LESSON PLAN
ON
TOPIC : RAYNAUD’S DISEASE
SUBJECT: MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
Submitted to : Submitted By:
Ms Christa Mathew Ms Shreya Pandey
Associate Professor Msc Nursing 2nd year
Medical Surgical Nursing 2023538791
SSNSR, SU
IDENTIFICATION DATA:
Name of the teacher: Ms Shreya Pandey
Name of the subject: Medical Surgical Nursing
Name of the topic: Raynaud’s disease
Name of the student : M.Sc. nursing 2nd year
Size of the group: 8
Date and time of presentation: 2pm - 3pm
Method of teaching- Lecture cum discussion
Venue/place of presentation: conference room
Duration of teaching: 1 HOUR
Av aids: YES
Previous knowledge about the topic: STUDENTS HAVE SOME IDEA ABOUT THE TOPIC
GENERAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the class students will able to gain
complete knowledge about Raynaud’s disease
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of class students will able to known-
Introduction of the Raynaud’s disease
Definition of Raynaud’s disease
Explain the normal physiology
Explain the types of Raynaud’s disease
Explain the causes of Raynaud’s disease
Explain the predisposing and precipitating factors of Raynaud’s disease
Explain the pathophysiology of Raynaud’s disease
Explain the signs and symptoms of Raynaud’s disease
Explain the diagnostic evaluation of Raynaud’s disease
Explain the complete management and nursing diagnosis of Raynaud’s disease
Summary
Conclusion
S.NO. TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER LEARNER AV- EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
1. 5min. To introduce the INTRODUCTION Teachers Student PPT Introduce
topic Raynaud’s introduce the listens Raynaud’s
disease It is named after topic disease
MAURICE RAYNAUD ,
who was the medical student ,
defined the first case in
1862
The Raynaud’s
phenomenon is used to
refer to localized ,
intermittent episodes of
vasoconstriction of small
arteries of the feet and
hands that cause color
and temperature change
It is a disorder in which
extremities espically
fingers tips has
vasoconstriction
2. 5min To Define Teacher Student PPT Define normal
normal NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY defines the listens physiology in
physiolog topic the body ?
y in the In our body there is normally
body high amount of heat
energy in any condition if
there is cold environment
outside in that period
hypothalamus
( thermostatic pressure ) it
activates the ( SNS)
sympathetic nervous
system and after
activation there is
constriction of the
vessels to prevent from loss of
heat energy and when the
outside environment get
normal capillary get
relaxes
3. 5min To Define Teacher Student PPT Define
Raynaud’ DEFINITION defines the listens Raynaud’ s
s disease topic disease
The Raynaud’s phenomenon
is used to refer to
localized , intermittent
episodes of
vasoconstriction of the
small arteries off the feet
and hands that cause color
and temperature changes
Raynaud’s disease is a
condition when the SNS is
overactivated which causes
overvasoconstriction
mainly in the extremities
of the upper limb( fingers )
S.NO. TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER LEARNER AV- EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
4. 7min To explain the Teacher Student ask the PPT Explain the
types of It is of two types enlists all question and types of
Raynaud’ s 1) PRIMARY the types clear their Raynaud’ s
disease 2) SECONDARY of doubts disease ?
Raynaud’ s
PRIMARY disease
occurrence of the vasospasm alone ,
with no association with another
illness
Occurs without an underlying
medical condition.
Episodes are usually brief
and resolve once the trigger is
removed.
Primary Raynaud's is more
common and generally less
severe than secondary
Raynaud's.
SECONDARY
secondary to other conditions , most
commomly an autoimmune disease
Secondary Raynaud's is associated
with various underlying health
conditions such as
autoimmune diseases (e.g.,
scleroderma, lupus), connective
tissue disorders, vascular diseases,
medications (e.g., beta-
blockers, certain chemotherapy
drugs), or occupational factors (e.g.,
vibrating tools).
5. 10 min To Explain the CAUSES Teacher Student PPT Explain the causes
causes explain the ask the and
1) Injury to hypothalamus causes and question predisposing
and 2) Tumor in hypothalamus predisposin and clear and
predisposing g and their precipitating
and Patient often describe 3 phases of precipitatin doubts factors of
precipitating change – g factors of Raynaud’s
factors Raynaud’s disease?
of A) initial white ( vasoconstriction ) disease
Raynaud’s B) followed by blue ( cyanosis)
disease C) then red ( rapid blood reflow)
PREDISPOSING AND
PRECIPITATING
FACTORS
1) The disease is more common
in females between 16 to 40
years of age
2) it occurs more frequent in
cold climates and during the
winters
3) working with vibrating
machinery – the fingers may
go into spasm this is due to an
intermittent lack of blood
supply to the fingers
4) Emotional distress
5) Smoking
6) Exposure to chemicals such
as silica , PVC
7) Autoimmune disease
S.NO. TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER LEARNER AV- EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
6. 7min To Explain the PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF Teacher Student ask the PPT Explain the
pathophysiolo RAYNAUD’S DISEASE explain the question and and pathophysiolo
gy of pathophysi clear their hangi gy of
Raynaud’s ology of doubts ng Raynaud’s
disease Due to etiological factors Raynaud’s chart disease
disease
Vasospasm and spastic constriction of
arteries and arterioles
Retarted bood flow to capillaries and
venules
Cyanosis
After a period of minutes and
hours local ruber occurs
Throbbing pain accompanies with recovery
S.NO. TSPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER LEARNER AV- EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
7. 5 min To explain the Teacher Student ask PPT Explain the
Signs and SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS explain the the question and Signs and
symptoms Signs and clear their symptoms
of the attack can affect the symptoms doubts of
Raynaud’s FINGERS AND TOES and of Raynaud’s
disease rarely the nose, ear or lips Raynaud’s disease ?
disease
1) Cold hands
3) Extremities will look
pale and bluish ‘
4) Numbness
5) Pain ( excess
vasoconstriction
)
6) Tingling sensation
8 1To explain the DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Teacher Student ask Hanging Explain the
diagnostic OF RAYNAUD’S DISEASE explain the the question and chart diagnostic
evaluation diagnostic clear their evaluatio
of 1)HISTORY evaluation doubts n of
Raynaud’s COLLECTION – obtain the of Raynaud’s
disease history whether the Raynaud’s disease?
patient has a history of disease
injury also take the
occupational history and
ask the patient if he /she
has exposure to chemicals
eg polyvinyl chloride
2) PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION –
observe the colour and signs
of ulcers
3) CAPILLOROSCOPY
– visualization of the
capillaries
4) dr visualize the nailbed
of the patient through
microscope to see for any
evidence of capillary
constriction
5) DIGITAL ARTERY
PRESSURE – in this
condition digital artery
pressure will be low
6) CBC
7) ESR
9 15min To explain the MANAGEMENT OF Teacher Student ask the Flash Explain the
complete RAYNAUD’S DISEASE explain question and card complete
management the clear their s management
of Raynaud’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT complete doubts of Raynaud’s
disease managem disease ?
e nt of
A) alpha blockers – eg
Raynaud’s
nonepinephrine is mainly disease
responsible for
vasoconstriction it oppose
the action of nonepinephrine
B) calcium channel blockers
C) nitroglycerine – it
act as a antihypertensive
low BP will increase the
blood flow
D) vasodilators
E)analgesics – eg
nifedipine 30-120 mg
topical nitroglycerin
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
1) SYMPATHEECTOMY
In this procedure surgically SNS are
cut off . This procedure is not
helpful as it can affect the normal
vasoconstriction this procedure is
done at last as it has many
complications
b) CHEMICAL INJECTION
eg anasthetic agent ( botox)
NURSING MANAGEMENT
1) The patient is
encouraged to avoid
exposure to cold
2) Encourage the patient to
avoid hand movement and
stressful situations
3) Cover the exposed area
4) dip the affected part in
warm water
5) encourage the patient to
quit smoking and avoid
secondary smoke such as
NICOTINE IS POTENT
VASOCONSTRICTOR
6) STRESS
MANAGEMENT
TECHNIQUES- eg
biofeedback
7) Try to keep the patient hot
weather
DIAGNOSIS-
1) Acute pain related to
tissue ischemia secondary to
vasospasm
2) Ineffective peripheral
tissue perfusion related to
lack of supplies to
extremities secondary to
vasospasm
3) Anxiety related to
disease process
SUMMARY
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon or Raynaud's syndrome, is a condition characterized by episodes of reduced blood
flow to the extremities, typically the fingers and toes, in response to cold temperatures or emotional stress. This reduction in blood flow
causes the affected areas to turn white or blue and feel cold and numb, followed by a throbbing sensation as blood flow returns and the skin
turns red. Raynaud's disease can be primary, occurring without an underlying medical condition, or secondary, associated with other
conditions such as autoimmune diseases, connective tissue disorders, or certain medications. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and
preventing complications, and may include lifestyle changes, medication to improve blood flow, and avoiding triggers that can provoke
episode
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Raynaud's disease is a vascular disorder characterized by episodes of reduced blood flow to the extremities, often triggered by
cold temperatures or emotional stress. While the primary form occurs without an underlying cause, the secondary form is associated with
various medical conditions. Although Raynaud's disease is not typically life-threatening, it can significantly impact an individual's quality of
life due to the discomfort and potential complications associated with reduced blood flow to the affected areas. Management strategies aim
to alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall well-being through lifestyle modifications, medication, and avoidance of
triggers. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential in minimizing the impact of Raynaud's disease on daily functioning
and maintaining vascular health.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. "Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems" by Sharon L. Lewis,
Linda Bucher, Margaret M. Heitkemper, and Mariann M. Harding.
2. "Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care" by Betty J. Ackley and Gail B.
Ladwig.
3. "Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children" by Kathryn L. McCance and Sue
E. Huether.
4. "Nursing Care Plans: Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes" by Meg Gulanick and Judith L. Myers.
5. "Nursing Interventions & Clinical Skills" by Anne Griffin Perry, Patricia A. Potter, Wendy Ostendorf, and
