FIRST TERM

PREPOSITIONS
Choose the correct prepositions-

1. Distribute these sweets among/ with/ between the boys.

2. The ladder is leaning for/ towards/ against the wall.
3. It has been raining along/ since/ for morning.
4. I have been studying for/ since/ by two hours.
5. A flock of birds is flying on/ between/ over the trees.
6. She wore a scarf around/ on/ of her neck.
7. The train passes through/ in/ under the tunnel.
8. What is the time in/ on/ by your watch?
9. The little boy fell below/ of/ off the horse.
10. This documentary is of/ about/ for a baby dinosaur.
11. Besides/ beside yoga classes, he also goes for dance classes.

Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.

1. The gold chain is _____________ the jewellery box.
2. The boy is hiding _____________________ the door.
3. I will be in Chennai ___________________ the weekend.
4. I am going _________ Jaipur ________ Udaipur the next week.
5. The baby crawled ______________its mother.
6. The girls are walking ___________________ the river.
7. I have been working on this project ____________ the end of
June.
8. Danish walked quickly _________________ the woods to reach
his uncle’s village before the sunset.
9. The fork is placed _____________ the spoon on the table.
10. The Taj Mahal is situated __________________ the banks of
the river Yamuna.

11. Mike ran ______________ the road to pick up his ball.

12. He went __________ the room looking for his friend.
13. The police ran ____________ the thief but couldn’t catch him.
14. It’s freezing. It must be two degree __________ zero.
15. The friendship __________ the two boys strengthened over
the past few years.
16. The famous poet was born _______ the 12th of May _______
1867.
17. The question took him __________ surprise.
18. The gardener collected the dry leaves ____________ a rake.
19. He is very fond _____________ watching T.V.
20. Nira was leaning ___________ a tree with a book in her hand.
 ARTICLES
Fill with suitable articles:

1. ____ students of this class are very obedient

2. Tony is ____ honest boy.
3. I will finish ___ work given by you.
4. ____ Taj Mahal is _____ architectural marvel.
5. This is ________ unique coin.
6. He met ____ one-eyed man in his office.
7. I borrowed ___ book from the library. ____ book is full of
pictures.
8. He plays _____ violin very well.

9. ____unicorn is ___imaginary creature.

10. I need ____ empty carton.

OMISSION OF ARTICLES
• Before material nouns
Eg. Clothes are made of cotton and silk.
• Before abstract nouns used in general sense.
Eg. Honesty is the best policy.
• Before proper nouns.
Eg. Arjit Singh is a popular singer.
• Before names of languages.
Eg. I studied Russian last year.
• Before names of games, diseases, arts and sciences.
Eg. The children are playing hockey.
 Malaria is caused by a mosquito.
He knows Hindi well.
• Before names of subjects, months and seasons, meals.
Eg. Mathematics is a difficult subject.
January is the first month of the year.

Fill suitable articles where necessary. Put (X) where no article is

required.
1. We should not judge ____ book by its cover.
2. Have you been to ____ Qutub Minar?
3. Too much _____ sugar is bad for health.
4. My neighbour has bought _____ European car recently.
5. ____ Laughter is _____ best medicine.
6. ____ Titanic was hit by _____ huge iceberg.
7. She has got _______ M.B.A degree from ____university in
____US.
8. ._____ Mt. Everest is in ______Nepal.
9. ____ Newton was _____ great scientist.
10. It is _____ honour to meet _____ President.
11. Sania Mirza plays _____ tennis.
12. ____ cow is ____ useful animal. It gives us ____ milk.
13. ____ tea in my cup is too hot to drink.
14. I liked _____ second chapter of this book.
15. His uncle is ____ MLA.
 JUMBLED SENTENCES
Rearrange the following words to form meaningful
sentences

1. shares/ with/ Nikita/ lunch/ friends/ her/ always/ her

____________________________________________________

2. road/ careful/ the/ be/ while/ crossing

____________________________________________________

3. the / did/ vacation/ where/ for/ you/ summer/ go

____________________________________________________

4. is/ sad/ how/ news/ this

____________________________________________________

5. immediately/ room/ clean/ your/ please

____________________________________________________

6. seen/ anywhere/ have/ diary/ my/ you

____________________________________________________

7. party/ met/ school/ his/ uncle/ friends/ reunion/ my/ the/at

____________________________________________________
8. you/ will/ meet/ grandparents/ be/ your/ to/ happy
 ____________________________________________________

9. play/ an/ what/ was/ it/ interesting

____________________________________________________
10. start/ healthy/ do/ your/ with/ breakfast/ you/ day/ a
____________________________________________________

11. the/ is/ all/ Jupiter/ of/ largest/ planets/ the

____________________________________________________

12. you/ what/ made/ have/ mess/ a

____________________________________________________

13. be/ towards/ should/ cruel/ we/ animals/ not

____________________________________________________

14. umbrella/ always/ carry/ she/ does/ an/ her/ with

____________________________________________________

15. twice/ she/ yesterday/ me/ called

____________________________________________________
 CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction is a word which is used to join words, phrases,
clauses, or sentences.
Some important conjunctions are AND, BUT, OR, IF, BECAUSE,
UNTIL, UNLESS, THOUGH, YET, ALTHOUGH, AS.

Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions-

1. Do not come out of the classroom___________ the bell rings.

2. I have to go _____________ my mother is waiting for me.
3. The sun shone brightly ___________ the rain was over.
4. Rohan is short ___________ he runs very fast.
5. Vishal is busy__________ he won’t be able to join the party.
6. I like to play cricket, ___________ I don’t like to do bowling.
7. We went to Nainital ___________ had a great time.
8. Ria won’t go to the party ______________ Dia invites her.
9. _______________ he tried his best, he could not find a job.
10. Work hard ______________ you will fail in the examination.
11. I will let you know ______________I change my mind.
12. ______________ I was tired, I kept walking.
Join these sentences using conjunctions:

1. Ruhi deserves the award. She has worked hard for it.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Try hard. You will fail.
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. Balu is a good bowler. Vithal is a good bowler.
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
4. You will not be granted leave. You apply in time.
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
5. You run fast. You can catch the train.
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
6. Rohini lives near the office. She always walks to work.
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
7. The patient had died. The doctor came.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
8. He is poor. He is honest.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
9. The night was dark. The night was silent.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
10. Brush your teeth .You go to bed.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
 PUNCTUATION

Punctuation is a system of using special marks, in writing, to divide

phrases and sentences, to make the meaning clear.
Some important punctuation marks are: full stop (.) question mark (?)
mark of exclamation (!) quotation marks (“ ”) comma (,)

Capital Letters- (A B C D ….)

Use comma (,) and Quotation marks ( “ ”) where required:

1. Isha said My father’s office is very far from here.

______________________________________________________
2. No I have not seen the Taj Mahal.
______________________________________________________
3. Did the children see tigers lions monkeys giraffes and
rhinoceroses at the zoo?
______________________________________________________
4. Father said Chandigarh is a beautiful place.
______________________________________________________
5. Sakshi said Shut the door.
______________________________________________________
6. Yes she has submitted her project.
______________________________________________________
7. Neha go and get some ribbons.

______________________________________________________
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. how deep the pond is
________________________________________________________
2. the mall has many stores salons restaurants and gyms
________________________________________________________
3. wow what an amazing seaside view this is
________________________________________________________
4. yes i will attend your birthday party
_______________________________________________________
5. she said pawani and i are best friends
________________________________________________________
6. may i go out to play mom
______________________________________________________
7. alas their pet dog is no more
________________________________________________________
8. thank you sir
_______________________________________________________
9. mr sharma has been living in the u s a for five years
________________________________________________________
10. these children can draw paint sing and dance
________________________________________________________
11. dr vineet said it is an honour to address this gathering
________________________________________________________
12. The manager said sir we got this tea from darjeeling
________________________________________________________
 ADVERBS

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb (he sings loudly), an adjective

(very tall), or another adverb (ended too quickly).

Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.

1. I had been to the zoo yesterday.

2. Monica is rarely absent.

3. She wrote the paragraph neatly.

4. He is quite strong.
5. The shop is located upstairs.
6. The Kapoors usually spend their winters here.
7. I will watch a movie today.
8. The soldiers marched forward.
9. I completely agree with your ideas.
10. The boys are waiting outside.
Fill in the blanks with the adverbs given in the box.

hardly carefully almost nowhere always early

o
extremely excitedly tomorrow never

1. They carried the heavy box ________________.

2. We love nature. We __________________ go for a nature walk

on Sundays.

3. It is ____________________ hot today.

4. I _________________________ meet him nowadays.

5. The boat was anchored and went _______________________.

6. The meeting will be held __________________________.

7. The flight arrived ten minutes _________________.

8. He has ________________________ disobeyed his teachers.

9. Rony jumped _______________ when he saw his friend.

10. My work is ________________ finished.

 Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences

There are different types of sentences:

a) Simple b) Compound c) Complex

Each sentence is defined by the use of independent & dependent

clauses and conjunctions.

SIMPLE SENTENCE COMPOUND SENTENCE COMPLEX SENTENCE

• Contains a subject and a • Contains two or more • Contains an

predicate. independent clauses. independent and a
• Clauses are joined by a dependent clause.
• Expresses a complete
coordinating conjunction. • Dependent clause
thought.
Examples: begins with a
Examples: subordinating
• The boys went to the park conjunction.
• The boys went to the but did not play.
park. • We like pizza and burger. Examples:
• We like pizza.
TIP : The boys went to the
park because they
Look for the Coordinating
A SIMPLE SENTENCE IS wanted to play hockey.
Conjunctions
ALSO CALLED AN TIP :
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.
Look for the subordinating
conjunctions like:

after, before, because, if,

although, when, since, that,
unless, whenever, while etc.
 Determine if each sentence is Simple, Compound or
Complex. The first one is done for you.

SENTENCES SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLEX

1. We enjoyed the party last night. ✓

2. The box was heavy so I could not lift

it.
3. He has a lot of money, yet he never
buys anything for himself.
4. They took a lot of pictures when
they visited the Taj Mahal.
5. It will be better if you hear the full
story.
6. I like listening to classical music.

7. I found a wounded dog while I was

walking on the street.
8. She went to the garden and watered
the plants.
9. An octopus has eight legs.

10. No one came for the match

because it was raining.
11. Although he was late, he wasn’t
punished.
12. We turned off the lights after my
mother told us to go to sleep.
 PARAPHRASING
Paraphrasing is using your own words to express someone else’s
message or idea.

In a paraphrase, ideas and meaning of the original source must be

maintained. The main ideas need to come through but the wording
has to be your own.

➢ Read the original passage until you understand its full meaning.
➢ Identify the main points and keywords.
➢ Put the original aside and try to write the main ideas in your
own words.
➢ Change words or phrases that match the original too closely.
Read the passage carefully and paraphrase it.

Baba Amte was born in 1914. He was a well-known Indian social

worker and social activist. He was compassionate and sensitive. As
a child, he often ate with the servants and played with poor
children despite his parents’ disapproval. He studied law and
started practicing as a lawyer. He participated in Indian Freedom
struggle. He dedicated all his life for the care of lepers and weaker
sections of the society. In 1949, Babe Amte founded the famous
Anandwan Ashram for the rehabilitation of lepers. Anandwan
houses over 5000 people now.

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 UNSEEN PASSAGE
Puppetry is an ancient form of theatre and entertainment practised
mostly in the villages of India. It is, in fact, a combination of several
art forms like sculpture, painting, acting, writing and music. It is an
art which enchants children as well as adults.

A large variety of raw materials are used to create puppets. The

famous puppets of Rajasthan are made out of wood and are known
as kathputli. Leather, papiermache and stuffed cloth are also
frequently used to make puppets.

Puppets are classified according to the material they are made from
or the method of controlling them, for example, hand puppets,
string puppets, rod puppets and shadow theatre. In India, after the
puppets become old and worn out, they are not thrown away but
kept at home carefully like ageing relatives. The stories enacted by
the puppets are influenced by the epics - Ramayana and
Mahabharata, the Panchtantra stories and the glorious tales of past
warriors and heroes.
The islands of Bali and Sumatra in Indonesia also have a rich
tradition of puppetry. Japan is famous for its puppet theatre called
‘Bunraku’, in which huge dolls almost 150cm tall are animated and
skillfully manipulated by several puppeteers.
Q1. Where is puppetry mostly practised in India?
a) Big cities
b) Villages
c) Towns
Q2. Kathputlis are puppets from______
a) Punjab
b) Indonesia
c) Rajasthan
Q3. What is done by the worn-out puppets in India?

a) They are kept carefully.

b) They are thrown away.
c) They are given to the beggars.

Q4. What is the puppet theatre form of Japan called?

a) Panchtantra
b) Bunraku
c) Kathputli

Q5. What is the source of the stories told in India through puppetry?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Q6. Find words from the passage which means the same as:

a) attracts : _________________
b) controlled : _________________

Q7. State true or false

a) Adults do not enjoy puppetry ____

b) In ‘Bunraku’, puppets may be almost 150cm tall. ______

 UNSEEN PASSAGE

Red foxes live around the world in diverse habitats including forests,
grasslands, mountains, deserts, farms and even built-up areas in
towns. They can adapt to different environments. Red foxes are
smart, cunning and intelligent.

Their diet can be flexible and will usually include insects, slugs,
worms and small rodents. They can be active at any time of the day,
but appear to hunt most often during dawn and dusk.

At birth, red foxes are actually brown or grey. A new red coat usually
grows in by the end of the first month, but some red foxes are
golden, reddish-brown, silver or even black. The foxes usually hunt
alone but live in family groups. Each group consists of a fox, a vixen
and their cubs. Both parents care for their young ones throughout
the summer before the cubs leave in the autumn to live on their
own. During the winter months, the fox spends its time in its den,
which is always near a source of water – such as a stream or a pond.

Like a cat’s tail, the thick tail of the fox aids its balance, but it has
other uses as well. The tail is used by the fox as a flag to
communicate with other foxes. Foxes also signal to each other by
making scent posts – leaving their smell on trees or rocks to
announce their presence.

Foxes have adapted well to the life in towns over the last fifty years,
and are found across London and other cities in the UK. When in
urban areas, foxes adopt a nocturnal (active at night) life in order to
avoid association with humans. They prosper because they find
plentiful food and shelter in people’s gardens, yards and other open
spaces.
Q1. How do foxes communicate with each other?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

Q2. Why do foxes adopt a nocturnal life while they are in urban areas?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

Q3. Complete the sentence-

Red foxes live around the world in_______________________
_________________________________________________
Q4. Find out from the passage the word which means ‘available in
large amounts or numbers’ ______________
Q5. State true or false-
a) The foxes are not found in cities. ____________
b) Red foxes usually hunt alone. ______________
 UNSEEN PASSAGE

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.

Like human beings, animals also need to communicate to survive.

Unlike humans they cannot speak. Instead, they use their body
movements, their sense of hearing and smell to receive and send
information to each other. The howls of wolves, the croaking of
frogs, the chirping of birds, the wagging of a dog’s tail – these are all
examples of animal communication. Gestures and body movements
are the most common ways of communicating among animals.
Animals often make specific body movements to send certain
messages.
Animals use visual signals in the form of facial expressions or mimicry
to communicate. Apes and monkeys make great use of facial
expressions to show their feelings. Animals also use a range of
sounds to communicate. Vocal communication is essential for many
important tasks like detecting preys, communicating locations of
food sources, etc.
Most animals also have a strong sense of smell and can detect
specific scents over long distances. They use scents to warn off
predators and to attract prey. Snakes have a very unusual way of
detecting scents. They use their tongue to pick up scent particles in
the air.
Apart from these common ones, some animals have unique methods
for transmitting messages. Electrocommunication is one such
example. It is mostly seen in aquatic animals. Some fishes send
electric signals as messages. The glowing of fireflies is another way of
communication. Asiatic wild dogs depend on whistling for
communication. The songbirds like cuckoo, robin and magpie make
the most beautiful sounds in nature to communicate with each
other.
Q1. How do animals use visual signals to communicate?
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Q2. How do the songbirds communicate?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Q3. Complete the sentence-

a) Snakes use their tongue________________________________

________________________________________________________.

Q4. Choose the correct word (given from the passage) which means
‘an action or sound that sends a particular message’.
a) signal b) survive

Q5. State true or false:

a) Animals often make specific body movements to send certain
messages. ________

b) Electrocommunication is mostly seen in land animals. ________

 CLOZE GAP
I. hurry down cut depend
rushed water conservation hugged
In 1972, villagers from Gopeshwar in Uttar Pradesh faced loggers
coming to cut ______ trees in the forest. They _____ into the forest
shouting, “Chipko! Chipko!” and _____ the trees. They dared the
loggers to kill them before they started to ________ the trees. The
loggers left in a _______. Thus began the Chipko Movement for
_________ of forests. Over the years, it has grown in strength.
Women from the Himalayas form its backbone since they ________
on the forests for their fodder, fuel and ___________.

II. cultivating high considered key

opportunities progress few words

A punctual person is held in ________ esteem by others. Everyone

trusts a punctual person because he keeps his _______. Sometimes
people have lost ______________ in life by being late by only a
__________ minutes. In society, unpunctuality is __________ to be
akin to rudeness. Punctuality is always the _________ to success. If
we want to ____________, we should acquire it by steadfastly
____________ it in our daily life.
SECOND TERM
 ADJECTIVES

Types of Adjectives

1. Adjective of Quality
2. Adjective of Quantity
3. Adjective of Number
4. Demonstrative Adjective
5. Interrogative Adjective
6. Possessive Adjectives

Identify the adjectives in the following sentences-

1. The rich man donated all the clothes.

2. Their car is parked in the parking lot.

3. Such people are quarrelsome.

4. Which way did she go?

5. Give me some food.

6. Whose book are you carrying?

7. Those students participated in the exhibition.

8. My bag is very expensive.

9. The spider has eight legs.

10.She topped the exam and secured the first position.

11. I have much work to do.

12. This candy is sweet in taste.

13. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
 14. Are there enough students to finish that work?
15. Is she wearing your necklace?
Degrees of Comparison-
Fill in the blanks with the correct degree of the adjectives given

1. Neha is as _______________ as her sister. (smart)

2. Which is the _______________________ sum of all in this
question paper? (difficult)
3. She has ___________________ clothes than I have. (many)
4. I love to follow the __________________ trends in fashion.
(late)
5. Mrinalini is the ______________ of the two girls in her family.
(thin)
6. This is the _______________ earthquake of the year. (bad)
7. Today is the _________________ day of the season. (hot)
8. My sister is _______________ than your brother. (old)
9. Charles Dickens is a ___________________ writer. (famous)
10. Which do you think is a _______________ dress – the white
one or the red one? (good)
11. John is the _________________ of the three. (tall)
12. Geri is ___________________ than her cousin. (intelligent)
13. He is the ___________________ boy I’ve ever seen. (strong)
14. Roses are _________________ than lilies. (lovely)
15. Dogs are the _________________ loving of all the pets. (much)
 PRESENT TENSE
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

We use (V1 or V1 + s/es form of the verb)

Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense form of the given

verbs.

1. Tom always ___________ new ways to do things. (find)

2. My brother ___________ cartoon every Sunday
morning.(watch)
3. A frog is an animal that___________ both on land and in
water.(live)
4. _________ your grandfather___________ newspaper
everyday?(read)
5. My mum___________ Spanish in my school.(teach)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Progressive) TENSE

(We use is/am/are + V1+ing)

Fill in the blanks with the Present Continuous tense form of the

verb.

1. ________________ you _________________ to ride these

days? (learn)
2. The baby________________ at the moment.(sleep)

3. He _________________ in Rome at the moment. (stay)

 4. Who __________that girl _________________ near the table?

(stand)
5. I _________________ a new language nowadays. (learn)

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We use has/have + V3.

Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect Tense form of the verb.

1. ___________ he ever___________ Rugby? (play)

2. I can’t get in. I___________ my key. (lost)
3. I___________ to China three times. (travel)
4. My sister ___________ already ___________ this movie on TV
many times. (see)
5. I’m nervous. I ___________ never___________ in a plane.(fly)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

This tense is used to describe an action that began in the past

and is still continuing.

‘Since’ and ‘For’ are used with the Present Perfect continuous
(progressive) Tense.

‘Since’ is used with a point of time. We say since morning,

since Monday, since 1985 etc.

‘For’ is used with a period of time. It denotes ‘a length of time

till now’. We say for three hours, for many days, for several
years etc.
 We use has / have + been + V1+ing form of the verb.

Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect Continuous Tense form of

the verb.

1. The dog __________________________ all night. (bark)

2. We __________________________ of buying this house since

last year.(think)

3. Annie __________________________ her homework for three

hours .(do)

4. They _________________________ football for an hour.(play)

5. It __________________________ all day! (rain)

Fill in the blanks with the correct Present Tense form of the verb.

1. Rahim was 120 kg. Now he’s 80. He ___________ weight. (lost)

2. Honey _________________ sweet. (be)

3. They ________________ since five o’clock. (work)

4. Look! The thief _____________________ away with your

bag.(run)

5. I ___________ already ___________ my teeth.(brush)

 6. ______________ you ______________ piano regularly? (play)

7. _________________ you _________________ with us right

now? (come)

8. The baby ___________________________ for one hour.(cry)

9. The earth _________________ around the sun. (revolve)

10. I do not __________________ Mathematics. (like)

11. I _________________________ to see a movie tonight. (go)

12. He _________________ T.V. most evenings. (watch)

 Past Tense
Simple Past Tense-

Rule- Subject + V2 form of the verb

Fill in the blanks with simple past tense form of the verbs given:

1. Last year, I ______ not ____________ to Korea. (travel)

2. They _____________ a meeting with all the colleagues
yesterday. (has)
3. I _____________________a movie on television last night.
(watch)
4. We ____________________ that place last year. (leave)
5. ___________ Riya _________________ the letter yesterday?
(post)
6. An accident __________________ place in front of our house
last Friday. (take)

Past Continuous Tense-

Rule- SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + V1 ING

Fill in the blanks with the past continuous form of the verbs given
in the brackets:

1. What _________ you ________________ when he arrived?

(do)

2. She ____________________ when the phone rang. (cook)

3. I met Ravi when I ________________ to school. (go)
 4. He _________________his project work when Ram entered the
room. (complete)
5. My brother found his belt while he _____________________
for his lost book. (look)

Past Perfect Tense- The past perfect tense is used for that activity
which began and concluded before another took place.

Eg- a) After he had sailed for many days, the mariner reached the
coast.

b) The train had left before Rohan reached the station.

Rule- Subject + had + V3 form of the verb

Fill in the blanks with the past perfect form of verb:

1. The bell ________________ before I reached the school. (ring)

2. He __________________ his bike before he went to the market.
(clean)
3. After they ____________________ the flowers, they ran away.
(pluck)
4. I came here after you ____________________. (leave)

Fill in the blanks with suitable form of past tense:

1. ___________ she _____________ your gift? (like)

2. My mother ___________________when I returned home.
(sleep)
3. She ________________ a letter to her father last
evening.(write)
4. The match _________________before I
__________________the playground. (begin, reach)
5. I __________________ my work before the holidays came to
an end, so I _________ not worried. (complete, be)
6. She __________never _____________such a terrible sight
before. (see)
7. The old lady ____________________the Gita when the
postman __________________ at the door. (read, knock)
8. Renu ______________ a cake after she
_______________________ from the market. (bake, return)
9. The gardener ____________________ the plants while my pets
______________________ in their kennel. ( water, sleep)
10. They _________________ in Kolkata a month ago. (be)
 FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future Tense-

Rule- Subject + will/ Shall + V1

a) I shall go to Delhi tomorrow.

b) They will play a match next week.
Future Continuous Tense

This tense is used to indicate an action going on at some point of

time in future

Rule- Subject + Will/Shall +be V1

ing
Eg- a) We shall be singing a song in tomorrow assembly.
b) They will be doing their work, when we reach home.
Fill in the blanks with the future tense from of the verbs
given:-

1. The Raga troupe _______________________ in the city for

the next three weeks. (perform)
2. She ____________________ after breakfast. (study)
3. We _________________________ our friends at this time
next month. (meet)
4. ________ you ____________ the whole pizza? (eat)
5. ________ I __________ you with the work on Monday? (help)

6. They ____________________ TV at 9 pm tonight. (watch)

7. It _________________________ when we reach there. (rain)
8. Take this medicine and the pain _____________________ (go)
 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Points to remember in Indirect speech:

a) Inverted commas are removed.
b) The conjunction ‘that’ is used in statements.
c) The speaker’s speech does not begin with a capital letter.
d) The reporting verb ‘said to’ is changed into ‘told’.

Change the following statements into indirect form: -

1. She said, “I have a musical clock at home.”

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

2. The boys said to him, “We will take your bicycle tomorrow.”

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

3. Raveena says, “I live in the heart of the city.”

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

4. Harish said, “A dog chased me yesterday.”

______________________________________________________

5. Tina says, “I am very happy for my father’s promotion.”

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
6. Divya said, “My mother worked as a manager here.”
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

7. The nurse said, “The baby is crying now.”

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

8. Peter said, “It is sunny today.”

____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

9. My neighbour said, “These cars are expensive.”

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
10. He said, “The letter came a few days ago.”
____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

11. Her sister said, “Prevention is better than cure.”

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

12. The manager said, “This department will get a special award.”
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
 CLAUSES
A clause is a group of words with a subject and a predicate. It is usually
a part of a sentence.
CLAUSE

Main clause or Subordinate clause or

Independent clause Dependent clause

Main/ Independent Clause

Pluto lost its planetary status in 2006.
Since the above given sentence has only one subject and one
predicate, it can be said that the sentence has only one clause. This
clause makes complete sense on its own and is called Main clause.
Subordinate / Dependent Clause
I saw seals when I looked through the binoculars.
Clause A Clause B
Clause A in the above sentence is complete and may be used on its own.
Therefore, it is the main clause of the sentence.
Clause B gives additional information on the purpose of the action in the
sentence. It does not make complete sense and cannot be used on its
own. Such clauses are called Dependent clauses or Subordinate clauses.

I. Identify each of the clauses as Dependent or Independent

Clause –
1. when the sun sets
2. I saw a car following me
3. unless you hurry
4. you had a great idea
5. if the guests are coming
6. clean your room
 7. you won’t reach the school on time
8. wherever he goes
II. Identify whether the underlined clause is dependent or
independent
1. The sun shone brightly after the rain was over.
_______________________________________________________

2. He will surely help me because he is my friend.

_______________________________________________________

3. Clean your room before you go to sleep.

_______________________________________________________

4. If it rains, we shall not go out to play.

_______________________________________________________

5. She was very hopeful that she would win.

_______________________________________________________

6. Wait till the light turns green.

_______________________________________________________

7. Unless we take the 2 o’clock bus, we will miss the show.

_______________________________________________________

8. He visited the house while I was away.

_______________________________________________________

9. I was not keeping well, so I took a day off.

_______________________________________________________

10. Although he had prepared for the test, he did not do well.
_________________________________________________________
 CORRECT THE ERRORS

a. Tina is the smarter of all my cousins.

________________________________________________________

b. The train went under the tunnel.

_______________________________________________________

c. I worked as a teacher at present.

_______________________________________________________

d. The students sat on the desk and wrote their tests.

_______________________________________________________

e. Do you knows her well?

_______________________________________________________

f. The boy ran around the road.

_______________________________________________________

g. Jane is the smartest of the two girls.

_______________________________________________________

h. The bird is flying on the roof.

i. Rohit is not as smarter as Sagar.

________________________________________________________

j. Have they buy the house?

________________________________________________________
k. Babita drink juice yesterday.
________________________________________________________

l. Roma was written a letter to her brother.

_______________________________________________________
m. While Aditi is sleeping, Rohit break her doll.

n. When Khushi was played, Rishi kicking her.

________________________________________________________

o. Sara will travelled to Mumbai tomorrow.

_______________________________________________________

p. Mohini shall went to the office on Monday.

 UNSEEN POEM

Read the poem carefully and answer the questions mentioned

below
The old field is sad
Now the children have gone home.
They have played with him all afternoon,
Kicking the ball to him, and him
Kicking it back.
But now it is growing old and dark ,
He thinks of their warm breath, and their
Feet like little hot- water bottle.
A bit rough, some of them, but still....
And now he thinks, there’s not even a dog
To tickle me.
The gates are locked.
The birds don’t like this nasty sneaking wind .
And nor does he. D.J. ENRIGHT

Q1) What time of the day is it in the poem? How do you know?
________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Q2) What does ‘him’ refer to in this poem?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________
Q3. Complete the sentences –

1. The poet compares the children’s feet to

________________________________________________________

2. We know there is no one in the school because

________________________________________________________

III. Write a pair of rhyming words from the poem

____________________________

IV. Find words which mean same as

a) very bad _____________________
b) going somewhere in a secret way ____________________
 UNSEEN POEM
Read the unseen poem and answer the following questions.
The Tiger isn't burning bright
Either in shadow or in sun.
The tiger family is thinning
Two by two and one by one.

The tiger isn't burning bright

In the forests of the night
Or in the wilderness of day.
We need to understand his plight.

The father Sheru's missing now.

Sheru has been shot and skinned.
Poachers ground his bones to powder
For some Chinese medicine.

Bones would bring them powder, they thought,

Put life into some sickly man
Their souls were sick. Killing tigers
Is something we won't understand.

His skin is hanging on a wall;

His bones are packed in plastic white
And shipped out. A gecko on the wall
Is hunting insects on his hide.

Once jungles trembled at his roar;

Tree tops flew up- birds disappeared!
Monkeys screamed (what an uproar!),
Now geckoes nibble on his ear!

Lord God had stamped upon his skin

In equal stripes both night and dawn.
His black-and-gold won't shimmer now.
Boar-hunter, Forest King --he's gone.

1. What is the main idea of the poem?

a) Save forest
b) Save poachers
c) Save tigers

2. How have the poachers used Sheru's bones?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________
3. How did the tiger frighten animals before?

_______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________
4. Complete the given sentences
A) The tiger’s family is_____________________________________

________________________________________________________
B) The father Sheru is missing now because____________________

_______________________________________________________

5. Write two pairs of rhyming words from the given poem-

i) ________________ ____________________

ii) _________________ ___________________

 UNSEEN POEM

If you were only one inch tall, you would ride a worm to school.
The tear drop of a crying ant would be your swimming pool.
A crumb of cake would be a feast
And last you seven days at least,
A flea would be a frightening beast
If you were one inch tall.

If you were only one inch tall, you'd walk beneath the door,
And it would take about a month to get down to the store.
A bit of fluff would be your bed,
You'd swing upon a spider's thread,
And wear a thimble on your head
If you were one inch tall.
You'd surf across the kitchen sink upon a stick of gum
You couldn't hug your grandma, you'd just have to hug her thumb.
You'd run from people's feet in fright,
To move a pen would take all night,

(This poem took fourteen years to write -

'Cause I'm just one inch tall).
Q1. How would you go to school if you become one inch tall?

Q2. If you were one inch tall, what would be your swimming pool?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Q3. What problems will you face if you become one inch tall?
a) You would not be able to move a pen easily.
b) You won’t be able to hug your loved ones.
c) You would fear that somebody might step on you.
d) All of the above.
Q4. Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the given poem.
_______________________ ________________________
Q5.Find words from the poem which mean the same as
a) small pieces of wool, cotton etc. that form into balls ________
b) animals ________
 UNSEEN PASSAGE

Revathi sneezed again. She felt feverish. All the sneezing and
coughing had made her weak. It was time for her parents to come
home from work. She made the decision of not telling them. She
knew that they would immediately take her to the doctor if she told
them. She was afraid of the injections and the bitter medicine. She
decided to look for some medicine in the house that would make a
feel better. She found a bottle of small white pills in a parents'
bedroom. The pills were for cold and cough. Revathi took two pills
and went back to her room. The pills started having their effect. She
started feeling tired and sleepy.

Every evening when her parents came back from work, Revathi
would rush to open the door but not today. Revathi’s parents were
surprised. They went to her room to see if she was alright. There she
was in her bed, fast asleep. They moved closer to the bed only to
realize that her face was red and puffy. They grew worried. They
woke her up and asked her what had happened. On learning that the
red marks on her body had appeared due to the medicine she had
taken, they immediately rushed her to the doctor. The doctor
examined the marks and explained that they were an allergic
reaction to the medicine she had taken. The doctor gave her an
injection to control the allergy. He also gave her some medicine for
her cough and cold. He advised her never to take medicine
herself. Revathi regretted taking the medicine on her own. After all,
it was only because of that medicine that the doctor had to give her
an injection. She promised her parents that she would tell them if
she is not feeling well and would never take medicine without their
knowledge.

Q1. Tick the main idea of the story.

 a) It is good to have other people’s medicine. ___________
b) We should go to the doctor when we feel sick. ___________
c) We should be scared of the doctors because they give us
injections. __________
Q2. Why didn’t Revathi want to tell her parents about her sickness?
Ans-
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Q3. What did Revathi do in hope of getting better?

Ans._____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Q4. State ‘true’ or ‘false’
a) Revathi told her parents to take her to the doctor.
____________
b) The puffiness on Revathi’s face was caused by an allergic
reaction to the medicine. _____________
Q5. Find the words from the passage which means same as-
a) At once- _____________________
b) To feel sorry or unhappy about something you did -
___________________
 UNSEEN PASSAGE
Humans have five senses - sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. We
use these senses everyday in our lives when we work, play, eat or
drink. Animals have senses too and sometimes they are much more
powerful than ours. We have our food prepared for us but animals
need to find their own food using their senses. For example,
predators often have very good sight. Some birds of prey can see a
mouse at a distance of 1.5 kilometers. However, they don’t always
catch the mouse. Mice have amazingly good hearing and this helps
them escape from predators!
Insects sometimes have senses that are different from ours. For
example, butterflies don’t taste with their mouths- they taste with
their feet. Crickets don’t hear with their ears – they hear with their
legs. Chameleons have two eyes, the same as we do, but they can
move their eyes separately and look in two different directions at the
same time!

Some animals seem to have special sense that tells them about the
future. Birds, ants and many other animals look for food more busily
just before bad weather. This food helps them survive because it’s
more difficult to find food when the weather is bad. They know that
bad weather is coming. Birds also use their ability to avoid bad
weather when they fly long distances. For centuries, people have
noticed that animals often behave strangely before an earthquake.
For example, in January 1975, a lot of farmers in one part of China told
scientists that their horses and cattle did not want to go inside the
barns. A few days later, there was a huge earthquake in that region.

Q1. What do animals use to find their food?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Q2. What is special about chameleons?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

Q3. Why do birds, ants and many other animals look for food more
busily just before bad weather?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Q5. Complete the sentences-

1. The animals behave strangely

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. Mice have _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Q6. Find words from the passage which mean same as-
1. to continue to live in spite of danger (para 3)
______________________
2. to get free from something (para 1)
______________________
 CLOZE GAP

I. strengthens boring important hurt

playful energy keeps good

Humour and fun are an ________ part of our life. Without humour,
jokes and fun, our life will become very ________. Laughter has a
positive impact on us. Do you know that humour ________ us happy
and healthy? It boosts our ________ levels. Humour reduces pain
and ________ our body and mind too. So try to spend time with fun
and ________ people. But remember that while it is ________ to
have a good sense of humour, no one should be ________ even in
jest.

II. avoid advice available taking

recover reducing complain dangerously

Medicines help us to _______ when we fall sick. They are _________

at all medical stores as pills and in liquid form. However, a medicine
should not be taken without a doctor’s ________ or it can prove
fatal. We often _________ of headaches and so take painkillers. Pain
killers are undoubtedly effective in ________ pain but at the same
time they can be _______ harmful like any other medicine. Before
________ a painkiller, a doctor must be consulted to ________ any
harm or side effect.