Working Casts and Dies

1. ……………………… is the replica of preparedteeth, ridge areas and other parts of the dental
arch.
a) Fixed partial denture
b) Removable partial denture
c) Die
d) Working cast
2. Requirements of the die materials include the following, except
a) good strength
b) resist scratch and abrasion
c) compatible with impression material
d) poor dimensional stability
3. colloidal silica can be used as gypsum hardener, but its use is accompanied by:
a) slight increase in setting expansion
b) slight decrease in setting expansion
c) slight decrease in strength
d) slight increase in strength
4. …………………….. is an advantage of electroplated die.
a) can be saved for many years
b) being compatible with all impression materials
c) technique sensitive
d) time consuming
5. silicon impression materials are difficult to be electroplated because of their:
a) low surface energy
b) hydrophilic nature
c) water imbibition
d) rigidity
6. polysulfide impression materials cannot be plated accurately because of their:
a) hydrophilic nature
b) low surface energy
c) color
d) resistance to abrasion
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 Mark as True or False:
1. The die is the positive reproduction of the prepared tooth (True)

2. A good working cast must reproduce both prepared & unprepared tooth surfaces (True)
3. A good die must not reproduce the preparedtooth exactly (False)

4. 0.5-1 mm unprepared tooth structure cervical to the finish line should be easily
discernible on the working die (True)

5. ResinRock is a resin-strengthen gypsum product with high strength and low expansion
(True)

6. Resin as a die material offer better abrasion resistance than gypsum. (True)

7. Fixed prosthesis fabricated on resin dies will fit more tightly than those made on gypsum.
(True)

8. Electroplated die cannot overcome the poor abrasion resistance of gypsum. (False)

9. Dowel Pen technique is a working cast with separate die. (False)

10. Pindex system is a working cast with removable die. (True)

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Wax Pattern
 Choose the correct answer
1. Which one of the following instruments is used for refining occlusal anatomy?
a) PKT no.1
b) PKT no.2
c) PKT no 3
d) PKT no 4
2. The die is coated by ……………………………………...... to prevent the wax from sticking to the
die stone.
a) Die lubricant
b) Die hardener
c) Die spacer
d) sticky wax
3. The initial layer of the wax (wax copping) is done by ………… the die in to a small metal
container.
a) Injected
b) Added
c) Dipping
d) Pressing
4. Wax coping is formed with ………………………………………………………..
a) wax carver
b) wax spatula
c) wax burnisher
d) wax addition instrument
5. The proximal contacts are located …………………………………between the maxillary first and
second molar.
a) Facially toward occlusal
b) Lingually toward occlusal
c) in the occlusal third
d) in the middle third
6. The proximal contacts should be more than a point without encroachment on the
………….
a) emergence profile
b) gingival embrasure
c) cervical embrasure
d) biological width
7. The height of contour on the lingual surface of the mandibular teeth is located in
the………………………………..
a) Cervical third
b) Occlusal third
c) Middle third
d) Occlusal surface
8. The height of contour on the lingual surface of the maxillary premolar and molars is
located in the………………………………..
a) Cervical third
b) Occlusal third
c) Middle third
d) Occlusal surface
9. The height of contour on the facial surface of the posterior teeth is located in the ……
a) Cervical third
b) Occlusal third
c) Middle third
d) Occlusal surface
10. ………………………………………..is the part of the axial contour that extends from the base of
the gingival sulcus to the height of the contour.
a) Free gingival margin
b) Emergence profile
c) Cervical half of the proximal surface
d) Contact area
11. Emergence profile is the part of the axial contour that extends from the base of the
gingival sulcus past the …………………………to the height of the contour , producing a
………………… profile in the gingival third.
a) the connective tissue attachment, straight
b) the free gingiva, concave
c) the connective tissue attachment, convex
d) the free gingiva, straight
12. Occlusal forces are directed with the long axis of the tooth in ………… occlusal scheme.
a) Cusp to fossa
b) Cusp to marginal ridge
c) Tooth to two teeth
d) Canine guidance
13. The most natural type of occlusion is ………………………………..
a) cusp to cusp type
b) cusp to marginal ridge
c) tooth to tooth
d) cusp to fossa
14. Margin of the wax pattern is re-melted with …………………………
a) PKT no 1
b) beavertail burnisher
c) PKT no 3
d) PKT no 4
15. ………………………………… is any roughness in the wax near the margin that will be
duplicated in the casting.
a) Nodules
b) Ripples
c) air bubbles
d) Thick margin
16. If the margin of the wax pattern isn’t closely adapted to the die in the marginal area it
is considered ……………………………………………
a) Over-waxed margins
b) Ripples
c) Thick margin
d) Open margin
17. The axial surface of the crown cervical to the proximal contact should be ………………..
a) Flat or slightly convex
b) Short
c) Flat or slightly concave
d) Overcontoured

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 Put true or false

1. The wax coping is removed using a piece of washed rubber dam with a constant grip.
(True)

2. Electric waxing instruments isn’t preferred than PKTs waxing instruments. (False)

3. The proximal contacts should be just a point occlusogingivally. (False)

4. The proximal contacts between the posterior teeth are centralized occlusogingivally.
(False)

5. The height of contour on the facial surface of the posterior teeth is located in the cervical
third. (False)

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Investing
 Choose the correct answer

1. Normally a resilient liner is placed inside the ring leaving………………from both ends to
allow contact of investment with the ring
a) 3-5 mm
b) 2-3 mm
c) 4-6 mm
d) 6-8 mm
2. The maximum usable temperature for gypsum bonded investment is about
…………………..
a) 650 o C
b) 800 o C
c) 1000 o C
d) 1100 o C
3. Gypsum bonded investment is generally used for………………………
a) gold casting alloy
b) Ni-Cr casting alloy
c) titanium casting alloy
d) Co-Cr casting alloy
4. What is the advantage of phosphate bonded investment over gypsum bonded
investment?
a) less alloy contamination during decomposition
b) much more expansion than the other two investment types
c) there is no shrinkage during the initial setting reaction
d) they produce the smoothest surface casting of all types
5. The special liquid in phosphate bonded investment ……………………
a) colloidal silica
b) distalled water
c) phosphoric acid
d) monomer
6. Casting pressure may cause phosphate bonded investment fracture if the investment
bridge is less than…………………. mm from the open part of the ring
a) 3 mm
b) 4 mm
c) 5 mm
d) 6 mm
7. Uniform thickness of investment around the wax pattern is preferred to……………………….
a) prevent investment fracture during casting
b) produce a uniform investment expansion
c) assure residual gas escape during burning out process
d) facilitate removal of investment after casting
8. hygrospcopic expansion increased by
a) increase w/p ratio of the investment
b) increase mixing time of the investment
c) mixing of the investment powder with colloidal silica
d) Using of wet ring liner.
9. ………………………………….. is used with alloys with high melting temperature.
a) gypsum bonded investment
b) phosphate bonded investment
c) silicate bonded investment
d) amalgam die
10. All these factors increase expansion of the gypsum bonded investment EXCEPT
a) lower w/p ratio
b) using with nobel alloys
c) use of dry liner
d) full width ring liner

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 Put true or false

1. Ceramic liner not absorbs water except under vaccum. (True)

2. Prolonged spatulation is a factor to increase expansion of gypsum bonded investment.

(True)

3. Phosphate bonded investment can’t be used with alloys with high melting temperature.
(False)

4. Mixing the powder of phosphate bonded investment with colloidal silica increase
roughness of the casting. (False)

5. Setting expansion of the investment occurs due to normal crystal growth. (True)

6. Thermal expansion of the investment occurs due to submerging the ring in water path.
(False)

7. Hygroscopic expansion of the investment occurs due to submerging the ring in water
path. (True)

8. Plastic ring is removed before putting the investment in the oven. (True)

9. The investment mold is easy to crack during ringless technique. (True)

10. In vaccum technique the investment is vaccum mixing, hand pouring. (False)
 Die and Spruing
 Chose the most correct answer:
1. The sprue in wax pattern should be placed ………………………..
a) at right angle
b) at 45°C angle
c) at obtuse angle
d) with any angulation
2. The function of a sprue is to ……………………………
a) make channel of molten metal to enter the mold
b) help polish cast restorations
c) eliminate air bubbles on the wax pattern
d) reproduce fine detail
3. Diameter of sprue should be …………. than the thickest portion of the pattern.
a) thinner
b) thicker
c) 1mm thinner
d) 2mm thinner
4. The sprue should be attached to …………………..
a) the bulkiest part of the pattern
b) the function cusp part of the pattern
c) the margin area of the pattern
d) the central fossa of the pattern
5. The length of sprue should not exceed …………………..
a) 8 mm
b) 7 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 5 mm
6. The joint between the sprue former and the wax pattern done by applying …………..
a) resin
b) sticky wax
c) glass ionomer
d) blue stone
7. Small auxiliary sprue attached to the wax pattern is called ………………………….
a) attachment
b) running bar
c) crucible former
d) vents
8. …………………… enhances wetting of the pattern during investing.
a) Separating medium
b) Die spacer
c) Surfactant
d) Die hardener
9. A good casting wax must:
a) flow without chipping
b) flow with flaking
c) flow without heating
d) flow when cooled
10. During die trimming, most of bulk trimming is performed using:
a) Lab carbide bur
b) Scalpel
c) Model trimmer
d) Small round bur
11. During working die preparation, fine trimming is performed with
a) scalpel
b) acrylic trimming bur
c) large round bur
d) cast trimmer
12. During die trimming and preparation, small dimple in the die can be blocked with:
a) resin
b) gypsum
c) die spacer
d) rubber
13. On the die, location of the cavo-surface margin is marked with:
a) colored graphite-free pencil
b) colored pencil
c) ordinary lead pencil
d) dark colored pencil
14. During die preparation, ordinary lead pencil is not recommended to mark the margins
of die because:
a) It does not abrade the die
b) It prevents complete casting
c) It decreases surface tension
d) Expensive
15. During die preparation, which of the following is applied to cover the die beyond finish
line area?
a) Die hardener
b) Die spacer
c) Wax
d) Resin
16. For each wall of the casting, the ideal dimension for the cement space is:
a) 20-40 µm
b) 10-20 µm
c) 40-60 µm
d) 60-80 µm
17. Cement space can be increased by the use of
a) increased expansion of investment
b) resin dies
c) reduced expansion of the investment mold
d) casting alloys with higher melting range
18. Die spacer is painted on the die but, a band near the margin must be left unpainted
which is about:
a) 1 mm
b) 2 mm
c) 3 mm
d) 4 mm
19. For wax pattern fabrication, electric waxing instrument is preferred because of the
following, except:
a) allow precise temperature control
b) carbon buildup can be kept to minimum
c) no Bunsen flame is needed
d) investment can be delayed
20. Requirements of the die materials include the following, except:
a) Good strength
b) Resist scratch and abrasion
c) Compatible with impression material
d) Poor dimensional stability
 Casting and casting defects
 Choose the correct answer

1. Casting with back pressure porosity could be a result of…………………

a) excessive heat during burn out
b) loose particles of investment
c) air trapped during entrance of the molten metal
d) prolonged vibration after pouring the investment
2. Surface roughness of a casting could be due to………………………………..
a) overheating of the investment
b) inadequate melting of casting alloy
c) insufficient casting force
d) improper P/L ratio of investment
3. Incomplete casting could be due to ………………….
a) rough surface of wax pattern that was overlooked
b) excess surfactant on pattern
c) decreased powder in P/L ratio of investment
d) excessive cooling “ freezing” of mold
4. All of the following are causes for casting nodules EXCEPT
a) lack of surfactant on pattern
b) inadequate mix of investment
c) excessive cooling “freezing” of mold
d) inadequate vacuum during investment
5. Casting fins are caused by cracks in investment that have been filled with molten
metal. Crack results from improperly situated pattern.
a) both statements are true.
b) both statements are false.
c) first statement is true, second statement is false.
d) first statement is false, second statement is true.
6. All of the following are causes for back pressure porosity EXCEPT
a) locating pattern away from end of ring
b) using inadequately porous investment
c) improper vaccum during investing
d) too narrow sprue
7. Suck back porosity could be due to …………………..
a) too wide sprue
b) too short sprue
c) incorrectly located sprue
d) use of a vent
8. During using of metal sprue, if there is a little amount of rust material remnants it may
lead to………………………………….
a) inclusion porosity
b) incomplete casting
c) suck back porosity
d) back pressure porosity
9. Premature handling of the casting ring causes……………………………….
a) distortion of the margins
b) nodules on the surface
c) fins on the surface
d) internal porosity
10. Pickling usually is………………………………………………………………….
a) a solution of sulphuric acid
b) an oxidizing agent
c) a cleaner for porcelain gas
d) the investment of a wax pattern
11. Roughness of the surface of the casting may be due to………………….
a) excess surfactant
b) investment breakdown
c) incomplete wax elimination
d) incomplete gas elimination
12. Multiple nodules of the casting are due to all the following EXCEPT
a) incomplete wax elimination
b) lack of surfactant
c) improper brush technique
d) inadequate vacuum during investing
13. What is the name of casting defect that is produced due to cracks in the investment?
a) shrink-spot porosity
b) gas porosity
c) hot tears
d) fins
14. Which type of flame is used for casting of base metal alloy?
a) single orifice gas oxygen torch
b) multiorifice gas air torch
c) multiorifice gas oxygen torch
d) single orifics oxyacetylene torch
15. The hottest zone in the flame that used to heat the casting alloy is………………….
a) oxidizing zone
b) reducing zone
c) combustion zone
d) mixing zone
16. Which statement is correct?
a) clay crucibles are used for melting gold based alloys.
b) clay crucibles are used for melting base metal alloys.
c) carbon crucibles are used for melting base metal alloys.
d) zircon crucibles aren’t used for melting base metal alloys.
17. Recovery of the casting from phosphate bonded investment is done by …………………
a) the casting ring is plunger under water for 5 minutes
b) breaking and forcibly removed
c) immersion in 50%hydrochloric acid
d) immersion in sulfuric acid
18. Accelerated casting technique is used to make cast of …………………………..
a) metal ceramic alloys for all metallic crown
b) metal ceramic alloys for post and core
c) metal ceramic alloys in gypsum bonded investment
d) single crown in gypsum bonded investment
19. During wax elimination temperature must be maintained long enough to minimize
sudden drop this is called ………………………..
a) heating temperature
b) accelerated heating
c) conventional heating
d) heat soak
20. Accelerated casting technique require …………………………. for burnout of wax.
a) 15 min
b) 1 h.
c) 45 min.
d) 2 h.
21. Conventional alloys can be melted with ………………………………………
a) single orifice gas air torch
b) multiorifice gas air torch
c) multiorifice gas oxygen torch
d) single orifice oxyacetylene torch
22. Final combustion between the gas and surrounding air of the torch occurs
in…………………………
a) reducing zone
b) oxidizing zone
c) mixing zone
d) combustion zone
23. Fins are caused by cracks in the investment. Cracks may be due to Weak mix of
investment (high powder/ water ratio).
a) a)both statements are true.
b) both statements are false.
c) first statement is true, second statement is false.
d) first statement is false, second statement is true.
24. Incomplete casting of normal-thickness wax patterns may be due to …………..
a) inadequate heating of the metal
b) no venting
c) weak investment
d) Improper brush technique
25. Which one of the following is a cause of marginal discrepancies?
a) Overheating of the investments.
b) Using investment material of large grain size.
c) Distortion during removal of the wax pattern from the die
d) Excess surfactant

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 Put true or false

1. Casting with minute nodules can be seated accurately on the die. (False)

2. The casting may be too large due to inadequate spatulation of the investment. (True)

3. Uneven expansion of the mold may lead to marginal discrepancies. (True)

4. Back pressure porosity may be due to Particles of investment dislodged during

casting. (False)
5. Locating the pattern near the end of the ring (6 to 8 mm) may be a cause of back

pressure porosity. (False)

6. Incorrectly located sprue leads to suck back porosity. (True)

7. The investment ring is placed in the furnace on a tray with the sprue facing down. (True)

8. In conventional casting technique 15 minutes are required for burnout of wax. (False)