INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Barangay Magpayang is under the municipality of Mainit, province of Surigao del Norte.

It is located at the side of Mainit lake and has a neighboring barangay known as Brgy. Roxas on

its west side, Brgy. Siana on its east side, Brgy. Del Rosario on its north side and Brgy. Pongtud

on its south side. Barangay Magpayang has a total land area of 596 hectares. The uses of this total

land area is divided into different categories; 40% are used for farm, 25% for residential, 3% for

business establishment, 12% for school, 5% for public places and 15% are unused land or idle

land. The 12% of the used by the school is consist of three level; elementary, high school and

college (Surigao State College of Technology). Because of having a tertiary school, it is expected

to have a student from different places that will stay in boarding house or apartment and this will

result to increasing water demand. Barangay Magpayang is consist of 7 puroks and has 429

households. The population in this Barangay has a total of 1827, including the students and

faculties who is staying in boarding houses and apartments.

The barangay has one reservoir as source of water for domestic use. The fresh water in

reservoir is come from the mountain in neighboring municipality. Because of having a huge

population, some household can’t get fresh water especially Purok 2. Purok 2 has 45 total

households, 5 boarding house and has a total population of 375, including the faculties and

students. Almost 50% of these total households in Purok 2 cannot get enough water. Though the

reservoir is big enough, the problem is the improper design of water distribution pipes. In other

hands, the farmer depends on the irrigation so they will not affect the demand for fresh water.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem

As this paper aims to make a guide for designing a sustainable and proper water distribution

pipes in Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang, the following are the guide questions to this study:

1. What design of water distribution pipes are present and why it cannot provide enough

water?

2. What should be the proper design of water distribution system in Purok 2?

3. How much will this design cost?

1.3 Objectives of the Project

The following are the objectives of this study:

1. To determine the problem in the current water distribution system in Purok 2.

2. To make a guide design for sustainable and proper water distribution system in Purok 2.

3. To estimate the cost of the project.

1.4 Significance of the Study

We all know that water is one of the basic needs of the people. So, we as engineering

students wants to solve the problem of water supply deficiency in Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang.

This project will provide a design of water distribution system in the said community. This study

will help and can be used as a reference for the government to make a sustainable and proper

design of water distribution system, not just in Purok 2 Barangay Magpayang but also in other

areas that has water supply problem. And also this study can be used as reference for students,

researchers, and other constituents in the study of water distribution system.

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 In addition, the searchers want to make this community to improve and will help the

residents to make their way of living even better.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

As this study aims to provide enough water in the community, this study focuses only in

making a design for water distribution system form Lake Mainit to Purok 2, Magpayang, Mainit,

Surigao del Norte. This study was done to determine and solve the water supply deficiency with

regards of the knowledge about the existing water pipe lines in Purok 2. The study includes

knowing the water demand in the community, the proper design of water distribution system and

estimating the cost of the project. And also this project involves Local Government Unit as the

source of funds for this project.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains information that was obtained from related literatures that were

conducted prior to this study which will give the reader a wide understanding on this specific study.

Water is a basic necessity of all life forms on earth. It is one of the fundamental resources

that is being consumed by animals, human beings and plants. It is impossible for a life to function

without the presence of water.

Water is one of the most abundant substances on Earth which covers more than 70 per cent

(70%) of the earth’s surface and exists as vapor in the earth’s atmosphere. It is used for many

different purposes throughout our economy and natural resources. In agriculture, water is

necessary in the development of crops, in fish farming and livestock watering. In a rural or

residential settings, water is used for various daily activities such as cooking, bathing, cleaning,

flushing of toilets and waste disposal. Water is used in commercial settings for establishments such

as restaurants, hotels, malls and other commercial facilities like municipal landscapes, public

swimming pools and parks. In industries, water is used for the manufacturing of goods like

beverages and instant foods. It is also used to clean, cool and operate machineries. In relation to

the production of a renewable energy, water is used in hydroelectric power plant as a medium to

produce power and electricity.

2.1 Water Demand

Water demand is defined as the quantity of water that the treatment plant must produce in

order to meet all water needs in the community. It includes water delivered to the system to meet

4
the needs of consumers, water supply for firefighting and system flushing, and water required to

properly operate the treatment facilities

(https://www.newportoregon.gov/dept/pwk/documents/Section06.pdf).

The first step in designing a Level II or small Level III water system is to consider and

determine the amount of water needed by the population to be covered. The supply must be

sufficient for the existing and future consumers (RWS Volume 1, 2012).

2.2 Water Resources

Water resources are the natural resources of water that are potentially useful. Uses of water

include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. All living

things require water to grow and reproduce (https://www.ceaa-

acee.gc.ca/050/documents_staticpost/63169/93967/Vol2/Sisson_EIA_July2013_Section_8-

4_Water_Resources.pdf).

Only 3% of the Earth's water is

fresh water. Most of it is in icecaps and

glaciers (69%) and groundwater (30%),

while all lakes, rivers and swamps

combined only account for a small

fraction (0.3%) of the Earth's total

freshwater reserves.

Out of this percentage of the total

amount of water resources, only 3% Figure 2.1 A graphical distribution of the locations
of water on Earth.
comprises the freshwater or water that
5
can be converted into a drinkable one. Freshwater environments include the rivers, lakes, streams,

underground aquifers and wetlands. It supplies water for drinking, growing crops, manufacturing,

energy and transport. The increase of human population, excessive consumption, and improving

living standards are the driving factor on the rising demand for water

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resources#Water_scarcity_and_water_shortages).

2.3 Water Quality

According to the University of Arkansas, water quality describes a broad spectrum of items

related on how can a person identify water concerns and collectively address them. It is widely

defined as the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water in respect to its suitability

for a designated use.

In addition, according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, water quality

describes the condition of the water, including chemical, physical, and biological characteristics,

usually with respect to its suitability for a particular purpose such as drinking or swimming.

Water quality is measured by several factors such as salinity, turbidity, concentration of

microorganisms, and the presence of pesticides and other contaminants. Poor water quality can

cause diseases and health risk to both humans and the ecosystems.

2.4 Water Distribution System

Water distribution systems convey water drawn from the water source or from the

treatment facilities, to the point where it is delivered to the consumers. These systems deal with

water demand that depends considerably in the course of a day. These systems consist of pipes,

pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings and other hydraulic apparatus. The

6
purpose of distribution system is to deliver water to consumers with appropriate quality, quantity

and pressure (Adeosun, 2014).

Water can be transported from the

source to the treatment plant or facility and

eventually will reach the consumers through

gravity flow, which has an ideal set up of the

water source at a considerably higher

elevation than the area of the consumers,

through pumping with storage, which the Figure 2.2 An example model of a Water
Distribution System
water is either pumped to a distribution pipe

network, then to the consumers, with excess water going to a storage tank, or pumped to a storage

tank first, the water is distributed by gravity from the tank to the consumers or through direct

pumping to the distribution system where water is pumped directly from the source to the

distribution system to the consumers.

The function of a water distribution system is to deliver water to all consumers of the

system in sufficient quantity for potable drinking water and fire protection purposes, at the

appropriate pressure, with minimal loss, of safe and acceptable quality, and as economically as

possible (Male and Walski, 1991).

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2.5 Factors Affecting Water Supply

The following are the physical factors that affect water supply

(https://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/CRM_Water_Factors_Supply.php):

2.5.1 Climate

According to National Geographic, climate change is affecting water access around the

globe, causing more severe droughts and floods. Climate change impacts the process of water cycle

by influencing when, where, and how much precipitation falls. The increase of global temperatures

can cause water to evaporate in larger amounts, which will lead to higher levels of water vapor

and more frequent intense rains in the years to come.

2.5.2 Geology

According to Cool Geography, geology affects where water is stored and the location of

aquifers and groundwater. Where rocks are impermeable (it cannot allow the fluid to pass through),

water remains on the earth’s surface in rivers. Where rocks are permeable (penetrable by liquids

or gases through pores or opening) then the water can infiltrate into the ground and either be moved

by underground rivers or be stored.

The following are the human factors that affect water

supply(https://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/CRM_Water_Factors_Supply.php):

2.5.3 Pollution

Water resources are under threat through wastage. Human activities can pollute both

surface and ground water supplies. The following are the main source of water pollution:

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 • Discharge of Untreated Raw Sewage from households and factories which can cause

cholera, hepatitis and typhoid.

• Chemicals and heavy metals such as lead and cadmium which are dumped from the

factories.

• Agricultural run-offs that make their way into the rivers, streams and groundwater sources

which can cause eutrophication and kill aquatic life.

• Littering of harmful materials such as plastics, aluminum, glass and Styrofoam in rivers,

oceans, lakes and other bodies of water.

2.5.4 Over Abstraction

When too much water is taken out of an aquifer, it can limit future water supplies and can

have drastic effects. Over abstraction can result into aquifer depletion and water-quality

degradation. The subsidence due to over abstraction can cause pipes to break, sink holes to appear,

and can allow saltwater to intrude inland, polluting the ground water.

2.5.5 Water Infrastructure and Poverty

This is the pipework, cleaning facilities, waste treatment plants, pumps and storage

facilities are needed to guarantee water supplies within a country or a place. Because of poverty,

people in poorer countries cannot afford such infrastructure and still suffer from the lack of access

to clean water.

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2.6 Strategies to Increase Water Supply

The following are the strategies to increase water supply

(https://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/CRM_Water_Strategies_Increase_sSupply.php);

2.6.1 Dams and Reservoirs

One way to manage water supply is to build huge concrete and steel structures like dams.

These dams block river and cause the water from the river to back up and flood the valley upstream

creating a large lake known as a reservoir. By building these structures, it will allow engineers to

control the flow of river and hence can be used to store water during wet season and be consumed

at times of water shortage.

2.6.2 Water Transfers

Water schemes simply move water from an area of surplus in a country to one which has a

deficit. This can take place either through gravity systems or large pumping stations, and be moved

in canals or pipes.

2.6.3 Desalination

Desalination is the process of removing salt and other minerals existing in seawater to

produce a drinkable water. It is used in the places where fresh water supplies are short but has an

abundant supply of seawater to supply a community with fresh water for household and

agricultural use.

2.7 Water Distribution Pipelines Design

The pipelines of a water distribution system can be divided into three functional categories:

trunk mains that convey water in bulk from the source, usually to a service reservoir; principal
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feeder mains, or principal mains that convey a relative large amount of water from the reservoir

into the areas of consumers; and distribution mains that supply water to consumer’s connection.

Distribution mains are designed to meet the hourly variation demand of the consumers.

The pipelines of distribution system normally comprise the largest capital asset that is possesses

by an undertaken. The water supply system design shall consider the functional aspects of the plant

layout, access roads, site grading, site drainage, walks, and driveways.

According to the Rural Water Supply Design Manual, the following are the factors in

selecting pipeline materials;

2.7.1 Flow Characteristics

The friction head loss is dependent on the flow characteristics of pipes. Friction loss is a

power loss and thus may affect the operating costs of the system if a pump is used.

2.7.2 Pipe Strength

Select the pipe with a working pressure and bursting pressure rating adequate to meet the

operating conditions of the system. Standard water pipes are satisfactory usually only in low

pressure water supply systems.

2.7.3 Durability

Select the type of pipe with good life expectancy given the operating conditions and the

soil conditions of the system. It should have an expected life of 30 years or more.

2.7.4 Type of Soil

Select the type of pipe that is suited to the type of soil in the area under consideration. For

instance, acidic soil can easily corrode G.I. pipes and very rocky soil can damage plastic pipes

unless they are properly bedded in sand or other type of material.

2.7.5 Availability
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 Select locally manufactured and/or fabricated pipes whenever available.

2.7.6 Cost of Pipes

Aside from the initial cost of pipes, the cost of installation should be considered. This is

affected by the type of joint (such as screwed, solvent weld, slip joint, etc.), weight of pipe (for

ease of handling), depth of bury required, and width of trench and depth of cover required.

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 CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY

3.1 Background

The majority of the land of Barangay Magpayang is flat and the only uphill side is in the

north part of the area. The uphill side of the barangay is utilized mostly by the school, SSCT, where

the school used it for livestock raising area because this school offers agricultural courses. And the

other uphill side is the forest or the idle land. The south side of the barangay is used form farming.

The water in the farm is from the irrigation system. And the south boundary of the barangay is the

Mainit lake.

This barangay belongs to type IV climate, so the rainfall is eventually distributed through

the whole year. However, there are some cases that more storms appear on the last quarter of the

year. And no doubt that in these months’ fresh water supply is interrupted by many problems. Like,

pipes breakdown or cut pipes connecting from the source to the reservoir because of some flash

floods in the mountain where the pipes are located. And this will result to no water supply in the

whole community for almost 2-3weeks.

Purok 2, the area where we want to design a water system, is flat and 200 meters away

from the reservoir. The reservoir is located in the uphill area of the barangay in north side and

purok 2 in located in the center of the barangay.

. Purok 2 has 45 total numbers of households, 5 boarding house and has a total population

of 375. Almost 50% of these total households in purok 2 can’t get enough fresh water to drink and

for domestic use.

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3.2 Demographic Condition

Barangay Magpayang is composed of household, rice farm, commercial establishments,

school establishments, government establishments and religious establishment. The schools are;

Magpayang Elementary School, Magpayang National High School and Surigao State College of

technology.

The people in this barangay are engaged in different means of livelihood, some work in

mining, some are government employee, some are farmers, tricycle drivers and some get their

income in small business establishment.

In terms of religion, majority of the people in barangay Magpayang are Catholic.

The population grew from 1635 in year 2018 to 1827 as of January 2021. The average birth

is 20 and the average death is 13 annually. The abrupt grow in population is because of the faculty

and student from the college who stay in the barangay. The age of the residents is ranging from;

26-50 which is the majority of the resident as it covers the 30% of the total population, 15-25

covers 23% of the population, 0-1yr. old is 5%, 1-10 is 10%, 10-15 is 12%, 51-60 covers 14%,

and 61 above covers 6% of the total population.

Purok 2 is composed only of household, boarding house and rice farm. And most of the

resident of Purok 2 relies on farming and fishing as their source of income. Though some residents

have a small business like boarding house and sari-sari store. The total population of Purok 2 is

375, and the age of majority of the resident is 17-30 which covers 45% of the population.

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3.3 Basis Social Service

Since then, DSWD always extend their social service to the community with their 4P’s

program. But when the mining in the nearby places started to group bigger, they also lend some

social services to the community like feeding program, giving of school supplies, scholarships and

other.

3.4 Existing Water Supply and Sanitary Services

The water supply in the barangay is from the mountain in the neighboring municipality.

There is one reservoir, canals along the street and irrigation. And this one reservoir is the only

source of fresh water for the whole community which is obviously not enough. Though there is

lake in the south area but it is not qualified as source of drinking and domestic water.

Floods occurs in the lower area of the barangay near in the Mainit lake, which is normally

happens which there is heavy rainfall. And the lower area is the rice farm so when it floods the

farmers is the most affected.

15
 CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the place of the study and the method which will be used in the

study to collect data and information to achieve its objectives.

4.1 Locale of the Study

The study was conducted at Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao del Norte.

Barangay Magpayang is situated at approximately 9.5357, 125.5583, in the island of Mindanao.

Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 50.2 meters or 164.7 feet above mean sea level.

Figure 4.1 Study Area

Fig 4.1 shows the location of the study area – Purok 2 Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao del Norte.

4.2 Research Design

The design of the water distribution system in this study is in Level II of water service level

which comprises a reservoir, a source, a piped distribution network and communal faucets, usually,

one faucet serves four to six households within the radius of 25 meters. Generally suitable for rural

fringe areas where houses are clustered densely to justify a simple piped system. The design period
16
of the project is 10 years. The number of consumers and the water demand in this area are based

on the design period of the project and the base year is 2020.

The first step in designing a Level II water system is to determine the water demand of the

population of the water system project. The water supply should be sufficient to cover both the

existing and future beneficiaries (RWS Volume 1, 2012). In this study, there is no definitive data

available on the water consumption in the community, then the water consumptions will be based

on Rural Water Supply Design Manual Volume 1. For domestic water demand which is expressed

in litre per capita consumption per day, the unit consumption assumption recommended for Level

II domestic usages in rural areas is 50 lpcd. Then, the daily demand of the community will be

determined. By the discharge taken from the source and the calculated water demand of the

community, the designed volume capacity of the reservoir can be obtained.

RWS Volume 1 also stated that Level II water system is generally recommended for rural

and urban fringe areas where houses are clustered in sufficient density to justify a simple piped

system. The beneficiaries still go to the supply point or communal faucet to fetch water.

4.3 Data Gathering and Procedure

The following procedures are needed for the computation of necessary data for the study:

1. Projecting Annual Municipal and Barangay Growth Rates

𝑷𝒏 𝟏
𝑮𝑹 = ( )𝒏 − 𝟏
𝑷𝒐

where 𝑷𝒏=𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

17
 𝑷𝒐=𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝑮𝑹=𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒

𝒏=𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑠

2. Projecting Municipal and Barangay Populations

𝑷𝒏 = 𝑷𝒐(𝟏 + 𝑮𝑹)𝒏

where 𝑷𝒏=𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝑷𝒐=𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑

𝑮𝑹=𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑠

𝒏=𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑠

3. Design Life (DL)

𝑫𝑳 = (𝟏 + 𝒊)𝒏

where 𝒊=𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝒏=𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

4. Daily Demand (DD)

𝑫𝑫=(𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔)(𝑫𝑳)(𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏)

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5. Water Requirement Design

𝑫𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒚 𝑫𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝑸𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 =
𝑺𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆

6. Base Flow

𝑸𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 = (𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚)(𝑸𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 )

where 𝑸𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 = discharge from the source

7. Check for Adequacy

𝟐𝑸𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 ≥ 𝑸𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏

(24/Service Time)* Qbase ≥ Qdesign

19
 CHAPTER 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Population Forecast

Table 5.1 comprises the actual data of Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang. The historical

population growth rates of the municipality/ city/ barangays are needed as the basis for population

projections (RWS Volume 1, 2012). The data used in the growth rate of Purok 2, Barangay

Magpayang are the population count from 2017 and 2020 based on the data gathered of census by

the researchers.

Table 5.1 Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang Data

Growth Rate in Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang
2017 Population 187
2021 Population 375
Design Life 10 years
Population Growth Rate 19 %
Consumption 130,121 liters / day
Discharge (Qflow) 2.86 liters / second
Service Time 24 hours

The basic equations to be used to determine the average annual growth rate within the last

censual period from 2017 to 2021.

𝟏 1
𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒏 375 4
𝑮𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒕𝒉 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆, 𝑮 = (𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏) - 1 = ( 187 ) − 1 = 19 %

20
 The projected growth rates are preliminary and should be examined if reasonable and

realistic. These should be compared with projections, if any, from the Provincial and Municipal

Planning and Development Offices. Adjustments on the computed growth rates should be made as

considered necessary (RWS Volume 1, 2012).

5.2 Water Demand Assessment

5.2.1 Water Quality

The water is clear, colorless, and odorless. The information gathered about the water

source is through interviews.

5.2.2 Water Quantity

The quantity of water is determined through actual measurement of known volume over

time for several trials, history of reduction or drying up

In this study, the designers were able to determine the quantity of water and number of

consumers of Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao del Norte.

The total number of population in Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang is 375 persons.

Moreover, the proposed water supply project will cater all the residents of the purok provided the

growth rate, design life of the project, and the water discharge from the lake.

21
Figure 5.1 Resource Map

Figure 5.1.1 (EPANET) Resource Map

22
 Figure 5.2 Resource Map

Figure 5.2.1 (EPANET) Resource Map

Fig. 5.1 and 5.2 shows the Resource Map. The water source area is located at the south part of

Barangay Magpayang which is the upper part of Lake Mainit while the Supply Area is located at

Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao del Norte.

Fig. 5.1.1 and 5.2.1 shows the EPANET Resource Map.

23
Figure 5.3 Intake Location

Figure 5.3 shows the proposed

location of the intake.

24
 Figure 5.4 Supply Area Map

Figure 5.4.1 (EPANET) Supply Area

Fig. 5.4 shows the Supply Area is located at Purok 2, Barangay Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao del

Norte.

Fig. 5.4.1 shows the EPANET Supply Map.

25
Figure 5.5 Reservoir Location

Fig 5.5 shows the location of the

proposed reservoir.

Figure 5.6 Tap Stand 1 Location Figure 5.7 Tap Stand 2 Location

26
Figure 5.8 Tap Stand 3 Location

Figure 5.9 Tap Stand 4 Location

27
 Figure 5.10 Tap Stand 5 Location

Fig 5.6, Fig. 5.7, and Fig 5.10 shows the proposed location of the Tap Stands. Each Tap

Stands has three (3) public faucets.

Fig. 5.8 and Fig 5.9 shows the proposed location of the Tap Stands. Each Tap Stands has

two (2) public faucets.

28
 In this section, the designers used factor of safeties in designing the water system project.

Factor of safety is essential in consideration to the unexpected demands of the beneficiaries.

Table 5.2 Design Life, DL

DL = (𝟏 + 𝒊)𝒏 ; 𝒏 = 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓, 𝒊 = 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒕𝒉 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆
i, % 19
n, year 10
DL 5.695

The design life of the project is essential in considering the existing and future consumers.

This number serves as a factor of safety in computing daily water demand in Table 5.3.

Table 5.3 Daily Demand, DD

DD = (DL) (No. Of Bens.) (Ave. Consumption Per Person Per Day)

Population 375 persons

Ave. Consumption per person per day 50 lpcd
DD: 106,781 li/day

The designers assumed that the average consumption per person a day of 50 liter per capita

per day (lpcd). RWS Vol.1 stated that when the water system is Level II, the designers can assume

50-60 lpcd of the average consumption per person per day.

Table 5.4 Water Requirement (Qdesign)

Daily Demand (DD) 106,781.25 li/day
Service Time 24 hours
Qdesign: 106,781 𝑙𝑖 𝑑𝑎𝑦 1ℎ𝑟
= (24ℎ𝑟) (3600𝑠)= 1.236 li/s
𝑑𝑎𝑦

29
 The design flow (Qdesign) is the rate of volume of water and time. Since the area of supply

is residential, the duration of water supply is assumed to be 24 hours. Design flow (Qdesign) is the

daily water demand of the beneficiaries in service time of 24 hours.

Table 5.5 Base Flow

Base Flow (Qbase = 0.7*Qflow)
Efficency 0.7
Qflow (from source) 2.86 li/s
Qbase: = 0.7 (2.86li/s) = 2.00 li/s

The base flow is the factored discharge flow of the source which is 2.86 liters per second.

Discharge flow of source is multiplied by 0.7 or 70%, thus making allowance of 30% more of the

2.86 liters per second.

Table 5.6 Adequacy

Adequacy (2Qbase ≥ Qdesign)
2*Qbase 4.00 li/s
Qdesign 1.236 li/s
Remarks: The source is sufficient!

Adequacy ((24/Service Time)* Qbase ≥ Qdesign)

(24/Service Time)* Qbase 2.00 li/s
Qdesign 1.236 li/s
Remarks: The source is sufficient!

30
 The adequacy of the water system is required. The supply of the water system must be

greater than the daily water demand of the area of supply.

Capacity of Reservoir

The capacity of the reservoir has to be determined. The reservoir is necessary if the water

demand is greater than the water supply. Table 5.7 shows the calculation whether reservoir is

necessary or not.

Table 5.7 Capacity of Reservoir

Hrs % of No. of Demand Supply Difference Water on
Service Time
use ben. (li/day) (li/day) (li/day) reservoir
(li)
3:00 AM – 6:00 AM 3 10 38 10,678 15,760 +5,082 5,082
6:00 AM – 12:00 PM 6 30 112 32,034 43,500 +11,466 16,548
12:00 PM – 3:00 PM 3 15 56 16,017 1,750 -14,267 2,281
3:00 PM – 6:00 PM 3 20 75 21,356 19,800 -1,556 725
6:00 PM – 9:00 PM 3 20 75 21,356 21,600 +244 969
9:00 PM – 3:00 AM 6 5 19 5,340 25,800 +23,460 24,429
TOTAL 24 100 375 106,781 131, 210 +24,429

1 1 𝑙𝑖
Minimum Storage Capacity of Reservoir : 4 (𝐴𝐷𝐷) = (106,781 𝑠𝑒𝑐) = 26,695.25 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
4

Maximum Storage Capacity of Reservoir : 131,210 liters

The difference between Total Demand and Total Supply is Positive. Hence, construction

of Reservoir is not necessary. The group, however, will still use reservoir for the sake of safeness

and reserve provided that the chosen storage capacity is within the stated range of the storage

capacity.
31
 Table 5.8 Reservoir
Reservoir Storage 40,000 liters
Qbase 2.00 li/s
Service Time 24 hours
Recharging Time 24 hours
Time to Fill Reservoir 5.56 hrs

From the formula, V = q x t, the required time to fill the reservoir is 5.56 hours using the

base flow of the water system which is 2.00 li/s.

Table 5.9 Relative Flow

Qbase 2.00 li/s
Qdesign 1.236 li/s
Qrelative +0.764 li/s

The design flow is smaller than the base flow. Thus, the designers conclude that the water

supply system can sufficiently provide water for the target beneficiaries.

32
Design of Reservoir

The designers will use an elevated steel reservoir with 30,000 liters capacity. Instead of
constructing the reservoir, the designers will order an elevated steel reservoir that is ready for
installation.

Capacity of Reservoir : 40,000 liters

Dimensions of Reservoir : Diameter = 3.0 m

Height = 4.0 m

Fig 5.11 Reservoir Details

3.5

3.5
3.0 Dia.

33
Figure 5.12 Preliminary Layout Part A

Figure 5.12.1 Preliminary Layout Part A- EPANET

34
Figure 5.13 Preliminary Layout Part B

Figure 5.13.1 Preliminary Layout Part B- EPANET

35
Hydraulic Analysis

Table 5.10 Tap Stand

STRUCTURE Design No. Ben Daily Demand(li/day) Q (li/sec) No. of Faucet
Intake Box - - 2.00 -
Tap Stand 1 85 24,204 0.281 3
Tap Stand 2 80 22,780 0.263 3
Tap Stand 3 70 19,932 0.231 2
Tap Stand 4 60 17,085 0.198 2
Tap Stand 5 80 22,780 0.263 3
Total 375 106,781 1.236 13

The 2.00 li/sec water discharge from the intake box is the factored flow of source which is

2.86 li/sec. Calculation is shown in Table A.5. The design of the Taps Stand depends on the number

of the beneficiaries within that Tap Stand. Tap Stand 1, Tap Stand 2, and Tap Stand 3 have the

same number of faucets while the Tap Stand 4 has 2 faucets due to smaller number of beneficiaries.

The daily demand is calculated based on the number of beneficiaries.

36
Columns: Description
Column 1 Nodes are named as shown having the beginning points and the end
points. These nodes are the segments of pipes along the piping
system.
Column 2 and 3 The beginning and end of each nodes are labeled with numbers
Column 4 and 5 The beginning and end of each nodes are labeled with stations
Column 6 and 7 These are the actual elevations of the beginning and end of each node.
Column 8 These are the distances between the beginning and end of each nodes.
Column 9 These are the difference in elevations between two stations.
Column 10 The ratio of Difference in Elevations and Difference in Stations (hf)
Column 11 The ratio in column 10 multiplied by (100m/100m). The product is called
the Available Head Losses (Hf/100) in meters per 100 meters.
Column 12 These are the flows (Q) in each nodes (pipe segments along the system).
Column 13 Friction Head Loss (HF/100)
Column 14 Inside diameter of the pipe using Column 10 and Column 12
Column 15 Total Head Loss using the Friction Head Loss (HF/100)

37
Table 5.11 Column 1-7 Calculation

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7

Node Beg. End Beg Sta. End Sta. Beg Elev., m End Elev., m
A 1 2 0 10 38 38.5
B 2 2' 10 11 38.5 38.7
B' 2' 3 11 2,040 38.7 48
C 3 4 2,040 2,100 48 45
D 4 7 2,100 2,220 45 50
E 4 8 2,100 2,145 45 49
F 4 5 2,100 2,160 45 48
G 5 9 2,160 2,170 48 47
H 5 6 2,160 2,230 48 48
I 6 10 2,230 2,240 49 48
J 6 11 2,230 2,325 49 47

38
Table 5.12 Column 8-9 Calculation

Column 8 Column 9
Node Beginning End End Sta. – Beg Sta., m End Elev. – Beg. Elev., m
A 1 2 0+010 – 0+000 = 10 38.5 – 38 = 0.5
B 2 2' 0+011 – 0+010 = 1 38.7 – 38.6 = 0.2
B' 2' 3 2+040 – 0+011 = 2029 48 – 38.7 = 9.3
C 3 4 2+100 – 2+040 = 60 45 – 48 = 3
D 4 7 2+220 – 2+100 = 120 50 – 45 = 5
E 4 8 2+145 – 2+100 = 45 49 – 45 = 4
F 4 5 2+160 – 2+100= 60 48 – 45 = 3
G 5 9 2+170 – 2+160 = 10 47 – 48 = 1
H 5 6 2+230 – 2+160 = 70 48 – 48 = 0
I 6 10 2+240 – 2+230 = 10 48 – 49 = 1
J 6 11 2+325 – 2+230 = 95 47 – 49 = 2

39
Table 5.13 Column 10-12 Calculation
Column 10 Column 11 Column 12

Node 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟. 𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟.𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

𝒙
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎
= Q, li/s
𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟.𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎
𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟. 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Hf/100
𝐡𝐟
A 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟎. 𝟓 2.00
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
B 0.2 0.2 2.00
= 𝟎. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
B' 𝟗. 𝟑 𝟗. 𝟑 2.00
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟖
𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟗 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟗
C 𝟑 𝟑 1.236
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓
𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎
D 𝟓 𝟓 0.281
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟏𝟔𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔𝟕
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎
E 𝟒 𝟒 0.263
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟖𝟗
𝟒𝟓 𝟒𝟓
F 𝟑 𝟑 1.236
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓
𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎
G 𝟏 𝟏 0.231
= 𝟎. 𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
H 𝟎 𝟎 1.236
=𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎
𝟕𝟎 𝟕𝟎
I 𝟏 𝟏 0.198
= 𝟎. 𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
J 𝟐 𝟐 0.236
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐. 𝟏
𝟗𝟓 𝟗𝟓

40
 Refer to Table 11.1 of RWS Vol.1 in determining the inside diameter of the pipe by locating

corresponding values of flow (Q) and Friction Head Loss (Hf/100). Choose the nearest value of Q

and Hf/100 from the table.

Table 5.14 Column 13-15 Calculation

Column 13 Column 14 Column 15

Nodes Hf/100 Near Value (HF/100) Inside HL, m

of Q, li/s Diameter, mm 𝑯𝑭
(𝑷𝒊𝒑𝒆 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉)
𝟏𝟎𝟎

A 5 2.00 0.32 75 0.32

(10) = 0.032
100
B 20 2.00 0.32 75 0.32
(1) = 0.003
100
B' 0.458 2.00 0.32 75 0.32
(2,029) = 6.4928
100
C 5 1.20 0.30 63 0.30
(60) = 0.18
100
D 4.167 0.30 0.23 38 0.23
(120) = 0.276
100
E 8.889 0.30 0.23 38 0.23
(45) = 0.1035
100
F 5 1.20 0.30 63 0.30
(60) = 0.18
100
G 10 0.20 0.32 31 0.32
(10) = 0.032
100
H 0 1.20 0.30 63 0.30
(70) = 0.21
100
I 10 0.20 0.32 31 0.32
(10) = 0.032
100
J 2.1 0.20 0.32 31 0.32
(95) = 0.304
100

41
 Note that in choosing a pipe, choose the pipe with a smallest head loss because according

to RWS Volume I, the larger the pipe, the smaller the head loss. Based on the calculations in Table

5.14, the chosen pipes can safely carry water along the system since their total head losses are smaller

than their available head losses between stations. (i.e. HL < Hf/100).

Table 5.15 Product Specifications for ISO HDPE

Nominal Outside LENGTH, SDR 9 SDR 11 SDR 13.5 SDR 17
Size, inch Diameter meters PR=200 psi PR=160 psi PR=128 psi PR=100psi
( OD ), ( Hs = 125 m ) ( Hs = 100 m ) ( Hs = 70 m ) ( Hs = 50 m )
mm t, mm t, mm t, mm t, mm
1/2 20 150 2.22 1.82 1.57 1.57
3/4 25 150 2.78 2.27 1.85 1.62
1 32 100 3.56 2.91 2.37 1.88
1-1/4 40 60 4.44 3.64 2.96 2.35
1–1/2 50 60 5.56 4.55 3.70 2.94
2 63 60 7.00 5.73 4.46 3.71
2–1/2 75 60 8.33 6.81 5.55 4.41
3 90 6 10.00 8.18 6.67 5.29
4 110 6 12.22 10.00 8.16 6.47
6 160 6 17.78 14.55 11.85 9.41

The inside diameters of pipes in mm are converted into inches to get the corresponding

nominal size in Table 5.15. The outside diameter is located horizontally from the nominal size

column.

42
 Figure 5.14 Standard Dimension Ratio

Standard Dimension Ratio’s Working Equations:

SDR = O.D. / t

Thickness (t) = (O.D. – I.D.) / 2

43
 Table 5.16 shows the conversion of the diameter in mm into inch and the corresponding
outside diameter of pipes.

Table 5.16 Specifications of PE Pipes High Density Polythene Extrusion Pipes

Nodes Beg End Inside Converted Near Value of Outside Calculated SDR
Diameter, Inside Inside Diameter SDR
mm Diameter, Diameter,
inch inch
A 1 2 75 2.95 3 90 12 13.5
B 2 2' 75 2.95 3 90 12 13.5
B' 2' 3 75 2.95 3 90 12 13.5
C 3 4 63 2.48 2 - 1 / 2 = 2.50 75 12.5 13.5
D 4 7 38 1.50 1 - 1 / 2 = 1.50 50 8.33 9
E 4 8 38 1.50 1 - 1 / 2 = 1.50 50 8.33 9
F 4 5 63 2.48 2 - 1 / 2 = 2.50 75 12.5 13.5
G 5 9 31 1.22 1 - 1 / 4 = 1.25 40 8.89 9
H 5 6 63 2.48 2 - 1 / 2 = 2.50 75 12.5 13.5
I 6 10 31 1.22 1 - 1 / 4 = 1.25 40 8.89 9
J 6 11 31 1.22 1 - 1 / 4 = 1.25 40 8.89 9

44
Water Pumping System

In designing the water system having water source located at lower elevation than the area

of supply, water pump is necessary in order to sufficiently transport the water to the distribution

system or the beneficiaries. It is also crucial to determine the capacity of the pump to be used

because the upward flow of the water depends on the capacity of the pump. Economical choice of

the pump must also be considered.

From the actual measurements, the followings are the given quantities:

Pipe Length: 2,040 m

𝑸base = 2.00 li/s
Total Height of the Reservoir = 10 m
Static Head = 48 – 38 = 10 m

Head loss per 75mm using Table 11.1 of RWS (Page 11.5, Vol.1):
Q = 2.00 li/s D = 75 mm HF = 0.32m/100m

0.32𝑚
Total Head Loss (HL) = HF × (Pipe Length) = ( 100𝑚 ) (2,040𝑚) = 6.528 𝑚

Total Dynamic Head (TDH) = Static Head + HL = 10 + 6.528 = 16.528 m

𝑄 (𝑇𝐷𝐻) 2.00 (16.528)

Water Horsepower (WHP) = = = 0.44 hp
75 75

Assume 40% pump efficiency,

0.44
Brake Horsepower (BHP) = = 1.101 ℎ𝑝
0.4

Thus, the designers will use a water pump having a capacity of 1.101 hp or 2 hp for
future security of strength.
45
Design of Intake Box

The construction of the Intake Box should be done with the consideration on efficient use

of water from the source. Moreover, the design volume of water intake shall, as standard practice,

be set at the design daily maximum water service volume with ten percent (10% or so of a safety

factor).

2.86 𝑙𝑖 3600𝑠𝑒𝑐
Maximum Capacity of Intake : 𝑄𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 × 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = (24 ℎ𝑟) ( )
𝑠𝑒𝑐 1ℎ𝑟

= 247,104 liters

Capacity of Intake Box : 15% (Maximum Capacity of Intake)

= 15% (247,104) = 37,065.6 liters

Dimensions of Intake Box : Width = 3.3 m , Length = 3.3 m

Height = 3.7 m (with 300 mm for overflow pipe)

Actual Volume of Intake Box : 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ × 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ × (𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 − 300𝑚𝑚)

= 3.3 × 3.3 × (3.7 − 0.3) = 37, 026 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

Capacity of Reservoir : 40,000 liters

2.00 𝑙𝑖 3600𝑠𝑒𝑐
Daily Water Supply : 𝑄𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = (24ℎ𝑟) ( )
𝑠𝑒𝑐 1ℎ𝑟

= 172, 800 liters

46
 Total Volume of water for usage/storage : 37,026 + 40,000 + 172, 800

= 249,826 liters

Difference of the volume of water for usage/storage and the water discharge of source:

= 249,826 – 247,104 liters = + 2,722 liters

Thus, the water discharge from the source is efficiently utilized since the difference of

the volume of water for usage/storage and the water discharge of the source is positive.

47
Figure 5.15 Intake Box Details

Figure 5.16 Intake Box Plan

48
Trench

The pipes are required to be laid with respect to standard specifications. From the source

Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System Regulatory Office (MWSS-RO): Trenches for all

underground pipelines shall be excavated to the required depths and grades. Backfill shall be

placed in horizontal layers, properly moistened and compacted to an optimum density that will

prevent excessive settlement and shrinkage

Figure 5.17 Trench

49
Figure 5.18 Tap Stand Plan and Details

50
51
Cost Estimation

Cost Estimation is the approximation of the cost of a program, project or operation. The

cost estimate is the product of the cost estimating process (Wikipedia, 2012). It is an approximate

prediction of how much money is needed to complete a project. It’s important to accurately

estimate the costs as it will help you assess whether the project is feasible. In short, accurate cost

estimating helps you manage your project budget better.

The following data are the cost estimate for the water system project:

Table 5.17 Earthworks

EARTHWORKS
EXCAVATION
PIPE (110mm Diameter) - Not Rocky
length width height Volume
2029 0.41 0.71 590.6419 cu.m.
PIPE (90mm Diameter) - Rocky
length width height Volume
11 0.39 0.75 3.17 cu.m.
PIPE (75mm Diameter) - Rocky
length width height Volume
60 0.375 0.60 13.5 cu.m
60 0.375 0.675 15.1875 cu.m.
PIPE (50mm Diameter) - Not Rocky
length width height Volume
120 0.35 0.60 15.74 cu.m.
45 0.35 0.675 9.45 cu.m.
INTAKE
length width height Volume
3.3 3.3 3.7 40.293 cu.m.
TOTAL = 687.9824 cu.m

52
 EARTH FILL
Volume of Excavation 687.9824 cu.m
Volume of Pipes (110mmΦ) 19.2822 cu.m
(90mmΦ) 0.06998 cu.m
(75mmΦ) 0.53014 cu.m
(50mmΦ) 0.32398 cu.m
Volume of Fill = 667.7761 cu.m

Table 5.18 Concrete Works

CONCRETE WORKS
INTAKE BOX
Unit Width Length Thickness Volume (cu.m)
SIDE 4 3.3 3.7 0.1 4.88
Top 1 3.3 3.3 0.1 1.09
Bottom 1 3.3 3.3 0.3 3.27
Collecting Wall 1 0 0 0 0.00
Total Volume = 9.24
Summary
Cement 12 112 bags
Sand 0.5 4.62 cu.m
Gravel 1 9.24 cu.m
TANK
Unit Width Length Thickness Volume
Bottom 4 2 2 0.7 11.20
Summary
Cement 12 134 bags
Sand 0.5 5.60 cu.m
Gravel 1 11.20 cu.m
SUMMARY
Cement 12 246 bags
Sand 0.5 10.22 cu.m
Gravel 1 20.44 cu.m

53
Table 5.19 Steel Works

STEELWORKS
INTAKE BOX
QTY
Horizontal Bars (10mm Dia.) 335 56
Vertical Bars (10mm Dia.) 335 56
Floor Slab (10mm Dia.) 146 25
TOTAL = 137 pcs
#16 G.I Tie Wire
steel bar intersection to be tied with G.I wire.
Side
26.00 22.00 2288 ties for slab
one tie is 30 cm. long
tie length total length of
ties
0.4 2288 915.2 meter (total length
of ties)
Convert this length to kilograms. Using the value of 53
L total constant
915.2 53 17.27 kg # 16 G.I. wire
Bottom
22.00 22.00 484 ties for slab

one tie is 30 cm. long

tie length total length of
ties

0.4 484 193.6 meter (total length

of ties)
Convert this length to kilograms. Using the value of 53
L total constant
193.6 53 3.65 kg # 16 G.I. wire

54
 TANK
16mm bothways 54
spaced @ 150mm o.c.
54 9 pcs
#16 G.I Tie Wire
steel bar intersetion to be tied with G.I wire.
14.00 14.00 784 ties
one tie is 30 cm. long
tie length total length of ties

0.4 784 313.6 meter (total

length of ties)
Convert this length to kilograms. Using the value of 53
Ltotal constant
313.6 53 5.92 kg # 16 G.I.
wire

SUMMARY
Unit
10mmØ bars 137 pcs
12mmØ bars bothways 9 pcs
Tie Wire #16 27.00 kg # 16 G.I. wire

55
 Table 5.20 Formworks
FORMWORKS
INTAKE BOX
1. For Slab
a. Find the area of concrete floor slab
Top
Area (Top) Area (Manhole) # of slab
10.89 0.36 1 10.53 sq m
b. Refer to Table 5-3. Using 2"x3" support
Total Area constant
10.53 9.1 95.82 bd ft
Bottom
length width # of slab
3.3 3.3 1 10.89 sq m
b. Refer to Table 5-3. Using 2"x3" support
Total Area constant
10.89 9.1 99.10 bd ft
Side
length Height # of slab
3.3 3.7 8 97.68 sq m
b. Refer to Table 5-3. Using 2"x3" support
Total Area constant
97.68 9.1 888.89 bd ft
2. For Slab Form
Top
a. Find the Floor Area
Area (Top) Area (Manhole) # of slab
10.89 0.36 1 10.53 sq m
b. Divide by 2.88 effective covering of one plywood
Total Area constant
10.53 2.88 4 pcs ordinary plywood
Bottom
a. Find the Floor Area
length width # of slab
3.3 3.3 1 10.89 sq m
b. Divide by 2.88 effective covering of one plywood
Total Area constant
10.89 2.88 4 pcs ordinary plywood
Side
a. Find the Floor Area
length width # of slab
3.3 3.7 8 97.68 sq m
b. Divide by 2.88 effective covering of one plywood
Total Area constant
97.68 2.88 34 pcs ordinary plywood

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 SUPERTANK
1. For Slab
Top & Bottom
a. Find the area of concrete floor slab
length width # of slab
2 2 4 16 sq m
b. Refer to Table 5-3. Using 2"x3" support
Total Area constant
16 9.1 145.60 bd ft
Side
a. Find the area of concrete floor slab
length width # of slab
2 0.7 8 11.2 sq m
2 0.7 8 11.2 sq m
b. Refer to Table 5-3. Using 2"x3" support
Total Area constant
22.4 9.1 203.84 bd ft
2. For Slab Form
Top & Bottom
a. Find the Floor Area
length width # of slab
2 2 4 16 sq m
b. Divide by 2.88 effective covering of one plywood
Total Area constant
16 2.88 6 pcs ordinary
plywood
Side
a. Find the Floor Area
length width # of slab
2 0.7 8 11.2 sq m
2 0.7 8 11.2 sq m
b. Divide by 2.88 effective covering of one plywood
Total Area constant
22.4 2.88 8 pcs ordinary
plywood
SUMMARY
Ordinary Plywood 56 5mm THK.
X4'x8'
Coco Lumber (2"x3"x10') 1,433.25 bd ft

57
 Table 5.21 Detailed Cost Estimate
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Item Estimated

No. Scope of Work Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Amount

1 EARTHWORKS
A. Excavation m³ 687.9824 200.00 137,596.48
B. Earth Fill m³ 667.7761 200.00 133,555.22
Sub-Total for Earthworks 271,151.70
2 FORMWORKS
Form and Scaffoldings
1. Coco lumber (2"x3"x10' Rough) bd. ft. 1433.25 15.00 21,498.75
2. Plywood (4'x8'x5mm thk plywood) pcs 56 365.00 20,295.52
3. Nails (Common wire, assorted) kg 19 70.00 1,330.00
Sub-Total for Forms and Scaffoldings 43,124.27
3 INSTALLATION OF HDPE PIPE & FITTINGS
1. 90mm dia. HDPE Pipes SDR 13.5 (60 mtrs/

roll) roll 34 10,624.40 361,229.60

3. 50mm dia. HDPE Pipes SDR 9 (60 mtrs/

roll) roll 5 9,522.40 47,612.00

4. 75 mm dia. HPDE Pipes SDR 13.5 (60 mtrs/roll)

roll 4 9,975.80 39,903.20

5. 90mm Coupler pcs 30 684.70 20,541.00

6. 50mm Coupler pcs 5 239.00 1,195.00
7. 75mm Coupler pcs 4 489.30 1,957.20
8. 90mm Equal Elbow (45deg) pcs 9 695.90 6,263.10
9. 75mm Equal Elbow (45deg) pcs 4 515.12 2,060.48
10. 90mm Equal Elbow (90deg) pcs 4 745.50 2,982.00
11. 50mm Equal Elbow (90deg) pcs 3 465.12 1,395.36
12. 50mm Tee pcs 5 420.25 2,101.25
13. 50mm Valve pcs 5 418.50 2,092.50
Sub-Total for Installation of HDPE Pipe & FITTINGS 489,332.79
4 INSTALLATION OF PIPE
At Intake Box
1. 90mm G.I. Pipe ( Gate Valve ) pcs 2 2,083.29 4,166.58
2. 90mm Supply/Blow Off Pipe pcs 2 2,560.00 5,120.00
3. Teflon Tape 3/4'' pcs 7 25.00 175.00
3. PVC Strainer pcs 1 300.00 300.00
Sub-Total for Installation of Pipe 9,761.58
5 MATERIALS
Water Tank (40,000li) GRP Storage Tank pcs 1 264,575.29 264,575.29
Pump (2hp) Hengdiao Water Pump pcs 1 24,303.25 24,303.25
Sub-Total for Materials 288,878.54

6 CONCRETE WORKS
A. Concrete (Class AA)
1. Portland Cement (40 kg) bags 246 270.00 66,420.00
2. Fine(Sand) m³ 10.22 570.00 5,825.40
3. Coarse (Gravel) m³ 20.44 670.00 13,694.80
Sub-Total for Concrete Works 85,940.20
7 STEEL WORKS
Reinforcing Bars
1. 10mmØ def. Bar x 6m pcs 137.00 135.00 18,495.00
2. 16mmØ def. Bar x 6m pcs 9.00 160.00 1,440.00
3. Tie Wire (Ga. #16) kg 27.00 65.00 1,755.00
21,690.00

58
Equipment Rental days 12
1. Bar Cutter unit 1 3,000.00 36,000.00
Sub-Total for Steel Works 57,690.00

` TOTAL COST 1,245,879.08

LABOR COST(30% OF MATERIAL COST) 373,763.724
TOTAL DIRECT COST Php1,619,642.804
CONTINGENCY(5%) 80,982.1402
MISCELLANEOUS(3%) 48,589.2841
CONSTRUCTION PROFIT(10%) 161,964.28
VAT(10%) 161,964.28
TOTAL INDIRECT COST Php 453,499.9843
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST Php 2,073,142.788

59
 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Conclusion

The rising demand of water and lack of supply in Purok 2 Magpayang drove this project to

be implemented. Given the results of the design and estimations of the Level II Water Distribution

System in Purok 2 Barangay Magpayang, Mainit, it is concluded that the said project will help the

community to have a sufficient and adequate amount of water supply.

The project will cost Php 2,073,142.788. It comprises the over-all construction and

materials needed in the water distribution system. It will benefit the current 375 people living in

the area and to the future beneficiaries of the project.

6.2 Recommendations

Water is a valuable resource that needs to be sustained. Every person has a responsibility

on saving and educating others about water conservation. It is recommended that people should be

educated in the discipline of water to prevent the over usage of the resource.

Since Lake Mainit is one of the largest resource of water in the area, it is recommended to

build water treatment facilities in the future to ensure water quality and safety. In addition, the

researchers recommend to the future studies in this area to have widen the scope of the water

distribution system so that it can benefit the nearby communities that is also suffering from the

lack supply of water.

60
 REFERENCES

Rural Water Supply Manual, World Bank Office Manila, Vol. I, 2012.

Fajardo, M. 1994. Plumbing Design and Estimate, Second edition. 5138 Merchandising.

Mal, J.W., and T.M. Walski. 1991. Water Distribution Systems: A Troubleshooting Manual.

Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, Inc.

Adeosun, O.O. (2014, September 9). Water Distribution System Challenges and Solutions.

Obafemi Awolowo University. https://www.wateronline.com/doc/water-distribution-

system-challenges-and-solutions-0001

“Earth’s water distribution”. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-13, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resources#Water_scarcity_and_water_shortages

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupation Outlook Handbook, 2012

2013 Edition, Cost Estimators, from http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_estimate

61