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Module-2

Engine auxiliary systems are essential components that support the main engine's operation, including the fuel supply, starting, ignition, electronic injection, lubrication, and cooling systems. These systems enhance performance, efficiency, and emissions control, with technologies like Electronic Fuel Injection and 3-Way Catalytic Converters playing key roles. Additionally, emission norms regulate pollutant levels to promote cleaner air and environmental sustainability.

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6 views1 page

Module-2

Engine auxiliary systems are essential components that support the main engine's operation, including the fuel supply, starting, ignition, electronic injection, lubrication, and cooling systems. These systems enhance performance, efficiency, and emissions control, with technologies like Electronic Fuel Injection and 3-Way Catalytic Converters playing key roles. Additionally, emission norms regulate pollutant levels to promote cleaner air and environmental sustainability.

Uploaded by

jha.ajay431
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Engine Auxiliary Systems: The

Supporting Cast
Engine auxiliary systems are those crucial components that work alongside the main
engine to ensure smooth operation, optimal performance, and extended lifespan.
Here's a breakdown of some key players:
 Fuel Supply System: Delivers the precisely measured amount of fuel (gasoline or diesel) to
the engine for combustion. It includes a fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel lines, and
injectors (or carburetor in older vehicles).
 Starting System: Cranks the engine to initiate the combustion process. It consists of a
battery, starter motor, ignition switch, and solenoid.
 Ignition System (Spark Ignition for Gasoline Engines): Creates the spark that ignites the air-
fuel mixture in the cylinder. It involves the battery, spark plugs, ignition coil, distributor (in
older cars), and electronic control module.
 Electronic Injection for SI (Spark Ignition) Engines: Replaces carburetors in modern gasoline
engines. It precisely controls fuel metering and injection based on engine conditions using
sensors and an electronic control unit (ECU) for better efficiency and emissions.
 Electronic Injection for CI (Compression Ignition) Engines: Similar to SI engines, it uses
electronic control to precisely inject diesel fuel into the cylinder at the right moment during
the compression stroke. This allows for efficient combustion and reduced emissions
compared to mechanical injection systems.
 Engine Lubrication System: Reduces friction, wear, and tear between moving engine parts. It
circulates oil under pressure throughout the engine using an oil pump, filter, and various
passages.
 Engine Cooling System: Maintains optimal engine operating temperature by regulating heat
transfer. It typically involves a water jacket surrounding the cylinders, a radiator with a fan
for air circulation, a thermostat to control coolant flow, and a water pump for circulation.

Deep Dive into Specific Systems:


1. Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI):
 SI Engines: Meters and injects gasoline directly into the intake manifold or cylinder for a
precise air-fuel mixture based on engine load and operating conditions. This improves fuel
efficiency, power output, and reduces emissions. Sensors like the Mass Air Flow (MAF)
sensor and Oxygen sensor provide data to the ECU for optimal control.
 CI Engines: Injects diesel fuel directly into the cylinder during the compression stroke. The
high pressure and temperature cause the fuel to ignite spontaneously. Electronic control
allows for precise injection timing and amount for better efficiency and reduced emissions
compared to mechanical injection pumps.

2. Engine Emission Control by 3-Way Catalytic Converter:


 Reduces harmful pollutants like hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen
oxides (NOx) from the engine exhaust. The converter contains a catalyst that promotes
chemical reactions, converting these pollutants into less harmful substances like water vapor
and carbon dioxide.

3. Emission Norms: Regulations set by governing bodies to limit the amount of


pollutants released by vehicles. These norms are constantly evolving to promote
cleaner air and address environmental concerns. Common emission standards include
Euro standards in Europe, and EPA standards in the United States.

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