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Program No 2 CN

The document outlines various network connecting devices and cables used for interconnections, detailing their functions and characteristics. Key devices include repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, and gateways, each serving specific roles in data communication. Additionally, it describes network cables such as coaxial, fiber optic, and twisted pair cables, highlighting their applications and advantages in network performance.

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2 views

Program No 2 CN

The document outlines various network connecting devices and cables used for interconnections, detailing their functions and characteristics. Key devices include repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, and gateways, each serving specific roles in data communication. Additionally, it describes network cables such as coaxial, fiber optic, and twisted pair cables, highlighting their applications and advantages in network performance.

Uploaded by

arpiarpi1663
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Yakshay kamboj 4D3 11232911

Experiment No: 2

AIM : To study various network connecting devices and wires used for interconnections .
THEORY :
Network devices are physical devices that allow hardware on a computer network to
communicate and interact with each other. They ensure efficient communication between
connected devices by controlling data transfer, boosting signals, and linking different networks.
Each device serves a specific role, from simple data forwarding to complex routing between
networks.
Some common network devices used in modern networks are:
1. Repeater
2. Hub
3. Bridge
4. Switch
5. Router
6. Gateways
Repeater :
A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its main function is to amplify (i.e., regenerate) the
signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted to extend the
length to which the signal can be transmitted over the same network. When the signal becomes
weak, they copy it bit by bit and regenerate it at its star topology connectors connecting
following the original strength. It is a 2-port device.

Hub :
A hub is a multiport repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches,
for example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot
filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices.
Yakshay kamboj 4D3 11232911
Bridge :
A bridge operates at the data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on the functionality of
filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of the source and destination. It is also used
for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It typically connects multiple
network segments and each port is connected to different segment. The exact number of ports
depends on the type of bridge and design, but it usually has at least two ports for basic
functionality.

Switch :
A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost its efficiency(a large
number of ports imply less traffic) and performance. A switch is a data link layer device. The
switch can perform error checking before forwarding data, which makes it very efficient as it
does not forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to the correct
port only.

Router :
A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. The router
is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs and have a
dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data
packets. The router divides the broadcast domains of hosts connected through it.
Yakshay kamboj 4D3 11232911
Gateways :
A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks that may work upon
different networking models. They work as messenger agents that take data from one system,
interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also called protocol converters and
can operate at any network layer. Gateways are generally more complex than switches or
routers.

The wires used to connect devices in a computer network are called network cables. Network
cables are an essential part of network architecture and are used to deliver services like internet
access, email, and file sharing. They can improve network performance by increasing
bandwidth and signal quality, which allows for faster data transmission.
The main types of network cables are:
1. Coaxial cable
2. Fiber optic cable
3. Twisted pair cable

Coaxial cable :
A coaxial cable is used to carry high-frequency electrical signals with low losses. It uses
10Base2 and 10Base5 Ethernet variants. It has a copper conductor in the middle that is
surrounded by a dielectric insulator generally made of PVC or Teflon. It is usually used in
telephone systems, cable TV, etc.
Yakshay kamboj 4D3 11232911
Fiber optic cable :
Fiber optic cables use optical fibres which are made of glass cores surrounded by several layers
of covering material generally made of PVC or Teflon. It transmits data in the form of light
signals due to which there are no interference issues in fibre optics. Fiber optics can transmit
signals over a very long distance as compared to twisted pairs or coaxial cables.

Twisted pair cable :


A twisted pair is a copper wire cable in which two insulated copper wires are twisted around
each other to reduce interference or crosstalk. There are two types of twisted pair cable:
1. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable: In STP the wires are covered by a copper braid
covering or a foil shield, this foil shield adds a layer that protects it against
interference leaking into and out of the cable. Hence, they are used for longer
distances and higher transmission rates.
2. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable: Unshielded twisted pair cable is one of the
most commonly used cables in computer networks at present time. UTP consists of
two insulated copper wires twisted around one another, the twisting of wires helps in
controlling interference.

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