HPC 11

FUNDAMENTALS OF LODGING OPERATIONS

Lodging is one of the main sectors of Hospitality and Tourism Industry that provides guest
with accommodation and other services that the guest needs during their stay for a certain fee.
Such services include, but not limited to, food and beverage, health services like massage and
spa, gaming facilities and entertainment facilities. These guests are people who are temporarily
away from their homes, who travel either because business or leisure.
CLASSIFICATION OF LODGING FACILITIES
The type of accommodation facility helps the management decide on the organization and
department structures of an establishment. Lodging facilities can be categorized based on price,
location, market segment.
A. According to Price
1. Limited-service hotels
- Typically offers guest rooms only; guests get a room for the night, but not much
beyond that
- There is little or no public space, no meeting or function space, and usually no or
very limited food and beverage facilities
- Room rates are correspondingly lowest

2. Full-service hotels
- Offers its guests services such as bed turn-down, newspaper delivery, security
guards, wake-up calls, room service and a shuttle to and from an airport or other
nearby attractions
- Offers a wide range of facilities and amenities
- In comparison with budget/economy, it provides more public space and
meeting/function space, with at least one food and beverage facilities
- Room rates tend to be equal to or slightly above market-area average

3. Luxury hotels
- Offers a full array of services and amenities and features upscale décor and
furnishings that are unique to particular hotel

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 - Room rates are considerably above the market-area average

B. According to Location
1. Downtown hotel (Urban)
- Also known as Urban Hotel are lodging facility located at the heart of the city,
in business commercial and shopping districts.
2. Suburban hotel
- Located on the outskirts of a city or those that are located in the city but not in
the city proper.

3. Highway hotel
- Located in main roads connecting major towns or city.

4. Airport hotel
- Hotels near the airport
- Located outside the terminal but usually on airport property
- Mostly caters to transient airline passengers who may be catching another flight
to complete their journey and those passenger with cancelled or delayed flights

C. According to Market Segment

1. Resort
- Commonly located in picturesque setting designed for relaxation and vacationing
guests that provides customers comprehensive array of recreational activities and
accommodation facility.
There are several types of resort
a. Destination Resort
- A lodging whose inherent location and amenities attract visitors regardless of the
route needed to reach it and gives spectacular view of the object of interest. Visits
tend to be infrequent, usually once a year due to its distance from a home
community but it is located in a dramatic and desirable locations.
b. Non-destination Resort
- Visit is more frequent but usually for shorter period of time compared to destination
since travel time involve a two- to three-hour trip for visitors.
c. Seasonal Resort
- Indicating the time of the year when the resort is at a peak demand.

2. Casino hotels
- Hotels that have entertainment facilities in the premise that provide accommodation
mainly to guests interested in gambling.

3. Health Spa
- Provides amenities focusing in needs ranging from losing weight to reducing stress
to pamper oneself

4. Vacation ownership (time-shares or vacation intervals)

- Each room or suite is owned by several people, and they will arrange their visit time
to the management office in advance to ensure that the room is available.
5. Motel

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 - A structure with several separate units, located along the highway and road junctions
that caters to automobile traveler with individual or common parking space at which
the motorists may obtain lodging and, in some instances, meals. One of the basic
requirements for this type of facility is having a parking space adjacent to the room
where the guest is staying.

6. Hostel
- A hostel is typically a lower-priced accommodation option, suitable for those
operating on a lesser budget, or those who are attempting to reduce their travel costs.
It is a form of sociable accommodation, where multiple guests will rent beds in a
shared space, typically with communal bathroom and kitchen facilities.

7. Pension
- This is private or family-owned tourist accommodation similar to boarding house or
guesthouse. This facility is known for their informal family atmosphere, where
usually the home owner serves as the host and prepare meals upon request

8. Bed-and-Breakfast
- This is usually a small family business that takes responsibility of providing
comfortable rooms in a home-style environment and dining rooms serving as
breakfast venues. They provide a room, bath and a hearty breakfast to tourist/and/or

HOTEL GRADING (Rating/Classification)

1. The Diamond standard
- A rating system that uses diamond status to lodging facilities that demonstrate the
basic requirements of cleanliness, comfort and hospitality during an unannounced
inspection are designated as AAA/CAA Approved.
- This rating system is not commonly used as this classification is limited to the
members of American Automobile Association

2. The Star Classification System

- The star rating system is used to classify lodging facility according to their quality.
This helps guests identify what type of lodging facility they will be visiting and
what kind of services and amenities are available
- Ideally, the greater number of stars, the higher the quality of the services and more
guest amenities and facilities are provided. Although the system intends to serve as
guidelines for guests who are making hotel reservations and can be quite helpful,
it’s important to realize that these are LOOSE RATINGS and there is actually NO
STANDARDIZED STAR RATING SYSTEM in place. Meaning a five-star in our
country might not be rated the same if it is located in another country.
a. One Star
This is sometimes a small to medium-sized hotel operated and managed by the
owner and family. The ambiance is more personal and the guestrooms are filled
with basic amenities such as telephone and television. Restaurants are at a
walking distance, located outside the premise. Bellhop service is not usually
provided. There would be a small commercial area and a nearby public
transportation hub.

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 b. Two-Star
Often a 2-4 story building with a more personal atmosphere. It is usually located
nearby affordable attractions, major intersections and convenient to public
transportation. Furnishing and fixtures are clean but basic. A limited-service
restaurant may be on-site or a good low-priced dining may be available at a
walking distance.
c. Three-star
Typically, these hotels offer more spacious accommodations that include well-
appointed rooms and decorated lobbies. An on-site medium-sized restaurant
that typically offers all meals from breakfast through dinner is available. Valet
and room service, fitness center and a swimming pool are available.
d. Four-star
This hotel would be large, often standing as a part of a cluster of similar hotels
with a formal appearance and very good services such as reception, front desk
and bellhop. The hotel is most often located in the prime area of the city around
shopping, dining and entertainment joints where hotels of the same caliber can
be found. The guests can expect a well-furnished, well-lit and clean rooms,
several restaurants, room service, valet parking, fitness centers, concierge
services and one or more pools within the hotel premise.
e. Five-star
The property offers a high degree of personal service. Hotel of such caliber
would be large and luxurious, which offers the highest level of
accommodations. It is built with beautiful architecture, and is manages keeping
elegant and style in mind. The lobbies are sumptuous and the rooms are
complete with stylish furnishing and high-quality linens, television, bathtubs
and special outside view from the room. A multiple eating joints in its premise
such as coffee shops, restaurants and pool side snack bar are available 24/7 room
service, valet service and concierge are also provided

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