CE 386

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Chapter-2
DESING OF SLAB SYSTEMS FOR
REINFORCED CONCRETE (R/C)
STRUCTURES

1
 Floor Systems

Two dimensional, plane members

Transmits the gravity loads to beams, columns, shear walls

and in masonary structures to the walls

Transmits the lateral load (like earthquake) from one vertical

member to another. (Rigid diaphragm assumption)

2
 Floor Systems

They are generally formed from rectangular parts, but

sometimes they can be in different geometrical shapes like
circle.

 Thickness of a slab is smaller than its other dimensions. The

thickness is generally determined according to the support and
loading conditions, and material properties.

3
 FLOOR SYSTEMS
1. One-way slab (Tek yönlü) Solid
2. Two-way slab (Çift yönlü) slabs

3. Joint slab (Dişli döşeme)

4. Block-joint slab (Asmolen döşeme)

5. Waffle slab (Kaset döşeme)

6. Flat slab (Mantar döşeme)

7. Flat plates (Kirişsiz)

8. Composite

4
 SOLID SLABS (ONE-WAY OR TWO-WAY)

Slab

Column Beam

5
Placing reinforcement before concrete casting
 BLOCK JOINT SLABS

Precast beams

6
7
 WAFFLE SLABS

8
 FLAT SLABS

9
 FLAT PLATES

10 The slab system is without beams

 One Way – Two Way Solid Slab Systems

Frequently used solid slab system

Beams in R/C structures, and walls in masonary structures

constitute the support of the slab systems.

Generally the slabs are supported from its four side. But,
sometimes, they are supported from their 3, 2, and 1 side.

11
 Load transfer mechanism in slabs
5m 5m 5m
D Pd(t/m2)=gd +qd

4m In structural design, floor loads

are assumed to be uniformly
C distributed on slab

6m BEAMS

5m
COLUMNS

A
1 2 3 4
12
 ll (long span)


ls (short span)

1m 
Pd(t/m2)

1m  s  l

Due to
compatibility

 s  l
5 Ps ls4 5 Pl ll4
  
384 EI 384 EI
ll4
Ps  Pl  4 ( Ps  Pl  P)
ls
13
 Ps Pl
 k  Ps  k .P    Pl   .P
P P

4
Ps  ll  ll
  P  Ps  Pl m
Pl  ls  ls

k .P
 m4
 .P

k .P  .P P
   k   1
P P P

If ll  ls  m  1  m 4  1

k 

k  0.5 and   0.5 Further calculations give the following table
14 k    1

 m=ll/ls k=Ps/P ρ=Pl/P
1.0 0.500 0.500
( Ps  Pl  P)
1.2 0.675 0.325
4
l
Ps  Pl  l
4
1.5 0.835 0.165
l
s 2.0 0.940 0.060
2.2 0.960 0.040

According to the table given above the solid slabs can

be classified as one-way and two-way slabs depending
on the ratio m=ll/ls
≤2 two way slab
m
>2 one way slab
15
 One Way – Two Way Solid Slab Systems

These ratios give idea about the magnitude of the forces

distribute within the slab system. However, due to torsional
moments, support conditions, and the dependent behaviour of
each rib considered, the actual Ps / Pl ratio is slightly different
than the one simply calculated.

16
 One Way – Two Way Solid Slab Systems

In case m= ll / ls < 2, it is seen that the load carried in the

longitudinal direction is not small enough that can be neglected.

In this case , it is assumed that the slab is transferred load in two

directions and called as two-way solid slab systems.

≤2 two way slab

m
>2 one way slab

17
 Span moments in long and short directions
ll Short span

ls
+

+ +
- -

18 Long span
 Two Way Solid Slab Systems

 h ≥ 80 mm and  Roof slabs h ≥ 6 cm

 Turkish Earthquake Code  Slabs for vehicle use h ≥ 12 cm
Seismic Zones ≥15 cm  d’min = 1.5 cm (rust cover)

lsn   (continuous span lengths)

hmin   1  
15 
20  4  (totalspan lengths)
m
 10 
470  
hmin   1  20   11.75  (h  15 cm)
20  4 
15 
5  
5

19
 Two Way Solid Slab Systems

Approximate Method in TS 500

For the slabs that have similar span lengths, the Approximate
Method given in TS 500 is used.

In the calculation of the moments, for negative moments the cross-

section at the face of the support and for positive moment the
crossection at the midspan is considered.

The moment for the 1 m strip :

 M    .Pd .lsn2 (lsn  l  bw )

where bw is width of beam

20
 TS 500 Approx. Method:
Dashed sides of the slabs are
considered as continuous • Slabs are designed like continuous
spans beams.

-M • A 1 m wide strip, taken from

-M +M middle of the slab, is considered as
-M
-M a continuous beam and used to
design the slab

• In TS 500 moment coefficients (α)

are given depending on the
continuity and “m” ratio of the
slab

 M    .Pd .lsn2 (lsn  l  bw )

where bw is width of beam

Net length of short span (lsn) is used to calculate

positive or negative moments in both directions
21
 Moment coefficients for two-way slab systems (TS500)

Moment coefficients in short direction In long direction

Side conditions of slab ll/ls = 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.75 2.00
(for all ll/ls
values)
Four sides are continuous
Negative moment at continuous side 0.033 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.054 0.059 0.071 0.083 0.033
Positive moment at mid-span 0.025 0.030 0.034 0.038 0.041 0.045 0.053 0.062 0.025
One side is discontinuous
Negative moment at continuous side 0.042 0.047 0.053 0.057 0.061 0.065 0.075 0.085 0.041
Positive moment at mid-span 0.031 0.035 0.040 0.043 0.046 0.049 0.056 0.064 0.031
Two neighbor sides are discontinuous
Negative moment at continuous side 0.049 0.056 0.062 0.066 0.070 0.073 0.082 0.090 0.049
Positive moment at mid-span 0.037 0.042 0.047 0.050 0.053 0.055 0.062 0.068 0.037
Two short sides are discontinuous
Negative moment at continuous side 0.056 0.061 0.065 0.069 0.071 0.073 0.077 0.080 -
Positive moment at mid-span 0.044 0.046 0.049 0.051 0.053 0.055 0.058 0.060 0.044
Two long sides are discontinuous
Negative moment at continuous side - - - - - - - - 0.056
Positive moment at mid-span 0.044 0.053 0.060 0.065 0.068 0.071 0.077 0.080 0.044
Three sides are discontinuous
Negative moment at continuous side 0.058 0.065 0.071 0.077 0.081 0.085 0.092 0.098 0.058
Positive moment at mid-span 0.044 0.049 0.054 0.058 0.061 0.064 0.069 0.074 0.044
Four sides are discontinuous
Positive moment at mid-span 0.050 0.057 0.062 0.067 0.071 0.075 0.081 0.083 0.050

22
 Minimum Requirements for two way slabs (TS500-2000)

a) Reinforcement spacing (s)

1.5h 1.5h
sshort≤ slong ≤
20 cm 25 cm

b) Amount of reinforcement (ρ)

 short ≥ 0.0015 long ≥ 0.0015
 short + long ≥ 0.0040 (for S220)
 short + long ≥ 0.0035 (for S420 and S500)

23
Moment Correction (Balance)

Since each slab is separately evaluated, for the same support

in the neighboorhood slabs, two different moment value can
be evaluated.

M1 / M2 < 0.8 , M1 < M2

 Then 2/3∆M is distributed to the slab system in terms of
their rigidities.
 In the calculation of the reinforcement the greater one
needs to be utilized.
24
 Moment Correction

DM = M2 – M1

M1* = M1 + 2/3 DM r1

M2* = M2 – 2/3 DM r2 If slabs’ thickness is same

I1 1
l1 l1 l2
r1  r1  
1 1 l1  l2
I1 I 2
 
l1 l2 l1 l2
25
 Let’s go into details for two-way slab design:

TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS

Design procedure for two-way slabs is given in

the following slides with an example

26
 Example: Design the slab system on the direction shown in the figure.
M=0
5m 5m 5m
D
D 101

4m h=? m=5/4=1.25

D 102
m=6/5=1.20
6m
h=?

D 103
m=5/5=1.00
5m h=?

A
1 2 3 4
1m M=0
27
 Given:

All beams’ cross sections are 30x60 cm

Rust cover for slabs:1.5 cm

Additional dead load:0.125 t/m2

Live load:0.30 t/m2

Use Ø8 reinforcement

Materials C30/S420

28
 Solution:

Required:

 Slab thickness (h=?),

 Area of steel per unit area of slab (As=?)
 Diameter and Spacing of steel (Ø/s =?)

29
 1) First step is calculation of slab thickness

Slab thickness is calculated according to the most critical slab. In this question only
D101,D102 and D103 slabs are considered. In general for all slabs the thicknesses must
be calculated and among those the greatest needs to be selected. The most critical slab
is D102 from D101,102 and 103 shown in the figure.

hmin 
lsn 
1 
α
   continuous span lengths

15 
20  4  total span lengths
m
 
470 
16
 TS 500
 1  22   12.14cm
20 
hmin
15  
1.2 
4 

TEC,2018

h  15 cm selected

In selection of slab thickness, even numbers or folds of 5 is used.

30
 2) Second step in the design of slab is calculation of loads

g (own weight)=0.15x(2.5 t/m3)=0.375 t/m2

g (additional )=0.125 t/m2

g=0.50 t/m2
q=0.30 t/m2
Pd=1.4x(0.5)+1.6x(0.30)=1.18 t/m2

31
 3) Third step in the design of slab is calculation of moments

D 101 (short)
m=5/4=1.25 from table -α=0.064 +α=0.0485
- M = 0.064xPdx(4-0.30)2 = 1.034 t.m = 103.4 t.cm
+ M = 0.0485xPdx(3.70)2 = 0.783 t.m = 78.3 t.cm

D 102 (long)
m=6/5=1.20 from table -α=0.041 +α=0.031
- M = 0.041x1.18x(5-0.30)2 = 1.069 t.m=106.9 t.cm
+ M = 0.031x1.18x(4.70)2 = 0.808 t.m= 80.8 t.cm

D 103 (short)
m=5/5=1.0 from table -α=0.049 +α=0.037
- M = 0.049x1.18x(4.70)2 = 1.277t.m = 127.7 t.cm
+ M = 0.037x1.18x(4.70)2 = 0.964 t.m = 96.4 t.cm
32
 4) Forth stage in the design of slab is checking the slab
dimension

Check h=15 cm
Rust cover =1.5 cm (given)

d=15-1.5=13.5 cm

100 cm

M d  127.7 t.cm C 30 / S 420  K l  24.7 cm 2 / t (limiting value)

100*(13.5) 2
K  142.72 cm 2 / t  24.7 cm 2 / t OK
127.7

33
 4) Forth stage in the design of slab is determination of reinforcement
Use Ø8 (As=0.5 cm2)

D101
+M = 78.3 t.cm
78.3
M  As f yd jd   As   1.85 cm 2 / m
3.65*(0.86*13.5)

1.85
  0.00137   min  0.0015  use  min
100*13.5

 As  0.0015*100*13.5  2.025
0.5 1.5h  1.5 x15  22.5 cm
s  100*  24.7 cm s 
2.025 20 cm

Select s  20 cm

Total reinforcement  8/20 (straight)

34
 D102
+M = 80.8 t.cm
80.8
 As   1.91cm 2 / m  As ,min  2.025cm 2  use As ,min
3.65*(0.86*13.5)
0.5 1.5h  22.5 cm
s  100   24.7 cm s
2.025 25 cm

Select s  22 cm Total reinforcement  8/22(straight) 106.9

103.4
D101-D102 Support Moment D101 D102
-M=103.4 t.cm , moment at continuous span of D101
-M=106.9 t.cm , moment at continuous span of D102

If the ratio of negative moment values occuring in common support is less than 0.8, 2/3 of
the difference in support moments is distributed according to the following operation
(M2>M1) I1 I2
2 l1 2 l2
M d 1  M 1  DM M d 2  M 2  DM
3 I1 I 2 3 I1 I 2
 
l1 l2 l1 l2
35
 M 1 (Small moment) 103.4
  0.967  0.80  no need for correction
M 2 (Large moment) 106.9

take -M d  106.9 tcm

106.9
 As ( D101/ D102)   2.52 cm 2 / m
3.65*(0.86*13.5)

use  8
0.5
s additional  100*  19.8 cm   8 /19 cm
2.52

36
 D103
+M=96.4 t.cm
96.4 0.5 1.5h  22.5
 As   2.27 cm 2 / m  s  100   22.03 cm 
3.65*(0.86*13.5) 2.27 20 cm

Select s  20 cm Total reinforcement  8/20(straight)

127.7
D102-D103 Support Moment 106.9
-M=106.9 tcm , moment at continuous span of D102 D102 D103
-M=127.7 tcm , moment at continuous span of D103

M 1 (Small moment) 106.9

  0.84  0.80  no need for correction
M 2 (Large moment) 127.7

take -M d  127.7 tcm

37
 127.7
-A s ( D102 / D103)   3.01 cm 2 / m
3.65*(0.86*13.5)

0.5
s additional  100*  16.6 cm   8 /16 cm
3.01

Same procedure is applied to all directions

for the slab system.

38
39
 One Way Solid Slab Systems
 m= lu / lk > 2 the load that is carried by the long span is small that can be
ignored.

 This slab systems are assumed to carry load in one direction (Short
direction), and called as one-way slab systems.
 Main reinforcement (in short dircetion) 1
 Distribution reinforcement (in long direction) for temperature change,
shrinkage effect. 2
 Support reinforcement (in long direction) 3
 The thickness of the slab must be selected as do not require shear
reinforcement, Vd ≤ Vcr = 0.65 x fctd x b x d

40
 One Way Solid Slab Systems

41
 One Way Solid Slab Systems

Neglecting the torsional moments and difference between the middle

and edge strips
&
assuming that the beams supporting slabs do not deflect and do not
have any torsional rigidity

Then,

One way slabs are resembled to a continuous beam with 1 m width.

42
 One Way Solid Slab Systems
l1 / l2 > 0.8 pd lk2
TS500 Md 
q/g<2 k
k factors:
-24 -8 -24
pd 1 , pd 2  pd ,ave
1/11 1/11
lk1 , lk 2  lk ,ave
-24 -9 -9 -24

11 15 11

-24 -9 -10 -10

43
11 15 15 15
 Minimum Requirements for one way slabs (TS500-2000)
a) Reinforcement spacing (s)
1.5h
smain ≤ sdistribution ≤ 30 cm
20 cm
b) Amount of main reinforcement (ρ)
 main ≥ 0.003 (for S220)
 main ≥ 0.002 (for S420 and S500)
c) Distribution reinforcement , As,distribution (placed at bottom)
As,distribution ≥0.2xAs,main
d) Top reinforcement at supports of long direction, As,top
As,top ≥0.6xAs,main (bent after 1/4 of the short lenght of the slab system )
Minimum Ø8/200 mm for S220,
Ø8/300 mm for S420,
Ø5/150 mm for S500
44
 Let’s go into details for one-way slab design:

ONE-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS

Design procedure for one-way slabs is given in

the following slides with an example

45
 D

5m

5m
Example: Design the slab
B system of school building in the
direction shown in the figure .
5m

A
7m 7m 7m

46
 D

5m

5m
Given:
B Materials: C30/S420

All beams are 30x60 cm

5m
Rust cover for slabs: 1.5 cm
A
7m 7m 7m Additional dead load: 0.125 t/m2

m=7/2.5=2.8>2 Live load:0.40 t/m2

1 1 1 1
   
24 9 10 9

A 1 1 B 1 1 C 1 1 D
47 11 15 15 15 15 11
 Determination of slab thickness according to TS 500

h  8 cm ( h  12 cm for slabs carrying vehicles)

h 1
  simple supported slab
ln 25
hmin = 220/30 = 7.34 cm
h 1
  continuous slab Take slab thickness as 15 cm
ln 30
according to TEC
h 1
  cantilever slab
ln 12

rust cover c  1.5 cm

Loads
g (own weight)=0.15x(2.5 t/m3)=0.375 t/m2
g (additional )=0.125 t/m2 (given information)

g=0.5 t/m2
q=0.40 t/m2 (given information)
Pd=1.4x(0.50)+1.6x(0.40)=1.34 t/m2
48
 1.15𝑃𝑑 𝑙𝑛 1.15 ∗ 1.34 ∗ 2.2
𝑉𝑑 = = = 1.70 𝑡
2 2

𝑉𝑐𝑟 = 0.65𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑑 𝑏𝑑 = 0.65 ∗ 12.5 ∗ 100 ∗ 13.5 ∗ 10−3 = 10.97 𝑡

𝑉𝑑 < 𝑉𝑐𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑂𝐾

49
 Note:

Span moments
Outer Span: max Md = (1/11)Pdl2

Inner Span : max Md = (1/15)Pdl2

Support moments
Two bay systems :-Md=(1/8)Pdl2

Three or more span systems :

The first inner span -Md=(1/9)Pdl2

Other inner spans -Md=(1/10)Pdl2

50
 1 1
M d  Pd l 2   1.34  2.52  0.761 t.m
11 11

1 1
 M d   Pd l 2   1.34  2.52  0.931 t.m
9 9

bw d 2 100*13.52
K   195.75 cm 2 / t  K l  24.7cm 2 / t
Md 93.1

Md 76.1
( As ) main    1.80 cm 2
3.65*(0.86d ) 3.65*0.86*13.5

As min  0.002 bw d  0.002*100*13.5  2.70 cm 2

0.5 20 cm
s  100  18.52 cm s
2.7 1.5h  22.5 cm

s  18 cm   8/18(straight)
51
 Distribution Reinforcement

( As ) dist  0.2*( As ) main  0.2* 2.7  0.54 cm 2

0.5
s  100  92.6 cm s  30 cm (for S420)
0.54
Use  8/30 (distribution reinforcement)

Top Reinforcement

( As )top  0.6*( As ) main  0.6* 2.7  1.62 cm 2

0.5
s  100  30.9 cm s  30 cm (for S420)
1.62
Use  8/30 (top reinforcement)

52
 Support Reinforcement

Md 93.1
( As ) main    2.20 cm 2
3.65(0.86d ) 3.65*0.86*13.5

0.5
s  100*  22.7 cm  30 cm
2.20

 8 / 22cm ( straight )

53
 Reinforcement detail

54
 Joint Slabs
 It is slab that was obtained by settling the ribbed beams,
which are parallel to each other, to main beam.

 The distance among the ribbed beams is between 40

and 70 cm and they are connected to each other by a
thin plate which is generally between 5 and 7 cm.

 This kind of slabs has low rigidity and can not show
proper frame behavior. Namely, during earthquake,
indicates poor performance.

 To increase the resistance to earthquake, this type of

slabs needs so much shear walls.
55
 Minimum Requirements for Joint
Slabs
ln
h  simply supported slab
20
l
h  n  continuous slab
25
l
h  n  cantilever slab
10

56
 Minimum Requirements for joint slabs (TS500-2000)

According to TEC;
t>70mm

Distribution reinforcement in both direction of the slab;

 x  0.0015  y  0.0015

s x  25 cm s y  25 cm
57
 JOINT SLAB Beams 30x60 cm
Example:
C30/S420
6m 6m 6m

4m Note:
In joint-slab (ribbed)
length of beam is selected
parallel to long direction
6m

4m
Flanged beam

P=g+q

6m 6m 6m 70 cm
58
 JOINT SLAB
Given:
Materials: C30/S420
All beams are 30x60 cm
Rust cover for rib beams: 3.0 cm
Additional dead load: 0.15 t/m2
Live load: 0.5 t/m2
Width of the rib beam :15 cm
Thickness of the slab: 7 cm
2ϕ12 reinforcement is available as hanger reinforcement
Use ϕ16 reinforcement at the bottom and ϕ12 reinforcement at the top of the rib
beams, and ϕ8 reinforcement in the slab

59
 JOINT SLAB
Design :

ln  600  30  570cm
ln 570
min h    22.8 cm
25 25

assume h  30 cm
given t  7 cm, D  30 - 7  23 cm
given rust cover  3 cm  d  30 - 3  27 cm

60
 Loads:
Additional g= 0.15t/m2 (given)
70 cm
g weight=2.5*(0.7*0.07+0.15*0.23)=0.2 t/m t=7cm
q floor=0.5 t/m2 (given) h
Pd=1.4(0.15*0.7+0.2)+1.6(0.5*0.7)=0.987=1 t/m

1
  M d  span  * (1) * 62  3.27 tm
11 15 cm
1
  M support   * (1) * 62  4.00 tm
9
P l 1* (6)
Vd  d   3t
2 2
V *a 3* 0.30
 M d support   M support   4  3.70tm a  2h
3 3
Note: Max (-M)
In continuous beams maximum span -
moments and maximum support moments
occur at first span and outer support, +
61 respectively. Max (+M)
Flexural Reinforcement of the beam
Kl M d
M max   M d ,support  3.70tm  370tcm bw d 2  K l M d  d 
bw
K l  24.7 cm 2 / t

bd 2 15* 27 2
K   29.55  K l  24.7 cm 2 / t  h  30 cm assumption is valid
Md 370

Flanged section j  0.9

327
As ,span   3.69cm 2  Use 216  4.02 cm 2 (216 straight)
3.65*0.9* 27

Rectangular section j  0.86

370
As ,support   4.37cm 2  Available 212 as hanger  2.26 cm 2
3.65*0.86* 27
 hanger reinforcement given 

Use additional 212  2.26 cm 2

62
As , available  212  2 12  2.26  2.26  4.52 cm 2
 As , requi red  4.37 cm 2
Shear Reinforcement of the beam
Pd ln 1*(6  0.3)
Vd  1.15  1.15  3.3t
2 2

Vcr  0.65 f ctd bw d  0.65*12.5*15* 27 *103  3.29 t

Vd  Vcr  use min. shear reinforcement

if Vd  Vcr  find the shear reinforcement required

A sw f 1.25
use min  0.3 ctd bw  0.3 15  0.0154
s f ywd 365

Asw  2 x0.5  1 cm 2
 0.0154  s  64.9 cm
s

smax  250 mm for ribs (TS500-2000)  use  8/25 cm

63
 Ø8/25
2Ø12
(plate reinforcement)
(hanger)

2Ø16
2Ø12 Ø8/25
(flexural reinforcement)
(additional reinforcement) (stirrup)

64
Reinforcement of the slab

y
t=7 cm (given)
1m x

6m

As , x  0.0015 x(100 x7)  1.05cm 2

0.5
sx  (100)  47.61cm  s max  25cm  use  8/25 cm
1.05

0.5
s y  (100)  47.61cm  s max  25cm  use  8/25 cm
1.05

65
66 Plate Reinforcement
 Rib Reinforcement

67
 Let’s go into details for Block-Joint slab design:

BLOCK-JOINT SLAB SYSTEMS

(Asmolen döşemeler)
 It is one way or two way ribbed slab that contains
blocks between the ribs.
 The ceiling seems smooth however its resistance to
earthquake is weak.

Design procedure for block-joint slabs is given

in the following slides with an example
68
 BLOCK-JOINT SLAB
Example: 30 cm 100 cm
30x30

N101 N101

30 cm 6.0 m
50 cm

A B C
5.3 m 5.3 m

69 Materials: C30/S420
 BLOCK-JOINT SLAB

Given:
Materials: C30/S420
Additional dead load on the slab: 0.15 t/m2
Live load: 0.2 t/m2
Average weight of hollow brick-concrete block : 1.2 t/m3
Width of the rib beam :10 cm & Thickness of the slab: 7 cm
Total height of the slab system :30 cm, Covering material thickness:2.5 cm
Rust cover for rib beams: 2.5 cm,
1ϕ12 reinforcement is available as hanger reinforcement
Use ϕ16 reinforcement at the bottom and ϕ12 reinforcement at the top of the rib
beams, and ϕ8 reinforcement in the slab

70
 30 100
ln  530    465 cm
2 2
ln
min h   18.6 cm  h  30  2.5  27.5cm  OK
25
(2.5 cm is thickness of covering material)
Given that the rust cover is 2.5 cm for the rib beam
 d  27.5  2.5  25cm

For 30 cm hollow-concrete block

g  1.2*0.3  0.360 t / m 2
Additional dead load= 0.150 t / m 2 (given)
Total g  0.360  0.150  0.510 t / m 2
q  0.200 t / m 2 (given)

71
 The most critical moment occurs at B axis. Because, at outer supports the moments are
assumed to be zero. To find the design moment : there are two ways:

A B C

Pd  0.5 * (1.4 * 0.510  1.6 * 0.2)  0.517t / m  0.5t / m

1
 M d   0.5  5.32  1.76 tm  176 tcm
8

l 5.3
Vd  Pd  0.5 *  1.33t
2 2

Correction of M d
a  100 but a  2 * h  2 * 27.5  55cm
a 55
DM  Vd  1.33  24.4 tcm  M d ,corrected  M d  176  24.4  151.6  152tcm
3 3

72
 Check the height of the beam based on max moment

C30 & S420  K l  24.7cm 2 / t

bw d 2 10* 252
K   41.12  K l  24.7 cm 2 / t
Md 152

73
 Pd ln
Vd  1.15
2

The coefficient used when the left support is outer while the right one is inner support

ln  4.65m
4.65*0.5
Vd  1.15*  1.34 t
2

Vcr  0.65 f ctd bw d  0.65*12.5*10* 25  2.03 t

Vd  Vcr  use min. shear reinforcement

74
 N101

l=5.3 m
ln=4.65 m
Pd=0.5 t/m
For midspan reinforcement consider flanged section ; j=0.9

b=50 cm

* 0.5 * 5.3  1.277tm

1
Md 
2

11
Md 127.7 d=27.5-2.5=25 cm
As    1.55cm 2 h=27.5 cm
f yd jd 3.65 * 0.9 * 25 D

216straight  4.02cm 2

bw=10 cm

75
 Since Vcr=2.03 t > Vd=1.34 t, use minimum stirrup spacing.

Ø8/25 cm (found similar to the previous question)

Use 8 mm ties spaced at 25 cm

Similar reinforcement will be used for other slabs

N101-N101 support
M d' 152
l=5.3 m As    1.94 cm 2
Pd=0.5 t/m f yd jd 3.65 * 0.86 * 25
Rectangular section Available112 as hanger reinforcement  1.13 cm 2
bw=10 cm, d=25 cm
a=100 cm (support width) As,required  1.94  1.13  0.81 cm 2
Additional reinforcement 112  1.13 cm 2

76
 Distribution reinforcement within the slab

As ,distribution  0.0015*7 *100  1.05 cm 2

Using  8

 0.5 
s  *100  47.6 cm  smin  25cm
 1.05 

use  8/25cm

77
 Remark: Specifications for BLOCK-JOINT SLAB

•e ≤ 70 cm

•t ≥ e/10, t ≥ 5 cm (TS500) , t ≥ 7 cm (TEC)

•bw ≥ 10 cm

•Use lateral rib 4m ≤ ll ≤ 7m ; 1 rib

ll >7m ; 2 rib

•Within ribs use minimum of Ø8/25 cm stirrups

•Distribution reinforcement

  0.0015 & s  25 cm

78
 B

A B A

A-A section

1Ø10

1Ø14
1Ø14
1Ø14
79
1Ø14
 Ø8/25 Asd Ø8/25

B-B section

10 cm

80
81