Department of Education

Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

Mathematics 9
Week 1
Lesson 1 Graph of Quadratic Function
Competency ● graph a quadratic function and determine the following: (a) domain; (b)
range; (c) intercepts; (d) axis of symmetry; (e) vertex; (f) direction of the
opening of the parabola.

The graph of a quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is called parabola. You have

noticed that the parabola opens upward or downward.
For a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 to be a quadratic function, simply replace
0 by y or 𝑓(𝑥) to form the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 or 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.
The Domain and the Range
The domain of a quadratic function is the set of all real numbers. The range
depends on whether the parabola opens upward or downward. If it opens upward, the
range is the set of {𝑦: 𝑦 ≥ 𝑘}; if it opens downward, then the range is the set {𝑦: 𝑦 ≤ 𝑘}.

Illustrative Examples 1.1

1. Graph the quadratic function f(x)= 𝑥 2 −2 using its domain and range.
• Construct a Table of Values
The x-values are the said to be the domain of the function, while the y-
values are the resulting value or the range.
o Assign values for x; let us say -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 , then solve for y.
f(x)= 𝑥 2 −2 y = 𝑥 2 −2

if x=-2 y = (−2)2 −2 if x=1 y = 𝑥 2 −2

= 4-2 y = (1)2 −2
y=2 y= -1
if x=-1 y = 𝑥 2 −2 if x=2 y = 𝑥 2 −2
= (−1) −2
2
= (2)2 −2
= 1-2 = 4-2
y = -1 y=2
if x=0 y = 𝑥 2 −2 if x=3 y = 𝑥 2 −2
= (0) −2
2 = (3)2 −2
= 0-2 =9-2
y = -2 y=7
o Organize the values using the table

x (domain) -2 -1 0 1 2 3

y (range) 2 -1 -2 -1 2 7

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Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

Ordered pair (-2,2) (-1,-1) (0,-2) (1,-1) (2,2) (3,7)

o Plot the points

2. Graph the quadratic function f(x)= 𝑥 2 +2x−15.

x (domain) -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

y (range) -12 -15 -16 -15 -12 -7 0

2
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

Vertex, Axis of Symmetry and Intercepts of Quadratic Function

There is a line called the axis of symmetry which divides the graph into two parts
such that one-half of the graph is a reflection of the other half. If the quadratic function
is expressed in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘, the vertex is the point (h,k). The line x=h is the
axis of symmetry and k is the minimum or maximum value of the function.
The solutions or the roots of the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 are the x-
coordinates of the points of intersection of its graph and the x-axis. It means that the
coordinates of the points of intersection is (x,0).
−𝑏
Axis of symmetry of quadratic function y= ax2 +bx + c is obtained by 𝑥 = .
2𝑎

Illustrative Examples 1.2

1) What are the intercepts of the quadratic function y = 2𝑥 2 -5x-3?

• Find the roots of the function using
any method of solving quadratic
equations.
o by factoring method; y = 2𝑥 2 -5x−3
let y = 0 ; 0 = 2𝑥 2 -5x−3
0 = 2𝑥 -5x−3
2

0 = (x-3) (2x+1)
0 = x-3 ; 0 = 2x+1
x-3=0 ; 2x+1 = 0
𝟏
x=3 ; 2x = -1 or x = - 𝟐

𝟏
Since the roots are - and 3, the intercepts
𝟐
of the quadratic function y = 2𝑥 2 −5𝑥 − 3
𝟏
are (0, - 𝟐) and (0,3).

2) Graph the quadratic function y = 3x2 + 12x + 3 using its vertex and axis of
symmetry
• From the equation we obtained: a= 3 b=12 c=3

Axis of Symmetry
−𝑏 −12 −12
• Using the formula 𝑥 = x= x= x = -2
2𝑎 2(3) 6
Vertex
• Rewrite the y=3x2 + 12x + 3 into vertex or standard form y= a(x-h)2 + k

y= 3x2 + 12x + 3 y = 3(x+2)(x+2) -9

= (3x2 + 12x) + 3 y = 3(x+2)2 - 9
= 3(x2 + 4x) + 3 y = a(x-h)2 + k h=-2 ; k=-9
= 3(x2 + 4x + 4) + 3 -12

Vertex (h,k) = (-2, -9)

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Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

• Construct a table of values

From the vertex (-2,-9), the x-value is -2. Choose numbers that are greater
and less than x-value to represent the other x-values.

x (domain) -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1

y (range) 18 3 -6 -9 -6 3 18

• Plot the points

3) Graph the quadratic function y = -2x2 + 4x + 6 .

• The values obtained are: a= -2 b= 4 c=6
Axis of Symmetry
−𝑏 −4 −4
• Using the formula 𝑥 = x= x= x=𝟏
2𝑎 2(−2) −4
Vertex
• Rewrite the y =-2x2 + 4x + 6 into vertex or standard form y= a(x-h)2 + k
y = -2x2 + 4x + 6 y = -2(x-1)(x-1) +8
= (-2x + 4x) + 6
2 y = -2(x-1)2 + 8
= -2(x2 - 2x) + 6 h=1 ; k=8
= -2(x2 -2x + 1) + 6 + 2 Vertex (h,k) = (1,8)
• Construct a table of values
Choose numbers greater than and less than 1 for x-values

4
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

x (domain) -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

y (range) -10 0 6 8 6 0 -10

• Plot the points

Activity 1

A. Determine the Vertex and Axis of Symmetry of the given quadratic functions:
Copy and complete the table.

Equation Vertex Axis of Symmetry

𝑦 = 𝑥2
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 2
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2 + 2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 12

B. Draw the graph of the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8. Show the vertex, axis
of symmetry and the intercepts. (Use the graphing paper)

5
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

Week 2
Lesson 2 Values of a, h, and k in the Graph of Quadratic
Function
Competency ● analyze the effects of changing the values of a, h and k of a quadratic function
on its graph

The equations of the families of the parabola are closely related. Hence, changing
the parameter in an equation results in a different parabola in the family.
Parent Functions are the function out of the group of functions that all the other
functions are derived from. They are the most basic form of function in a group.
In the quadratic functions, the parent function is in a form of y=x2. Other form of
quadratic function derived from this is the standard form y = (x-h)2 + k.
Parent Function Standard Form
y = x2 y = (x-h)2 + k
a=1
h=0 the Vertex is at (0,0)
k=0

Changing the value of k in 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 translate the parabola vertically.

• If k>0, the parabola is translated k units upward.
• If k<0, the parabola is translated k units downward.

Illustrative Examples 2.1

1) Observe that the graphs of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2 are on one set

of axes. The value of k in these equations are 0, 1, and -2, respectively. The
graphs are:
• all the same shape,
• all open upwards,
• all have vertex on the y-axis

y = x2+1 y = x2

y = x2-2

The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 is translated 1 unit upward as compared to the graph

of y = 𝑥 2 while the graph of y = 𝑥 2 − 2 is translated 2 units downward as compared
to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .

2) Compare the graph of the first equation to the graph of the second equation.

6
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

Equation 1: 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1 ; k=1 (positive) upward

Equation 2: 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 − 2 ; k=-2 (negative) downward

The graph of y=(x-2)2 + 1 is

translated 1 unit upward of the x-
axis while the graph of y=(x-2)2 -2 is
translated 2 units downward of the
x-axis.
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1

𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1

Changing the value of h in 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌 translates the graph horizontally.

• If h> 0, the graph translates h units to the right of the origin.
• If h < 0, the graph translates h units to left of the origin.

Illustrative Examples 2.2

1) Observe that the graphs of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , y = (𝑥 + 1)2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 are on the set
of axes. The values of h in these equations are 0, -1, and 1 respectively. The
graphs are:
• all the same shape
• All open upwards
• all have vertex on the x – axis.

The graph of 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 is translated 1 unit to the right as compared to the

graph of y = 𝑥 2 while the graph of y = (𝑥 − 1)2 is translated 1 unit to the left as
compared to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2

7
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

2) Compare the graph of the three equations

Equation 1: 𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 2 ; h= 0 at the origin
Equation 2: 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3) + 2 ; h= 3 (positive)
2 to the right
Equation 3: 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 + 2 ; h= -2 (negative) to the left

The graph of 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2 + 2 is translated 3 units to the right of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +

2 while the graph of 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 + 2 is translated 2 units to the left of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +
2.

Changing the value of a in 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌 affects the direction of the opening and
the shape of the graph.
• If 𝑎 > 0, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑.
• If 𝑎 < 0, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑.
• If /a/ < 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .
• If /a/ > 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .

In the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, the larger the /a/ is, the narrower is the graph.

Illustrative Examples 2.3

1) Compare the graphs of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 8𝑥 2

𝑦 = 𝑥2 ; a=1
𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 ; a=2
𝑦 = 8𝑥 2 ; a=8

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Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

The graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 is narrower than the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , while the graph of

𝑦 = 8𝑥 2 is narrower than the graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 .

2) Observe the graphs of the two quadratic functions, 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 and y= -4𝑥 2 .

𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 a = 4 (positive) opens upward
𝑦 = −4𝑥 2 a = -4 (negative) opens downward

y = 4x2

y = -4x2

Activity 2

Describe the graph of the following quadratic functions based from the values of a,
h and k. Put a check on the column that fits the description.

Quadratic Opens… Moves to the… Translates…

Function Upward Downward Left Right Horizontally Vertically
1) y =-x2
2) y = x2 + 2
3) y = 2(x-3)2+10
4) y = -(x+2)2 -5
5) y = 3x2+6x+12

9
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

Week 3
Lesson 3 Equation of Quadratic Functions
Competency ● determine the equations of a quadratic function given: (a) table of values; (b)
graph; and (c) zeros.

The equation of a quadratic function f(x)=x2-3x-4 is not unique since there are other
quadratic functions whose zeros are -1 and 4 like f(x)=2x2-6x-8, f(x)=3x2-9x-12 and
many more. These equations of quadratic functions are obtained by multiplying the right-
hand side of the equation by a nonzero constant.

The equations of quadratic function follow the form f(x)=a(x-x1) (x-x2) where x1=r1,
x2 = r2 and a is a nonzero constant. This can be generated through table of values, zeros
of the function and graph.

Illustrative Examples 3.1

Equation of Quadratic Function Using the Table of Values

1) Find the equation of the quadratic function represented by the table of values below:
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

y 24 16 10 6 4 4 6

• Select 3 points from the table and use these as values of x and y in the equation y
= ax2 + bx + c. Let us choose (-1,10) , (1,4) , and (2,4)

• Make 3 linear equations using the 3 points

Equation 1 y = ax2 + bx + c Equation 3 y = ax2 + bx + c
(-1,10) 10 = a(-1)2+b(-1) + c (2,4) 4 = a(2)2+b(2) + c
10 = a(1)-b+c 4 = a(4) + 2b + c
10 = a-b+c 4 = 4a + 2b + c

Equation 2 y = ax2 + bx + c
(1,4) 4 = a(1)2+b(1)+c
4 = a(1)+b+c
4 = a+b+c

We obtained a system of linear equation in three variables, a, b, and c.

• Solve for the values of a, b, and c using the 3 linear equations

10
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

✓ Eliminate any letter among the three letters in the system. In this case, we will
eliminate b.
Add equations 1 and 2 to eliminate b
10 = a-b+c
4 = a+b+c
14 = 2a +2c (divide by 2 to make it reduced)
14 = 2a + 2c
2
7=a+c equation 4

✓ We can use equations 1 and 3 to eliminate again the variable b. Since the
numerical coefficients of the variable b are different, we will make the same by
having equivalent equations.
Using equation 1: 10 = a-b+c
Multiply the whole equation by 2 2(10 = a-b+c) 20=2a-2b+2c
Add the two equations 20= 2a-2b+2c
4 = 4a+2b+c
24 = 6a +3c equation 5

✓ Eliminate any variable of equations 4 and 5. We will eliminate a.

Using equation 4: 7 = a + c
Multiply the whole equation by 6 6(7 = a + c) 42=6a+6c
subtract the two equations 42=6a+6c
24=6a+3c
18= 3c
18 = 3c
3
6=c
✓ Solve for the value of a. Use any of the equations 4 and 5.
Using equation 4: 7=a+c Using equation 5: 24 = 6a +3c
c=6 7=a+6 24 = 6a +3(6)
7-6 = a + 6 – 6 24 = 6a+18
1=a 24-18=6a+18-18
a=1 6 = 6a
6 = 6a
6
1= a or a=1
✓ Solve for the value of b. use any of the equations 1, 2 and 3.
Using equation 2: 4 = a+b+c
a=1 4 = 1+b+6
c=6 4 = 7+b
-7=7+b-7
-3=b
✓ Substitute the values of a, b, and c in the general form of the quadratic function
f(x)= ax2 + bx + c.

11
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

a= 1 f(x)= ax2 + bx + c
b=-3 =1x2+(-3)x+6
c= 6 f(x) = x2-3x+6

The equation of the quadratic function given the table of values is f(x) = x2-3x+6.

2) Find the equation of the quadratic function represented by the table of values below:
x -2 -1 0 1 2

y -7 -7 -5 -1 5

• Select 3 points from the table use these as values of x and y in the equation y = ax2
+ bx + c. Let us choose (0,-5) , (1,-1) , and (2,5)
• Make 3 linear equations using the 3 points
Equation 1 y = ax2 + bx + c Equation 3 y = ax2 + bx + c
(0,-5) -5 = a(0)2+b(0) + c (2,5) 5 = a(2)2+b(2) + c
-5 = c 5 = a(4) + 2b + c
5 = 4a + 2b + c
Equation 2 y = ax + bx + c
2

(1,-1) -1 = a(1)2+b(1) + c
-1 = a + b + c
We obtained a system of linear equations in three variables, a, b, and c.

• Solve for the values of a, b, and c using the 3 linear equations

Since we have already found the value of c which is -5, we will solve for the values
of a and b.
(equation 2) -1 = a + b + c
If c=-5
-1 = a + b + (-5)
-1+5 = a + b-5+5
4=a+b Equation 4

(equation 3) 5 = 4a + 2b + c
If c=-5 5 = 4a + 2b +(-5)
5 + 5 = 4a + 2b -5 + 5
10 = 4a + 2b Equation 5
✓ Eliminate b by making the numerical coefficients the same.
4 = a + b multiply the equation by 2 2(4 = a + b)
8=2a+2b
Subtract the two equations 8 = 2a + 2b
10 = 4a + 2b
-2 = -2a
−2 −2𝑎
=
−2 −2
1=a
✓ Solve for b using any of the equations.
Let us try equation 4 4=a+b

12
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

4=1+b
4-1 = 1+b – 1
3=b
The three values are: a=1 , b=3 , c=-5
• Substitute these values in the standard form of the quadratic function
y = ax2 + bx + c y = 1x2 + 3x + (-5) y = x2 + 3x -5

The quadratic equation of the given table of values is y = x2 + 3x -5.

Equation of Quadratic Function Given Its Zeros

If r1 and r2 are the zeros of a quadratic function, then f(x)=a(x-x1) (x-x2) where a is a
nonzero constant that can be determined from other point on the graph. (Remember that
Roots are also called zeros or x-intercepts.)

Illustrative Examples 3.2

1) Find the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros are 4 and 2.
Let x1 = 4 and x2 = 2
Using the standard form f(x) = a(x-x1) (x-x2)
f(x) = a(x-x1) (x-x2)
= a(x-4) (x-2)
f(x) = a x2 – 6x + 8 general form
The equation of a quadratic function whose zeros are 4 and 2 is f(x)=ax2 –6x + 8.

2) What is the equation of a quadratic function whose zeros are 2 and -3 and contains
the point (0,3)?
Let x1 = 2 ; x2 = -3 ; x=0 ; y=3
• Solve for a using the form f(x) = a(x-x1) (x-x2) and let f(x)=y.
f(x) = a(x-x1) (x-x2) y = a(x-x1) (x-x2)
3 = a(0-2) (0 – (-3)
3 = a(-2)(3)
3 = -6a
3 −6𝑎
−6
= −6
1 1
−2 = a or a = − 2
• Solve for the equation by replacing only x1 , x2 , and a in the form f(x) =
a(x-x1) (x-x2) f(x) = a(x-x1) (x-x2)
1 1 1 1
= − 2(x-2) (x+3) f(x) = − 2 x2 + - (6)
2 2
1 1 1
= − 2(x2+3x-2x-6) f(x) = − 2 x2 - x -3
2
1
= − 2(x2+x-6)
The equation of a quadratic function whose zeros are 2 and -3 containing
1 1
the point (0,3) is f(x) = − 2 x2 - 2x -3.

13
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

Equation of Quadratic Function Given Its Graph

When the vertex and any point on the parabola are clearly seen, the equation of the
quadratic function can easily be determined by using the form of quadratic function
y=a(x-h)2+ k.

Illustrative Examples 3.3

1) Find the equation of the quadratic function given the graph below.
• Locate the vertex of the parabola and
a point (any point) on it.
Vertex = (2,-4) (h,k)
Point = (4,0) (x,y)
• Using the vertex form, solve for a
h=2 ; k= -4 ; x=4 ; y= 0
y = a(x-h)2 + k
0 = a(4-2)2 + -4 (4,0)
0 = a(2)2 – 4
0 = a(4) – 4
0 = 4a – 4
0 + 4 = 4a – 4+4
4 4𝑎
4 = 4a =
4 4
1 = a or a=1
• Determine the equation by replacing
h k, and a.
y = a(x-h)2 + k Vertex (2,-4)
y = 1(x-2)2 -4

• Find the general equation by expanding the standard form (vertex form)
y = (x-2)2 – 4 y = x2 - 4x + 4 – 4
The equation of the quadratic function whose graph appears above is y=x2-4x.

2) What is the quadratic equation of the parabola given its graph below?

• Locate the vertex of the parabola and

a point (any point) on it.
Vertex = (-1,4) (h,k)
Point = (-2,3) (x,y)
• Using the vertex form, solve for a
h=-1 ; k= 4 ; x=-2 ; y= 3
y = a(x-h)2 + k
3 = a(-2+1)2 + 4
3 = a(-1)2 + 4
3 = a(1) + 4
3=a+4
3-4 = a +4-4
-1 = a or a = -1

14
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

• Find the equation; replace only h k, and a.

y = a(x-h)2 + k
y = -1(x+1)2 + 4

• Find the general equation by expanding the standard form (vertex form)
y = -(x+1)2 + 4 y = -(x2 +2x + 1) + 4
y = -x2 - 2x – 1 + 4

The equation of the quadratic function whose graph appears above is

Activity 3

Answer the following problems as directed. Write all your answers in your answer
sheets.
1. Determine the equation of the quadratic function represented by the table of
values below.

X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1

y -20 -13 -8 -5 -4 -5

5
2. What is the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros are -2 and ?
2
3. The vertex of the parabola is (-3,5 ) and it is the minimum point of the graph. If
the graph passes through the point ( -2,7), what is the equation of the quadratic
function?

15
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

Week 3&4
Lesson 8 Application of Quadratic Functions
Competency ● solve problems involving quadratic functions

The application of quadratic function can be seen in many different fields like
Physics, industry, business, and in variety mathematical problems.
In dealing with real-life problems in line with quadratic functions, always
remember the properties of quadratic functions, steps in solving word problems, and
other mathematical concepts and processes.

Illustrative Examples 14.1

1) From a 96-foot building, an object is thrown straight up into the air then follows
a trajectory. The height S(t) of the ball above the building after t seconds is
given by the function S(t) = 80T – 16t2.

a) What maximum height will the object reach?

b) How long will it take the object to reach the maximum height?
c) Find the time at which the object is on the ground.

Solution:

a) The maximum height reached by the object is the ordinate of the vertex of
the parabola of the function S(t) = 80t – 16t2. By transforming this equation
into the completed square form we have,
S(t) = 80t – 16t2
S(t) = -16t2 + 80t
S(t) = -16(t2 – 5t)
25
S(t) = -16(t2 – 5t + 4 ) + 100
5
S(t) = -16 ( t - 2)2 + 100

5
The vertex is ( 2, 100 ). Thus the maximum height reached by the
object is 100 ft from the top of the building. This is 196 ft from the ground.

b) The time for an object to reach the maximum height is the abscissa of the
vertex of the parabola or the value of h.
S(t) = 80t – 16t2
S(t) = -16 ( t - 52/2) + 100
5
Since the value of h is 2 or 2.5, then the object is at its maximum
height after 2.5 seconds.

c) To find the time it will take the object to hit the ground, let S(t) = -96, since
the height of the building is 96ft. The problem requires us to solve for t.

h(t) = 80t – 16t2

16
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter
 Department of Education
Division of Antique
ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL
San Jose, Antique

-96 = 80t – 16t2

16t2 – 80t – 96 = 0
t2 – 5t – 6 = 0
( t – 6 ) ( t + 1) = 0
t= 6 or t = -1
Thus, it will take 6 seconds before the object hits the ground.

2) What are the dimensions of the largest rectangular field that can be enclosed by
80m of fencing wire?
Solution:
Let l and w be the length and width of a rectangle. Then, the perimeter P of a
rectangle is P = 2l +2w.
Since P = 80 m, thus,
2l + 2w = 80
Expressing the length as a function of w
2l + 2w = 80 21= 80-2w
2l = 80-2w 2
l = 40-w

Substituting in the formula for the area A=l(w)

l=40-w
A(w)=l(w)
A(w)=(40-w)(w)
A(w)= 40w-w2 w
A(w)=-w2+40w
By completing the square,
A(w)=-w2+40w
A(w)=-(w2-40w+400)+400
A(w)=-(w-20)2 + 400

The vertex of the graph of the function A (w) is (20,400). This point indicates
a maximum value of 400 for A(w) that occurs when w = 20. Thus, the maximum
area is 400 m2 when the width is 20m.
If the width is 20 m, then the length is (40-20)m or 20 m also. The field with
maximum area is a square.

Activity 4

Read and analyze the following situation. Write your answer to the problem in your
answer sheet.

A garment store sells about 40 t-shirts per week at a price of Php 100 each. For each
Php 10 decrease in price, the sales lady found out that 5 more t-shirts per week were sold.
Write a quadratic function in standard form that models the revenue from t-shirt sales. What
price produces the maximum revenue?

17
Mathematics 9 Fourth Quarter