BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
AND MATERIALS
TOPIC:JALIS
1. WHY ARE JALIS USED IN
BUILDINGS ?
Ventilation – They allow air to flow freely, improving
natural ventilation and keeping interiors cool.
Temperature Control – By reducing direct sunlight,
they help maintain a comfortable indoor
temperature.
Privacy – Jalis provide a balance between visibility
and privacy, allowing light and air while obstructing
direct views.
Aesthetic Appeal – They add decorative elements
to facades and interiors, enhancing architectural
beauty.
Energy Efficiency – By reducing heat gain, they
lower the need for artificial cooling, making
buildings more sustainable.
Security – They offer a barrier while still allowing
communication with the outside environment
2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT
MATERIALS MADE AND CAN BE
MADE(NEWWAYS)?
Jalis can be made from various traditional and
modern materials, each offering unique benefits.
Here are some commonly used and innovative
materials:
Traditional Materials:
1. Stone – Carved sandstone, marble, or granite
jalis, commonly found in historical structures.
2. Brick – Perforated brickwork used in facades and
walls for ventilation and aesthetics.
3. Wood – Intricately carved wooden jalis used in
traditional homes and temples.
4. Metal – Cast iron or wrought iron jalis for
durability and security.
5. Clay/Terracotta – Handmade or molded jalis
used for eco-friendly designs.
Modern Materials:
1. Concrete – Precast concrete jalis with geometric
patterns, offering strength and design flexibility.
2. Glass – Etched or laser-cut glass jalis used for
contemporary aesthetics while maintaining
transparency.
3. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) – Lightweight,
durable, and customizable jalis used in modern
architecture.
4. Acrylic/PVC – Cost-effective, lightweight, and
moisture-resistant alternatives to traditional
materials.
Innovative and New-Age Materials:
1. 3D-Printed Jalis – Customizable patterns
created with materials like bioplastics, recycled
polymers, or concrete.
2. Smart Jalis – Incorporating dynamic shading
elements that adjust based on light and
temperature conditions.
3. Solar Panel Jalis – Integrated with photovoltaic
cells to generate electricity while providing
shade.
4. Biodegradable Materials – Eco-friendly options
like mycelium-based composites or bamboo-
based jalis.
3. WHAT COULD BE THE
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING
BRICK JALIS?
Guidelines for Developing Brick Jalis
1. Material Selection
Types of Materials: Use materials like terracotta,
concrete, or stone (marble, granite, sandstone)
depending on the desired durability, cost, and
aesthetic appeal.
Sustainability: Consider using recycled materials
or locally sourced materials to reduce
environmental impact.
2. Design and Pattern
Perforation Patterns: Create intricate patterns
by varying the size and arrangement of holes to
achieve desired light and air circulation.
Aesthetic Appeal: Design the jali to complement
the surrounding architecture while providing a
unique visual element.
3. Structural Integrity
Support Requirements: Ensure that jali walls are
supported by a frame or additional structural
elements, as they lack inherent structural
strength.
Installation Techniques: Use mortar or tile
adhesive for bonding, and consider using a grid
for wider spans.
4. Environmental Considerations
Ventilation and Lighting: Optimize the design for
passive ventilation and solar management to
reduce energy consumption.
Maintenance: Consider the ease of cleaning and
potential for dust accumulation when designing
the jali pattern.
5. Regulatory Compliance
Environmental Regulations: Ensure compliance
with local environmental regulations, such as
those related to pollution control and resource
usage.
Building Codes: Adhere to local building codes
and standards for structural safety and
durability.
6. Accessibility and Cost
Accessibility: Consider the availability of
specialized contractors and the potential for
higher transportation costs.
Cost-Effectiveness: Balance the aesthetic
benefits with the cost implications of using
specialized materials and labor.
4. OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT
JALIS?
1. Historical Significance
Jalis have been an integral part of Indian, Islamic,
and Mughal architecture.
They were extensively used in palaces, temples,
and mosques for climate control, aesthetics, and
privacy.
Examples include the jalis in Fatehpur Sikri,
Jaipur’s Hawa Mahal, and Mughal tombs.
2. Functional Benefits
Passive Cooling: Jalis create a Venturi effect,
where wind speed increases as it passes through
small openings, enhancing ventilation and
cooling.
Glare Reduction: They filter sunlight, reducing
harsh glare while allowing diffused natural light
inside.
Air Purification: Traditional terracotta or clay jalis
can help trap dust and improve air quality
indoors.
3. Types of Jali Designs
Geometric Patterns: Found in Islamic and Mughal
architecture.
Floral Motifs: Used in traditional Indian and
Persian designs.
Abstract and Contemporary Designs: Popular in
modern architecture.
4. Modern Applications
Façade Elements: Used in office buildings, homes,
and public spaces for a visually appealing look.
Room Dividers: Act as stylish partitions while
maintaining openness.
Railings and Fencing: Used in balconies,
staircases, and outdoor spaces.
Eco-Friendly Housing: Helps reduce reliance on
artificial cooling and lighting.
5. Cultural and Symbolic Importance
Jalis often carry religious and cultural meanings,
representing divine patterns or sacred geometry.
In ancient times, they were believed to provide a
spiritual connection by creating a peaceful and
balanced environment.
