RAIL GUARD RAILWAY TRACK OBSTACLE

DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM

Batch No: 13 Guided By:

Mrs.Babisha. A., M.E
Team Members:
Assistant Professor
Anusha.K(211521243017) Department Of Artificial Intelligence And Data
Bakiyalakshmi.G (211521243028) Science
DivyaTharshni.M(211521243051) Panimalar Institute Of Technology
 Abstract
The "RailGuard: Railway Track Obstacle Detection and Alert System" is a cutting-edge solution
designed to enhance railwaytrack safety by detecting and alerting to obstacles such as animals and
humans in the vicinity of railway tracks.
• This system leverages state-of-the-art technology, specifically the SSD Mobilenet object
detection model, to monitor railwaytracks in real time and issue timely alerts to railway authorities
or administrators.The primary goal of RailGuard is to prevent railway accidents by providing early
warnings and allowing timely interventionwhen potential obstacles are detected.
• The data is processed through the SSD Mobilenet model, which identifies and classifies obstacles
within specific predefineddistances from the train's path. When an obstacle is detected within a
critical range of the train's approach, RailGuard triggersan alert mechanism.
• This mechanism can include notifications to railway administrators, station staff, or relevant
authorities via various channelssuch as email, or dedicated mobile applications.
• Additionally, a database management system is incorporated to log historicaldata and facilitate
post-incident analysis.
 Literary Survey
S. No Year Title Author Merits Demerits

Ambiguity inScope:Does
TrainSim: A Railway Clear Purpose: Clearly not clarify the intended
Simulation Framework for audience or level of
communicate the
Gianluca D’Amico , complexity.Limited
1. 2023 LiDAR and Camera framework’s focus on
Dataset Generation Mauro Marinoni . railway systems and Explanation of
"Simulation": Vague on the
simulation.
realism and nature
of the simulation

Clear Focus on Safety: Limited Explanation of

The title clearly addresses “Improved YOLOv4”:
Detection of Locomotive an important safety issue The title does not clarify
Signal Lights and by focusing on the the specific improvements
HUANMIN WANGAND
2. 2022 Pedestrians on Railway
JIANBAI ZHANG5
detection of locomotive made to YOLOv4, which
Tracks signal lights and might leave readers
Using Improved YOLOv4 pedestrians on railway uncertain about how it
tracks, which is critical for differs from the
railway safety. standard version.
 Existing System
The existing system for detecting obstacles on railway tracks relies on Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNN) forimage-based detection, but it encounters challenges such as limited accuracy.
• This lack of precision can result from insufficient and diverse training data, making it difficult
to accurately identifyobstacles in varying track environments.

• Additionally, the real-time processing demands of railway tracks are often notfully met by
CNN-based systems, potentially leading to delayed detection and false alarms.

• To overcome these limitations, the "RailGuard: Railway Track Obstacle Detection and Alert
System" project adopts theSSD Mobilenet model and a comprehensive approach, aiming to
improve accuracy, early warning issuance,user-friendliness, scalability, and system
maintenance, thereby enhancing railway track safety and addressing theshortcomings of the
existing CNN-based systems.
 Proposed System
The proposed system represents a significant advancement in railway track safety. Leveraging the
state-of-the-art SSDMobilenet model, RailGuard promises a substantial improvement in obstacle
detection accuracy over existing methods.
• This system operates in real-time, ensuring constant vigilance along railway tracks and
immediate response to trackobstacles, thus reducing the risk of accidents.
• Its early warning mechanism issues alerts within predefined distances from an approaching train,
enabling timely preventiveactions.
• RailGuard offers a range of robust alerting mechanisms and user-friendly interfaces, making it
accessible forefficient system management.
• With adaptability to various railway environments, scalability, stringent security measures, and
provisions for ongoingmaintenance, RailGuard aspires to revolutionize railway safety by
preventing accidents and enhancing the reliability ofrailway transportation systems.
 System Requirements
H/W SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:
Processor - Intel,I3,I5,I7
Speed - 1.1 GHz
RAM - 8 Gb
Hard Disk - 500 GB

S/W SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:

Operating System - Windows 8/10/11
Front End - Tkinter
Scripts – Python
Tool - IDLE(Python)
System Architecture
 List of Modules
IMAGE PREPROCESSING:
• The image preprocessing module serves as a pivotal component, optimizing raw images from the
railway trackenvironment for efficient and precise obstacle detection using the SSD Mobilenet
model.

• This module includes keyprocesses such as image resizing to ensure consistent resolution,
normalization to standardize pixel values acrossimages, noise reduction to enhance image quality,
and contrast enhancement for improved visibility of obstacles.

• Colorconversion and optional data augmentation techniques may also be applied. The preprocessed
images are serialized forcompatibility with the SSD Mobilenet model, and metadata integration, if
available, can provide valuable contextualinformation.

• This meticulous image preprocessing ensures that the model receives high-quality input data,
thusenhancing its accuracy in identifying obstacles on the railway tracks.
 List of Modules
FEATURE EXTRACTION:
• In the feature extraction module, tightly integrated with the SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector)
Mobilenet model, plays apivotal role in the accurate detection of obstacles from preprocessed images.

• This module harnesses the power of the pre-trainedSSD Mobilenet, a sophisticated deep learning
architecture adept at recognizing objects across various scales and categories. Asthe input image
traverses through the network, feature maps are generated, capturing essential visual details at multiple
scales.

• The model simultaneously performs object localization and classification, predicting bounding box
coordinates and assigningclass labels to detected obstacles. Confidence scores and a non-maximum
suppression algorithm are applied to refine the results,ensuring the identification of unique obstacles.

• This feature extraction module, with the SSD Mobilenet model at its core, formsthe backbone of
RailGuard's obstacle detection system, enabling precise and efficient detection along railway tracks.
 List of Modules
SSD MOBILENET:
• The SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) Mobilenet is an advanced deep learning model
renowned for its efficiency andaccuracy in real-time object detection tasks. Combining the
mobility-focused architecture of Mobilenet with the objectdetection prowess of SSD, this model
excels in identifying and localizing objects within images and videos swiftly.

• Itaccomplishes this by leveraging multi-scale feature extraction, predefined anchor boxes, and
class score predictions forvarious object categories.

• SSD Mobilenet's computational efficiency makes it ideal for resource-constrained

environments,including mobile devices and embedded systems, while its real-time capabilities
make it invaluable for applications likeautonomous vehicles, surveillance, and robotics.

• Additionally, its adaptability through transfer learning and accessibility viapopular deep learning
frameworks have made it a versatile choice for researchers and developers across diverse domains.
OBJECT DETECTION:
List of Modules
• The object detection module in the "RailGuard: Railway Track Obstacle Detection and Alert System" is
pivotal for accurate andreal-time identification of obstacles on railway tracks.

• It employs the powerful SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) Mobilenetmodel to process
preprocessed images and extract meaningful features, enabling the simultaneous localization and
classificationof objects.

• By utilizing predefined anchor boxes, it predicts object locations, sizes, class labels, and confidence
scores, formingthe basis for obstacle detection. Employing non-maximum suppression ensures that
only the most reliable and non-overlappingpredictions are retained.

• The module interfaces with alerting mechanisms and generates timely warnings when obstacles
aredetected within predefined distances from an approaching train, contributing to the system's goal of
enhancing railway tracksafety and preventing accidents.
 Algorithm
SSD MOBILENET:
• The SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) Mobilenet is an advanced deep learning modelrenowned
for its efficiency and accuracy in real-time object detection tasks. Combining themobility-focused
architecture of Mobilenet with the object detection prowess of SSD, this modelexcels in identifying
and localizing objects within images and videos swiftly.

• It accomplishesthis by leveraging multi-scale feature extraction, predefined anchor boxes, and class
scorepredictions for various object categories.

• SSD Mobilenet's computational efficiency makes itideal for resource-constrained

environments, including mobile devices and embedded systems,while its real-time capabilities make
it invaluable for applications like autonomous vehicles,surveillance, and robotics.

• Additionally, its adaptability through transfer learning andaccessibility via popular deep learning
frameworks have made it a versatile choice forresearchers and developers across diverse domains.
Workflow Diagram
Use-case Diagram
Class Diagram
Entity Relationship Diagram
Activity Diagram
Sequence Diagram
Collaboration Diagram
 Advantages
 Leveraging the SSD Mobilenet model, RailGuard significantly improves the accuracy of
obstacle detection, reducing theoccurrence of false positives and negatives.

 The system incorporates an early warning mechanism that issues alerts when obstacles are
detected within predefineddistances from an approaching train, allowing timely preventive
actions.

 The system is designed to scale effortlessly, making it feasible for deployment across extensive
railway networks withoutimposing prohibitive resource demands.
 Future Enhancements
• Enhanced Model Accuracy – Use advanced architectures like Vision Transformers
and larger datasets for better generalization.
• Optimized Data Fusion – Improve multi-modal data integration using attention
mechanisms and additional patient data.
• Real-Time Processing – Deploy lightweight models on edge devices for faster
clinical use.
• Improved Explainability – Enhance saliency maps with explainable AI for better
clinician interpretation.
• Clinical Integration – Develop a decision support system for seamless hospital
workflow integration.
 Conclusion
conclusion, it represents a transformative endeavor in railway track safety. The project harnesses
cutting-edge technology,particularly the SSD Mobilenet model, to significantly enhance obstacle
detection accuracy.
• By successfully addressing the limitations of existing systems, RailGuard offers a comprehensive
solution that encompasses earlywarning issuance, user-friendly interfaces, scalability, robust
security measures, and ongoing maintenance protocols.
• Through its meticulous image preprocessing and feature extraction modules, RailGuard ensures
that the SSD Mobilenet model canaccurately and efficiently detect obstacles, including animals,
humans, and objects, along railway tracks.With its ability to issue timely alerts and its adaptability
to diverse railway environments, RailGuard strives to minimize the risk ofaccidents, protect lives,
and optimize the efficiency and reliability of railway transportation systems.
• The project's impact extends to railway safety, operational continuity, environmental
responsibility, and compliance withregulatory standards, embodying a critical step towards a safer
and more secure railway infrastructure.
 References
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Double-Layer Region GrowingAlgorithm and Grid-SECOND Detector," in IEEE Access, vol. 9,
pp. 32053-32063, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3047711
• [2] G. D’Amico et al., "TrainSim: A Railway Simulation Framework for LiDAR and Camera
Dataset Generation," in IEEE Transactionson Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 12,
pp. 15006-15017, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2023.3297728
• [3] Z. Tang, Y. Wu and J. Sun, "Tripartite Evolution Game of Railway Safety Supervision Under
the Influence of Collusion Within theEnterprise," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 74891-74907, 2021,
doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3081512.
• [4] H. U. R. Siddiqui, A. A. Saleem, M. A. Raza, K. Zafar, K. Munir and S. Dudley, "IoT Based
Railway Track Faults Detection andLocalization Using Acoustic Analysis," in IEEE Access, vol.
10, pp. 106520-106533, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3210326..
• [5] H. Wang, H. Pei and J. Zhang, "Detection of Locomotive Signal Lights and Pedestrians on
Railway Tracks Using Improved YOLOv4,"in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 15495-15505, 2022, doi:
10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3148182.
Thank you