Scribd
Upload
9 views10 pages

Acceptance Sampling

Acceptance sampling is a method used to inspect a sample from a shipment to decide on the acceptance or rejection of the entire lot, primarily serving as an audit tool rather than a direct quality control measure. It is beneficial when testing is destructive, inspection costs are high, or when 100% inspection is impractical, though it carries risks such as accepting defective lots. Various sampling plans exist, including single, double, and multiple-sampling plans, which help in determining the lot's disposition based on the number of defectives found in the sample.

Uploaded by

mandaanudeep7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views10 pages

Acceptance Sampling

Acceptance sampling is a method used to inspect a sample from a shipment to decide on the acceptance or rejection of the entire lot, primarily serving as an audit tool rather than a direct quality control measure. It is beneficial when testing is destructive, inspection costs are high, or when 100% inspection is impractical, though it carries risks such as accepting defective lots. Various sampling plans exist, including single, double, and multiple-sampling plans, which help in determining the lot's disposition based on the number of defectives found in the sample.

Uploaded by

mandaanudeep7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Acceptance

Sampling

Sujit Singh
Introduction
• A company receives a shipment of product from a supplier. This
product is often a component or raw material used in the company’s
manufacturing process. A sample is taken from the lot, and some
quality characteristic of the units in the sample is inspected.
• Based on the information in this sample, a decision is made
regarding lot disposition. Usually, this decision is either to accept or
to reject the lot.
• Sometimes we refer to this decision as lot sentencing. Accepted
lots are put into production; rejected lots may be returned to the
supplier or may be subjected to some other lot disposition action.
Aspects of sampling

• It is the purpose of acceptance sampling to sentence lots, not to


estimate the lot quality.
• Acceptance-sampling plans do not provide any direct form of
quality control. Acceptance sampling simply accepts and rejects
lots.
• The most effective use of acceptance sampling is not to “inspect
quality into the product,” but rather as an audit tool to ensure that
the output of a process conforms to requirements.
Approaches to lot sentencing

•Accept with no inspection.


•100% inspection—that is, inspect every
item in the lot, removing all defective units
found
•Acceptance sampling.
When to Use Acceptance Sampling

1. When testing is destructive


2. When the cost of 100% inspection is extremely high
3. When 100% inspection is not technologically feasible or would require so much calendar time that
production scheduling would be seriously impacted
4. When there are many items to be inspected and the inspection error rate is sufficiently high that
100% inspection might cause a higher percentage of defective units to be passed than would occur
with the use of a sampling plan
5. When the supplier has an excellent quality history, and some reduction in inspection from 100% is
desired, but the supplier’s process capability is sufficiently low as to make no inspection an
unsatisfactory alternative
6. When there are potentially serious product liability risks, and although the supplier’s process is
satisfactory, a program for continuously monitoring the product is necessary.
Advantages of Sampling
1. It is usually less expensive because there is less
inspection.
2. There is less handling of the product, hence reduced
damage.
3. It is applicable to destructive testing.
4. Fewer personnel are involved in inspection activities.
5. It often greatly reduces the amount of inspection error.
6. The rejection of entire lots as opposed to the simple
return of defectives often provides a stronger motivation to
Disadvantages of Sampling

1. There are risks of accepting “bad” lots and rejecting


“good” lots.
2. Less information is usually generated about the product
or about the process that manufactured the product.
3. Acceptance sampling requires planning and
documentation of the acceptance-sampling procedure
whereas 100% inspection does not.
Types of Sampling Plans
• Single-Sampling Plan: Select n items at random from the lot. If there are c or
fewer defectives in the sample, accept the lot, and if there are more than c
defective items in the sample, reject the lot.
• Double- Sampling Plan: Following an initial sample, a decision based on the
information in that sample is made either to (1) accept the lot, (2) reject the lot, or
(3) take a second sample. If the second sample is taken, the information from
both the first and second sample is combined to reach a decision whether to
accept or reject the lot.
• Multiple-Sampling Plan: An extension of the double-sampling concept, in that
more than two samples may be required to reach a decision regarding the
disposition of the lot. Sample sizes in multiple sampling are usually smaller than
they are in either single or double sampling.
Single-Sampling Plans for Attributes

• A single-sampling plan is defined by the sample


size n and the acceptance number c. Thus, if the
lot size is N = 10,000, then the sampling plan
• n= 89, c=2

Where, p is fraction defective of lot. Let say p=0.01


Average outgoing Quality Level (AOQL)

Assume that the lot size is N and that all discovered defectives are replaced with
good units. Then in lots of size N, we have
• n items in the sample that, after inspection, contain no defectives, because all
discovered defectives are replaced.
• N − n items that, if the lot is rejected, also contain no defectives.
• N − n items that, if the lot is accepted, contain p(N − n) defectives.

Suppose that N = 10,000, n = 89, and c = 2,


and
that the incoming lots are of quality p = 0.01.
Now at p = 0.01, we have P = 0.9397a

You might also like