Scribd
Upload
22 views5 pages

MCS102_Module1_Detailed (1)

The document provides an introduction to Data Science, outlining its definition, key components, and importance in various fields, particularly engineering. It covers the data science process, types of data, and structures, as well as an introduction to R programming and relational database management systems (RDBMS). Additionally, it includes basic SQL commands and highlights the significance of RDBMS in managing structured data efficiently.

Uploaded by

izhaan31hbd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views5 pages

MCS102_Module1_Detailed (1)

The document provides an introduction to Data Science, outlining its definition, key components, and importance in various fields, particularly engineering. It covers the data science process, types of data, and structures, as well as an introduction to R programming and relational database management systems (RDBMS). Additionally, it includes basic SQL commands and highlights the significance of RDBMS in managing structured data efficiently.

Uploaded by

izhaan31hbd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

MCS102 - Module 1: Introduction to Data Science and R Tool

# 1.1 Overview of Data Science

## Definition and Scope of Data Science


Data Science is an interdisciplinary field focused on extracting
insights and knowledge from structured and unstructured data. It
integrates concepts from statistics, machine learning, artificial
intelligence, and big data technologies to facilitate data-driven
decision-making across various industries.

## Key Components of Data Science


1. **Data Collection** - Gathering raw data from different sources
such as databases, sensors, social media, and APIs.
2. **Data Cleaning & Preprocessing** - Handling missing values,
outliers, and formatting data for analysis.
3. **Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)** - Visualizing and summarizing
data trends, patterns, and anomalies.
4. **Feature Engineering** - Transforming raw data into useful
features to improve machine learning models.
5. **Model Selection & Training** - Applying statistical and machine
learning models to make predictions.
6. **Model Evaluation & Optimization** - Using performance metrics
such as accuracy, precision, and recall to improve models.
7. **Deployment & Monitoring** - Deploying models into production
and monitoring their performance over time.

### Example: Data Science in Healthcare


Scenario: A hospital uses machine learning to predict patient
readmissions.
Solution: Analyzing patient data, lifestyle, and medical history to
identify high-risk cases.
Outcome: Improved patient care and reduced hospital readmissions.
# 1.2 Importance of Data Science in Engineering

## Applications in Engineering
- **Predictive Maintenance**: Using sensor data to predict equipment
failures before they occur.
- **Quality Control**: Employing AI and image processing to detect
defects in manufacturing.
- **Traffic Optimization**: Analyzing traffic patterns to improve urban
planning.
- **Energy Management**: Optimizing energy consumption using
smart grids.

### Case Study: Predictive Maintenance in Manufacturing


Scenario: A car manufacturer installs IoT sensors in machinery.
Solution: Machine learning algorithms analyze vibration and
temperature data to detect potential failures.
Outcome: Reduced downtime and maintenance costs.

# 1.3 Data Science Process

## Step-by-Step Explanation
1. **Understanding the Problem** - Defining objectives and required
data sources.
2. **Data Collection** - Gathering structured and unstructured data.
3. **Data Cleaning & Preprocessing** - Removing duplicates,
normalizing values, and handling missing data.
4. **Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)** - Using statistical techniques
to identify trends and relationships.
5. **Feature Engineering** - Selecting and transforming data
attributes for better model accuracy.
6. **Model Selection & Training** - Choosing appropriate machine
learning models.
7. **Evaluation & Optimization** - Fine-tuning models for optimal
performance.
8. **Deployment & Monitoring** - Integrating models into production
environments and tracking performance.

# 1.4 Data Types and Structures

## Types of Data
1. **Numerical Data**: Integer (10), Float (10.5)
2. **Categorical Data**: Nominal (e.g., Male/Female), Ordinal (e.g.,
Low/Medium/High)
3. **Boolean Data**: True/False values
4. **Complex Data**: Imaginary numbers (e.g., 3 + 4j)

## Data Structures in Data Science


1. **Vectors** - One-dimensional arrays in R.
2. **Lists** - Collections of different data types.
3. **Matrices** - Two-dimensional numerical arrays.
4. **Data Frames** - Tabular representation of structured data.
5. **Factors** - Used to handle categorical variables in R.

# 1.5 Introduction to R Programming

## What is R?
R is a programming language designed for statistical computing and
data analysis. It provides powerful libraries for data manipulation,
visualization, and modeling.

### Basic Syntax and Operations


```r
# Assigning variables
a <- 10
b <- 20
sum <- a + b
print(sum) # Output: 30
```
# 1.6 Introduction to RDBMS

## Definition and Purpose


A **Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)** is a
database system used to store, retrieve, and manage structured data
efficiently.

## Key Concepts
- **Tables:** Store data in a structured format.
- **Rows (Records):** Each row represents an entry.
- **Columns (Fields):** Attributes of data.
- **Relationships:** Connect tables using primary and foreign keys.

# 1.7 SQL Basics: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

## Basic SQL Commands

### 1. SELECT (Retrieve Data)


```sql
SELECT * FROM students;
SELECT name, age FROM students WHERE age > 20;
```

### 2. INSERT (Add Data)


```sql
INSERT INTO students (id, name, age, grade) VALUES (1, 'Alice', 22,
'A');
```

### 3. UPDATE (Modify Data)


```sql
UPDATE students SET grade = 'B' WHERE id = 1;
```
### 4. DELETE (Remove Data)
```sql
DELETE FROM students WHERE id = 1;
```

# 1.8 Importance of RDBMS in Data Science

## Why RDBMS?
- Ensures data integrity and security.
- Handles large datasets efficiently.
- Optimized for structured queries.
- Integrates with Python, R, and machine learning frameworks.

### Real-World Example: RDBMS in Banking


Banks use RDBMS to store customer information, transaction history,
and account details while ensuring security and data consistency.

You might also like