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Kanel Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of 'A Guide to Crisis Intervention' focuses on the ABC Model of Crisis Intervention, emphasizing the importance of developing rapport, utilizing basic attending skills, and identifying client problems. It outlines techniques such as questioning, paraphrasing, and summarization to facilitate effective communication and understanding of clients' emotional distress and impairments. The chapter also addresses ethical considerations and the need for coping strategies and referrals to support clients in crisis.

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Megan Botha
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83 views18 pages

Kanel Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of 'A Guide to Crisis Intervention' focuses on the ABC Model of Crisis Intervention, emphasizing the importance of developing rapport, utilizing basic attending skills, and identifying client problems. It outlines techniques such as questioning, paraphrasing, and summarization to facilitate effective communication and understanding of clients' emotional distress and impairments. The chapter also addresses ethical considerations and the need for coping strategies and referrals to support clients in crisis.

Uploaded by

Megan Botha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Guide to Crisis Intervention

Chapter 3
The ABC Model of Crisis
Intervention
• © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
Learning Objectives

• Practice the ABC Model of Crisis Intervention.


• Understand the purpose of basic attending skills and
how to apply them to real-life cases.
• Offer coping strategies and provide referrals to clients.
• Explore cognitions with clients and offer new ways of
thinking about events.
• Comprehend ethical issues that need to be explored in
counseling sessions.

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


A: Developing and Maintaining Rapport

• Developing and maintaining contact


• Basic attending skills
• Follow the client and build rapport

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Basic Attending Skills

• Attending behaviors:
– Eye contact
– Warmth
– Body posture
– Vocal style
– Verbal following
– Overall empathy (focus on client)

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Questioning (1 of 2)

• Open-ended questions encourage clients to explore


more of what he/she just said
– Begin with “what” and “how”
• Close-ended questions get facts
– Begin with “do,” “does,” “are,” sometimes “what”
▪ E.g., What is your daughter’s name?

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Questioning (2 of 2)

• Avoid “why” questions


– May make client feel defensive
• Avoid “would you,” “could you,” “can you explain”
– Ask a direct question
• Avoid interrogation style in which “yes” or “no” are the
answers
• Don’t interpret in your questions
– E.g., “Do you feel angry?”
– Ask “How do you feel?” instead

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Paraphrasing

• Restating in your own words what you heard client say


• Don’t parrot
• Let client know that you understand what was said
• Don’t add things or interpret
– E.g., Don’t add “because” unless client said it

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Clarifying

• Close-ended question that clarifies what the client just


said.
• Don’t add anything
• “So are you saying …?” NOT “Do you feel sad?”

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Reflection

• Feelings
• Painful
• Positive
• Ambivalent
• Nonverbal
• Kiss (keep it simple)
• Don’t add content or because
• Keep focus on the emotion

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Summarization

• Ties together all that has been said


• Can be used to capture the essence of the crisis
• Precipitating event, perception, emotional distress,
impairment in functioning

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


B: Identifying the Problem

• Follow the model using basic attending skills but adding


therapeutic interactions

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Climbing the Cognitive Tree

• Focus on thoughts and perceptions of the precipitating


event
• Explore the many thoughts connected to the first answer
• Get to the root (or the top) of the problem

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Precipitating Event

• Identify in detail what has happened within the past


month
• Need to connect it with current distress and cognitions

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Emotional Distress and Impairments in
Functioning
• Identify feelings as related to cognitions
• Identify how functioning has been impaired socially,
occupationally, academically, and behaviorally and relate
to emotional distress

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Ethical Checks

• Suicide
• Homicide
• Child abuse
• Elder abuse
• Disabled abuse
• Organic concerns
• Substance abuse issues

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Therapeutic Interactions

• Validation
• Education
• Empowerment
• Reframes

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


C: Coping

• Explore client’s own attempts


• Encourage client to develop new coping behaviors
• Present alternative coping

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.


Coping

• Referrals
– Support and 12-step groups
– Long-term marital or family therapy
– Shelters or other agencies
– Medical or legal assistance
– Journals, books, films
– Stress management, assertive training
• Commitment and follow-up

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.

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