ____ discovery that he had accidentally deleted his homework.

□ ___
n. Someone's ___ is their intestines, where food is processed after leaving the stomach.
Thousands of bacteria live in your ___ and help you digest food.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a type of hard hat that protects your head.
When exploring underground caves, it is important to always wear a ______.

□ ____
n. An ____ is a plant used for cooking or medicine.
I couldn't decide which ____ I wanted to buy at the market.

□ ________
adj. If someone is ________ they are angry and aggressive, and willing to fight easily.
The woman delivered an angry, ________ speech on the floor of the legislature.

□ _______
n. A _______ is an unexpected blessing which seems almost impossible, like a gift from
heaven.
A _______ happened when Rosalita won over 60 million dollars in the lottery.

□ _____
v. To _____ means to show or feel great sadness when you lose someone.
The entire family _____ their grandfather's death together.

□ ________
n. ________ are words or ideas that are silly or foolish.
The baby was talking ________ into the phone.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a doctor.
The _________ was a friendly man who did his best with all of his patients.
17 The Black Plague

In the 1300s, a ____ disease known as the Black Plague _______ the world, spreading
rapidly from city to city like wildfire.

People from China to England fell ill-no one was spared, as the disease struck young and
old _____, without mercy. The incidence of death was terribly high. One out of every
three people in Europe perished; some, however, believe it to be one out of every two.
Overall, between 75 million and 200 million people passed away, greatly changing the
__________ of the region. It would take 200 years before the population level rose
again.

The Black Plague created fear that knew no ______. The first symptom to occur was the
onset of a _____, quickly followed by a terrible pain in the patient's ___. The
patient's skin then turned black, their armpits swelled, and blood poured out of their
bodies. The victims were in great _______, which was worsened because those around them
were afraid of any contact, making the victim's suffering even more horrible. Loved ones
would pray for a _______ with every ___ in a family member's health, hoping they would
escape the need to _____ them. Nothing could stop this terrible illness, and because so
many died, they had to be buried together in giant graves.

Without a proper or accurate _________, _________ at the time were unaware of the
existence of ____ or other medicines that could cure or help the ______ people. The
doctors were negatively ________ because of this perceived failing, so several efforts
were made by others to find cures. Most of these efforts were ________. For example,
some believed that wearing special _______ shaped like birds would stave off or cure the
disease. Other "cures" were dangerous and cruel-people of different religions were
burned alive, as some thought that a religion was somehow responsible for the onset of
the Plague.

The world in the 1300s was a dirty place in which few people ______ themselves. Germs
and bacteria were easily transmitted to others. Rats were everywhere, and fleas living
off the rats carried the Black Plague from house to house, defeating the population's
most _______ efforts to stop it.
UNIT 18 WORD LIST
□ ______
n. An ______ is a certain way of speaking that shows where a person is from.
The new teacher's ______ was clearly a German one.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a person whose job is to cut men's hair.
My hair is getting much too long. I'd better go to the ______'s shop.

□ ________
n. A ________ of a house or building is a room that is built underground.
They turned their ________ into a game room.

□ _____
adj. When something is _____, it does not have anything on it.
She got a _____ piece of paper to draw on.

□ _____
v. To _____ means to shut the eyes and quickly open them again.
I _____ many times so that my eyes could adjust to the bright light.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a group of people who sing together.
He had _____ practice every day after school.

□ _____
adj. When something is _____, it is funny.
The _____ actor was famous for his jokes.

□ __________
v. To __________ something means to make it harder than necessary.
The bad weather __________ finishing the job quickly.

□ _______
v. To _______ an offer or invitation means to say no to it.
She _______ his offer to pay for her dinner.

□ ______
n. An ______ is a trip taken to do a specific activity.
He couldn't go to practice because he had several ______ to do.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a piece of clothing that covers your fingers and hand.
When it gets cold, I always put on a pair of _____.

□ ______
n. A ______ is one who lives alone and does not spend time with others.
The ______ lived a simple life in a small cave in the forest.

□ ______
adv. If something is done ______, then it is fair.
We ______ decided to give the prize to him.

□ _______
n. _______ is a material made from animal skin that is used to make clothing.
He got a new _______ jacket for his birthday.

□ ______
v. To ______ something is to think about it carefully.
She sat in the park and ______ her problem.

□ _______
v. To _______ something means to keep it for a certain person or time.
He _______ a table at the busy restaurant.

□ ______
n. A ______ is the words of a film or play.
He read the ______ of the play three times.

□ ______
v. To ______ for something or someone means to look for them carefully.
I ______ the newspaper for a new job.

□ ____
v. To ____ is to close something hard.
She ____ the book shut after she finished reading it.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a set of stairs found inside a building.
The _________ leads directly into the kitchen.
18 The School Play

Peter was excited. Next week he was going to _______ for the school play. Everybody knew
he was a great actor. He was sure he would get the lead role.

Later, his friend Robby asked him, "Have you seen the ______ for the play?"

"Yes. The title is The Lost _____—it's a _____ play," replied Peter. Robby said, "I want
to play the part of the ______ because the hermit gets to talk with an ______!"

"I want the lead role of the ______. I didn't know you liked acting. I thought you liked
_____ better," said Peter.

"Acting is also a hobby of mine. Do you want to practice with me? The _______ at my
house is quiet. It's perfect!" Robby replied.

"I don't like practicing with others. It __________ the process for me," said Peter.

Actually, Peter didn't want to practice at all. The teacher would surely _______ the
lead part for him. A few days later, Robby came to his house.

Robby said, "Do you want to practice the scene on the _________? It's the part where the
migrant ________ for a new job."

Peter ________ the invitation. "I can't today. I need to do some ______. "Then he
_______ the door. It was just an excuse. Peter didn't want to help Robby.

On the day of auditions, Peter wore his lucky _______ jacket. He always got the best
part when he wore it. The teacher told him to begin, but his mind was _____. He couldn't
remember the lines!

A week later, the teacher put a list of the parts on the wall. Peter read the list,
looking for his name. He was shocked by what he saw. He _______ his eyes and looked
again. He didn't get the lead part—Robby did! Peter ________ the situation and came to
the idea that Robby ______ received the part. He earned it by practicing. Next time,
Peter would practice, too.
UNIT 19 WORD LIST
□ _________
adj. _________ means to suffer physically or mentally.
He was _________ by pain in his right arm.

□ __________
n. The __________ is the air around the Earth where weather conditions form.
Scientists worry that harmful substances are hurting the __________.

□ ______
n. An ______ is a person who wrote a certain piece of writing.
The ______ was hard at work on his next novel.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a failure to work correctly.
Her car had a _________, and she wasn’t sure how to fix it.

□ _____
n. _____ is the items carried by a ship or an airplane.
The _____ of the ship got wet when it started raining.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a part of a book that usually has a number or a title.
The first _______ of a book usually introduces the main character of a story.

□ _______
v. To _______ two things means to join them together.
I _______ the mouse to my laptop computer.

□ ____
n. ____ is short for "etcetera." It is used to refer to other unspecified objects.
She was going to bring treats to the party: cookies, muffins, cake, ____.

□ ____
v. To ____ means to press a switch quickly to turn on or off.
To turn on the lights, just ____ this switch.

□ ____
adj. If you are ____, you are not doing anything.
She read a book to keep from being ____.

□ ______
v. To ______ someone of something is to tell them about it.
The teacher ______ us about a change to our assignment.

□ ___
n. ___ are a vegetable that is small, round, and green.
His favorite food was ___.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a dried grape.
______ are one of my favorite snacks.

□ ______
v. To ______ something is to keep it.
Even by the afternoon, the day had ______ the morning's freshness.

□ _____
v. To _____ something means to say it in a definite way.
The president _____ his opinion about the world's health concerns.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a flat plate used to hold food.
The waiter brought our food on a ____.

□ ___________
adj. If something is ___________, it is bad or unlucky.
It was ___________ that Dave's team lost, but he still had fun.

□ _____
adj. When something is _____, it is bright and colorful.
The figures in the painting were _____.

□ _____
v. To _____ means to have food come up from one’s stomach.
It is common for women to _____ when they are pregnant.
19 Isaac's First Plane Trip

Isaac's family was going on vacation. He was excited about the trip except for one
thing. He had never been on a plane before. He was scared that the plane would have a
_________.

Isaac got onto the plane. He walked down the aisle until he found his seat. He sat down
and _________ the ends of his seat belt. After being ____ for a few minutes, the pilot
announced that they were ready to leave.

He looked out the window at the _____ colors of the sky. He began to feel scared. The
girl sitting next to him said, "Hi, I'm Rachel! You look nervous, but you don't need to
be. Flying is fun!"

"I'm still a bit nervous," Issac said, "and I'm getting hungry."

"The food service will begin soon. Just lower the ____ on the seat in front of you, and
____ this switch. Then they'll bring your dinner! Last time, they served chicken, ____,
and a box of ______," Rachel explained.

Then the pilot ________ the passengers of bad conditions in the __________. "We're
tracking the weather: lightning, clouds, ___. The ride might get a bit rough," he
______. Suddenly, the plane started to shake. Isaac was badly _________ by his fear. His
stomach hurt, and he thought he might _____. He couldn't believe that he was in such an
__________ place. Finally, the shaking stopped. Isaac was still scared, but he tried to
______ a good attitude.

"The first time I flew, the plane shook so bad that _____ started falling. My parents
told me to listen to music and read a _______ in my book. It calmed me," Rachel said.
Suddenly, the plane shook again. This time, Isaac followed Rachel's advice. He put on
headphones and took out a book by his favorite _____. The book and the music helped
Isaac feel better. After a while, he didn't even notice the bad weather. The unfortunate
situation didn't feel so bad after someone helped him.
UNIT 20 WORD LIST
□ ________
n. ________ is the desire to succeed and to become the best at something.
His great ________ led him to try to climb the mountain alone.

□ _________
n. An _________ is a vehicle that transports people in a medical emergency.
The _________ sped through the street to get to the accident.

□ _____
n. An _____ connects your leg to your foot.
The man hurt his _____ while jogging in the park.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a small wooden house in a forest or camping area.
The man reached the mountain _____ after a long day of hiking along the river.

□ ________
n. A ________ is a chart that shows the days, weeks, and months of a year.
Marco used an online ________ to keep track of his schedule.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a unit of heat used to measure how much energy a food will produce.
My sister is on a low-_______ diet for fitness training.

□ ____
n. A ____ is an open space or hole underground or inside a mountain or cliff.
A crystal blue lake could be found in the underground ____.

□ __________
adv. __________ means doing something on a continuous basis.
He was __________ checking his watch to see if he was late.

□ __________
n. A __________ is a group of people that are part of a larger group.
The movie star stood in front of an entire __________ of photographers.

□ ________
n. A ________ is the time by which you need to have something completed.
Marius had a short ________ in which to finish his report.

□ _____
v. To _____ means to use strength or ability to do something.
You _____ a lot of energy when you lift weights.

□ _____
v. To _____ is to be positioned at the side of something or someone.
The mayor entered the room _____ by her advisers.

□ ____
adj. To be ____ of something means to cherish or like it.
The mother cow was very ____ of her lovely little calf.

□ ______
v. To ______ means to order someone not to do something.
After Robert used his crayons on the wall, his mother wanted to ______ him from using
them at all!

□ ____
v. To ____ something means to carry it from place to place.
The porter said he'd ____ our suitcases up to our hotel room.

□ ______
v. To ______ something means to make it weaker or worse.
Regularly eating too much can ______ your health.

□ _________
adj. To be _________ means to get angry or anxious when something takes too much time.
The _________ teacher could not control the students in her classroom.

□ ___
adj. ___ means in the middle or center of something.
Cassandra fell asleep ___-movie.

□ _________
n. _________ is the process of eating the right kind of food in order to stay healthy.
The mother always made sure that her baby had good _________.

□ ________
n. An ________ is someone who has a lot of hope and always sees the bright side of
things.
Joe was an ________, so he believed he would get the job that he wanted.
20 Climbing Kilimanjaro

With great ________, it is now possible for everyone in good health to attempt climbing
Mt. Kilimanjaro (5,895m). The path to the top of Africa's tallest mountain has many
______ for climbers to use, while other routes have _____ where people can camp. Unlike
other mighty mountains such as Everest and K2 in the Himalayas, Kilimanjaro can be
climbed even by novices. For this reason, a growing _________ of people who are ____ of
adventure are coming to Tanzania. Still, not every ______'s dreams will come true, and
several will be forced to turn back ___-hike. What ______ some climbers and makes others
successful?

Kilimanjaro is only for people who are sufficiently prepared. If you become ill, there
is no _________ to take you to the hospital. Instead, your guides will have to ____ you
down the mountain if you break your _____ or have difficulty breathing the thin mountain
air. For this reason, burning ________ by exercising before the trip is vital. Healthy
_________ is also strongly recommended in order to ensure you have ample energy and are
as strong as possible.

Some people _____ themselves too much by attempting to rush to the top, acting as if
they were trying to meet a ________. These _________ climbers often turn back due to
exhaustion and sickness. Instead, those who _____ the group and proceed slowly are more
likely to get to the top. Guides make efforts to ______ people from climbing too
quickly, _________ whispering "pole, pole," which means "slowly, slowly" in Kiswahili.

Those who successfully haul themselves to the top have a great reward. The views are
breathtaking. Sadly, because of global warming, much of the ice on the mountaintop has
melted in recent years. Before long, there will be none left at all. For this reason,
many people are marking their ________ and planning trips to Tanzania, hoping to see the
beauty of the icy summit before it's too late.
UNIT 21 WORD LIST
□ __________
n. A __________ is a person's education, family, and experience.
The new teacher had a __________ in science and math.

□ ____
n. ____ is something used to trick a person or thing to do something.
The best ____ for catching fish is a big, fat worm.

□ _________
v. To _________ an event means to record it.
The daily newspaper _________ local and world events.

□ ______
n. ______ is a red-brown metal often used in electric wire and pipes.
Ancient hunters melted ______ to make knives and spears.

□ _______
n. A _______ is an illness that causes specific problems.
He had a _______ that caused him to lose his hearing.

□ ________
n. ________ is the collection of beliefs and stories of a culture.
India's ________ has stories about great warriors written in long poems.

□ ______
v. To ______ someone means to give them an illness.
The common cold ______ hundreds of millions of people each year.

□ ____
v. To ____ means to have an unpleasant feeling that you want to scratch.
The rough fabric in his shirt made his neck ____.

□ __________
n. __________ is books, plays, and poetry.
Early American __________ covers the poetry and stories from 1500 to 1800.

□ __________
n. A __________ is 1000 years.
Stonehenge is believed to have been built about five __________ ago.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a traditional story that explains a culture's history and beliefs.
In Greece, there was a ____ about a woman who had snakes for hair.

□ _______
v. To _______ someone means to raise them to a higher position or rank.
After two years at the company, she was _______ to manager.

□ ______
v. To ______ to something means to have a connection with it.
A company's plan usually ______ to how much profit it can make.

□ ________
n. A ________ is a belief in a god or gods.
Their ________ taught that people should forgive their enemies.

□ ___
n. A ___ is a specific amount of money.
He calculated the numbers to see what the ___ of his bills would be.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a person who works with a bank's customers.
The ______ at the bank helped Kelly put money into a savings account.

□ ___________
adj. If someone is ___________, they are honest and truthful.
Mary is one of the most ___________ people I've ever met.

□ ______
v. To ______ something means to make it more modern.
We need to ______ the programs on our computers.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a tube in the body that carries blood toward the heart.
The blue ____ in my hand are just under my skin.

□ _____
n. _____ is a poisonous substance that comes from animals or plants.
A snake's _____ can be used to cure the illnesses it creates.
21 The Teller and the Thieves

A ______ at a bank suspected some of her fellow employees of not being very _________.
She thought they were stealing. In order to catch them, though, she needed some way to
link them to the crime. She had a _________ in ________ and ________. She remembered
that one religion's _________ had a _____ that __________ how a group of thieves was
captured.

In the __________-old story, coins of _______ were covered with ______ taken from a
poisonous snake. The coins were left as ____ for the robbers. When they touched the
coins, the venom _______ their bodies through their skin. The venom ran through their
_____, and they all became very sick as if they had a _______. It made their skin
purple. The police arrested whoever had purple skin.

She knew she couldn't use venom because it might hurt someone. However, she thought of a
way to ______ the old story. She decided to cover a ___ of money with a special powder.
If people touched the money, the powder would cause their skin to ____. She placed the
stack of money in the bank's safe. No one was supposed to take money from the safe. If
somebody did, then they had to be stealing.

Within a few hours, three of her coworkers were scratching their hands and arms. They
______ so badly that they couldn't even work. She checked the money, and it was gone.
She told her boss what she had done, and he had the thieves arrested. He thanked her and
_________ her. Because events from history often repeat, ancient literature had helped
the teller solve a crime. She proved that stories from the past still ______ to the
problems of today, and they can be helpful in solving those problems.
UNIT 22 WORD LIST
□ _______
n. _______ is an act of giving help, usually money, to those who need it.
Thanks to his friends' _______, he had enough money to pay the rent.

□ ________
n. ________ is the activity of buying and selling things.
The new shopping mall increased the ________ in that section of town.

□ _______
v. To _______ someone means to give them a specific punishment.
The judge _______ the criminal to five years in prison.

□ ____
adj. If something is ____, then it is comfortable, warm, and relaxing.
The thick blanket made the bed very ____.

□ _______
v. To _______ an amount of something means to use all of it up.
All the driving he was doing was _______ his car's fuel supply.

□ _______
n. An _______ is the money and businesses of a country or region.
The factory was good for the _______ because it brought jobs to the area.

□ ______
n. An ______ is a large group of countries ruled by an emperor or empress.
The emperor built roads to make travel easier throughout the ______.

□ _____
n. _____ are anything that can be bought or sold.
Shoes, hats, dresses, and purses were the _____ she wanted to buy.

□ ____
v. To ____ something means to obey or follow it.
You should ____ the advice on the sign and not drive so fast.

□ ________
v. To ________ means to travel by asking for rides from passing vehicles.
She didn't have a car, so she ________ several miles to her brother's home.

□ ____
v. To ____ someone means to tease them in a cruel way.
The girls ____ Nancy because she was a new student.

□ _______
adj. If someone is _______, then they do not help either of the two fighting sides.
The girl's friend remained _______ while the couple was arguing.

□ _________
v. To _________ means to treat someone badly.
Dan felt _________ because he was smaller than the other boys at school.

□ ____
n. ____ is the feeling of sadness and kindness for those who are suffering.
Because she had ____ for the lost boy, she helped him find his parents.

□ ______
v. To ______ something means to make it smaller in size or fewer in number.
When the store ______ its prices, people wanted to shop there.

□ _____
n. A _____ was a person whose job was to copy written works.
In ancient Egypt, _____ recorded important events.

□ ______
n. A ______ is someone's mood or a chance that they might get angry.
She has a ______. Even the slightest mistakes make her angry.

□ ______
n. A ______ is the special chair in which a ruler sits.
Nobody except the king and queen sat in the ______ in the great hall.

□ _____
n. _____ is the state of people working together for a certain purpose.
The project was finished early thanks to the _____ of the workers.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a group or person that wins in a contest.
At the end of the game, the blue team were the ______.
22 The Scribe's Warning

A great and powerful ______ needed the wood from its western areas to build palaces and
homes for the emperor and his friends. However, the empire had _______ many of its
forests. The trees were important to the western areas' _______. With no trees to sell,
the _______ in that area was _______. Citizens could no longer purchase the _____ that
they needed to survive. Their life became difficult.

A poor _____ from the area wanted to help. He _________ to the capital to ask the
emperor for ______. He was invited to the palace. It was large and ____. Tables were
loaded with food, and fires burned warmly in every fireplace.

The emperor sat upon his ______, and the scribe stood in front of him. "I've come to ask
for help," the scribe said. "We're all very poor and hungry. You've used up all of the
forests, and now we have nothing to sell." Then he added a warning. "If we don't receive
help, I'm afraid that the entire empire will suffer. We must establish some _____."

Upon hearing the scribe's request, the emperor's bad ______ surfaced. He _____ the
scribe. "You think I should help," he said and laughed. "You should just be happy to
belong to this great empire. You will get nothing from me."

The emperor felt no ____ for the citizens of the western area. They were _________ to
starve. The scribe returned home with nothing.

Not long after, an enemy invaded the empire from the west. They were marching to the
capital. Because the citizens felt _________ by the emperor, they remained _______. They
didn't fight the invaders but allowed them to march freely to the capital.

The emperor was defeated. If he had ____ the words of the scribe, then the citizens
might have been the ______. But because he had treated them badly, they treated him
badly in return.
UNIT 23 WORD LIST
□ ________
adj. If something is ________, it is completely correct.
The story in the newspaper wasn't very ________.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to study it.
The scientist will _______ the blood sample.

□ ________
n. An ________ is a giant rock from outer space.
In 1908, a giant ________ hit Siberia,

□ ___________
n. A ___________ is a dispute about something that affects many people.
There has been a lot of ___________ over the judge's decision.

□ ______
v. To ______ is to change over time.
Many people think that humans ______ from animals.

□ ______
n. A ______ is something that has an effect on the way another thing happens.
Smoking is the main ______ that causes lung cancer.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, it is related to the genes in one's body.
The color of one's eyes is _______.

□ ______
n. A ______ is the collection of all the genes in a living thing.
Understanding the human ______ may help cure many diseases.

□ _________
adj. To be _________ is to be the same as someone or something else.
James and John are _________ twins.

□ ___________
n. An ___________ is a very smart person.
We've always considered my Uncle Max to be the ___________ of the family.

□ ________
n. A ________ of something is more than half of the people or things in that group.
A ________ of the people voted for Tom Smith in the election.

□ ______
n. A ______ is an animal that usually has hair and is not born from an egg,
Even though they live in water, whales are actually ______.

□ _________
n. _________ are the children of a person or the babies of an animal.
The dog's _________ had the same color of fur as she did.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a substance used to kill insects.
The farmer sprayed his crops with a _________ to keep bugs away.

□ ________
v. To ________ something is to control how it happens.
The bank ________ how much money people can borrow.

□ _________
v. To _________ something is to make it stronger.
Peter _________ his opinion with information from a book.

□ ________
adj. If someone or something is ________ by a disease or problem, they are badly
affected by it.
The pilot landed the ________ airplane with difficulty.

□ ____
adj. If something is ____, it is very large.
The wealthy man bought a ____ amount of land in the countryside.

□ __________
n. A __________ is someone who does not eat any meat products.
I became a __________ because I don't like the taste of meat.
23 How the Dinosaurs Really Died

Many scientists and __________ think that dinosaurs died when an _______ smashed into
the Earth millions of years ago. However, recently, there has been some __________ over
this theory. Some scientists think that it isn't _______. They think that a tiny insect
may have been the biggest ______ in the death of these huge creatures. That insect was
the mosquito.

These scientists do think that an asteroid hit the Earth in the time of the dinosaurs.
But that wasn't what killed all of them. At that time, insects, including the mosquito,
were beginning to _____. Today, we can _______ the number of mosquitoes with __________.
But that was impossible millions of years ago. The mosquitoes multiplied quickly. And
they were certainly not idle. Since there were so many mosquitoes, it was easy for them
to bite many of the dinosaurs. When they bit another living thing, the mosquitoes passed
along a deadly disease. So the dinosaurs were _______ with the disease. The ____
________ of them—from the __________ to the meat eaters—died.

To _________ this idea, scientists stress how gradually the dinosaurs died. If an
asteroid had killed them, they would have died very quickly. But the number of dinosaurs
decreased slowly. In addition, scientists have found _______ material of mosquitoes in
fossils. This material proves that mosquitoes existed back then. Although there may have
been other factors, the dinosaurs died mainly because of disease, the scientists say.

No matter how it happened, the dinosaurs' death had a major impact on other living
things. Many dinosaurs ate _______. After the dinosaurs died, mammals were able to
evolve and produce _________. Birds also evolved. Scientists have ________ the _______
of birds and have discovered that birds have _________ genetic material to some
dinosaurs. So, there may still be dinosaurs among us after all.
UNIT 24 WORD LIST
□ ____
n. A ____ is a dish with a round deep shape.
I put the fruit in the fruit ____.

□ _______
n. _______ food involves making it ready to eat.
I really enjoy _______, especially Italian food.

□ _____
adj. If something is _____, it has a lot of things close together.
I easily became lost in the _____ forest.

□ _______
n. _______ is the ability to be calm and worthy of respect.
When his company went out of business, he faced it with _______.

□ ________
v. To ________ someone or something is to control them.
The loud man ________ the conversation.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, it is made of clay.
The house's roof was made of _______ tiles.

□ _______
adj. If someone is _______, they are angry and unfriendly.
We were happy to move away from our _______ neighbor.

□ _________
adj. If something is _________, it is wrong.
Your answer is _________. You need to correct it.

□ ______
n. Your ______ of food is the amount of food you take into your body.
The doctor said I needed to increase my ______ of fruits and vegetables.

□ ________
adv. If someone does something ________, they do the same thing as someone else.
If Joe is not going to school so he can go swimming, I want to do ________.

□ _______
n. A _______ is made by people and does work for us.
The _______ was broken.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, it is not well known.
The old man travels the world in search of _______ books.

□ ____
v. To ____ fruits and vegetables is to remove their skin.
He ____ the apple before eating it.

□ ____________
n. A ____________ is permission from a doctor to get medicine.
The doctor gave me a ____________ for my medication.

□ ________
n. When you make ________, you get better at what you are doing.
There are clear signs of ________.

□ _____
adj. _____ means covered with sand
I love walking on a _____ beach.

□ ________
n. ________ comes from short and means not having enough.
During the dry season, there was a ________ of water.

□ ________
adj. If someone is ________ at something, they are very good at doing it.
The carpenter is very ________ at building houses.
24 Becoming a Healer

Years ago, I worked at a small health clinic in a remote country. I had gone there to
treat an _______ syndrome. It attacked people's lungs, causing them to need a _______ to
breathe. I was trying out a new medication to treat these people instead of using the
machine. If I was successful, I would become famous.

Everything was going fine until war broke out in a nearby country. Many people from that
country fled the _______ invading army. The army wanted to ________ the people, but the
people didn't want to be oppressed. So they walked hundreds of miles across the dry
_____ land to get away.

Some of these people came to our clinic for treatment. I talked with them and learned of
their difficulties. They did not beg or complain. I was impressed by their _______.

There was one woman I will never forget. Her son suffered from a ________ of food and
stomach pain, and she didn't know what to do. Neither did I. I was not _______ at
treating lack of food. Nonetheless, when I saw her sadness, I knew I had to help her
son.

The woman had been feeding her son bread and water. She had an _________ belief that it
would be enough for him. However, I knew that he needed to eat vegetables, too. So I
took her outside and showed her a _____ patch of plants you could eat. I taught her how
to dig up the roots, ____ them, and ____ them for her son. I explained that she should
increase her son's ______ of these vegetables. ________, she should try to get him some
meat once a week to help him regain his strength.

I sent her off with a ___________ for some pain medicine, but she also left my office
with some new cooking skills. This was _______. A few weeks later, she returned to tell
me her son was healthy again. As thanks, she gave me a beautiful _______ ____.

I never became famous, but I kept that bowl to remind me what it truly means to heal
someone.
UNIT 25 WORD LIST
□ ________
n. An ________ is a vehicle that flies in the sky, such as an airplane or helicopter.
At the museum in the airport, you can see a lot of old ________.

□ _________
n. A _________ is someone who is famous.
It was the highlight of the evening when the _________ arrived.

□ ________
n. ________ is a substance made from stones.
The man covered the ground with ________.

□ ________
adj. If someone is ________, they make decisions quickly.
Our boss is very ________, so it did not take long to organize the project.

□ ________
adj. If someone is ________, many people like or respect them.
An ________ scientist is coming to the university to talk about his discoveries.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, it is the right thing to do.
Many people believe that it is _______ to help others in need.

□ _______
adj. If plants or animals are _______, there are none left.
There used to be dinosaurs all over the world, but now they are _______.

□ _____
adj. If a person or plant is _____, it is strong and can live through difficult
conditions.
The farmer is a _____ man and doesn't mind working outside.

□ _________
n. An _________ is an organization that is interested in research or teaching.
I am going to a lecture about Ancient Rome at the Historical _________.

□ ________
n. ________ is a feeling of wanting something that somebody else has.
She felt a lot of ________ when she saw her friend with a new car.
□ _______
v. To _______ means to move from one place to another.
Many birds _______ to warmer countries in the winter.

□ ______
v. To ______ something means to care for it as it grows or develops.
Robert ______ his plants, and that is why they grow so well.

□ ________
adv. If something is ________, it is located above you.
As we sat on the top of the hill, a plane flew ________.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a belief about the correct way to behave.
To maintain _________, it's vital to watch, listen, and speak carefully.

□ _____
adj. If a place is _____, it is in the countryside instead of the city.
I want to live in a small house in a _____ area.

□ ________
adj. If a place is ________, it is far away from any other place.
There was a ________ bench in the park.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a type of plant or animal.
There are 21 different _______ of butterfly in this forest.

□ _____
n. A _____ is a very wet area of land.
There are lots of wild animals living in the _____.

□ ________
v. To ________ means to move or travel through an area.
The explorer ________ the desert alone on a camel.

□ _______
n. _______ is a subject in which people study animals.
Helen wants to study _______ because she has always liked animals.
25 Gilbert and the Lizard

Eliza disliked Australia. Firstly, she'd had to spend twenty uncomfortable hours on an
________ getting here. She wanted to go to the beach, but her husband was a _______
professor and wanted to look for some interesting animals. So now she was _________ a
______ in the midday heat.

"Let me sit down, Gilbert. I'm not ______ like you," she said, eventually. They sat
under a tree. There were lots of birds in that ________, ______ place, and they watched
them flying ________.

Then suddenly Gilbert saw something on a rock. "That's strange," said Gilbert. "That
looks like a red swamp lizard, but I thought that ______ was _______." He carefully
picked it up. "Yes, it is! I'm going to take it back to the Zoology ________. They will
be filled with so much ________ when they see what I have found!"

"Are you sure we should take it from its home?" asked Eliza.

"Nonsense, many animals _______. They're used to changes," said Gilbert. "Hmm, I don't
agree with the _________ of it," said Eliza. "It isn't _______." But Gilbert was
________ and took the lizard back to the hotel in the city. He thought that this find
would make him a highly _______ ________ at the Zoology Institute.

For the next few days, Gilbert fed and ________ the lizard. But the lizard wasn't happy.
It lost its beautiful red color and began to look ordinary. In fact, Gilbert started to
wonder whether it was special at all. He went outside and found a common lizard on a
piece of ________. When he compared them, they looked exactly alike. The lizard was only
red in the swamp!

Gilbert said to Eliza, "I'm going to return this lizard to the swamp. I've learned an
important lesson. Home is where we are happiest. At home, we are special like the red
lizard. We can never be so happy when we are away."

"Good," said Eliza. "So, can we go home now?"

□ ______
n. An ______ is a heavy object dropped from a boat to make it stay in one place.
When the ship reached its destination, the crew dropped the ______.

□ _____
v. When you _____ something, you make it happen.
Tiredness _____ the accident.

□ _______
n. _______ is the situations that form the background of an event.
They studied the _______ of the battle before giving their presentation.

□ _________
v. To _________ someone or something means to give them a particular description,
The famous lighthouse was _________ a historical monument.

□ _______
v. To _______ something means to lie about it, or pull or twist out of shape.
The man's lawyer _______ the facts so that he would be set free.

□ ____
n. A ____ is an enclosed area where ships go to be loaded, unloaded, and repaired.
The huge ship pulled into the ____, and the crew unloaded the cargo.

□ ______
n. If you have a lot of ______, you have plenty of strength and can do lots of things.
If you lack ______, try eating better food.

□ ________
adj. If something is ________, then it happens or is done often.
While Dad was sick, the doctor made ________ visits to his house.

□ _____
n. The _____ are the part of a motor that controls the speed
My brother has a car with four _____.

□ _______
adj. When something is _______, it is true or real.
After the painting was determined to be _______, it sold for a million dollars.

□ ______
n. ______ is an oily substance put on moving parts so they work smoothly, or
oil or fat in cooking.
When I was done working on the car, I had ______ all over my hands.

□ _________
n. _________ is what you know.
He has trouble putting his _________ into practice.

□ ____
v. When you ____ something, you leave it out or do not do it.
I ____ some important information: he is not coming.

□ ______
v. To ______ means to use one thing to cancel out the effect of another thing.
Increased wages are ______ by higher prices for goods.

□ _______
v. To _______ something means to cover a piece of it.
The gift on top _______ the other gift on the bottom.

□ __________
adj. When something is __________, it has been owned by someone else.
Her __________ jeans were a bit faded in the front.

□ _____
n. When you have _____ at doing a job, you are good at doing it.
She worked with great _____ and confidence.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a narrow opening in a machine or container.
To operate the machine, put your coins into the ____.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a careful plan to achieve something.
Sam thought of a good ______ to attract more business.
26 Jane's Pride

Jane and her father, Mike, owned a __________ boat. They called it "High Hopes." The two
loved to spend time together on the ocean and would often go on long fishing trips.

Mike taught Jane how to perform important tasks. Jane learned how to steer the boat and
adjust the sails. She learned how to put ______ on the _____ of the motor. She learned
how to lift the ______ and secure it by putting a rope in a ____. Jane liked helping her
father, but she thought that she wasn't very good at it. Sometimes, she _______
important steps and made ________ mistakes. Jane thought she wasn't capable of manual
labor and did not have the _________ she needed.

Mike wanted to prove to her that she was indeed capable and important. He thought of a
______ to test Jane's skills in the _______ of an emergency. He hid under the deck and
pretended to be trapped. He shouted, "Jane, I can't get out! You have to get back to the
____ and find help!"

Jane began to panic. She thought she might make her usual mistakes, which would _____ a
disaster. However, she had to listen to her dad and act __________. She pulled up the
anchor with all of her ______. She remembered to _______ the sails to ______ the wind.
She steered the boat around the harbor where the water was shallow. When they got to
shore, Mike came out from under the deck.

Jane said, "I thought you were trapped!"

Mike laughed. He said, "It wasn't a _______ emergency. I ________ the truth to test your
abilities. Look at what a great job you did getting the boat home safely! I knew you
could do it." To honor his daughter, Mike decided to rename his boat. He _________ it
"Jane's Pride" and painted the name on the front of the ship. Jane finally had something
to be proud of.
UNIT 27 WORD LIST
□ __________
adj. If something is __________ it is good for you.
Drinking milk every day is __________ for your bones.

□ __________
n. A __________ is a place where a person is born or where something started.
China is the __________ of chopsticks.

□ ________
n. The ________ of something is the amount of things that can be put in it.
The parking lot has reached its full ________.

□ ___________
adj. If something is ___________, it is being judged based on something else.
The money that John has is ___________ to that of most other adults.

□ ____________
adj. If something is ____________, it has all the details about something else.
The teacher gave us a ____________ review for the exam.

□ ________
v. To ________ something is to protect it from being ruined or used completely.
The group worked to ________ the beauty of Europe's national parks.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______, it is extremely important to another thing.
Clean air is _______ to the survival of humans, plants, and animals.

□ __________
adj. __________ describes an increase by adding one after another.
The __________ snowfall in the area is fifty centimeters per year.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to put it into a place or another thing.
I _______ the money into my bank account.

□ __________
v. To __________ something is to give it to a number of people.
The teacher __________ crayons and markers to her students.

□ _______
n. The _______ is an imaginary line that splits the Earth into north and south.
The _______ crosses the northern part of South America.

□ ______
adj. ______ describes something unusual because it is from far away.
Rebecca tried many ______ foods on her trip to Africa.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______ it relates to the government of a country.
Sometimes _______ laws are different from state laws.

□ _________
n. A _________ is the way that something is made.
The _________ of ice happens when water freezes.

□ _________
n. The _________ of something is the number of times that it happens.
The _________ of rainstorms is very high, especially during the spring.

□ _________
n. An _________ is a goal or plan that someone has.
My _________ this week is to finish my homework by 7:30 every night.

□ ______
n. ______ is a gas that all living things need to breathe.
She thinks there is more ______ in the air in the country than in the city.

□ __________
n. A __________ is a forest that is in a place where it rains very often.
The __________ is home to many animals.

□ ________
n. A ________ is a plan for how to do something.
The team came up with a ________ to win the game.

□ ______
adj. If an area is ______, it is covered with trees.
Jim and Ben decided to go hiking in the ______ area by the river.
27 A Dying Forest

Rainforests provide much of the world's ______ supply. But the forests' ______ trees and
animals are being destroyed to make room for farms and roads. People have been trying to
_______ rainforests for years. But another type of forest—the cloud forest—is just as
important and _________ to humans. Cloud forests are also in danger of disappearing, but
little is being done to save them.

These forests are located at the tops of mountains, generally near the ______. These
humid, ______ mountaintops are mainly in African and Central and South American
countries.

They are called "cloud forests" because their height allows for the ________ of clouds
among the trees. Rainforests produce large amounts of oxygen. Cloud forests produce
__________ amounts of water. The trees in these forests pull water out of the clouds.
The moisture gathers on the leaves. When it drips, it is ________ into streams. The
streams flow into towns at the bottom of the mountain. Then, the water is __________ to
people. The yearly _________ rainfall in these areas is 173 to 198 centimeters. Cloud
forests can pull in up to 60 percent of that. This water is _______ to the plants and
the people in the area. It helps them survive.

Cloud forests are also the _________ of countless species of plants that can't be found
anywhere else. One small cloud forest has the ________ for as many types of plants as
there are in all of Europe. There are so many, in fact, that scientists haven't made a
____________ list of them yet.

These forests are being destroyed with increasing _________. Trees are being cut down,
and roads are being built in their place. Some people have an _________ to get _______
money to protect the forests. But they have had little success. Another ________ is to
replace the destroyed plants. That, too, has been difficult because the plants are so
unique. There's plenty of work to be done, but saving the cloud forests is still a
possibility.
UNIT 28 WORD LIST
□ _____
n. _____ is help or benefit.
His studying was to no _____ because he failed the test.

□ ______
v. To ______ means to clearly state，show, or explain what something is.
People ______ success in many different ways.

□ _____
v. To _____ is to be afraid of something that could, or is going to, happen.
I _____ the possibility that I will not get into college.

□ ______
v. To ______ is to become bigger in size.
A balloon will ______ as you blow air into it.

□ ___________
adj. If something is ___________, it is a basic part of something.
The ___________ rules of basketball are easy.

□ __________
adj. If something is __________, it is frightening and very unpleasant.
There was a __________ car accident today.

□ ___________
adj. If someone is ___________ about something, they do not believe that it is true.
She was ___________ that monkeys could ever drive a car.

□ ______
v. To ______ is to last for a long time.
The smell of fresh cookies ______ in the bakery.

□ ________
n. An ________ is a living thing, especially a very small one.
We studied the ________ under the microscope.

□ __________
v. To __________ is to make someone else's writing or speech shorter.
The students were asked to __________ the story they had just heard.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a serious disease that quickly spreads to many people.
A ______ in Europe killed millions of people.

□ _________
adv. If something happens _________, it is happening right now.
_________, our profits are good, but by next year we can do even better.

□ ______
adj. If something is ______, it happens without any pattern or reason.
Young children often ask ______ questions.

□ ____
n. A ____ is a crowd that reacts to bad news by violently breaking laws.
A ____ broke out after the candidate lost the election.

□ ________
v. To ________ is to write something quickly without caring about how it looks.
I ________ a rough diagram of our plan and gave it to him.

□ ______
n. A ______ is a religious building built to honor a person, event, or god.
He prayed at the ______ for an hour.

□ ________
n. ________ is the state of being totally alone.
John lives a life of ________ because he doesn't get along well with people.

□ _____
adj. If something is _____, then it is severe or clear in appearance or outline.
There is a _____ contrast between their test scores.

□ ______
v. To ______ a person is to ask them to come to you.
We ______ the doctor as soon as we noticed she was sick.

□ ______
v. To ______ is to get worse.
The weather suddenly ______, and we had to stay inside.
28 Thucydides and the Plague of Athens

Thucydides was the world's first historian. _________, we get most of our knowledge
about ancient Greece from his writing. But Thucydides didn't just write about history,
he lived through it. However, he almost didn't survive one historical event: the Plague
of Athens.

In 430 BCE, an army attacked the city of Athens, where Thucydides lived. Thousands of
people hid from the army behind Athens' large walls. The city became very crowded as the
population _______. Then, a _________ disease broke out. People ________ doctors. But it
was to no _____ because no one understood how the disease spread. It seemed ______. They
didn't know that it was an ________. Instead, they ______ disease as a punishment from
their gods. Thucydides was __________ that the gods caused the plague, but he explained
why others believed it. There was an old, long verse which predicted the disease. To
_________ it, the verse said the gods would send a disease during a war. As a result,
large crowds gathered at ______ to ask the gods to stop the plague. But the situation
only ________ because these people were so close to each other they became sick. That's
how they learned a __________ lesson about the plague: it spread from person to person.

People wanted to leave the crowded city, but they ______ what the army outside would do
to them. At this time, Thucydides got sick, too. He quickly ________ down notes because
he thought he would soon die. His writing shows the _____ contrast between people's
behavior before and during the plague. There were _____, and people ignored laws. They
didn't think they'd live long enough to be punished. Many sick people were left to die
in _______ because no one wanted to be near them. The plague _______ for two years. But
luckily, Thucydides survived. Without his writing, we would know much less about ancient
Greece and the Plague of Athens.
UNIT 29 WORD LIST
□ __________
n. An __________ is a car.
The first __________ were very different from the ones that exist today.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a person who is competing to win something such as a job.
Alice is the best _________ for the job.

□ ___________
adj. If something is ___________, it must be kept secret.
The information from the meeting is ___________.

□ _________
adj. If something is _________, it is related to a large business.
Tom enjoys working in the _________ world.

□ _______
v. To _______ something is to make it better.
Amy's blue shirt really _______ the color of her eyes.

□ ___
n. An ___ is a period of time that has something special about it.
During the medieval ___, knights wore protective armor.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a rule about how to do something.
Before they began the project, the teacher gave them some _________.

□ ___________
v. To ___________ is to add something to another thing.
I decided to ___________ a new ingredient into my cake recipe.

□ ________
v. To ________ is to talk to or do something with another person.
The kids began to ________ when the adults left the room.

□ ________
n. An ________ is the time between two things happening.
Tony rested for brief ________ while he worked in the yard.

□ ______
adj. If something is ______, it can be moved easily.
______ phones are convenient because you can use them anywhere.

□ ______
v. To ______ something is to change it a little bit.
I ______ my outfit by adding a belt to it.

□ ________
adj. If two things are ________, they are the same distance away from each other (along
their entire length).
There are two yellow ________ lines dividing both sides of traffic.

□ __________
n. A __________ is something that can be seen as it is happening.
I thought the lights were a strange __________, but they were just shooting stars.

□ _______
v. To _______ means to make air, water, or land dirty, unclean, or foul.
The careless factory _______ the river with chemicals.

□ ________
v. To ________ is to make fun of something in a mean way.
The other students ________ Peter's foreign accent.

□ _____
adj. If something is _____, it is related to the sun.
Using _____ energy is good for the environment.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a piece of land that belongs to a country but isn't a state.
Gibraltar is a _________ of Great Britain.

□ __________
n. A __________ is a competition, usually with many people participating.
My dad is playing in a golf __________ tomorrow.

□ _____________
n. _____________ is any type of vehicle that can carry people or things.
I don't have a car, so my normal _____________ is the train.
29 The Solar Car Race

We live in a ______ society. But the cars we drive require too much gas; plus, they
______ the air. Eventually, the natural resources used to make gas will run out. So,
what happens then? Many people think _____-powered __________ are the answer. To learn
more about this type of ____________, teams from universities and _________
organizations gather in Australia every two years for a solar car race.

The race is called the World Solar Challenge. __________ for this __________ must design
their own cars. The teams keep all their plans __________. They don't ________ with
other teams because the race is very competitive. And these cars aren't just ________
and ________ versions of normal cars. They are completely different.

The cars only have room for one person and are very simple inside—they don't even have a
cushion for the driver to sit on.

These cars are shorter and much more flat than normal cars. Most importantly, the
outside of the cars __________ solar panels that lie ________ to each other. These
panels are made from materials that take in light from the sun and turn it into electric
energy. The cars use this energy to move.

These cars race over 3,000 kilometers across the Australian __________. The drivers have
to follow strict __________. They must stop at certain _________ to charge their
batteries. And unlike normal race cars, they can't go very fast. They have to drive at
the normal speed limits. Although the drivers want to finish the race quickly, that is
not the main goal. The objective is to see how well the cars work under normal driving
conditions. Because of the World Solar Challenge, a new ___ in car making and driving is
beginning. People may ________ the solar cars because they look strange, but this is a
__________ that isn't going away. Using the technology from the vehicles, car makers
will eventually create solar cars for the rest of us.
UNIT 30 WORD LIST
□ ____
n. A ____ is a statement of money owed for goods or for a service.
I have so many ____ that I do not know how to pay them all.

□ ________
n. A ________ is the line where one area of land stops and another begins.
This fence shows the ________ between our yard and yours.

□ _____
n. _____ is a situation that is confusing and not ordered.
His presentation was in _____. I couldn't understand what he meant.

□ __________
adj. If a person is __________ they always have the same behavior or attitude.
Sara comes in every day and is our most __________ worker.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a large storm with heavy rain and winds that spin in a circle.
Hundreds of homes were damaged by the _______.

□ ______
adj. If someone or something is ______, they are going to fail or be destroyed.
Since I spent all my money, my date with Jane is ______.

□ ____
n. An ____ is a person who receives the money or property of someone who dies.
The princess was the ____ to the king and queen's throne.

□ _______
adj. If something is _______ it is related to fighting or war.
Karate is a _______ art that began many years ago in Japan.

□ _______
adj. If food is _______, it is grown without adding chemicals to it.
The _______ carrots are more expensive, but they're better for you.

□ _______
n. _______ is a bird, such as a chicken, that is used for meat and eggs.
He raises _______ and sells their meat for extra money.

□ ________
v. To ________ is to move somewhere quickly and desperately.
The hikers ________ down the side of the hill.

□ ________
n. A ________ is a soldier or police officer of middle rank.
He was promoted to ________ after a year in the army.

□ _____
adj. If you describe something as _____, it is complete and total.
I was impressed by her _____ dedication to jogging.

□ ______
n. A ______ is an attitude about an issue that someone states clearly.
My ______ is that using oil and gas is bad for the environment.

□ _________
n. A _________ is a method of sending electric messages on wires.
In the 1900s, the _________ was the fastest way to send a message.

□ _______
n. _______ is cloth that has been woven or knitted.
The blue _______ was going to be used to make blouses.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a tube-shaped formation of air that spins very quickly.
During a _______, the safest place to be is underground.

□ _______
n. A _______ is a large tropical storm that moves in circles.
Thousands of people lost electricity after a _______ hit Australia.

□ ____
v. To ____ is to show sadness by crying loudly.
The baby ____ because it was hungry.

□ ________
n. A ________ is the collection of all of a person's clothing.
She bought some new clothes to expand her ________.
30 The Heirs

Martin, Paul, and Tom were brothers. They were very different, but they were _________
about two things. They couldn't succeed in business, and they never agreed about
anything. Martin was a hardworking farmer, growing _______ vegetables and raising
_______. But he was disorganized and forgot to pay his _____. Paul owned a _______
factory that produced clothes. He was organized, but he was greedy and used too much for
his own clothing. His ________ was filled with his own products. Tom was once a ________
in the army. He ran a _______ arts school, but his ______ on discipline was too strong.
He had almost no students.

One day, they received a _________ saying that their father had died. They were _____ to
his old farm. They planned to sell it as soon as possible, so they went to see it even
though there was a terrible storm. The house didn't look great, but there was a lot of
land. There was so much, in fact, that they could barely see its ________.

Suddenly, the storm got worse. The _____ force of the wind almost knocked them over.
Martin said, "Look, it's a _______!" Paul said, "No, it's a _______." Tom said, "No,
it's a _______!" They argued until Paul began to ____ and said, "Whatever it is, it's
coming right at us! We're ______!" The three brothers _________ inside the old house.
Martin said, "If we survive, we must stop fighting. This farm could be great if we fixed
it up. With my hard work, Paul's organization, and Tom's discipline, we could run a
great business together!" The storm finally ended. And luckily, it didn't wreck the
farm.

"Just think," Martin said, "it took the _____ of a typhoon to bring us together." Paul
replied, "You mean a cyclone brought us together." Tom said, "Didn't I tell you both
that it was a tornado?" The brothers never agreed on what kind of storm it was, but by
combining their skills, they started a successful farm.