See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/333984412

Study on Ultra High Performance Concrete M150 -M200

Preprint · June 2019

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11884.00644

CITATION READS
1 6,331

1 author:

Naresh Kalaskar
Osmania University
4 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Naresh Kalaskar on 24 June 2019.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Study on Ultra High Performance Concrete
M150 – M200
K.Naresh Kumar – Research Scholar – OU College of Engineering – Osmania University

Introduction:
Since ancient time, mankind has been searching high strength, durability and energy absorption
for construction materials with higher and higher capacity compared with conventional concrete. It
performance so they can build taller, longer and is generally characterized by its superior
better structures. They probably started with compressive strength (higher than 150 MPa, or
mud, straw and wood because they were 21.7 ksi) and contains fiber reinforcement to
handily available. Mud brick and adobe decrease brittleness and enhance tensile
structures are still being built by native people in capacity. 3 The key behind UHPC’s excellent
many parts of the world. They can actually last a characteristics is high particle packing density.
long time, given that the weather is favorably dry
This is achieved by carefully tailoring the particle
in these areas.
sizes and gradations of all of its components
As a material on the leading edge of concrete and using a low water to cement ratio (lower
innovation, ultra high performance concrete than 0.25). As such, UHPC has an extremely
(UHPC) provides a new technology to expand a dense microstructure with low material porosity.
precaster’s business with new products and Figure 1.2 shows an example of dense particle
solutions. The material’s combination of superior packing. UHPC’s are typically made using
properties facilitates the ability to design thin, cement (substantially more than conventional
complex shapes, curvatures and highly concrete), superplasticizer and silica fume
customized textures – applications which are (Habel et al. 2006), and fine sands (maximum
difficult or impossible to achieve with traditional grain size of 0.8 mm). Typical sand-to-cement
reinforced concrete elements. ratio is around 1.4.
Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is UHPC Contains steel fibers to achieve ductile
among the most advanced and promising behavior in tension Possibly overcomes or
cementitious materials developed to date. It has minimizes the use of active or passive, Possibly
the potential to be a viable solution for improving
overcomes or minimizes the use of active or
the resilience and sustainability of buildings and
other infrastructure components because of its passive reinforcement. UHPC Has high binder
content which leads to absence of any capillary concrete. The material itself is therefore
porosity. Has direct tensile strengths generally available. The problem is the ease of application
>7 MPa (1,000 psi) andthe price.

Various tests have confirmed UHPC’s

performance in the laboratories. They show high The advantages of UHPC are numerous and
strength and durability. Theoretically, we are typically include reduced global costs such as
able to use it for daily applications, wherever
formwork, labor, maintenance and speed of
high strength and durability are beneficial. The
basic principle is to use stronger aggregates, construction. For more than a decade, UHPC
microsilica, and water reducing agents to raise has been used by innovative precasters
its strength, steel fibers to prevent brittle failure worldwide in ways that complement their
and polypropylene fibers to increase its fire existing businesses by expanding their product
resistance, and so forth. In general, with steam ranges to include new solutions for structural
curing, we are able to reach strength in the and/ or architectural markets. Applications
range of 200 Mpa or higher. The resulting
concrete basically meets all eight performance include bridge beams and decks, solid and
criteria of the FHWA for high performance perforated wall panels/facades, urban furniture,
louvers, stairs, large-format floor tiles, pipes and 50%; and full facades with complex shapes,
marine structures. curvatures and textures.

Need For the Research: UHPC has also been used in a variety of urban
furnishings. Because of its strength, impact
In present conditions in india usually we are resistance, durability and low maintenance
using grade of concrete up to 60-70 MPa. In my requirements, it is an excellent alternative to
study I want to work with the reach mixes like
M80/M90/M100 in the UHPC Segment. traditional materials. A range of elements, such
Simultaneously we are intended to study the as sculptures, benches, bollards and street
properties of UHPC while designing the reach furnishings, have been added to the product
mixes. offerings of traditional precast manufacturers.
The main principle of this technology is based Also, interior designers and precasters may
on systematic elimination of inherent create new, contemporary, lightweight, colored
weaknesses associated with conventional and textured products such as chairs, stairs and
concrete. The ductile behavior of this material is tiles for floors and walls.
a first for concrete, with the capacity to deform
and support flexural and tensile loads, even after Objective of The study:
initial cracking. These superior performance
characteristics are the result of improved micro The main objective of the study is to design the
structural properties of the mineral matrix and UHPC mix for M80/M90/M100. Also to study its
control of the bond between the matrix and the
flexural behavior by conducting test on RCC
fiber.
Beam with the above mixes. Also planning to
The optimization of granular, fibers and find out the UHPC Workability/Compressive
admixtures provide a very low porosity in a strength and Durability aspects it also includes
cement-based mineral granulometric matrix. The the finding out of Mechanical properties (Creep /
premix components consist of granular material Shrinkage /Fire & High Temperature) of the
with a diameter less than 1 mm, and a highly mixes.
reduced water-cement ratio (less than 0.25,
depending on the type of UHPC formulation). Scope:
Elimination of coarse aggregates, along with the
granular gradation and fiber aspect ratio, The mix design and properties assessment of
facilitates a high fiber content and isotropic Ultra-High Performance Concrete. The design of
dispersion. the concrete mixtures is based on the aim to
achieve a densely compacted cementitious
Due to UHPC’s plastic and hardened properties, matrix. One simple and efficient method for
plus the elimination of rebar, we can achieve producing the UHPC will be utilized in this study.
complex shapes that are extremely durable and Mix80/ Mix90/ Mix100 will be targeted, The
cost effective, and require little maintenance. higher end mix may attain the strength up to 110
The material replicates textures, form and shape Mpa including target mean strength The
with high precision and can be produced in a workability, air content, porosity, flexural and
range of long-lasting colors. It works well for compressive strengths of the designed UHPC
new, innovative concrete applications and are measured and analyzed. The results show
supports new trends in the industry. that by utilizing the improved packing model, it is
possible to design UHPC with a relatively low
With UHPC, we can offer new, innovative binder amount. Additionally, the cement
building envelope solutions for creative hydration degree of UHPC is calculated.
architects; for example: structural, decorative
perforated facades in mesh or lattice-style 1) To find out the exact workability picture
designs; ultra thin, lightweight panels with large of UHPC in different mix
surface areas and perforation rates that exceed proportions.
 2) To design the mix for a planned targeted consolidation. Air-entraining admixtures are not
strength and attain examine the used in UHPC.
strength parameters.
Accelerators
There are two types of accelerators that alter the
3) To find out the mechanical properties of
early strength characteristics of concrete in
UHPC
distinct ways. Set accelerators shorten the set
time, whereas strength accelerators speed up
4) To obtain the flexural behavior of the
early strength gain but do little to alter the initial
UHPC beam and slab for the
set characteristics. The dosage rate varies by
different mix designs say Mix80/
supplier. Calcium chloride accelerators are not
Mix90/ Mix100.
recommended, as the additional chlorides
The cement used in this study is Ordinary promote degradation of reinforcement and may
Portland Cement (OPC). A polycarboxylic ether promote drying shrinkage. The 28-day strength
based superplasticizer is used to adjust the of concrete with the incorporation of accelerating
workability of concrete. The limestone and admixtures may be slightly lower than mixes
quartz powder are used as fillers to replace without them.
cement. Two types of sand are used, one is
normal sand with the fractions of 0-2 mm and Storage of Raw Materials
the other one is micro-sand with the fraction 0-1 A dry, separate storage area for UHPC raw
mm. One type of commercial microsilica materials must be provided, as raw materials
(powder) is selected as pozzolanic material.
should not be exposed to moisture. Chemical
admixtures must not be exposed to freezing
Dry Materials temperatures.
The dry materials in UHPC are cement, silica
fume, ground quartz and silica sand. These Literature Review:
materials conform to the Mill Certificate
As understanding of the properties and behavior
specifications.
of concrete has accumulated, civil engineers
Fiber Reinforcement have developed high performance concrete
Architectural UHPC precast products are fiber materials displaying significant strength and
reinforced with PVA fibers having a minimum enhanced ductility, even in tension. Examples of
tensile strength of 140 ksi and a diameter of up concretes with enhanced tensile properties
to 300 microns. The PVA fibers conform to the include: Fiber Reinforced Concretes (FRC)
Mill Certificate specifications. (Brandt 2008), Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete
(SIFCON) (Naaman and Homrich 1989), Multi-
Water Scale Cement Composite (MSCC) (Rossi 1997),
Water should be potable (drinkable), but if not Hybrid Fiber Concretes (HFC) (Markovic 2006),
potable it must be free of contaminations such High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement
as oils, acids, salts, chlorides or other Composites (HPFRCC) (Naaman and Reinhardt
compounds that may be harmful to concrete. 2006), Engineered Cementitious Composite
(ECC) (Li et al. 2001, Li 2003) and Ultra High
Chemicals Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Admixtures for concrete are used to enhance (UHPFRC) (Wille et al. 2011b). As is clear from
and/or obtain certain properties of fresh and several of the names, these concretes listed
hardened UHPC. High-range water reducers are above are reinforced with fibers (polymeric
essential to UHPC for providing the plasticizing or/and steel); i.e., they derive some of their
effects, allowing the concrete to flow to self enhanced performance through the addition of
fibers. Fiber reinforced concretes resist tensile
stress through composite action between the Although UHP-FRC has exceptional material
cement matrix and the embedded fibers. The properties, its cost is significantly higher than
transmission of forces between these two that of normal strength concretes. High material
components occurs through interfacial bonding. cost (about 35 times the cost of regular
After cracking of the cement matrix, fibers bridge concrete) coupled with complicated and costly
the cracks, providing resistance to crack construction procedures have hindered the
opening and enhancing structural behavior and widespread adoption of UHPC in the US
durability. Many researchers have recently (Graybeal 2013). An alternative UHPC that was
contributed to the characterization of the tension developed by Wille et al. (2011b) has the
behavior of these concrete materials. potential to remove all practical obstacles
preventing widespread adoption of UHPC in the
Examples of such research efforts can be found US, and is estimated to cost about one-fifth of
in Dugat et al. (1996), Li et al. (2001), Fischer et similar commercial UHPC products. Although
al. (2002), Naaman (2002), Parant (2003), Wille some tests have been conducted to characterize
et al. (2011b), Wille and Parra-Montesinos this 11 material’s static response (Wille et al.
(2012). Among the most promising of the new 2011a, Wille and Naaman 2012, Wille and
cementitious materials is UHP-FRC. Although ParraMontesinos 2012, Wille et al. 2014), its
different researchers have defined UHPC and dynamic response has yet to be explored.
UHP-FRC using several criteria (Rossi 2008,
Graybeal 2011, Naaman and Wille 2012), Proposed Experimental Work:
American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee
239 suggests the following definition: “Concrete, The manufacture of UHPC elements presents
ultra-high performance - concrete that has a the industry with new challenges and
minimum specified compressive strength of 150 opportunities. Recognizing that production
MPa (22,000 psi) with specified durability, methods must be reassessed for UHPC
tensile ductility and toughness requirements; production, it is a fundamental change to
fibers are generally included to achieve specified conventional manufacturing processes. For
requirements.” instance, precasters are required to review their
current batching methods, casting techniques,
There appears to be consensus in the research molding expertise and handling techniques.
literature that well designed UHPFRC can be
highly durable against chemical attack, freeze- Batching
thaw cycles, abrasion, and chloride penetration To date, many different UHPC product
(Graybeal 2006; Pfeifer et al. 2009; Graybeal formulations have been successfully batched in
2011), and therefore there is strong interest in various mixers, ranging from a small two-bag
exploring its material properties. Recent work mixer to a fully automated batching plant. The
suggests that the mechanical and durability mixing efficiency and mixing performance
properties of UHP-FRC make it an ideal depends on: the type and speed of the mixer;
candidate for use in developing new solutions to requested mixing time by the precaster; and the
pressing concerns about infrastructure required UHPC volume for precast production.
deterioration, repair, and replacement (Graybeal When setting up the batch plant for UHPC at a
2009). Since 2000, when UHP-FRC became precast facility, the introduction of raw materials
commercially available in the United States, a into the mixer must be considered. The key to
series of projects have demonstrated the very producing high-quality UHPC products is very
high capabilities of the material (Bierwagen and precise proportion control of raw materials,
AbuHawash 2005, Keierleber et al. 2008, Wipf temperature control and optimization of the
et al. 2009, Rouse et al. 2011). mixer’s performance requirements.
For the most efficient and consistent mixing of content of the plastic matrix. Self-leveling UHPC
UHPC, high shear mixers have been used formulations have no internal shear in the plastic
successfully, especially counter-current pan state and behave similar to self-consolidating
mixers, which can provide accelerated mixing concrete. This creates challenges when
times. These high shear mixers disperse water developing formworks that are completely
and admixtures onto the cement particles enclosed with tight tolerances, as well as
without heating the mix through kinetic energy opportunities for the precaster to offer a new
generated by the mixing process. range of products with almost any surface
texture on all sides of the element.
Others, such as mortar, horizontal shaft or pan
mixers have also been used, but they are For accurate mold design, any potential
generally slower. The precaster should therefore deflections and initial UHPC shrinkage must be
consider the tradeoffs of mixing time, batch considered. Specific molding details are all
critical success factors to consider when
volume and material placement. Prior to
designing, building and using formworks. Some
dedicating a mixer for UHPC production, it is of these specific details include:
recommended to calibrate the mixer by
measuring mixing time and flow characteristics • Release agents
• Type of molding materials
of UHPC and comparing the compressive
• Methods of release during initial shrinkage
strength to reference strength requiring larger • Orientation
volumes, mixing procedures have been • Mold support
perfected to allow batching of UHPC in ready
Since UHPC replicates surfaces with great
mix concrete trucks.
precision, the selection of the mold material is
When setting up the batching facility for UHPC based on the expected surface outcome. The
manufacturing, precasters must consider how following molding materials have been used
each of the materials is weighed and successfully in the manufacture of various
proportioned prior to mixing. Accurate UHPC precast elements: steel, silicone, lexan,
proportioning is essential in successful batching polyurethane, Teflon, glass and wood with
of UHPC. The dry material is added first to the epoxy painted surfaces.
mixer, then the water and liquid
Placing
superplasticizers are introduced. Once the batch
The casting sequence of architectural UHPC
is fluid, the weighed fibers are added to the
precast elements should be planned in order to
mixer. When turning the UHPC formulation from
achieve an appropriate preferential fiber
dry to liquid stage, significant energy is required
orientation. Molds are filled slowly to prevent
by the mixer. Therefore, batch sizes are often
entrapped air. No internal vibration is permitted.
reduced, from 40% to 75% of the recommended
Limited external vibration can be used to aid in
size by the mixer manufacturer. Prior to placing
air removal. Do not allow excessive external
of UHPC, the mixer may be slowed down in
vibration, as PVA fibers may float to the surface.
order to allow entrapped air to escape due to the
Filling of the molds should be completed in a
high-speed mixing. Entrapped air may lead to a
continuous casting process by following behind
weaker matrix and poor surface finish of the
the leading edge of the UHPC.
precast element.
When placing the self-leveling UHPC material
Forming
into formworks, it is important to take advantage
Successful execution of a precast UHPC project
of its fluid characteristics. When discharged from
depends on the design of the molds and the
a concrete bucket onto flat-surface molds,
procedures developed to use them. Traditional
UHPC will create a mass of material that will
hand screeding and finishing of UHPC is not
spread itself throughout the form. By moving the
normally used due to its high flow and fiber
discharge point at a rate such that it always
stays behind the “leading edge” of the flow Specimens will be tested on CTM for it’s
(Figure 4), the mold can be filled in one compressive strength and later on tested for its
continuous motion. This is important, because if flexural behavior on beams and slabs casted
UHPC flows meet each other, there will be with the targeted mix.
minimal fibers bridging the junction, resulting in
a weak plane. Due to the material’s fluid Conclusion:
characteristics and fiber dispersion, it cannot be
This paper summarizes several steps in the
finished the same way as traditional concrete
development of UHPC using local materials. The
(such as raking, troweling or brooming). After
conclusions drawn during the course of this work
placement, any exposed surfaces must be
are:
covered in order to prevent dehydration.
1. UHPC was developed with materials locally
UHPC’s high flow properties also permit special
available to produced a compressive strength of
casting techniques such as injection and
100 MPa and a flexural strength of 20 MPa.
displacement methods to create sophisticated
forms and shapes that cannot be achieved with 2. The strength properties of UHPC produced
conventional casting techniques. with local materials were similar to those
provided by prepackaged, commercially
Displacement casting is another method that
available products such as Ductal.
offers new opportunities for precasters. This
process is completed by depositing the precise 3. Prolonging the mixing period increased the
volume of material needed, and then introducing workability of the mixtures.
the top portion of the mold. This will displace the
plastic material into the shape of the casting. If 4. Specimens cured with oven drying attained
the entry points of the secondary form are greater strength than specimens that were moist
controlled, it is possible to move the plastic cured or cured in 50°C water bath. the formation
UHPC in directions that will influence fiber of secondary calcium silicate hydrate from the
orientation and facilitate the release of pozzolanic reaction of silica fume when the
entrapped air. For a high-quality surface specimens were kept in an oven at 392°F
appearance, molds must be filled slowly to (200°C) for two days prior to the testing.
prevent entrapped air; also, control of the fluid’s
rheology minimizes segregation of the fibers. 5. Compressive strength of fiber reinforced
UHPC was greater than the compressive
Curing strength is satisfactory at all ages. The
Architectural precast UHPC elements are percentage increases in compressive strength
typically removed from the mold after final set due to steel fibers at 7, 14, and 28 days is in
has been reached (11,000 psi). If the elements good ratio.
have structural requirements, they can be
thermally treated after setting and demolding. 6. The flexural strength of UHPC containing
This process requires the UHPC precast steel fibers was 68% greater than the flexural
element to be exposed to 140 F at 95% relative strength of UHPC that did not contain fibers.
humidity for 72 hours. This allows the hardened
7. The targeted strengths has be achieved for
architectural UHPC element to reach its ultimate
proposed mix designs of UHPC.
strength and durability characteristics by
hydrating all of the free water within the matrix.
Thermal treatment also provides improved
dimensional stability of the product.
 References: Cement and Concrete Research, 29 (3), 323-329.
Richard, P., and Cheyrezy, M. (1995).
Collepardi, S., Coppola, L., Troli, R., and “Composition of Reactive Powder Concrete.”
Collepardi, M. (2007). “Mechanical Properties of Cement and Concrete Research, 25 (7), 1501-
Modified Reactive Powder Concrete.” 1511. 2010
www.encosrl.it/enco%20srl%20ITA/servizi/pdf/
high/12.pdf. Dili, A. S., and Santhanam, M. Concrete Sustainability Conference 10 ©
(2004). National Ready Mixed Concrete Association
Richard, P., and Cheyrezy, M. H. (1994).
“Investigations on Reactive Powder Concrete: A
Developing Ultra High Strength Technology.” “Reactive Powder Concretes with High Ductility
The Indian Concrete Journal, 78 (4), 33-38. de and 200-800 MPa Compressive Strength.” in
Lerrard, F., and Sedran, T. (1994). “Optimization Mehta, P.K. (Ed.), Concrete Technology:
of Ultra-High Performance Concrete by the Use
of a Packing Model.” Past, Present and Future, Proceedings of the V.
Mohan Malhotra Symposium, ACI SP 144-24,
Cement and Concrete Research, 24 (6), 997- 507-518. Detroit: Victoria Wieczorek. Roux, N.,
1009. Ferraris, C.F., and de Larrard, F. (1998). Andrade, C., and Sanjuan, M. A. (1996).
“Testing and Modeling of Fresh Concrete “Experimental Study of Durability of Reactive
Rheology.” Building and Fire Research Powder Concretes.”
Laboratory, No. NISTIR 6094,
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 8 (1),
National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1-6. Shaheen, E., and Shrive, N. J. (2006).
Gaithersburg, MD, 1-61. Matte, V., and “Optimization of Mechanical Properties and
Moranville, M. (1999). “Durability of Reactive Durability of Reactive Powder Concrete.” ACI
Powder Composites: Influence of Silica Flume on Materials Journal, 103 (6), 444-451. Table 1.
the Leaching Properties of Very Low Mixture proportions (by fraction
Water/Binder Pastes.”

Cement and Concrete Composites, 21, 1-9.

Reda, M.M., Shrive, N.G., and Gillott, J.E. (1999).
“Microstructural Investigation of Innovative
UHPC.”

View publication stats