Name _______________________________ Per ___ Exponents & Logarithms Review

Directions: Solve on your own paper. Show all work; answers with no work will receive no credit.

For questions 1-5, match the following and show the work that justifies the answer.

𝟑𝒃 𝟑√𝒂 √𝒃
(A) 𝒂 = 𝟗
(B) 𝒃 = 𝒂
(C) 𝒂 = 𝟑𝒃 (D) 𝒃 = 𝒂𝟗 (E) 𝒂 = 𝟗𝒃𝟐

9
1. 𝑏 2 = 𝑎 is equivalent to ____

3 √9𝑎 4
4. √𝑏 = 1 −1 is equivalent to ____
( 𝑎)
3

2. 𝑎 = 3𝑏−2 is equivalent to ____

1
1 2 5. 𝑎2 = is equivalent to ____
3. 𝑎 = (√3 ∙ 𝑏 −1 32 𝑏2 ) is equivalent to ____ 9𝑏

Find the exponential function that passes through the following points:

6. (-2, 27) and (1, 1)

7. (2, 1.8) and (4, 4.05)

8. (-1, 16) and (2, 2)

Solve for x. Report all answers as decimals rounded to the thousandths place.

9. log3 (𝑥 + 4) − log3 (𝑥 − 4) = 2 10. 92𝑥−3 = 27𝑥+6

11. 5𝑒 2𝑥 − 8 = 42 14. 4 ∙ 82𝑥+1 = 2 ∙ 32𝑥−1

15. log2 (𝑥) − log2 (𝑥 − 3) = 2

12. log4 (2𝑥 − 7) = 3

16. 34𝑥 = 5𝑥−1

13. log2 (𝑥) + log2 (𝑥 + 2) = log2 (𝑥 + 6)

Graph the function on graph paper (By hand! No Desmos! No calculator!), mark any asymptotes, and give the domain,
range, x-or y-intercepts and end behavior.

2 𝑥−4 19. 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 3

17. 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 ∙ (3)

1
20. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 log4 (𝑥) + 5
18. 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 log3 (𝑥 − 1)
21. If $1200 is deposited into a savings account and earns 2.3% annual interest, what will be the amount in the account
at the end of 12 years if the interest is compounded:
a. Monthly?

b. Continuously?

22. If the interest rate on a certificate of deposit is 4.8%, the initial deposit was made in 2006, and there is $3000 in the
certificate of deposit in 2013, what was the initial deposit if the interest is compounded quarterly?

23. A savings bond is purchased for $600 and invested for a period of 20 years. What interest rate would be required
for the value to double over the period of the investment, if the interest is compounded monthly?

24. A colony of insects is growing continuously, with a growth rate of 14% per year. If there are originally 102 insects in
the colony in 2008, how many insects are there in the colony in 2014? (Round to the nearest whole insect.)

25. List the three properties of logarithms (not including 1 4

29. Find the inverse of 𝑔(𝑥) = −14 log8 ( 𝑥 − ) + 22
3 3
the change-of-base rule).

26. log𝑎 (𝑏) = 9 is equivalent to what exponential

30. Condense into a single logarithm:
equation? 1 3
2 log5 (𝑥 − 7) + log5 (𝑦) + log5 ( √𝑧) + 2 log5 (𝑦)
2

27. 𝑎 = 3𝑏−2 is equivalent to what logarithmic equation?

28. Find the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 31 ∙ 2(−𝑥+13) − 7 31. Condense into a single logarithm:
2 log6 (𝑥 − 2) − 3 log6 (𝑧) − 4 log6 (√𝑦)
32. Condense into a single logarithm: 34. Expand into a sum or difference:
1 𝑦 −2 𝑧
log3 𝑝 + 4 log3 (2𝑟 − 1) − 2 log3 𝑟 log8 ( 2𝑥 3 )
2

33. Expand into a sum or difference:

9𝑝𝑞2
log3 ( )
√𝑟

35. The Scott Turtle Preservation Society introduces a population of 100 endangered turtles into a wildlife preserve. The
1000
population of turtles will increase according to the function 𝑝(𝑡) = 1+9𝑒 −0.16𝑡 where t is the number of years since
the turtles have been released and 𝑝(𝑡) is the current population. How long will it take for the population of turtles
to reach 120?

36. CHALLENGE: Try to use the exponential properties to prove the quotient rule for logarithms.
 Answer Key

1. B 18. Domain: (1, ∞); Range: all real #s;

2. A x-Intercept (2, 0), Asymptote 𝑥 = 1
3. E As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → ∞
4. D As 𝑥 → −∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → −∞
5. C

1 𝑥
6. 𝑦 = 3 (3)

7. 𝑦 = 0.8(1.5)𝑥

1 𝑥
8. 𝑦 = 8 (2)

9. 𝑥 = 5

10. 𝑥 = 24

ln 10
11. 2
≈ 1.151
19. Domain: all real #s; Range: (−3, ∞);
71 y-Intercept (0, −2) ; Asymptote: 𝑦 = −3
12. 35.5 or 2 As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → ∞
As 𝑥 → −∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → −3
13. 𝑥 = 2 (𝑥 = −3 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑡)

14. 𝑥 = −9

15. 𝑥 = 4

16. 𝑥 = −0.578

17. Domain: all real #s; Range: (0, ∞);

y-Intercept (0, 25.315); Asymptote: 𝑦 = 0
As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → 0
As 𝑥 → −∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → ∞ 20. Domain: (0, ∞); Range: all real #s;
1
x-intercept: ( 10 , 0), Asymptote: 𝑥 = 0
4
As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → ∞
As 𝑥 → −∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → −∞
21. A) $1581.00 B) $1581.42

22. $2148.16
36. The quotient property is
23. 3.47% 𝑚
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑚 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑛
𝑛
24. 236 insects
Let 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑚 = 𝑥 and 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑦.
25.
Write those in exponential form: 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑚 and 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑛.
The Product Property: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑚 ⋅ 𝑛) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑚 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑛
𝑚 𝑚 𝑏𝑥
The Quotient Property: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( 𝑛 ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑚 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑛 That means that = 𝑏𝑦.
𝑛
The Power Property: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑚𝑛 ) = 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑚
𝑚 𝑏𝑥
So 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( 𝑦 ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑏 𝑥−𝑦 ) = 𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑛 𝑏
26. b = a 9
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑚 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑛
27. b = log 3 a + 2

𝑥+7
28. 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 13 − log2 ( ) or
31

𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 13 − log2 (𝑥 + 7) + log2 31

22−𝑥
29. 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = 3 ∙ 8 14 +4
5 1
30. log5 ((𝑥 − 7)2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 )

(𝑥−2)2
31. log6 ( 𝑧3 𝑦2
)

(2𝑟−1)4 √𝑝
32. log3 ( 𝑟2
)

1
33. 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑝 + 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑞 − 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑟

1
34. 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 𝑧 − 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 𝑦 − 3 − 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 𝑥

35. 1.280 years