ArcGIS 10.

2 Manual

INTRODUCTION TO GIS SOFTWARE:

GIS is composed of various softwares that can be categorized in to various functional groups. Among the
functional groups: data inputting and verification or checking, data storing and database management,
data transformation and projection, data processing, modeling and analysis and interaction with the users
are some.

GIS software can be either Raster based or vector based. They includes ERDAS, ENVI, PCI Geomatic,
ArcGIS, ArcView, IDRISI, ILWIS, GRASS, and others.
ArcGIS is an integrated geographic information system (GIS). It is a unique kind of database of the world
(geographic database). It provides a framework for implementing GIS for a single user or for multi users
on desktops, in servers, over the web and in the field.
ArcGIS 10x is an integrated collection of GIS software products for building a complete GIS. It is
composed of ArcGIS desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS server, and Mobile GIS.
ArcGIS desktop is the primary suit from which GIS professionals compile, author and use geographic
information and knowledge. There are three ArcGIS Desktop applications: ArcCatalog, ArcMap, and
ArcToolbox.

ArcCatalog

ArcCatalog lets you find, preview, document, and organize geographic data and create sophisticated
geodatabases to store that data.

ArcMap

ArcMap lets you create and interact with maps. In ArcMap, you can view, edit, and analyze your
geographic data. You can query your spatial data to find and understand relationships among geographic
features. You can create charts and reports to communicate your understanding with others.

ArcToolbox

ArcToolbox is a simple application containing many GIS tools used for data conversion and
geoprocessing;

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ACTIVITY 1: INTRODUCTION TO ARCCATALOG

The ArcCatalog application provides a catalog window that is used to organize and manage various types
of geographic information for ArcGIS Desktop. The kinds of information that can be organized and
managed in ArcCatalog include:
 Geodatabases
 Raster files
 Map documents, globe documents, 3D scene documents, and layer files
 Geoprocessing toolboxes, models, and Python scripts
 GIS services published using ArcGIS for Server
 Standards-based metadata for these GIS information items
 And much more
ArcCatalog organizes these contents into a tree view that you can work with to organize your GIS
datasets and ArcGIS documents, search and find information items, and to manage them.

ArcCatalog presents this information in a tree view and allows you to select a GIS item, view its
properties, and to access tools to operate on the selected item(s).
ArcCatalog is used to:
 Organize your GIS contents
 Manage geodatabase schemas
 Search for and add content to ArcGIS applications
 Document your contents
 Manage GIS servers
 Manage standards-based metadata

1) Exploring ArcCatalog:
Standard
Menus
Catalog Window Menu

Panels
Location toolbar
Nodes in the tree

Display Window
Tree view
view

Status bar

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1.1 Viewing Data in ArcCatalog

i. Start >> All programs >> ArcGIS >> ArcCatalog.

ii. Disconnect all connections, if any, in the catalog tree and connect to your folder. To do this;

Connect
One level up

Disconnect

iii. Select the D or other drives in the catalog tree and click on the icon disconnect from folder
icon. The selected connection will be disconnected.
iv. Now click the connect icon to connect your folder. Connect to folder window opens up.
Select your folder and click Ok.
v. In the catalog tree navigate to D or other drive and click the plus sign next to it to expand the
contents.
vi. Click the plus sign next to folder GIS Data to view the contents of the folder, and click again
the plus sign next to Administration folder >> EthioWereda shape file.
vii. Click preview tab. Now the Ethio_Wereda shapefile is displayed.
Click the preview dropdown arrow and click table. Now you can see the feature attribute
table for the Ethio_Wereda shapefile.

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Note: Catalog window menu

The main menu of the Catalog window has navigation and display tools to assist you in using the
tree view.
 Back —Go to the previous folder.
 Forward —Go to the next folder.
 Up One Level —Move up one level in the tree.
 Go To Home Folder —Navigate to the Home folder.
 Go To Default Geodatabase —Connect to the default geodatabase.
 Choose View Used In Contents Panel —Change the view used in the Contents panel. Options
are large icons, list, details, and thumbnails.
 Connect To Folder —Connect to a folder location.
 Toggle Contents Panel —Toggle the display of the Contents panel.
 Options —Open the Catalog Options dialog box.

viii. To view the metadata (data about data), click description tab and scroll down to view
ArcGIS metadata and explore topics, citations, resource details, extents, spatial reference,
fields and metadata details.

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1.2 Managing Your Data In ArcCatalog

A) Creating a New Folder
i. Right Click on D or other drive >> point to New and click folder.

ii. Rename the folder by typing your name over the highlighted text.
iii. Press enter on the key board.
B) Copying an Item
i. Click the plus sign prior to the folder GISdata in the tree view to list its contents. Right
click on the folder Infrastructure and click copy or select the folder and hold down Ctrl +
C key on the key board.
ii. Right click the folder named by your name and point to pest or select the folder named by
your name and hold down Ctrl + V key on the key board.
iii. Click on the folder named by your name and see for the data copied.
 Renaming an Item
i. Click Ethio_towns in the folder Infrastructure under your name. And then click File
and click Rename by typing Et_Towns then press Enter on the key board.
C) Deleting an Item
i. Click on the road shape file in the folder Infrastructure under your name.
ii. Press the delete key on the keyboard to delete.
NB. Once you delete an item you cannot undo the delete.

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ACTIVITY 2: INTRODUCING ARCMAP

This section provides an introduction and overview to ArcMap, which is the central application used in
ArcGIS. ArcMap is where you display and explore GIS datasets for your study area, where you assign
symbols, and where you create map layouts for printing or publication. ArcMap is also the application
you use to create and edit datasets.

ArcMap represents geographic information as a collection of layers and other elements in a map.
Common map elements include the data frame containing map layers for a given extent plus a scale bar,
north arrow, title, descriptive text, a symbol legend, and so on.
ArcMap is the tool for creating, viewing, querying, editing, composing, and publishing maps.
ArcMap offers many ways to interact with maps.
Exploring
Maps let you see and interpret the spatial relationships among features.
Analyzing
You can create new information and find hidden patterns by adding layers to a map.
Presenting results
ArcMap makes it easy to lay out your maps for printing, embedding in other documents or
electronic publishing.
Customizing
You can easily customize the ArcMap interface by adding or removing tools to or from existing
toolbars or by creating custom toolbars.
2.1 Displaying and viewing Spatial Datasets in ArcMap
1. Start>> All Programs >> ArcGIS >>ArcMap >>. The ArcMap startup dialog appears.
2. Click on “A new map” and select Blank Map under My Templates click ok.

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An empty ArcMap window appears.

Menu bar

Standard Tool bar

Tools

Display
Table of Window
contents

Data added to a map in ArcMap are referred as layers. The steps below run through adding several layers
to ArcMap. Enlarge the ArcMap window by clicking the maximize icon on the top right corner.

There are different ways of accessing commands in ArcMap: using the menu bar, Toolbar and shortcuts.

3. Click “add data” button on the ArcMap toolbar to add data.

4. In the add data dialogue navigate to “C/D/E” >> GIS Training Data >> Ethio_GIS >>
Administration >> Oromia/Amhara/SNNP, …. Zones >> click add data to display.
5. Add Oromia Woreda/Amhara Wereda/SNNW/…….and others as indicated in step 4.
6. Add Oromia Roads and towns/Amhara Roads and towns/ SNNP Roads and towns…../ in the same
way with step 4 & 5 from the infrastructures folder.
7. Right Click on each of the layers in the table of contents one by one and click remove to remove
the data from ArcMap.
Note: Please do not save anything.

Each layer has an entry in the table of contents displayed on the left hand side of the window. There is a
thick box alongside each layer entry which is used to turn the display of the layer on or off. Click on/off
in each box and see each layer in the display.
Types of data used so far are known as vector data. Vector data can be composed of point, line or
polygon features and are commonly used for data that needs to display quickly.
You can explore a map in several ways. The Tools toolbar contains frequently used tools that let you
navigate around the map, fined features and get information about them.

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The Zoom in button is used to zoom the map to the new area.
The zoom out button is used to reduce the size of your map.
The back button is used to jump back to the previous map extent.
Full extent is used to see the full extent of the map.
The pan tool is used to move the map in the display window.
The select features tool to select features on the map.
Place the mouse cursor over each of the buttons to get a brief description of its purpose.
Notice: as you move the cursor around the ArcMap window that the cursor position is displayed at the
bottom on the Arc Map Window.

This is a real world position of the feature on which the cursor is hovering over.
2.2 Labeling a Layer in the ArcMap
To display labels for a layer
I. Add Ethio_Towns to the ArcMap >> in the table of contents right click the layer Ethio_Towns >>
select label features.

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2.3 Taking Measurements:

I. While Ethio-towns were displayed, add Ethio-roads to the ArcMap >> Right click in the display
window of ArcMap and click Data frame properties.
II. In the data frame properties click General tab and set display unit to Kilometers
III. Click Ok.
IV. Select the measure tool and click once on the town of Ambo and move the pointer following the road
and double click on Ginchi. The distance is reported in the measurement bar.
V. Change the type of feature to be measured (Line/Area) by clicking on the measurement tools in the
measurement dialog box and follow step IV.
2.4 Changing How Features are Drawn
I. Right Click Ethio_Zones in the ArcMap table of contents and click properties.

II. Click Symbology tab on the properties dialog box >> Click categories >> Unique Values
III. For Fields value Click Zones and click all values >> Click Ok.

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ACTIVITY 3: ATTRIBUTE DATA AND SPATIAL QUERYING

3.1 Accessing Attribute Data in ArcMap:

Individual features on a map have associate information held in tabular format. These are known as
attribute data.
I. Displaying a Complete Table:
1. Add Ethio_Towns to the ArcMap following 2.1 steps on Activity 2>> in the table of contents
right click the layer Ethio_Towns >> select open Attribute Table.

2. Click on the left most cell at the beginning of a row to select it.
3. Click the selected button to move all of the selected records to the top so that you can view the
information easily.

4. To clear what is selected, clear selected features. Options >> clear selections.

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a) Querying Data in ArcMap Using an Identity Tool

1. Click on the identity button on the tools floating toolbar. Click on any of the Ethio_towns.

An information window pops up with info about the selected feature.

b) Querying Attribute Data Using Select by Attribute
An attribute table can be queried (search for records) using the select by attribute menu.
To do this, add Ethio_Zones to ArcMap. Then follow the following procedures.
1. Choose selection >> select by attribute from the menu bar. The select by attribute dialog box
appears

2. In the select by attribute dialog box appeared check that layer is set to Ethio_Zones
3. In the selection Field select Zones and double click it to pest it in to the select box at the
bottom >> click the equals (=) icon >> Get the Unique values >> double click EAST
WELLEGA.
When Finished the dialog box should be filled out as below.

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3. When finished click Apply >> Ok.

c) Selecting Feature Data by Select Feature

To do this, add Ethio_Zones to ArcMap. Then follow the following procedures.
1. Go to the Tools toolbar and click the select features icon.

2. Click on one of the zones you want to be selected. Then the zone will immediately be
selected.
d) Exporting the Selected data
Once you have selected a feature from a layer, you can export only the selected feature
to a new file.
NB: 1. The Ethio_Zone layer is still not removed from the table of contents.
2 You have to create a folder named ‘Activity’
To do so:
1. Right Click on Ethio_Zones in the table of contents.
2. Click data >> click Export Data
3. In the Export Box select ‘Selected features’

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4. In the output shape file or feature class box >> Navigate to C/D/E>> GIS Training Data >>
Create a folder named Sample >> over write EAST WOLLEGA in the name box as output file
name.

5. Click save >> Ok, if prompts you to add the exported data to the map as a layer click ‘yes’. The
exported layer is displayed.
 You can further analyze the layer by removing other layers from the table of contents.

1. In ArcMap, select features using any selection method.

2. Right-click the layer that contains the selected features, point to Data > Export Data.
3. Click Export > Selected Features.
4. Make a selection for the coordinate system to use.
5. For the Output feature class text box, click the Browse button and navigate to the existing
geodatabase to which you will export.
6. Type the name for the new feature class you will create.
7. Click OK.

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ACTIVITY 4: GEOREFERENCING A TOPOMAP

Geo-referencing is the process of assigning the real world coordinates (UTM, Geographic latitudes or
longitudes) to a map or image before going for further analysis.
No we will geo-reference the topo map. This can be done with the georeferencing tool bar.
1. Add a raster bitmap “Arjo bmp.” to your map from D >> GIS data >> Toposheets and click Ok on the
Unknown Spatial reference displayed. The bitmap with unknown spatial reference with Arjo bmp in
the table of contents is displayed in the displayer.
2. Right Click on the main menu empty portion >> Select Georeferencing.

Georeferencing is displayed on the menu bar. Select Arjo bmp in the box in front of layer. All the
georeferencing buttons become enabled as can be seen below. View link Table

3. Click on the add control points, your cursor becomes a + sign.

4. Double-click on Layers from TOC to set the coordinate system
5. Click on Coordinate System tab
6. Select a coordinate system from the data frame properties list:
Projected >> UTM >> Africa >> Adindan UTM >> Zone 37N>> OK
7. Click on the view link table button to display the points as you enter them
8. Uncheck the box in front of Auto Adjust.
Now, start locating the ground control points (GCPs)
11. Click at the location of the first GCP. Select (left clik) and Right click >> Input X and Y/DMS lon &
Lat >> Enter the X and Y coordinates of the GCP >> Ok. Continue until you have located all the
GCPs (minimum of 4 points). If you made mistake while digitizing, then right click >> cancel point.
12. Click on georeferencing >> Auto Adjust

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13. If the map disappears from the view click on Full extent button.
14. See the residuals (in map units) and Total RMS error in the table.
15. If residual of some of some of the points is too high select that point and press delete.
16. Re-digitize the GCP again and check again RMS error.
17. If the RMSE is acceptable, click on georeferencing >> rectify
18. In the output location browse to /D >> create and name your folder (Create GIS Projects Folder) &
select the folder >> Add
19. In the name box write Arjo_Referenced >> leave the format box dropdown arrow select TIFF >>
save >> Wight while the processor complete it.
20. You have georefernced your map!!
Now you can create and edit features using a variety of ArcMap editing tools

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ACTIVITY 5: FEATURE CREATION AND EDITION IN ARCMAP

Creating new features
5. 1: Create your shapefile in ArcCatalog
1. Open ArcCatalog and Navigate to C/D/E >> GIS Training and create a folder named GIS
Project.
(Launch ArcCatalog >> Right click on C/D/E >> New >> Folder >> Right Click on the
folder >> select ‘Rename’ and type GIS Projects).
2. Right-click GIS Project>> New >> Shapefile

3. Click in the Name text box and type “Roads” for the new shapefile.
4. Click the Feature Type dropdown arrow and click ‘Polyline’.
(NB: Roads are linear features and represented by polyline feature type.
Towns are represented by point feature type and
Farm lands, forest lands and some other polygon features types are represented by
polygon).
5. Thick the show details box and click Edit to define the shape file’s coordinate system.
6. On the Spatial Reference Properties window, we can select a predefined coordinate system,
import a coordinate system from existing Geodatabase or create a new coordinate system to
define the coordinate system of the data/shapefile. For this Activity, select a Predefined
Projected coordinate systems UTM by clicking on select.

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7. Double click Projected Coordinate systems. Browse for coordinate system’s window opens
up.
8. Double click the folder UTM.
9. Double click the folder WGS1984 >> select Northern Hemispher >> select ‘WGS 1984
UTM Zone 37N and click Ok.

Check the name box filled with Projected Coordinate System: Name: WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_37N
Projection: Transverse_Mercator, False_Easting: 500000.0, False_Northing: 0.0, Central_Meridian: 39.0,
Scale_Factor: 0.9996, Latitude_Of_Origin: 0.0, Linear Unit: Meter (1.0) on the Spatial Reference
Properties.
10. On the Spatial Reference Properties window, Click Ok.
Check the ‘name, feature type and spatial reference description’ filled in the Create New Shapefile
window.

11. Click Ok.

The new shapefile appears in the folder's contents.
 Apply the above procedure and create of rivers and towns and forest land shapefiles.
5.2: Creating New Features in ArcMap through on-Screen /Heads-up/ Digitization
1. Launch ArcMap
2. Open a New Blank map and add the geo-referenced map “Arjo_Referenced.tiff” to your map
from C /D/E >> GIS Training >> GIS Projects and click Ok.

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3. Add the new shapefile, “Roads”, you created in ArcCatalog from C /D/E >> GIS Training >>
GIS Project.
4. Display the Editor Toolbar (if hidden) by Right clicking on the empty portion of the main menu
bar and Select Editor.

1. Click on Editor Start Editing >> Create feature >> Select Roads >> Select line. Your Cursor is
changed in to Cross (+) sign when you put on the displayed Arjo_Georeferenced. You will now
be able to add line features using the sketch button.

2. Use the left mouse button to start adding or digitizing a feature.

3. Start digitizing the feature.
To add point features just click once.
To add lines and polygon features add the vertices that make up the line segments.
4. Right-click on the RED vertex while you are digitizing to get extra commands:
Delete vertex-removes the last vertex you digitized
Flip takes you to the beginning of the sketch you are digitizing
Trim removes a user-specified portion from the sketch you are digitizing
Delete Sketch removes the sketch you are digitizing
5. Right-clicking somewhere else in the map window pops up another set of commands (try
exploring what each of them would mean): Angle, Length, Absolute XY..
6. To set the snapping environment while digitizing:
i) Click Editor Dropdown arrow >> Snapping >> snapping tools
ii) Select any or all of the options (Point, Vertex, Edge, End and other options) in front of
Snapping for the file you are currently editing.
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iii) Check all or any of the snapping options by clicking the dropdown arrow
iv) You then need to set up the snapping distance options:
Editor>>Snapping >> Options >> type the snapping tolerance in map units/pixel >>
when finished click ok.
7. Double-click to finish.
8. When finished, click on Editor >> Stop Editing >> Click Yes to save or No for not to save
9. Save the editings >> Stop editing.
Apply the same procedure and create shapefiles (Rivers, forestland and towns).

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ACTIVITY 6: ADDING X,Y COORDINATE DATA

If you have some tabular data that contains geographic locations in the form of x,y coordinates, you can
add this to a map. You can easily collect x,y coordinate data using a global positioning system (GPS)
device.
In order to add a table of x,y coordinates to your map, set a table containing two fields, one for the x
coordinate and one for the y coordinate. The values in the fields may represent any coordinate system and
units such as latitude and longitude or meters. After creating the coordinates in the excel (Rename as GPS
data) and Save the file as CSV (coma delimited) or Excel workbook format.
To add the data go to ArcMap and
1. Click File on the menu bar>> select Add data >>Add XY data

2. Browse in to the file >> set the coordinate system by clicking on Edit.
3. In the spatial Reference properties select the coordinate system (predefined geographic/projected
or New/Import) .
4. In this case Select Projected >>UTM >> Africa >> Adindan UTM Zone 37N >> Ok >> Ok >>
Ok on the Table Does Not Have Object ID_Field. Event data will be displayed.
5. Export the event data in the TOC by giving name as Sample Sites and remove the event data.
6. Add the exported data (Sample Sites) to the display and make any necessary editions.

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ACTIVITY 7: PROXIMITY ANALYSIS

A) Creating Buffer zones
Buffers create a zone of specified distance of a feature. This allows analyzing proximity of other features.
You can make buffers around point, line or polygon features.
1. Click on ArcToolbox window from the Toolbar of ArcMap. Buffer tool can also be accessed
from the menu bar by selecting Geoprocessing tab.

2. Double-Click on ‘Analysis Tools’ >> ‘Proximity’ >> ‘Buffer’

3. Brows for the input feature >> Double click C /D/E >> GIS Project >> select Roads (the road
you created by heads up digitizing from Referenced_Arjo toposheet) >> Add.
4. Select a folder for the Output feature class >> Browse /D >> GIS Projects and type ‘Road
Buffer’ in the box in front of Name >> click save.
5. Type the buffer distance =5 and Select Kilometers for the distance Unit from the dropdown list
under Linear Unit

6. Optionally, choose any of the optional items and click the dropdown arrow under dissolve type
and select LIST.
7. Click OK in the Buffer dialog box. Wight until the Buffer Dialog completed the task
successfully.
You have now a Road _ Buffer in the file GIS Project and therefore, add the Road_Buffer and
display it in the ArcMap Window.

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In the same way, do buffering for point and polygon features.

B) Overlay Analysis:
I: Intersection Overlay:
This operation represents the Boolean AND operation.
1. Click the ArcToolbox >> Double click Analysis Tools >> Overlay >> Intersect. Intersection
tool can also be accessed from the menu bar by selecting Geoprocessing tab.
2. Click the Browse button on the Input Features box, navigate to /D and Double click on GIS Data
>> EthioGIS >> Administration >> Oromia Zones’ and click Add. Again do the same for
Oromia Rivers (Double click on EthioGIS >> Hydrology >> Oromia Rivers).
NB. Overlay requires at least 2 feature classes.
3. In the Output Feature class box, navigate to /D >> GIS Projects and type “Oromia_River_Basin”
as the layer name and click save.
4. Click the Join Attributes dropdown arrow and click ALL.
5. Leave the remaining fields as default and click OK.

6. When the intersection Process is complete, close the Intersect window.

7. The executed ‘Oromia_Riverbasin’ from GIS Projects is displayed in ArcMap Window.

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NB: Check the attribute table for Oromia Rivers and Oromia Zones separately and Compare with
Oromia river basin.
II: Clip one layer based on another
1. Click on the ArcToolbox and double click on Analysis Tools >> Extract >> Clip. Clip tool can
also be accessed from the menu bar by selecting Geoprocessing tab
2. For input Features, navigate to \D >> GIS Data >> Ethio_GIS >> Hydrology >> Ethio_River.
3. For Clip Features, navigate to \D >> double click GIS Data >> Ethio_GIS >> Benishangul Zone
and click Add.
4. In the Output Feature class box, ensure the correct path (\D >> GIS Projects) and type
Benishangul__River as the name and click Save.

5. When the clipping process is completed, the map will be Display in the ArcMap Window.

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ACTIVITY 8: USING SPATIAL ANALYST TO EXPLORE YOUR DATA

Enabling the Spatial Analyst toolbar
In addition to the core functionalities, ArcGIS has a number of Extensions (specialized modules) that are
both commercial and free. Of these, ESRI’s Spatial Analyst, 3D Analyst and Geostatistical Analyst are
among the common ones.
Name of the Extensions Extended Capabilities
3D Analyst 3-dimensional visualization and analysis
Spatial Analyst Surface Creation, raster analysis and grid algebra
Geostatistical Analyst Advanced Kriging & statistical Analysis for surface
estimation
A) Enabling Extensions
To use an extension for which you are registered or licensed, you must enable it in the extension dialog
box for the application you will use it.

1. Click Arctoolbox on the standard toolbar >>

2. Click the customize button on the standard toolbar >> toolbars >> Select Spatial Analyst or Right
click on the empty bar and select spatial Analyst.

B) Setting the Analysis Properties

Before you use Spatial Analyst, Prepare DEM data and all your data must be converted to raster format.
Add your raster data from C/D/E >> GIS Training >> DEM Data >> E_Wollega and click add to display
your raster data in the ArcMap.
C) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) & Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)
A surface representation derived from irregularly spaced sample points and breakline features.
TINs are made from mass points, breaklines, and polygons. They are often used to create DEM from
either contour lines or point height source data.
I. Creating a TIN

TINs are a form of vector-based digital geographic data and are constructed by triangulating a set of
vertices (points). The vertices are connected with a series of edges to form a network of triangles. A TIN
surface can be generated from either surface source measurements or by converting another functional
surface to a TIN surface.

We can convert a raster surface to a TIN for use in surface modeling or to simplify the surface model for
visualization. Converting to a triangulated irregular network (TIN) can also allow us to enhance our
surface model by adding features, such as streams and roads that are not represented in the original raster.

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The Raster To TIN geoprocessing tool is used to create a TIN from an input raster.

To do so:

1. Load the 3D Analyst Extension (Customize >> Extensions >> 3D Analyst).

2. Open the Raster to TIN tool from the 3D Analyst toolbox: Conversion >> Raster to TIN.
3. Click the browse button and browse to the raster that you want to convert to a TIN.
4. Click the browse button and browse to the location where you want to save the new TIN on disk.
5. Optionally, type a z-tolerance for the TIN.

The z-tolerance is the maximum number of units by which the TIN surface may differ from the
cell center heights of the input raster. A low number results in a TIN that preserves more of the
detail of the raster surface. A higher number results in a more generalized representation of the
surface.

6. Optionally, type a value in the Maximum Number of Points text box to add to the TIN in pursuit
of accuracy.
7. Optionally, type a value in the Z Factor text box.
8. Click OK to run the tool.

II. Creating a Contour

1. Click the Spatial Analyst tool in the Arctoolbox. Select surface >> double-click contour.
2. Click the Input surface and click the surface you want to contour (Select E_Wollega_elevation for
this Activity).
3. Click the browse button and browse to the location where you want to save the new polyline contour
on disk.
4. Type a Contour interval to specify the distance between contours.
5. Type a Base contour from which to start contouring from or leave the default of 0.
6. Optionally, type a value for the Z factor.
7. Click OK on the Contour dialog box.
The result of the contour function is added to the map as a new layer.
III. Creating Slope
1. Click the Spatial Analyst >> Surface >> and double click Slope.
2. Click the Input surface dropdown arrow and click the surface you want to calculate slope for. (Can
be surface or TIN source), for this Activity click E_Wollega_elevation.
3. Specify a name for the output raster and type Slope)
4. Choose the Output measurement units (either in Degree or percent); let it be Degree for this Activity.
5. Optionally, type a value for the Z factor.
6. Click OK on the Slope dialog box.
The result of the Slope function is added to the map as a new layer.

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ACTIVITY 9: PRESENTING DATA (CREATE MAPS, REPORTS AND GRAPHS)

9.1 Preparing Map Layout:
A map is composed of one or more data frames and data arranged on the page plus one or more map
elements. Simple maps usually have only a single data frame.
1. Open ArcMap
2. Add your data >> navigate to C/D/E >> your directory >> Admin >> Oromia_ Zone. Now
Oromia_Zone layer has been displayed.
3. Switch to layout view. To do so:
I. Click view menu >> Layout view or click on layout button at the bottom screen of ArcMAP.

Notice that the menu bar changes.

Now you can change the page layout and other features on your map. While viewing the layout, a
layout tool bar appears. These tools can be used to navigate around the map layout.
Zoom
Zoom in/out Fixed zoom in/out
Zoom to control
100%
Change layout

Pan Zoom whole Go to next/previous

page extent

Note: Once you are in layout view, you have to use this toolbar to zoom your map. To move the
maps inside the lay out data frame use the pan button from the tools.
9.2 Insert Legend, Scale Bar, Title, North arrow, and others.
9.2.1 Adding a scale bar
I. Click on Insert menu >> scale bar.

II. Scale bar selector dialog box will appear. Select the bar you think suitable for your application.

III. Click Properties to edit the scale.

IV. On the scale bar tab, click on scale and units.

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V. In the scale’s box, set the number of divisions to 2; number of subdivisions to 4 and thick the box in
front of show one division before zero. In ‘When resizing ….’ box, click the dropdown arrow and
select the ‘adjust division value’
VI. In the Units box, under division units, click the dropdown arrow and select kilometers to set the
division units to Km. Under the label position, click the dropdown arrow and select above the bar to
set the label position above the bar. In the label box over write kilometers with Km.

VII. Click apply >> Ok >> click Ok on the scale bar selector.
VIII. Adjust the position of the bar by clicking on the bar and dragging it to the appropriate bottom of
the map.
You can resize the scale bar in the layout.
9.2.2 Adding a North Arrow:
I. Click the insert menu >> North Arrow. The north arrow selector dialog box appears.
II. Click one of the north arrows and click Ok.

III. Click the north arrow displayed and drag it to the empty and appropriate space.
IV. Resize if necessary.
9.2.3 Adding a Legend
I. Click the insert menu and click Legend. The Legend wizard appears. You can select items to be
included in your legend using the above window.
II. Select an item from the left and click > to add it to your legend. Select an item from the right and
click < to remove it from your legend.
III. Click Next several times to step through the wizard accepting the default legend parameters.
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IV. Click finish when done.

V. The legend appears on your map.
VI. Click the legend and drag it to the appropriate place.
VII. Resize to appropriate size.
9.2.4 Adding a Title:
I. Click the insert menu and click Title.
II. Click the Title and type “OROMIA ZONES”
III. Resize as necessary.
9.2.5 Inserting Grids and Graticules:
Accessing the grids/graticule wizard
I. Click the View and click Data Frame Properties.

II. Click the Grids tab.

III. Click the New Grid button.
IV. In the grid/graticule wizard, click the Measured Grid option.
V. Type a name of the resulting grid. This name will appear in the list of grids in the data frame
properties dialog box.
VI. Follow the steps in the wizard and click next as you complete each panel.
VII. Click Finish.
Note: Once you have created grids and graticules, you can modify their properties:
View >> Data Frame Properties >> Grids >> Click on the Grid or Graticule >> Properties >> Make
your Changes >> Ok.
9.2.6 Saving Your Map as a Map Document (.mxd).
To do so:
I. Click file and click save as.

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II. Navigate to the folder in which you are interested (or create your own folder).
Click on my computer >> double click C/D/E >> GIS Training >> click on the icon create new folder
rename it (Oromia) >>open >> give a file name in the file name bar (OROMIA Map) >> Save.

9.2.7 Exporting A Map:

I. Click on File >> select Export Map …
II. Navigate to the directory and the folder to which you are going to export.
III. On the export map display window, select My Computer >> double click /D >> double click
Oromia folder (the one you created).
IV. At the lower part of the displayed export map window, in the box in front of File name type
‘OROMIA’.
V. In the Save as type box, click the dropdown arrow and select JPEG.

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VI. Click Save.

Now you have exported your map and thus you can add it on MS office word for presentation.

The End,

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