College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF SELECTED GRADE 12 HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
STUDENT AT COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RODRIGUEZ
CAMPUS A.Y 2024-2025

A Research Presented to the Faculty of College of Arts

and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific Rodriguez Campus

In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements in

Practical Research 1

(Qualitative Research)

Submitted By:

Balane, Marck Jhorenze B.

Belleza, Jay-r R.

Con-el, Dinah B.

Dumenden, Troy M.

Epil, May Abegail S.

Genavia, Ellen Mae S.

Lomentigar, Krystal J.

Lubiano Joshua R.

Roldan, Herbert F.

Sorno, Tj Clark G.

Supan, Feonna Gaea S.

Vallejo, Aldrin S.

Submitted To:

Rimboy R. Arroyo (2025)

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

CHAPTER I

Introduction

A lot of students are struggling to stay focused during classes. Despite

making their best effort to focus, this often happens because of their lack of
sleep due to them staying up late. According to Rose & Ramanan (2018),
students often suffer from poor sleep hygiene, irregular sleep patterns, and
poor quality of sleep, which negatively impacts their cognitive functions and
academic performance. Some students stay up late to prepare for their
upcoming task, some do it because they’ve got personal responsibilities to do,
and most of them are probably getting distracted by online social platforms.
Sleep deprivation is an issue that is often overlooked, it affects students over
all capabilities, their cognitive ability, their motor skills. Based on the study by
Ranasinghe et al. (2018), sleep deprivation—whether acute or chronic—
negatively impacts cognitive function and the brain. Lack of sleep does not
simply make students feel tired it’s affecting how they process information. It
makes it harder to concentrate during lessons.
For Grade 12 Humanities And Social Science Students at CASAP
Rodriguez Campus. Their academic performance or capabilities is the top
priority. They are required to have difficult skills such as critical thinking and
critical reading in order for them to participate or to keep up with the academic
pacing however, by not getting enough sleep they are risking the fact that lack
of sleep could affect their all over capability, lack of sleep could cost them
feeling so unfocused and make it hard for them to keep up in classes. Over
time, if this keeps happening this can lead to lower grades and can cost
stress. Despite the importance of sleep a lot of students sacrifice theirs to
finished tasks that they are supposed to, not knowing the long term effects
that it might cause.

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

This study aims to understand how sleep deprivation impacts the

academic performance of selected Grade 12 Humanities And Social science
students at CASAP Rodriguez Campus. By understanding the issue, we could
then encourage students to open their eyes that success isn’t always about
working hard, it’s about working smart as well. And sometimes, the smartest
thing we can do is to put our books down, turn off our phones, and get the
sleep our minds desperately need.

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Background of the Study

Sleep is the most primal biological need for cognitive processes,

including problem-solving, concentration, memory consolidation, and critical
thinking. According to Khemka et al. (2020) highlighted that daytime fatigue,
irregular sleep patterns, and sleep deprivation are particularly common among
school. They emphasized that undergraduates are especially vulnerable to
these effects, which can lead to mood swings, reduced academic
performance, and poorer results. It plays a central role in academic
performance in that the brain processes knowledge gathered during the day
and retains it. It might also weaken their ability to concentrate, learn
Information, and hence, to excel in school. Sleep-deprived students find that
their brains are unable to process information correctly, hence struggling to
learn or complete other assignments.
Based on Jenny Lin (2025), academic performance is lower when you
are not getting enough sleep every night. Lack of sleep may lead to high
stress levels, continuous fatigue, and increased irritability. As such, the
student may find himself unable to focus, think clearly, and remember much
information needed for his schoolwork.
This study aims to investigate the connection between Grade 12
Humanities and Social Sciences students’ academic performance and sleep
deprivation. By looking at this connection, the study hopes to draw attention to
how important it is to have good sleep patterns and offer information that
could help Grade 12 Humanities Social Sciences students at CASAP
Rodriguez Campus in creating plans that would enhance their academic
performance if they have a good sleep.

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the Effect of Sleep Deprivation in

Academic Performance of Selected Grade 12 Humanities and Social
Sciences Students at College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific
Rodriguez Campus.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of:

1.1 Name (Optional)
1.2 Age
1.3 Gender
1.4 Section
2. How do students perceive and experience sleep deprivation in
relation to:
2.1 The Use of Electronic Devices?
2.2 Academic Workload?
2.3 Personal Lifestyle?
3. How do students personally experience and perceive the effects of
sleep deprivation on their academic performance?

Assumptions

In conducting the study, the following assumptions are expected:

1. The majority of Grade 12 HUMSS students experiencing sleep

deprivation get less than 6 hours of sleep per night.

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

2. The students are more likely to experience sleep deprivation due to

academic workload and personal responsibilities.
3. The researcher expected that the participants would honestly answer
our interview.

Conceptual Framework

The major concept of this study is focused on the Effect of Sleep Deprivation
in Academic Performance of Selected Grade 12 Humanities and Social
Sciences Students at CASAP Rodriguez.

Thus, the proponent presents here after a paradigm that shows the process of
the research study:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. What is the
demographic profile of the The Effect of
in terms of :
Sleep
1.1 Name (Optional) Deprivation in
1.2 Age Academic
1.3 Section
Use the participant Performance of
1.4 Gender
observation Selected Grade
2. Why do students 12 Humanities
experience a lack of sleep
through interview
to understand and Social
in terms of:
students’ Sciences
2.1 The Using Students at
behaviors and
Electronic Devices? College of Arts
2.2 Academic routines related to
Workload? sleep deprivation. and Sciences
2.3 Personal Lifestyle? of Asia and the
Pacific
3. How do students
personally experience and Rodriguez
perceive the effects of Campus A.Y.
sleep deprivation on their 2024 - 2025
academic performance?

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

FEEDBACK
Figure 1.0

The input frame shows the demographic profile of the participants (name,
age, section, and gender), information on lack of sleep in terms of (device
use, workload, and lifestyle), and the experiences and perceptions of students
regarding the impact of sleep loss on their academic performance. This study
examines how sleep deprivation affects the academic performance of
Selected grade 12 humanities and social sciences students at CASAP
Rodriguez Campus in the academic year 2024–2025.

Figure 2.0

In order to understand students’ behavior and routines connected to sleep

deprivation, the procedure entails presenting the data collected from
participant observation through interviews.

Figure 3.0

The study investigates at how sleep deprivation affects the Academic

Performance of Selected Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences students
at Asia’s College of Arts and Sciences and the Pacific Rodriguez campus.

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Theoretical Framework

The theories presented here support and constitute the basis of the study,
assisting the researcher in making inferences that are both informative and
meaningful, and they also function as a guiding principle for the field of study.

The presented study will be related in the following theories:

Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller, 2019). The main goal of cognitive-load

theory is to optimize learning of complex cognitive tasks by transforming
contemporary scientific knowledge on the manner in which cognitive
structures and processes are organized (i.e., cognitive architecture) into
guidelines for instructional design. To achieve this goal, cognitive-load
researchers attempt to engineer the instructional control of cognitive load by
designing methods that substitute productive for unproductive cognitive load.

This theory is related to our topic because, lack of sleep affects one’s
ability to pay attention, remember things, and solve problems, which
increases the amount of wasteful cognitive load. Students consequently have
difficulty processing challenging academic assignments, which lowers their
academic performance. This theory clarifies how sleep deprivation alters
cognitive architecture, which makes it challenging for HUMSS students in
Grade 12 to participate in learning activities successfully.

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Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

The Self-regulation theories of B. Newman and P. Newman (2020).

Self-regulation theories focus on the role individuals play in directing the
course of their development by selecting and pursuing goals, and modifying
goal pursuit based on opportunities and constraints. Adolescence brings new
challenges for the maturation of self-regulation as the person experiences
changing physical, cognitive, emotional and social capacities, and encounters
expanding educational, social and societal demands and opportunities.

Self-regulation theory focuses on how people control their ideas,

feelings, and behaviors to achieve their academic and personal goals. Lack of
sleep has a damaging effect on cognitive functions, such as impulse control,
attention, and decision making, that affect self-regulation. Negative effects on
self-regulation are also attributed to sleep deprivation through the impairment
of cognitive functions like attention, decision-making, and impulse control.
Furthermore, sleep deprivation may lead to inefficient time management,
reduced concentration, and inability to maintain enthusiasm in completing the
tasks assigned to Grade 12 HUMSS students.

The Energy Conservation Theory by Northeast, Vyazovskiy, &

Bechtold (2020) suggests that the primary function of sleep is to reduce
energy demand during specific periods of the day and night. This theory is
supported by the fact that metabolism decreases by up to 10% during sleep,
allowing the body to conserve energy. Additionally, body temperature and
calorie demand drop during sleep and increase when awake, further
reinforcing the idea that sleep plays a crucial role in preserving energy
resources.

In this theory explain why sleep serves mainly to lower the body’s
temperature and metabolism. This would subsequently reduce the amount of
energy being used, and therefore resources conserved. Insufficient sleep
upsets this normal energy-saving process, forcing the pupils to make use of

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

energy during the day, thereby promoting weariness and poor cognitive
functions. It therefore makes the Grade 12 HUMSS student less attentive,
remember fewer concepts, and, in turn, perform worse in academics.

Signifance of the Study

The findings of this study will benefit the following:

This study will contribute to Students, particularly Grade 12 HUMSS in

CASAP Rodriguez Campus. The study shall guide them to understand how
bad sleep habits would affect one’s focus and memory. This in turn, while
giving awareness to students on sleeping problems, can develop good
sleeping habits, which may lead to better concentration and academic
performance.

Parents and Guardians. who will understand the academic

implications that their child’s sleeping habits exert. This taking time can be the
first step toward developing new, better sleep habits in their children.

Teachers. shall benefit in that they would see how sleep deprivation
affects students’ attention and participation in class. With this understanding,
teachers shall improve their teaching strategies to better guide students with
potentially sleep-induced problems.

School Administrators. to know if changes in class schedules or

policies could improve sleep health for their respective students. Such

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

recommendations may provide for student wellness and, consequently,

efficient academic performance.

Future Researcher. they will serve as a basis for further studies in

more in-depth connections between sleep patterns and academic
performance in the future. The same study can become a backbone for a
wider view of sleep while studying cognitive-function and academic
performance.

Scope and Delimitation

This research will be focused in solely knowing/understanding how

sleep deprivation affects the selected Grade 12 Humanities and Social
Sciences students in academic performance at CASAP Rodriguez Campus
during the school year 2024-2025. The goal is to understand the struggles of
the students and their opinion on the matter of how lack of sleep will
significantly impact their concentration as well as their productivity in school.
The research is only limited to the Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences
students we did not include the other strands nor the other grade levels. This
research will not cover medical conditions that may affect the students
academic performance, such as their diet, their personal study habits, nor
their financial issues. Instead, the researchers will rely on interviews to gather
students thoughts and experiences instead of using numbers, equations, or
even medical records or analysis. This research aims to provide insight to the
students that sleep deprivation directly affects their academic performance by
focusing in a specific group.

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Definition of Terms

Academic Performance – It may be measured using grades, scores from

tests and exams, or classroom participation, among other elements.

Arousal Theory – people are driven toward situations and activities that will
maintain an optimum level of arousal.

CASAP – College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Cognitive Architecture – sets of brain regions that contribute to the

performance of some set of related tasks, or a particular set of functions.

Critical Thinking – a kind of thinking in which you question, analyse,

interpret, evaluate and make a judgement about what you read, hear, say, or
write.

Enthusiasm – the ability to bring life and excitement to different situations.

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85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

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Motor Skills – are tasks that require voluntary control over the body so that
physical activities can be initiated.

Self-Efficacy – an individual’s belief in his or her capacity to execute

behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

Self-Regulation – is the ability to understand and manage your behaviour

and your reactions to feelings and things happening around you.

Sleep Deprivation – also known as sleep insufficiency or sleeplessness, is

the condition of not having adequate duration and/or quality of sleep to
support decent alertness, performance, and health

Social Cognitive Theory – This theory postulates that we learn by observing

others and through social activity.

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature

Sleep quality and sleep deprivation : relationship with academic

performance in university students

Lack of sleep or poor sleep quality is more common among students,

which can have a detrimental effect on their academic performance.
According to Suardiaz-Muro et al. (2023), insufficient and low-quality sleep is
frequently observed during periods of increased academic load, further
affecting students’ performance.

Influence of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Performance

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According to Rajuskar and Badarke (2024), sleep plays a vital role in

cognitive function, and its deprivation has diverse effects on several aspects
of cognitive performance. Their study explores the fundamental mechanisms
behind how sleep deprivation impacts memory, attention, executive function,
and emotional regulation, drawing from neuroscientific research and clinical
trials. Additionally, they examine its effects on workplace and academic
performance, as well as potential long-term consequences on cognitive
health. This research underscores the critical importance of sleep for overall
well-being and optimal cognitive functioning.

The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Online University Students’

Performance

According to Cort-Blackson (2018), a phenomenological study on

students revealed that sleep deprivation leads to fatigue, slow thinking, and
irritable reactions, further impacting academic success.

Investigating the relationship between sleep patterns and

academic performance in college students

The study by Dr. Varalakshmi et al. (2024) highlights the crucial role of
sleep in overall health and cognitive function, particularly among college
students. To explore this issue, the researchers conducted a comprehensive
literature review on academic performance, sleep, and student life. Their
study also examined various factors influencing sleep patterns, including
lifestyle choices, extracurricular activities, academic workload, and
sociodemographic traits. According to their findings, students with sleep
issues and irregular sleep patterns are more likely to face academic
challenges and difficulties with cognitive tasks such as memory recall and
problem-solving.

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Sleep Deprivation among Malaysian Students and the Impacts on

Their Academic Performances: A Case Study

Based on Murad and Jamaluddin (2024), they suggest that to improve

students’ academic performance and well-being, schools policies should
encourage healthy sleep habits, regulate academic demands, and limit screen
time.

Local Literature

Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Students Academic Achievement

A lack of sleep also negatively affects emotional regulation and mood.

According to Aquino et al. (2022), poor sleep quality and excessive daytime
sleepiness impair cognitive abilities and academic performance. Their study
highlights the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality,
and psychological distress among students. Furthermore, sleep deprivation
can significantly impact learning achievement, leading to lower grade point
averages, an increased risk of academic failure, compromised learning, and
impaired mood.

The relationship between students sleep deprivation and their

learning capability in academic setting

Mojica and Sartorio (2024) found that while students reported

moderate insomnia, they still maintained high learning capabilities. However,
even minor negative effects from sleep deprivation indicate its importance in
cognitive function.

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON THE

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

High school seniors are the most likely to experience sleep deprivation.
It impairs cognitive functions, including memory consolidation, emotional

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stability, and attention span. Based on Limpiado (2024), many senior high
school students stay up late working on assignments, leading to daytime
drowsiness despite the need to stay awake in class.

The Relationship of Sleep Hours on the Academic Performance

and Classroom Participation of Senior High School Students

Senior high school students also face numerous academic obligations,

such as projects, assignments, and test preparation. According to Garcia et
al. (2023), the majority of students suffer from sleep deprivation, which results
in fatigue and mood disturbances.

Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Functions and

Academic Achievement in Students

Sleep-deprived students have a harder time assimilating new ideas,

which hinders their ability to understand and remember them. According to
Silvestre (2023), this impairment significantly affects their academic
performance.

Foreign Studies

Chronic sleep reduction is associated with academic achievement

and study concentration in higher education students

Lack of sleep affects cognitive function and has been linked to lower
academic achievement. According to Heijden et al. (2018), while there was a
residual positive correlation between sleep hygiene beliefs and grades in the
current academic year, the relationship between improved sleep quality,
knowledge of sleep hygiene, and academic achievement was no longer
significant after adjusting for covariates.

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Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with

better academic performance

Better sleep is associated with enhanced cognitive functions, including

improved memory and learning. Based on a well-controlled sleep study
conducted on healthy adults, Okano et al. (2019) emphasized that sleep plays
a crucial role in memory consolidation, which helps retain studied material and
is essential for academic success.

Quality of Sleep and its Impact on the Academic Performance of

Undergraduate

According to Sah et al. (2024), getting sufficient and high-quality sleep

is essential for improved academic and cognitive performance, as well as for
preventing physical and mental health issues. Sleep disruption is a debilitating
condition that can significantly impact students’ education and work quality.
Their study aims to evaluate the factors affecting sleep quality and its
influence on academic achievement.

The impact of duration of sleep on Academic Performance in

University Student

Raley et al. (2016) found that students report significantly poorer sleep
quality compared to the general population, often experiencing irregular sleep
patterns and sleep deprivation. Many students sacrifice sleep to meet social
and academic demands, leading to inconsistent sleep schedules and
unhealthy sleeping habits.

The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on College Students

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Lack of sleep may also result in procedural mistakes, increasing risks

for individuals in various fields. Guadiana and Okashima (2021) stated that
sleep deprivation damages the nervous system, impairing brain function and
contributing to cognitive decline. Consequently, academic performance often
suffers, making it essential to maintain good lifestyle habits and proper sleep
hygiene to counteract the effects of sleep deprivation.

Local Studies

Effects of Sleep Deprivation On The Academic Performance of

Senior High School Students

Sleep is a crucial function that allows the body and mind to rejuvenate,
keeping individuals refreshed and alert upon waking. According to
Macatangay et al. (2022), healthy sleep also helps maintain overall well-being
and prevent ailments. Without sufficient sleep, the brain cannot function
correctly, reducing a person’s ability to concentrate, think clearly, and process
memories. Despite this, teenagers tend to have more flexible sleeping habits
and often rely on a structured routine of waking up early for school.

THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION TO THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12

Afable et al. (2020) pointed out that no one truly adapts to getting less
sleep than they require. Even if individuals become accustomed to a sleep-
deprived routine, their judgment, reaction time, and other cognitive abilities
remain impaired.

The Correlation of Sleep Quality and Task Workload to Academic

Performance of UST Graduate and Undergraduate Students

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One of the primary causes of disrupted circadian rhythms, especially

among students and young adults, is sleep deprivation. Based on Casaclang
et al. (2023), Filipinos sleep an average of 6 hours and 30 minutes to 6 hours
and 45 minutes per night, which falls below the recommended amount.

Assessing the Sleep Quality of Senior High School Students

Quinagan and Galabo (2023) highlights that getting enough sleep is

essential for mental, emotional, and physical well-being. However, lack of
sleep is a widespread issue in today’s nonstop lifestyle, particularly among
senior high school students. Their study highlights the need to examine sleep
quality, as sleep deprivation significantly affects students’ daily lives, yet it
remains an overlooked problem with no effective solution.

Correlation of Sleeping Habits to the Academic Performance of

Grade 12 Academic Track

According to Arquinez et al. (2023), sleep is one of the most influential

factors in students’ academic performance and behavior. Inadequate sleep
prevents the mind from functioning properly and reduces productivity in all
aspects of a student’s life. Since proper rest provides the energy needed for
daily activities, maintaining healthy sleep habits is crucial for academic
success.

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 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

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85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

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Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the discussion on the research methodology of

the study, and the procedures that will be used in the study. This includes
research method, design, population, instruments, data gathering procedures,
and treatment of data that the researchers used in this study.

Research Method
This research used a qualitative research method to investigate the
effect of sleep deprivation on the academic achievement of Grade 12

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85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

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Humanities and Social Sciences students at the College of Arts and Sciences
of Asia and the Pacific. The researcher used semi-structured interview and
focus group discussions as a technique to gather data from selected students
who have experienced sleep deprivation.

Data collection was conducted in a comfortable and confidential

environment to encourage openness and honest sharing. The students were
selected using convenience sampling, which allowed the researcher to
choose participants based on their availability and willingness to participate.
This method enabled the researcher to obtain important understanding of the
actual effects of sleep deprivation on academic performance of grade 12
Humanities and Social Sciences students.

Research Design
This research employed a narrative research design to investigate how
sleep deprivation impacts the academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS
students at the College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific. Narrative
inquiry emerged from social constructionism and the narrative turn,
highlighting to narrative researchers the significance of storytelling and the
notion that individuals’ lives are shaped by stories (Wollgemuth and Agosto,
2019). To gather relevant data, the researcher used non-probability sampling,
and convenience sampling, as the sampling technique.

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The participants selected based on their availability, willingness to

participate, and their relevance to the research topic. This method was
appropriate due to the limitations on time and the accessibility of participants
within the school setting. The selected students were those who had first
experience the sleep deprivation, the researcher was able to provide
meaningful insights into how it affected their academic performance. This
design enabled the researcher to obtain detailed data that provided deeper
insight into the students’ academic performance related to sleep deprivation.

Informant Selection
The researcher conducted the study with selected students from Grade
12 Humanities and Social Sciences at the College of Arts and Sciences of
Asia and the Pacific. Fifteen (15) students participated in the study, all of
whom were chosen based on their availability and willingness to share their
experiences related to sleep deprivation and academic performance.
The participants selected through convenience sampling, a form of
non-probability sampling, which allowed the researcher to easily access
participants who met the criteria and were open to taking part in the research.

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According toJawad Golzar (2022) Convenience sampling is one of the non-

probability sampling strategies used to choose participants from the target
population based on accessibility. The purpose of this descriptive essay is to
define convenient sampling, describe how to frame it, and then discuss its
possible advantages and disadvantages. This sampling technique has a
number of inherent advantages, such as being less expensive, time-
consuming, and easy to use. However, it also has a number of
disadvantages, including sample biases, systematic errors, a lack of
representativeness, and the inability to generalise the research findings. This
method was effective due to the limited time and resources available, and it
ensured that participants had firsthand experience relevant to the study’s
focus.
Every informant was a Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences
student who faced sleep deprivation during the academic year 2024-2025,
especially due to school-related tasks like exam preparation, finishing
assignments, and meeting deadlines. The students were able to articulate
their ideas and reflections clearly, enhancing the depth of the data gathered.
This selection method was suitable for a qualitative study since it
prioritized detailed information, enabling the researcher to obtain valuable
insights into the impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance from
the viewpoint of those who are directly affected.
Research Instrument

The researchers employed semi-structured interviews (SSI), a

qualitative method defined by William C. Adams (2017) as highly effective for
various important tasks, especially when several open-ended questions
necessitate additional inquiries. Carried out in a conversational manner with
individual participants, the semi-structured interview utilizes a mix of both

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closed- and open-ended inquiries, frequently followed by additional why or

how questions to gain deeper insight.

The researchers developed six (6) guide questions, structured to

includeincludee follow-up inquiries that encourage deeper reflection and
clarification. These questions were formulated in English and focused on
sleep habits, causes of sleep deprivation, academic impact, and coping
strategies. All questions were reviewed and validated by a panel of experts to
ensure clarity, relevance, and alignment with the research objectives.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH – CASAP RODRIGUEZ 24

 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers will use survey to conduct the data gathering. They
will also provide questionnaires for the respondents to answer. The
respondents must answer all of the questions that the researchers have
provided.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the researcher-made questionnaire was validated, the researcher
multiplied it to the number of copies sufficient to accommodate all the
respondents. Al the same time, the letter of request to the principals office of
the concerned school were prepared.
The letter of request and the copies of questionnaire were delivered
personally by the researchers to the office that is concerned. It was during the
delivery of the letter and of the copies of the instrument that the researcher
explained the details to help the respondents accomplish the questionnaires.
The questionnaires were retrieved on the same day when they were
answered.
The results of the retrieved copies of the questionnaire were tabulated.
Then, the data were analyzed and interpreted through the use of the most
appropriate statistical procedures.

Research Hypothesis
The Null Hypothesis in this study is stated as :

PRACTICAL RESEARCH – CASAP RODRIGUEZ 25

 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the respondents’

profession choice and their socio-economic status.

The Alternative Hypothesis in this study is stated as :

There is a significant relationship between the respondents’ profession
choice and their socio-economic status.

Definition of Terms
Affluence - State of wealth and prosperity.
Aspiration - Strong desire for career advancement or socioeconomic
improvement.
Authority - Power or influence in a profession or organization.

Career advancement - Progression to higher-paying or more prestigious

roles.
Career fulfillment - Achievement of professional goals.
Classism - Discrimination based on socioeconomic status.
Career ladder - Hierarchical progression within a profession.
Disadvantaged - Impeded by socioeconomic factors from achieving success.
Economic empowerment - Ability to improve socioeconomic status.
Glass ceiling - Invisible barriers limiting career advancement.
Self-employed - Working independently, without an employer.
Skill gap - Disparity between required and available skills.
Social capital - Networks and relationships facilitating career advancement.
Social mobility - Movement between socioeconomic classes.
Social stratification - Hierarchical organization of society.
Socioeconomic status - Individual’s or group’s position within a social
hierarchy.
Status symbol - Visible indicators of socioeconomic status.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH – CASAP RODRIGUEZ 26

 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Underprivileged - Disadvantaged due to socioeconomic circumstances.

Upper-class - Highest social stratum, characterized by wealth and influence.
Vocation - Profession or occupation considered fulfilling.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH – CASAP RODRIGUEZ 27

 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

PRACTICAL RESEARCH – CASAP RODRIGUEZ 28

 College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific

Rodriguez, Campus

85 D Payatas Road, Brgy. San Jose,

Rodriguez, Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

PRACTICAL RESEARCH – CASAP RODRIGUEZ 29